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MODULE Contents U n it P resent S im ple vs P resent Progressive / S ta tive v e r b s U n it C om parison o f a dje ctive s and adverbs / O ther fo rm s o f c o m p a ris o n .7 U n it P ast S im ple / The verb u s e d t o 1 MODULE R e v is io n M o d u le .15 U n it Relative Pronouns (who, which, th a t, whose) / Relative adverb (w here) 17 U n it C onditional S entences Type / Tim e C lauses (present - future) U n it 21 Both / All / N either / None / Either So / N either / Too / E ith e r 25 R e v is io n M o d u le U n it MODULE U n its -3 U n its -6 Present P erfect Sim ple Present P erfect Sim ple vs Past S im p le U n it P resent P erfect Progressive Present P erfect S im ple - P resent P erfect Progressive fo r / s in c e MODULE R e v is io n M o d u le Past Progressive / Time C lauses (when, while, as, as soon as) .4 U n it Past P erfect S im p le 47 U n it 1 P repositions o f Tim e / P repositions o f Place / P repositions o f M o v e m e n t 51 MODULE U n it can / could / may / will / would U n it can / could / be able to could / may / m ight m ust / c a n ’t .; 62 Infinitive / -ing fo r m 6 R e v is io n M o d u le MODULE U n its -1 5 m u s t / have to / need (to ) 57 U n it MODULE .4 U n it R e v is io n M o d u le U n its -1 71 U n it The a rticle ‘th e ’ 73 U n it Passive Voice (Present Sim ple - Past S im ple) 77 U n it Passive Voice (Present P erfect Sim ple - Future “ w ill” - Future “ be going to ” - M odal v e rb s ) R e v is io n M o d u le 81 U n its - U n it S ubject - O bject Q uestions / Negative Q uestions / Reflexive P ro n o u n s 8 U n it Conditional S entences Type / W is h e s R e v is io n M o d u le MODULE U n its 7-8 U n its - 97 U n it Reported Speech (S ta te m e n ts) 9 U n it Reported Speech (Q uestions - C om m ands - R e q u e s ts ) R e v is io n M o d u le U n its - I r r e g u la r v e r b s I l l Unit f Present Simple vs Present Progressive Stative Verbs Read Barry’s e-mail to Ron Subject: [ News from Berlin Hi Ron, Berlin's great but the weather's awful It's raining again today and I hate it I often think about you in Florida and I'm so jealous! Anyway, I'm studying for my exams these days and I haven't got much free time Tomorrow I'm taking my first big exam and I'm not really looking forward to it However, the exams finish on 20th February and I'm thinking of inviting you over so that you can get a taste of Berlin Write back soon, Barry Now complete the sentences Barry can’t stand T h e in Berlin is the last day of the exams Barry is busy these days because B a rry Ron to visit him a fte r the exams Grammar Q Present Simple vs Present Progressive Affirmative FULL FORMS 1walk He/She/It walks We/You/They walk SHORT FORMS 1do not walk 1don’t walk He/She/It does not walk He/She It doesn't walk We/You/They not walk We/You/The> don't walk Questions Short Answers Do 1walk? Yes, 1do Does he/she/it walk? Yes, he/she/it does Do we/you/they walk? Yes, we/you/they FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS No, 1don't No, he/she/it doesn't No, we/you/they don't FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS 1am walking I'm walking 1am not walking I’m not walking He/She/It is walking He/She/It's walking He/She/It is not walking He/She/It isn’t walking We/You/They are walking We/You/They’re walking We/You/They are not walking We/You/They aren’t walking Questions Short Answers Am 1walking? Is he/she/it walking? Are we/you/they walking? Yes, am Yes, he/she/it is Yes, we/you/they are No, I’m not No, he/she/it isn’t No, we/you/they aren’t We use the Present Simple: for habits or actions th a t happen regularly I listen to m usic every evening for perm anent states He lives in New York for general truths Tigers n ’t live in Africa for an action th a t takes place according to a schedule The class finishes a t o ’clock We use the Present Progressive: for actions th a t are happening now, at the m om ent of speaking John is talking on the phone at the moment for tem porary states I ’m staying a t my cousin’s house these days for future arrangem ents (we usually mention when) Sue is taking the train to Berlin tomorrow TIME EXPRESSIONS TIME EXPRESSIONS now, at the m oment usually, always, often, etc today, these days, this week/year, etc every day/week, etc tonight, tomorrow, etc in the m orning/spring, etc next week/year, etc on M ondays/M onday morning, etc at the weekend, etc o n ce /tw ice /th re e tim es, etc a week/day, etc f The adverbs of frequency always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, usually go before the main verb, but after the verb be and the auxiliary verbs (do/does) He often stays up late a t night ffWTl Terry doesn’t usually wake up early Maria is always sad Q Stative Verbs Stative verbs are not normally used in the Present Progressive • • • • Stative verbs usually express: Senses: hear, smell, taste, see, etc Emotions: love, hate, like, prefer, want, etc Thought, knowledge, belief: think, know, remember, mean, understand, etc Various other states, such as: be, have (possess), cost, belong —,— — — — ;— ; „ r Some Stative Verbs can be used in progressive tenses but with a different meaning see M ary is seeing the dentist this Saturday think of/about I ’m thinking o f having a party a t the weekend have (with words like lunch, breakfast, bath, etc.) H e’s having lunch now NOTE: Although the verbs listen, look, watch refer to the senses, they are not stative verbs and can be used in the Present Progressive We’re watching a great film right now Activities A Circle the correct words Sabina Stone (l) works / is working as a full-time librarian at the Central Library of Brighton She (2) is starting / starts work at o’clock every day and (3) doesn’t finish / isn’t finishing until in the afternoon She (4) likes / is liking her job and (5) is enjoying / enjoys being in a place full of books These days however, she feels tired She (6) is thinking / thinks of going on a three-day trip to Calais in France So, she (7) takes / is taking the ferry to France tomorrow B Make sentences using the Present Simple or the Present Progressive Laura/speak/C hinese/? Keith and Tina/listen/m usic/m om ent/ S am /rarely/argue/w ith friends/ Ja ck/h e lp /b ro th e r/w ith /M a th s hom ew ork/now /? E m ily/see/doctor/this afternoon/ Charlie/not spend tim e /ch a ttin g /o ve r the phone/ s u n /ris e /in the e a s t/ so u p /sm ell/de licious/! C Use the prompts to make questions Then, look at the pictures and answer Lisa /w o rk/b o o ksh o p /? Brian/m ake sandw ich/now /? Does Lisa work in a bookshop? _ _ No she doesn't She works in a shoe shop. _ _ Susan and F rank/w ea r/sho rts/to da y/? People in the UK/drive/on the right/? D Complete with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets A: W h a t _ y o u (do) this weekend? B: Well, I _ (usually/go) to the cinema but this weekend I _ (stay) at home because I feel exhausted A: How m u c h this T -s h irt (cost)? B: I’m afraid I (not remember) Wait a minute, please Erm I t (cost) tw enty euros A: This film is really boring W hat t im e i t _ (finish)? B: I (not know) A: Hey, Fred! W hat’s on TV? B: I (watch) a documentary about gorillas It’s very interesting A: How about going shopping tom orrow? B: I (not think) so I _ (think) of visiting my grandparents tomorrow A: W h e re _ y o u _ (live)? B: W e (live) near the school but these days w e (stay) at our aunt’s because my d a d (paint) the house E Choose a, b or c We can’t go out with you tonight because w e _ dinner at my cousin’s house a have b are having c is having Mr and Mrs Roberts are buying a bicycle for Suzy next week, but Suzy isn’t very excited about it S h e a skateboard a is wanting b want c wants D ia n e to work She takes the bus as well a always doesn’t drive b doesn’t always drive c doesn’t drive always Helen is looking for a job She the manager o f a food company tomorrow I hope she gets the job a doesn’t see b sees c is seeing A: Why aren't you doing the exercise, John? B: i can’t Miss Peel _ a don’t understand This week Kelly a is working it b am not understanding c am not understand She is on holiday b isn’t working c doesn’t work Talk in pairs Discuss what you like doing in your free tim e and what your plans for the weekend are Use some o f the ideas below or your own • cinema • football match • party *DVDs • shopping • concert »TV What you like doing in your free time? Well, I usually/sometimes Do you often ? Yes, I / No, I don’t I’m thinking about on Saturday Do you want to ? Of course / No, I don’t think so Write about your partner using the inform ation from the Speaking activity Say what he/she likes and dislikes and what he/she does in h is/h e r free tim e Comparison of adjectives/adverbs y Other forms of comparison LUnit Read th e dialogue Ian Can we watch the skiing please? This is boring Paula What? Skeleton boring? It’s the most exciting sport in the world! Ian I think it’s the least interesting event at the winter Olympics You ju s t get on a board and try to go as fast as you can Big deal! Paula It’s not a board, it’s called a sled And it isn’t as easy as it looks, you know It’s one of the most dangerous sports Som etim es the athletes travel faster than a car Ian Yeah, whatever Come on now, change the channel Paula OK, OK Now complete the sentences Write Paula or Ian _ thinks skeleton isn’t a very interesting sport _ says th a t skeleton is more d ifficult than it seems _ finds skiing more exciting than skeleton doesn’t know what the board is called Grammar Q Comparative and Superlative Form • We use the comparative form to compare two people, animals or things Adjectives and adverbs are usually followed by the word than Liam is s h orter than James Kathy runs faster than her brother • We use the superlative form to compare one person, animal or thing with several o f the same kind Adjectives and adverbs always take the definite article the and are usually followed by the prepositions of or in Andy is the noisiest student in the class M ary works the hardest o f all her classm ates Formation of the Comparative and the Superlative Form of adjectives: • All one-syllable adjectives and m ost two-syllable adjectives take the endings - e r in the comparative form and -e s t in the superlative form sm art - sm arter - sm a rte st happy - happier - happiest • We form the comparative of adjectives with three or more syllables (and some two-syllable adjectives) with more + adjective and the superlative with most + adjective expensive - more expensive - m ost expensive modern - more modern - m ost modern Formation o f the Comparative and the Superlative Form o f adverbs: • All one-syllable adverbs and early take the endings -e r in the comparative form and -e s t in the superlative form fa st - fa ster - fa ste st early - earlier - earliest • We form the comparative of adverbs with two or more syllables with more + adverb and the superlative with most + adverb beautifully - more beautifully - m ost beautifully POSITIVE FORM CO M PARA TIV E FORM SUPERLATIVE FORM good/well bad/badly little far many/much better worse less farth e r/fu rth e r more best worst least fa rth e s t/fu rth e s t m ost Q Other forms of comparison • less + adjective/adverb + than Fiona writes less clearly than her sister • the least + adjective/adverb + of/in Geography is less interesting than History, b u t M aths is the least interesting subject o f all • as + adjective/adverb + as Kelly runs as fa st as Sheila Fiona dances as badly as her sister • not as + adjective/adverb + as Kelly is n 't as tail as Sheila Activities A Complete with the correct form of the adjectives/adverbs in brackets Is your f l a t _ (expensive) than mine? The new stadium is t h e _ (large) building in the city Jenny doesn’t like rice a s (much) as she likes spaghetti Mr Barns is t h e (interesting) person I’ve ever met We ta lk for hours David d id _ (badly) than I did in the test Monday is t h e (bad) day of the week Sleeping in your bed i s _ (comfortable) than sleeping in an armchair Mike doesn’t drive a s _ (carelessly) as his brother Don’t you think it’s (cold) today than it was yesterday? 10 My sister has g o t (much) free tim e than I B Match Planes are a tiring than dancing Alice is the b hottest month of the year Football practice is more c heavier than helicopters Greg runs as d friendliest person know Linda’s house is not as e big as Valerie’s August is the f fa st as Charlie Choose a, b or c C Karen c a m e _ a earlier than I expected b early You should e a t _ c earliest if you want to lose weight a least b little c less _ crowded D the worse good at tennis as Mary Mary is a much better player, a as b less c not as b m ost b the w orst me a of b as c than Monica is very tall She is alm ost as tall c less This i s restaurant I’ve ever been to a I believe Christine is Alan speaks French more flu e n tly _ Let’s take the underground The bus is usually a more _ our teacher a than b as c of c worst Look at the information about the three hotels below and expand the notes into sentences Hotel Price o f room per night: €170 Built in: 0 Rooms: 130 Open: March to December Hotel / be / cheap / of the three hotels Hotel / be / expensive / Hotel Hotel / be / new / o f the three hotels Hotel / be / old / Hotel Hotel / have got / few rooms / Hotel Hotel / have got / many rooms / o f all Every year Hotel / open / early / Hotel Every year Hotel / stay open / long / of the three hotels Hotel Price of room per night: €80 Built in: 1995 Rooms: 50 Open: April to October Hotel Price of room per night: €100 Built in: 1995 Rooms: 70 Open: May to November E Rewrite the sentences using the words given The Internet cafe is more popular than the fa s t food restaurant (isn’t) The fa s t food re s ta u n t _ Mark isn’t as friendly as Angela (than) A ngela This book isn’t as interesting as the one I was reading last week (less) _ This book i s Both Jack and Kate work hard (as) Jack — Sandra likes going to the cinema more than she likes going to the theatre (as) _ Sandra doesn’t like going to the th e a tre I don’t think there is a better student than Chloe (best) I think C h lo e _ Speaking Work in pairs Look at the jo bs below and compare them using the words in the box waiter difficult easy interesting well-paid zookeeper taxi driver writer photographer farm er boring exciting tiring I think that the job of a zookeeper is more than the job of a farmer What you think? i think that the job of a zookeeper is as as the job of a farmer dangerous Write a paragraph comparing two job s from the Speaking activity Revision Module A Use the w ords in b rackets to m ake neg ative questions Jill Wow, look at th a t tiger! Mark Jill Of course I h a v e _ Mark Yeah, I guess so Units 18-19 Tom (you / see / a tiger / before)? (that one / be / very / big)? (you / get / my Where have you been? message)? I told you to be here by o'clock Kara (can / you / I’m sorry I couldn’t find a ta x i _ be patient / for once)? L a r a Ron No, maybe he’ll call me later Rob I feel sick! J a n e Rob (why / you / tell / me / the truth)? Peter I was afraid of getting in trouble Mum Well, now you’re in more trouble! Read the sen tences and choose If I a ( you / should / visit / a doctor)? You’re right If I don’t feel better by noon, I’ll go Mum B (Jason / call / you / yet)? a, b or c a lot of money, I would travel around the world have b had c were having You c o u ld _ a car if you were older a bought b buys _ older I wish I _ a were c buy is in Spain for years, he would learn Spanish If Ronald a lives c b am b will live c lived I wish I _ _ go on holiday a can b could c will Emily says th at if s h e _ Brad Pitt, she would get his autograph a m eet b m et Tracy wishes s h e _ a has b had Maggie w o u ld a cry b have cried c would m eet a younger sister, have if she saw a dead animal c cried 97 C C ircle the co rre c t w ords Tom Hi Liz, can I help (1) you / yo urself with that? Liz No, I can carry it by (2) m e / m yself Liz Yes, but they never stick to anything Lorna, for example, wanted a com puter last month I gave (6) her / h e rs e lf mine and yesterday she told Tom What is it, anyway? Liz It’s a trum pet for Harry (7) m e / m y s e lf th a t she’s bored with Tom You bought (3) him / h im s e lf a trum pet? Is he (8) it / its e lf already Tom I can’t believe it! taking lessons? Liz No, he’s teaching (4) him / h im s e lf how to play Tom Wow, it’s nice to see th a t your kids are keeping (5) th e m / th e m s e lv e s busy D Read th e questions and choose the co rre c t answ er Who gave you those flowers? b I gave them to my son a My son gave them to me What did John send Mary? b She sent him a letter a He sent her a letter Who did Peter call last night? b Peter called Mark a Mark called Peter Who did Alex m eet at the park? b Alex m et Mike at the park a Mike m et Alex at the park What did you see in the woods? b A bear saw me a I saw a bear What happened to your sunglasses? b They broke me a I broke them Use of English C o m plete w ith the prep ositio ns in the box for My alarm clock w e n t down in o ff on of away down this morning, but I didn’t hear it For this reason, I didn’t go to work _ tim e Jane, is very fo n d animals She’s got seven pets _ She didn’t keep her promise and now I’m very upset with her Maria let m e _ If you see som eone getting seriously injured, you should c a ll _ an ambulance I really don’t want to get involved your argument I think you two should calm stop shouting The bank robbers g o t _ with over ,0 0 ,0 0 ,0 0 euros! 98 and Unit 20 Read the speech bubbles So, a r e y o u g u y s co m in g o ver f o r lu n c h t o m o r r o w a f t e r n o o n ? I c a n ’t My un cle f r o m A u s tr a lia a r r iv e d y e s t e r d a y a n d w e m u s t visit him f ^ I c a n ’t either My d a d h a s bought a new car and w e ’re driving to th e b e a c h ^ Now co m p lete th e d ialogu e below w ith the m issing in fo rm atio n Mum So, where are your friends? Chris My friends? Oh, I forgot to tell you I saw them yesterday and they said they couldn’t come Mum What? Why not? Chris Well, Tony said that h is had bought an e w and that they were driving to the Mum What about Sue? had arrived the day before Chris She said that her uncle fro m _ and that they had t o him Mum And why didn’t you tell me? Chris Sorry, Mum Grammar j Q Reported Speech • In Direct Speech, we repeat the exact words th a t som eone said We usually use the verb say and the exact words of the speaker are put in quotation marks Fay said, ‘J ohn stud ies rd ’ • In Reported Speech, we report the m eaning of what som eone said, w ithout using the exact words We use a reporting verb, usually say or tell, followed by that and the reported statem ent Fay said th a t John s tu die d hard • We can om it that before the reported statem ent • We use say as a reporting verb when there is no indirect object Diane said, ‘i ’m tire d ’ Diane said (that) she was tired • We use tell as a reporting verb when there is an indirect object Diane said, ‘i ’m tired, Ted.’ Diane to ld Ted (that) she was tired • ‘ I’ll be late,’ Mary said to me F H Il Mary told me th a t she would be late 99 Q Reporting statements • When we change a sentence from Direct to Reported Speech, pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning of the sentence Rob said, have ju s t so ld my b ik e ’ Rob said (that) he had ju s t so ld his bike When the reporting verb is in the Past Tense, we usually make the following changes: Present Simple —►Past Simple Sam said, go to bed a lo t.’ Sam said (that) he went to bed a lot now —►then Simon said, ‘I ’m leaving now.’ Simon said (that) he was leaving then Present Progressive —►Past Progressive Anna said, ‘I'm watching TV.’ Anna said (that) she was watching TV today —►that day Mum said, ‘We’re eating out today.’ Mum said (that) they were eating out that day Past Simple —►Past Perfect Simple Mike said, ‘She helped me a lot ’ Mike said (that) she had helped him a lot yesterday —►the previous day / the day before Daryl said, saw the dentist yesterday ’ Daryl said (that) he had seen the dentist the previous day Present Perfect —►Past Perfect Jane said, ‘I ’ve laughed a lot today.’ Jane said (that) she had laughed a lo t th at day will -* would Suzie said, ‘I ’ll write to you soon.' Suzie said (that) she would write to me soon can —►could Chris said, ‘I can buy him a p rese nt.' Chris said (that) he could buy him a present may —►might Kevin said, m ay be late ’ Kevin said (that) he m ight be late must —►had to M ary said, ‘You m ust be very careful.' M ary said (that) I had to be very careful here —►there Bill said, want to stay here ’ Bill said (that) he wanted to stay there this morning/year, etc —►that morning/year, etc Paula said, haven’t worked at all this m orning.’ Paula said (that) she hadn’t worked a t all that morning tomorrow —►the next day / the following day Lara said, ‘I ’m going to the cinema tom orrow.’ Lara said (that) she was going to the cinema the following day last week/month, etc —►the previous week/month etc., the week/m onth, etc before Sue said, phoned her la st week ’ Sue said (that) she had phoned her the previous week next week / month, etc —►the following w e e k / month, etc Brian said, ‘I ’ll tell you the results next week.’ Brian said (that) he would tell me the results the following week • These changes are not made when the sentence expresses a general truth or the reporting verb is in the Present, Future or Present Perfect Simple enjoy reading books, ’ Mum said Mum said (that) she enjoys reading books will visit Berlin next year, ’ Dad says Dad says he will visit Berlin next year • The Past Perfect and the verbs could, might, should, would, mustn’t and used to not change in Reported Speech She said, ‘You should help your brother.’ She told me (that) I should help my brother 100 Activities A C ircle th e c o rre c t w ords Carol told / said th a t she had a headache Alice told / said us th a t she was going to bed Mark said / told, “ I’m going to work as a volunteer at the animal shelter this summer." Mr Baxter told / said his students th a t they would have a te s t on Monday “ I’ve already seen Danny’s invention,” Dave told / said to me Susan said / told me th a t she couldn’t come to the party on Sunday George told / said th a t he had to leave early “We have to win the match today,” our coach told / said us B C o m plete the rep o rted statem en ts w ith the c o rre c t pronouns and possessive ad jectives Our teacher says to us, “Children, you should study carefully for your exams.” Our teacher t e lls t h a t _ should study carefully f o r _ exams My m other always says to me, “ You have to keep your room tidy.” My m other always t e lls t h a t _ have to k e e p room tidy Karen som etim es says to Kevin, “ We have to move to a new house because Idon’t like this neighbourhood.” Karen som etim es says to Kevin t h a t have to move to anew house b e c a u s e _ doesn’t like th is neighbourhood Every year Dave tells Mary: “ We m ust plan our holiday early.” Every year Dave tells Mary t h a t m ust p la n holiday early John often says, “ I can’t find my glasses.” John often says t h a t C can’t f in d glasses R e w rite the sen ten ces using R epo rted S p eech My granddaughter plays the piano beautifully > - — - Mr Adams says th a t his granddaughter plays the piano beautifully We enjoyed the film last night Mrs Allen said t h a t 101 I’m going to buy a new bicycle next month > - David said th at been washing the car all morning! Frank told his dad th a t he I’ve already complained about the noise twice today! ; X -i Susan told the police officer that I, We may stay at the Bluebell Hotel My friends told me th at W hat were you doing when I called? y c was having a bath! Mark told Angie th a t D C ircle th e c o rre c t w ords I’m Ian Wallace and I live in Exeter I am in the school swimming team Last weekend we took part in a swimming competition in London On Friday our coach told us that we (1 ) will go / would go to London by train He said that we (2) has to / had to be at the train station at seven o’clock on Saturday morning On Friday afternoon my father (3) told / said me th a t he (4) would drive / will drive me to the station (5) the following morning / tomorrow On Saturday morning I was very excited, so I woke up very early When I was ready to go, my father told me that he (6) can’t / couldn’t drive me to the station because our car (7) has / had an engine problem So, we called a taxi, which arrived at my house at ten to seven When I told the driver th a t I (8) had to / have to be at the station by seven o’clock, he looked at his watch and said tha t we (9) might / can get there on time Luckily, I didn’t miss the train, but my coach was very angry He said that I (10) am / had been very late and that I (11) mustn’t / didn’t have to th a t again However, when I explained what (12) happened / had happened, he apologised to me E R e w rite the text using R epo rted S peech Jim , hi! It’s B re n d a W e ’re le a v in g t o d a y I’ve [eft th e keys w ith o u r n e ig h b o u r, Mr Dale You m u s t w a t e r th e p la n ts t h r e e tim es a w eek J o h n t o o k o u r d o g to m y p a r e n t s ’ f a r m y e s te r d a y , so y o u d o n ’t h a v e to w o r r y a b o u t him W e ’re g o in g to s t a y in T h a ila n d f o r t h r e e w eeks We h a v e o r g a n i s e d a t o u r a r o u n d its c a p ita l, B a n g k o k , a s well W e ’ll s e n d y o u a p o s t c a r d f r o m T h a ila n d T h a n k s , Jim Bye! Brenda told Jim tha t they were leaving tha t dau Speaking Play a class game All students write their names on small pieces of paper, fold them up and leave them on the teacher’s desk Each student m ust then go to the teacher’s desk, pick a paper and unfold it Then h e / she m ust go to the student whose name is on the paper and secretly tell him /h e r a sentence The student has to report what the student told him /h e r to the class Phil told me/said that he loves strawberries and he wishes he had some Samantha said/told me that she had Write 5-6 sentences reporting things your frie nd s/fam ily/tea cher told you during the past week 103 Reported Speech (Questions - Commands - Requests Read the in te rv ie w below Last week we interviewed Nelly Stone, the famous pop star We asked her to tell us about her new CD and she said, “It’s got wonderful songs!” Next we asked her if she liked giving concerts She told us, “Of course I love singing for my fans!” When we asked her when she was giving a concert in London, she said that she didn’t know We told her not to forget her London fans Now tick w h a t the re p o rte r ac tu a lly said to N elly Stone “ Do you like giving concerts?” “ Don’t forget your London fa ns.” “Are you giving a concert in London?” | J J “Tell us about your new CD.” “ W hat’s your new CD like?” “ When are you giving a concert in London? Grammar Q Reported Questions To transform a question from Direct to Reported Speech we make changes in tenses, pronouns and other words ju s t as in reported statem ents 104 ^ Q If# Reported Commands and Requests • To transform commands from Direct to Reported Speech, we usually use the verbs tell, order, etc as reporting verbs • To transform requests from Direct to Reported Speech we usually use the verbs ask, beg, etc as reporting verbs The imperative changes to full infinitive or not + full infinitive The teacher told me to sit down ‘Sit dow n,’ the teacher said Kate asked Sue not to be late ‘ Please, Sue, don’t be la te ,' Kate said A R e w rite the sen tences using R epo rted Speech as in the exam p le “ Do you need any help?” Jeremy asked Jeremu asked me if/whether / needed any help. “ Where did you go yesterday?” she asked “ Please, call me tom orrow,” he said “ What you in your free tim e, David?” Tracy asked “ Don’t stay out late,” Mum said “ Do you go out every Saturday night, Jonathan?” Macy asked “ Will you marry me, Kate?” Jack asked B R e w rite the sen ten ces using the verbs given and R epo rted S peech Dennis asked Emily: “Are you going to the cinema tonight?” (want to know) Dennis wanted to know if/whether Emily was going to the cinema that night. The woman said to the waiter: “ Bring me some more orange juice, please.” My father asked me: “ Have you finished your hom ework?” The m an said to th e ta xi driver: "S top th e ca r!" Billy said to me: "D o n 't w o rry!" (ask) (want to know) (order) (tell) 105 C Look at the pictu res, read the speech bubbles and an s w e r the questions below What did Mandy’s m other ask W hat did the teacher tell the Mandy to do? students to do? Mandu’s mother asked her to take the dog for a walk. W hat did the coach order the football players to do? Take me to the cinema ^ with you, please W hat did Kelly ask her brother to W hat did Mrs W illiams tell her husband? do? D R e w rite the follo w in g dialogue using R epo rted S peech Sally When are you leaving for Brazil? Peter I’m leaving next month Sally Don’t take lots of things with you Peter Are two suitcases too many? Sally Yes You m ust remember th a t you will have to carry them wherever you go Don’t what I did I took too many things with me and couldn’t get around easily Sallu asked Peter when he was leaving for Brazil. 106 W hat did M iranda’s father tell her? E R e w rite the sen ten ces using D ire c t S peech Kelly told her parents th at she wanted to become an actress “Mum, dad / want to become an actress!” said Kelly. _ Ian asked Tom when he would finish the project Peter told Tom th a t he couldn’t be there on tim e Mary told us th a t she had never m et Larry’s brother before Laura asked if they were going to the cinema th at night My father told me th a t if I stayed out late, I would get into serious trouble My sister wanted to know what tim e Brian was m eeting us The police officer ordered me to give him my passport immediately Kerry told Mary not to wear th a t top with those trousers F Choose a, b or c Our teacher asked us if w e the question a understood b understand c has understood I told my m o th e r early in the morning a wake me up b woke me up c to wake me up K a th y what they were going to have for lunch a told b said to c asked Sophie asked Tom _ to work the previous day a why hadn’t he come b if why he hadn’t come c why he hadn’t come I asked my b ro th e r _ the window because it was hot a open b to open c opened My classm ates asked m e _ a what is my name b what my name was c what was my name Peter’s father told h im _ late for dinner a to not be b to be not c not to be Mike asked B e n a what he was doing on Saturday evening b what was he doing c what is he doing K a re n Jenny to answer the phone a 10 told b said He asked m e a lend him £5 b if I lend 11 I asked Danny a to bring c to lend me the brochure b bring 12 She a asked c asks c if he bring me if I had read The Adventures o f Tom Sawyer b told c said to Speaking In pairs, take turns to be a police officer (Student A) and someone whose h o u se /fla t has been burgled (Student B) Student A m ust choose five questions from the ones below and ask Student B Student B answers and then he/she m ust tell another pair what the police officer asked him /h e r using Reported Speech • • • • • • • • • What tim e did it happen? Where were you at the tim e? Does anyone else live in the building? Where were they? How did you realise th a t your house had been burgled? What was missing? Was the door open? Had you locked the doors/w indow s before you left? Did you have any money in the house/flat? What time did it happen? It happened The police officer asked me what time it had happened Now, write what the police officer asked you reporting his questions 108 Revision Module Units 20-21 Read the sentences and choose a, b or c A The lib ria n _ us to stop talking a tell b said The police o ffic e r a order c told us to put down the gun b ordered c said M a n d y _ me if I wanted to go with her a ordered Barry _ a told b told c asked Paul not to be late b says c said Joan asked m e I was making noise a what b why c because H e th a t he worked as a teacher a B told b ordered c said Read the d ialogu e and co m p lete the sen tences rep o rtin g w h a t Kevin and hisw ife Zoe said Kevin I’ve booked a holiday in Thailand Zoe I don’t want to go to Thailand any more Kevin We have to go because I have already paid for the hotel and plane tickets Well, you’ll have to cancel them and ask for your Zoe money back Kevin I don’t understand why you’ve changed your mind Zoe I would prefer to go to Malaysia Kevin You are never happy I’ll see what I can Kevin said th at Zoe told h im Kevin told Zoe Z o e K e vin Zoe Kevin 109 C R e w rite th e sen tences using R epo rted S peech Kate said, “ I’m twenty-five years old.” “You m ust drink more m ilk,” the doctor told me “ I saw a great film last night,” said James “W hat did you eat for lunch?" Angela asked her son “Why are you crying?” Dad asked Andrew Frank said, “ I’m going to the beach tom orrow.” “ I may go shopping today,” said Henry “Could you help me with the washing-up?" my m other asked me “ I’ve spoken to Mary tw ice since this morning,” Alan told Karen C o m plete the sen tences w ith the ph rases in the box at all tim es from tim e to tim e make tim e pass the tim e take your tim e have tim e to kill waste tim e Check the food in the oven , will you? I’ll be back in two hours I’ll have to tom orrow to visit Mary It’s her birthday When we go on holiday, we swimming all day We’re not in a h u rry _ The film doesn’t s ta rt for another two hours I might need you Have your mobile with you I Those boys You shouldn’t 110 give sb a hard tim e , so I thought I would come by your house and have a chat What you think? I don’t know what she’ll till the end of the year your watching TV You should your homework IRREGULAR VERBS Infinitive Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Past Simple Past Participle be was/were been leave left left beat beat beaten let let let become became become lie lay lain begin began begun lose lost lost bleed bled bled make made made break broke broken mean meant meant bring brought brought meet met met breed bred bred pay paid paid build built built put put put burn burnt/burned burnt/burned read read read buy bought bought ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen deal dealt dealt sell sold sold did done send sent sent dig dug dug shake shook shaken draw drew drawn shine shone shone drink drank drunk show showed shown drive drove driven sing sang sung eat ate eaten sink sank sunk fall fell fallen sit sat sat feel fe lt felt sleep slept slept fight fought fought speak spoke spoken find found found spend spent spent fly flew flown spread spread spread forget forgot forgotten stand stood stood freeze froze frozen steal stole stolen get got got sting stung stung give gave given strike struck struck go went gone swear swore sworn grow grew grown swell swelled swollen hang hung swim swam swum have had had take took taken hear heard heard teach taught taught hide hid hidden tell told told hit hit hit think thought thought hold held held throw threw thrown hurt hurt hurt understand understood understood keep kept kept wake woke woken know knew known wear wore worn lead led led win won won learn learnt/learned learnt/learned write wrote written 111 ... school? When did he/she get h is /h e r driving licence? What was h is /h e r firs t job? Where did he/she live when he/she was young? Did he/she use to work part tim e while he/she was a student? When... woman (6) whose / who is his mother B Complete the sentences with who, which, that, whose or where If they can be omitted put them in brackets This is the c o tta g e _ we spent our holidays... the sentences using who, which, that, whose or when as in the example If the pronouns can be omitted, put them in brackets That’s the fam ous scientist She was on the news last night That’s the