Mdt giao su khac d My edn ndi thang ra rang nhieu ngudi Viet Nam "da sai lam khi cho rang mdt trudng dai hpc dupc xiy dimg hoin toin mdi theo thiet ke ciia mdt nhdm cie trudng dai [r]
Trang 1NHA T R I / O N G VIET NAM TRONG MQT NEN GlAO DUG TIEN TIEN MANG DAM BAN SAC DAN T O C
PHAM MINH HAC*
"Thdng bao kdt luin cua Bd Chinh tri ve tidp Uic thue hien Nghi quydt Tmng uong 2 (khoa VIII), phuong hudng phat trien giao due v i dao tao den nam 2020" (sd 242-TB/TW, ngay 15-4-2009) da neu: "Tmdc tinh hinh mod, Bd Chinh tri ydu cau cap uy, ehinh quyen, Mat trin Td qudc va cae doan thd cac cap can tidp tuc quan tridt siu sac tu tudng chi dao cua Dang trong Nghi quyet Tmng uong 2 (khoa VIII), phan dau den nam
2020 cd mdt nen giao due tien tien, mang dam b i n sac dan tdc, dap iing ydu cau eiia sir nghiep cdng nghiep boa, bien dai hoa dat nudc trong bdi canh hdi nhap qudc te" Bai bao nhd nay gdp phan tridn khai Kdt luan quan trpng nay ddi vdi vide chan hung sir nghiep giao due nudc nha, mdt lan nira ban vd nha trudng trong nen giao due sap budc sang thap
ky thir hai ciia the ky mdi, ca tren binh dien tridt ly lin binh dien thuc thi tridt ly ay
Cd the ndi, Ket luan ciia Bd Chinh tri mang diy tinh tridt ly giio due cita chiing ta Triet ly giao due Viet Nam da hinh thanh tir xa xua, nhat l i tir thdi Nha Ly (nira sau the
ky XI), ndi bat vio thdi Nha Ld quydt dinh xay N h i van bia tien sT dat tai Van Mieu -Qudc Tir Giam Thang long, trong dd cd ghi mdt eau bat hii ddn ngay nay ehiing ta deu thude:"Hien tai la nguydn khi qudc gia Nguyen khi thinh thi the nude manh Nguyen khi suy thi the nude yeu m i thip hen Vi thd cie bac dd vuong thanli minh chang ai khdng eoi vide ken chpn kd si bdi dudng nhin tai, vun trdng nguyen khi lam cdng viec can kip Bdi vi kd sT cd quan he trpng dai vdi qudc gia nhu the, cho nen dupe quy chuong khdng biet dudng nao " (do Than Nhin Trung viet nam 1484 khic bia ghi ten cac tien si khoa nam 1442) Tiep ndi tmyen thdng Le Thanh Tdng, trong Chidu hpc Quang Tmng - Ngd Thdi Nham cting khang dinh:"Mudn xay dung dat nude, trudc hdt phai phat tridn giao due Mudn tri nudc, phai trpng dung nhan tai"
Tmydn thdng hidu hpc, coi trpng giao due, quy chuong nhan tai dupc tiep noi, phat huy manh me nhat, dat dinh cao mdi tir sau Cach mang thang Tim Ngay sau ngay tuydn bd Ddc lap (2-9-1945) Ho Chii Tich da vidt thu giri eic em hpc sinh nhan ngiy khai trudng dau tidn ciia nudc Viet Nam Din ehu Cpng hoi Btrc thu ngin gpn, gian di, gan gui vdi cac em bpc sinh, rat xuc tich, ham chiia Tridt ly ciia ndn giio due cua nudc Viet Nam ddc lap: "Mdt dan tdc ddt l i mdt dan tdc yeu"', d doan sau trong thu Bic cdn chi ra, rang khdng dupe hpc "nudc nha bi ydu hen", "kem cdi" - ciu ndi da trd thanh mpt ngpn duoc trong dudng ldi each mang nudc ta; tir nam ay bing cau cbir ddi thudng
Hd Chu Tich da ndi ldn vai trd cue ky quan trpng ciia giao due ddi vdi cdng eudc kidn thiet dat nudc: "Trong cdng cudc kidn thiet dd, nudc nha trdng mong chd dai d cac em
GS.TSKH,; Chu tich Hoi Khoa hoc tam ly - giao due Viet Nam
1 8 Nghien ciiu Con ngudi so 1 (46) 2010
Trang 2Nlid trudng Viet Nam
rat nhieu Non sdng Viet Nam cd trd nen tuoi dep hay khdng dan tdc Viet Nam cd budc
tdi dai vinh quang de sanh vai vdi cac cudng qudc nam chau dupc hay khdng, chinh la
nhd mdt phan ldn d cdng hpc tap ciia cac em"'
Hai eau trich din tren ndi ldn sii menh va nhiem vu cua giao due la ndi dung thiet
yeu trong tridt ly giao due di theo sir trudng tdn ctia dan tdc Chi mdt ngay (hay mdt vai
ngay) ngay sau khi dpe Tuyen ngdn ddc lap, Hd Chii Tich tuyen bd: ndn giao diic mdi
ciia chung ta la "ndn giao due hoan toan Viet Nam" - "nen giao due ciia mdt nudc ddc
lap", ma nhirng ngudi lam giao due chiing ta, ngay trudc, bay gid, va sau nay ludn ghi
long tac da, eoi dd la cdt ldi eua triet ly giao due phai quan triet vao chidn luac, muc
tieu va ke hoaeh boat ddng day va bpc, hoat ddng trong trudng cting nhu ngoai trudng,
vao timg mdn hpc, cbii trpng thich dang day va hpc qudc ngir, qudc van, qudc su va dia
ly nudc nha (ei bdn mdn hpc nay dang ddu cd nhidu bit cap) Nhan day, tdi xin dat vin
de can giai quyet dimg vide day ngoai ngir, day song ngtr hay day toan bing tidng nudc
ngoai (tieng Viet ehi cdn la mdt mdn hpc vai tieng mdt tuin!), rdng hon la cd trudng
day tre em ta bpc hoan toan theo chuang trinh nudc ngoai Khdng kheo mdt sd tre ta,
ndi nhu ngay xua, thanh "con Tay"!!! Nen giao due cua chimg ta, nlia trudng cua chiing
ta phai giao due va tir giao due ra nhung eon ngudi Viet nam vdi tam hdn "dam ban sac
dan tdc", ludn ludn nudi dudng tinh than dan tdc, "yeu nudc ndng nan, tu hao tu tdn
din tdc va khat vpng manh liet", the he ndi tiep the he, tiep budc cha anli, cdng nghiep
hoa (CNH), hidn dai boa (HDH) dat nudc va bao vd Td qudc (cac chir trong " "la trich
tir "Ket luan eua Bd Chinh tri" - gpi tat la "Ket luan") Luat giao due eiia nudc ta da ghi
ro: "dan tdc" la mdt trong nhiing tinh chat ciia ndn giao due Viet Nam ed Ca vdi cac
luu bpc sinh, sinh vien ta d nude ngoai ciing phai cd gang giiip dd hp tir giao diic, ren
luyen tinh than gan bd sir nghiep tien than vdi phung sir Td qudc (pham vi nay hien nay
dang gin nhu bd trdng) Trong tinh hinh hdi nhap - giao luu qudc te da phuang ngay
eing md rdng, phong phii hon trudc, nhung cung phirc tap ban nhidu "Ket luan" da ehi
rd: " giii vung ddc lap, tu chii, va dinli hudng xa hdi chu nghla, tirng budc tiep can nen
giao diic tien tien the gidi"
Tir ngay nudc ta gia nhap Td chirc Thuong mai The gidi (WTO), giao luu hpp tac
qudc te ve giao due da dupc tang cudng - mdt nlian td tich cue ma Chinli phu ta da tan
dung ngay trong nhiing nam thang chien tranh ac liet, nay cd dieu kien phat trien theo
hudng da phuong, rdng rai hon trudc, nhit la cae trudng nudc ngoai hoac cd yeu td
nudc ngoai da den vdi chung ta, chung ta hoan nghenh va cam on hp Mat khac, cd
nhieu lo lang ve quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi loai binh trudng nay Trudng dai hpc nudc
ngoai dupc md d ta tbeo td trinh cua Bd Ke hoach - dau tu, trudng md ra va tien hanh
tuyen sinh dao tao - lai khdng cd ai quan ly Ma ndi chung, den nay chua cd van ban
phap quy de cac trudng nay phai chap hanli; vdi cae trudng mam non, phd thdng nudc
ngoai hay cd ydu td nudc ngoai - tinh binh tuong tu: sd kd hoach - dau tu tham muu, uy
ban nhan dan cting cap quydt dinh, the la dupe md trudng, sau dd khdng cd hoac cd mdt
phan quan ly ciia co quan chuyen mdn Ndi chung, md trudng cd ydu td nudc ngoai hay
nudc ngoai trong thdi gian vira qua theo kieu du an dau tu nude ngoii, hau nhir it tinh
Nghien cuu Con ngudi so 1 (46) 2010 1 9
Trang 3Pham Mmh Hgc
den ndi dung, chuong trinh giao due, hp deu sir dung chuong trinh va giao trinh eua nudc hp; theo mdt nha quan ly mdt tmdng loai nay d Ha Npi, nhu bao Thanh nidn mdi dua tin ngay 6-11-2009, " eae van ban hudng dan thue thi phap luat (eiia ta - PMH bi ehu) khdng dii rd rang", ndn hp xir ly theo "y ehii quan cua ngudi duoc giao xir ly" Vin dd chii quyen giao due dang rat biic xiic Ddn ngudi nude ngoai edn khuydn chiing ta:"Vidt Nam la mdt qudc gia rpng ldn, va khdng the khoan trang ndn giao due dai hpc cho cic trudng dai bpc nudc ngoai" (TTXVN, 14-10-2009) Mdt giao su khac d My edn ndi thang ra rang nhieu ngudi Viet Nam "da sai lam khi cho rang mdt trudng dai hpc dupc xiy dimg hoin toin mdi theo thiet ke ciia mdt nhdm cie trudng dai bpc cua My se
la mdt md hinh thanh cdng trong giao due bac cao d Viet Nam" (TTXVN, 23-10-2009)^ Hon d dau bet v i hon bao gid bet, trong ITnh vuc giio due ngay nay cin neu cao Idng "tu hao, tu tdn dan tdc", lam sao ca nhtrng trudng, cac giang vien, sinh vien nudc ngoai hpp tac vdi ta cting phai tdn trpng truyen thdng van hoa, giao due Viet Nam, That viy, bon 60 nam thuc hidn ldi Bae day, tuy chua dupe nhu Bac va nhan dan mong mudn, nhung da xay dung dupe mdt he thdng giao due kha hoan chinh, dii stic thu hut gan 23 tridu ngudi di hpc tir mam non den tidn si (tmdc Cach mang cd 2,6% nay gan 30% dan cu dupc di hpc) dupe the gidi ghi nhin Cbiing ta cd dupc mdt nen giao due Viet Nam dao tao ldp Idrp ngudi gdp phan ximg dang trong chien tranh gianh ddc lap, kien qudc, ddi mdi dat nudc dang thoat khdi tinh trang kem phit trien "Ndn giao due ciia nudc Viet Nam ddc lap", tat nhidn, khdng tu man, ngay nay phii ddi mdi manh
me, toan dien, dao tao ra nhtrng eon ngudi nhin each tdt, tay nghd tdt, "dim ban sac dan tdc Viet Nam" Dang ta ludn coi trpng tinh dan tdc, tir nam 1943 trong tac phim ndi tieng "De cuong van boa" ciia ddng ehi Trudng Cbinh da ndu van boa v i giao due ciia
ta phai cd ba tinh chat "dan tdc, khoa hpc, dai chung" Tinh dan tdc ehira dung tinh dai chiing (nhan dan), va "dan toe" nhung khdng thii cuu, khdng dd eae thdi quen lac hau
"neo ao", ma nen giao due din tdc cua chimg ta da, dang va se phin dau dd trd thanh nen giao due tien tien trong nen van minh nhan loai, muoi nam nay thd bidn d phuang cham chuan hoa, bien dai boa (qudc td hoa), dan chii boa Thirc ra cd thd ndi: chuan boa theo hudng hien dai, ma hidn dai la trinli dp ciia cac nudc tidn tidn hidn nay dang thuc hien va dang tien tdi trong nay mai Lau nay chiing ta da cd nhting budc di theo hudng
dd, nhat la ndi dung, chuong trinh, sach giao khoa giao due phd thdng cung cap cho hpc sinh tdt nghiep phd thdng loai tren trung binh trd len ddu ed thd theo bpc dai hpc, cao dang, trudng chuyen nghiep, day nghe trong nudc va nudc ngoai; ddng thdi bi keu ca nhieu la qua tai, tham lam, dm ddm, cac mdn "tranh nhau" liy nhidu gid, cd cho chua hop ly, each trinh bay va phuang phap truydn dat nhidu cho bit cap, "phi su pham" Chien lupe phat trien giao due - dao tao 2001-2010 thue thi phuang ehim neu tren, tinh hinh dang ngdn ngang ehinh la d khu vuc day nghd va dai bpc, kdt qua la dao tao da phan khdng dap img ydu eau ciia ngudn nhan lire phuc vu CNH theo hudng hidn dai, nhieu tmdng dang chuydn ddi timg budc thu kdt qua budc diu Rat tiec, quan ly nha nudc d diy qua nhieu vin dd, xa hdi thidu ddng thuan, tir trung uong ddn dja phuong ehua thuc sir coi giao due va dao tao la qudc sach hang diu Didu cue ky quan trpng la lam sao phat trien diing hudng "xay dung mdt nen giao due tien tien, dan tdc, xa hdi chii
2 0 Nghien ciiU Con ngudi so 1 (46) 2010
Trang 4Nhd trudng Viet Nam
nghia" Nha trudng Viet Nam dao tao "nhiing cdng dan hiiu ich", nhu Chii tich Hd Chi
Minh da chi ra, phung su dit nudc Viet Nam phat trien trong thai md cira, hdi nhap
Theo dudng ldi dd, Chien lupe giao due - dao tao 2011-2020 phai tiep tuc CHAN
CHINH, CUNG CO, PHAT TRIEN, CHAN Hl/NG tir cac nha trudng cho ddn toan he
thdng, lam sao phuc vu dupe tien trinh CNH theo hudng hien dai dat nudc
Den nam 2020, khi nudc ta ve ca ban trd thanh nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng hien
dai, thi can cd dii trudng ldp tbeo dung chuan qudc gia, ed dii dpi ngii nha giao va can
bd quan ly dting chuan ca ve dao dire nha giao lan tay nghd day hpc va giao due, ed du
sach giao khoa, tai lieu day va hpc vdi cac phuong tien giang day dat trinh dp khu vuc
va qudc te Khdng dam bao ba dieu kidn nay trdn pham vi ca nudc - khdng ndi gi ddn
chuyen dam bao chat lupng ea dai tra lan mtii nhpn Ngoai ra, nha tmdng Viet Nam
trong nen giao due tidn tidn, dam ban sac dan tdc la nha tmdng tmydn dat dupc cho
ngudi hpc thim nhuan He gia tri Viet Nam, nhu da trinh bay phan nao trong bai "Giao
diic gia tri" Trdn co sd nhirng gia tri chung (gia tri vTnh cim) ciia loai ngudi, nhu hoa
binh, hpp tac, phat trien, sdng theo hudng "Chan, Thien, My", He gia tri ciia mdi qudc
gia - dan tdc bao gdm cac gia tri tam ly ndi tai (thai dp gia tri) cua cac thanh vien gpi la
"gia tri ban than"(cd khi gpi la "gia tri nhan each") do giao due va tu giao due hinh
thanh nen, tirng ngudi phat huy va dupe xa bdi trpng dung, tap hop lai thanh siic manh
ciia cdng ddng qudc gia - dan tdc, phan anh ban sac van boa (tinh than dan tdc, tam ly
dan tdc, tam hdn dan tdc - "qudc hdn, qudc tuy") ciia cac dan tdc sinh sdng tren lanh
thd ciia qudc gia do He gia tri cua nudc ta dudi khau bieu bao triim vi "dan giau, nudc
manh, xa hpi cdng bang, dan chii, van minh" Dudi dang tdng hop He gia tri, nen dupc
giang day (ket hpp trong eae bd mdn) trong tmdng hpc, lam ndi quy cho cac td chirc, ea
quan, xi nghidp , ndi chung, lam tieu chi tinh than, tam ly, dao diic, nhan each cho mpi
ngudi phin dau Budc dau tdi dd xuat may gia tri cbinh yeu sau: (1) Long yeu nudc va
tinh than dan tdc; (2) Tinh than trach nhiem vdi cdng ddng, xa hdi, dat nudc; (3) Dan
chu; (4) Cham hpc, cham lam; (5) Khoa bpc, tac phong cdng nghiep; (6) Chinh true:
chan that, dung dan, liem khiet; (7) Luong thidn: quan he ngudi - ngudi tdt dep; (8) Gia
dinh hieu thao; (9) Sang tao Vdi nghia chung ciia cae gia tri nay
Tai lieu tham khao:
1 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, t.4, tr 32-33 Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Npi, 1995,
2 Tue Nguyen Chdt luang trir&ng qudc te chua ximg v&i hpc phi Bao Thanh nien,
6-11-2009
3 Vien ASH, Trudng cong Kennedy, Dai hpc Havard (My) Gido due dgi hpc a Viet Nam
-Cupc khung hodng vd phdn img Tai lieu tham khao (TLTK) Thdng tan xa Viet Nam (TTXVN),
14-10-2009
4 Neal Koblizt Ve vdn de cdi cdch gido due bac cao & Viet Nam TLTK,TTXVN,
23-10-2009
5 Pham Minh Hac Gido due gid tri Tap chi Khoa hpc giao due, sd 37 thang 10- 2008
Nghien ctiu Con ngudi s61 (46) 2010 21