GIAO AN TU CHON 10 CB

PERIOD 10 + 11 Preparing date: Teaching Date: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns) như : who, whom, which, whose, that. - The man who met me at the airport gave me the money. Trong câu trên, mệnh đề “who met me at the airport” là mệnh đề quan hệ trong đó “who” là đại từ quan hệ được dùng để thay thế tiền vò từ (antecedent) “the man” và mệnh đề còn lại “The man gave me the money” là mệnh đề chính. 1/ ví dụ : - The man gave me the money. He met me at the airport.  The man who met me at the airport gave me the money. - This is the man. We saw him at the party yesreday.  This is the man whom we saw at the party yesterday. - The pencil belongs to me. It is in your pocket.  The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me. - The car is very expensive. He bought it.  The car which he bought is very expensive. - There is the man. His wallet was stolen.  There is the man whose wallet was stolen. - The tree should be cut down. The branches of the tree are dead.  The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down. 2/ Cách dùng đại từ quan hệ: Chủ từ (subject) Túc từ (object) Sở hữu (possessive) For people (Chỉ người) Who / that whom / who / that whose For things, animals (chỉ vật, thú vật) Which / that which / that whose Thông thường ta có thể dùng that để thay thế cho who, whom hoặc which. - The man that met me at the airport gave me the money. - This is the man that we saw at the party yesterday. - The pencil that is in your pocket belongs to me. - The car that he bought is very expensive. 3/ Phân loại : Ta cần phân biệt mệnh đề quan hệ làm hai loại : mệnh đề xác đònh (defining relative clause) và mệnh đề không xác đònh (non-defining relative clause) : (*) Defining clause:(hoặc Restrictive clause) - The man who met me at the airport gave me the money. Ta gọi mệnh đề who met me at the airport là mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh vì nó rất cần thiết để đònh nghóa hoặc giải thích cho tiền vò từ the man. Nếu không có nó, từ the man sẽ rất mơ hồ và ta không biết người đàn ông đó là ai. - The book (which / that) you lent me is very interesting. - The man (whom / that) you met yesterday is coming to my house for dinner. (*) Non-defining clause : (hoặc Non-restrictive clause) - Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616. Ta gọi mệnh đề who wrote “Romeo and Juliet” là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh vì nó chỉ bổ túc thêm nghóa cho tiền vò từ Shakespeare nên dù có bỏ đi mệnh đề này thì nghóa của câu văn vẫn rõ ràng. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh thường được ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy (trước và sau mệnh đề) và không được dùng that để thay thế cho who, whom hay which. - My brother Jack, who came here last night, is an engineer. - That house, which was built a few months ago, doesn’t look modern. - Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh được dùng khi tiền vò từ là tiếng được xác đònh : thường là danh từ riêng chỉ người hay đòa danh (Mr. Brown, Vietnam…), hoặc danh từ đi với các tính từ chỉ đònh (this, that…) hay tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their…) hoặc do ta tự qui đònh lấy. - A man, who said he knew my father, asked me for money. 4/ where, when và why trong mệnh đề quan hệ : - That is the village in which I used to live.  That is the village where I used to live. - Sunday is the day on which most people rest.  Sunday is the day when most people rest. - There must be a reason for which you said that.  There must be a reason why you said that. In (on / at) which --- (place)--  where On (in / at) which ---(time )--  when For which --(reason)--  why Where và when có thể được dùng để giới thiệu mệnh đề xác đònh và mệnh đề không xác đònh. - We visited the town where I was born.(defining) - I bought them at the supermarket, where I met Mrs.Brown.(non-defining) - I saw the film last year, when I was in Paris.(non-defining) - I think that was the time when I lost all my money.(defining) Why thường được dùng trong mệnh đề xác đònh và thường theo sau a reason hay the reason. - That is the reason why I didn’t come to the party yesterday. Where, when và why được gọi là trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs) EXERCISE I : Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences : 1/ Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ? 2/ Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party. 3/ This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds. 4/ Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry. 5/ Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ? 6/ The house, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely. 7/ Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday. 8/ Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ? 9/ The dog, ___________ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking. 10/ I didn’t receive the letters ___________ she sent me. 11/ My mother, ___________ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised. 12/ The old man, ___________ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building. 13/ The horse, ___________ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened. 14/ We didn’t like the secetary ___________ the agency sent. 15/ I didn’t find the money ___________ you said you’d left. EXERCISE II : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns : 1/ This is the man. I met him in Paris. - ________________________________________________ 2/ I wanted the painting. You bought it. - ________________________________________________ 3/ This is the chair. My parents gave it to me. - ________________________________________________ 4/ She’s the woman. She telephoned the police. - ________________________________________________ 5/ He’s the person. He wanted to buy your house. - ________________________________________________ 6/ We threw out the computer. It never worked properly. - ________________________________________________ 7/ This is the lion. It’s been ill recently. - ________________________________________________ 8/ The man was badly injured. He was driving the car. - ________________________________________________ 9/ The children broke the window. They live in the next street. - ________________________________________________ 10/ That’s the woman. I was telling you about her. - ________________________________________________ EXERCISE III : Combine these pairs of sentences using relative pronouns: 1/ There’s the lady. Her dog was killed. - ________________________________________________ 2/ That’s the man. He’s going to buy the company. - ________________________________________________ 3/ He’s the person. His car was stolen. - ________________________________________________ 4/ She’s the new doctor.The doctor’s coming to the hospital next week. - ________________________________________________ 5/ She’s the journalist. Her article was on the front page of The Times. - ________________________________________________ 6/ They’re the people. Their shop burned down last week. - ________________________________________________ 7/ That’s the sales director. He’s leaving in March. - ________________________________________________ 8/ I’m the person. You stayed in my flat. - ________________________________________________ 9/ That’s the boy. He’s just got a place at university. - ________________________________________________ 10/ I’m the one. My flat was broken into. - ________________________________________________ EXERCISE IV : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns : 1/ The man didn’t come back again. I shouted at him. - ________________________________________________ 2/ The television never worked again. I dropped it - ________________________________________________ 3/ The machine was broken. I hired it. - ________________________________________________ 4/ The clothes were beautiful. She bought some clothes. - ________________________________________________ 5/ The wall fell down after three weeks. They built the wall. - ________________________________________________ 6/ The policeman wasn’t very helpful. I asked him. - ________________________________________________ 7/ I didn’t really like the car. We bought it. - ________________________________________________ 8/ I lost the money. I borrowed it from John. - ________________________________________________ 9/ I really liked the new teacher. They sent the new teacher. - ________________________________________________ 10/ I sacked a sales assistant. I had a terrible argument with him. - ________________________________________________ EXERCISE V : Write where, when, or why to complete these sentences. 1/ We visited the school ___________ my father taught. 2/ I met her last month, ___________ she came to our house. 3/ We all looked at the place ___________ the fire had started. 4/ Did they tell you the reason ___________ they were late? 5/ The cat sat on the wall ___________ it had a good view of the birds. 6/ They arrived in the evening, at a time ___________ we were all out. 7/ I couldn’t understand the reason ___________ they were so rude. 8/ I met him in the cafeù ___________ he was working as a waiter. 9/ I listen to music late at night, ___________ the children have gone to bed. 10/ I bought them in August, ___________ I was in France. EXERCISE VI : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns or adverbs. 1/ We need a room. We can study in that room. - ________________________________________________ 2/ Swimming makes people strong. It is a good sport. - ________________________________________________ 3/ This is Mrs.Jones. Her son won the championship last year. - ________________________________________________ 4/ The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel. Their house had been destroyed in the explosion. - ________________________________________________ 5/ He invited her to eat out on a day. It rained heavily on that day. - ________________________________________________ 6/ The house was built in 1945. They are living in that house. - ________________________________________________ 7/ The reason was that he didn’t want to make her worried. He didn’t tell the truth for that reason. - ________________________________________________ 8/ The day was sunny. She arrived on that day. - ________________________________________________ 9/ I know the woman. You bought the car from her son. - ________________________________________________ 10/ Are you the man ? The man won the first prize. Period: 12 Preparing date: Teaching date: SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE FUTURE VÀ THÌ FUTURE CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Future (Tương Lai Đơn) diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra (có hoặc không có thời gian xác đònh ở tương lai); còn thì Future Continuous (Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn) diễn tả một hành động liên tiến tại điểm thời gian xác đònh ở tương lai. - He will go to the stadium next Sunday. - We will / shall have the final test. Hãy so sánh : - I will eat breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. (Vào lúc 6 giờ sáng mai, tôi sẽ bắt đầu dùng bữa điểm tâm.) - I will be eating breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. (Vào lúc 6 giờ sáng mai, tôi sẽ đang dùng bữa điểm tâm.) + Trong các mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian (adverb clause of time) hay mệnh đề điều kiện (adverb clause of condition), thì Simple Present được dùng để thay thế cho thì Simple Future. - I shall not go until I see him. - If he comes tomorrow, he will do it. + Chú ý : WILL còn được dùng cho tất cả các ngôi. Exercise VIII : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense. 1/ We (go) __________ out when the rain (stop) __________. 2/ I (stay) _________ here until he (answer) __________ me. 3/ Wait until I (catch) __________ you. 4/ I (be) _________ ready before you (count) _________ ten. 5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) __________ out. 6/ Miss Helen (help) ___________ you as soon as she (finish) _________ that letter. 7/ He (tell) _________ you when you (get) __________ there. 8/ She (not come) __________ until you (be) _________ ready. 9/ He (tell) __________ you when you (ask) __________ him. 10/ I (come) ________ and (see) _________ you before I (leave) ________ for England. Period: 13 +14 Preparing date: Teaching date: FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT CONTINUOS TENSE + EXERCISES * Thì Simple Present được dùng để chỉ một hành động diễn ra trong thời gian nói chung, không nhất thiết phải là thời gian ở hiện tại. Thời gian nói chung là thời gian mà sự việc diễn ra mỗi ngày (every day), mỗi tuần (every week), mỗi tháng (every month), mỗi năm (every year), mỗi mùa (every spring / summer / autumn / winter)… - He goes to school every day. - Mrs Brown travels every summer. * Thì Present Continuous được dùng để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra (a current activity) hay một sự việc chúng ta đang làm bây giờ (now/ at present/ at this moment), hôm nay (today), tuần này (this week), năm nay (this year)… - We are learning English now. - Mary is playing the piano at the moment. Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day. - I’m working in a bakery this week. * CHÚ Ý : (1) + Thì Simple Present thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tri giác (verbs of perception) như : feel, see, hear… và các động từ chỉ trạng thái như : know, understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe… + Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present với động từ : be, appear, belong, have to… + Thì Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập đi lập lại (adverbs of frequency) như : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally, rarely, never… - That child needs care. - This book belongs to me. - He never comes late. + Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present để chỉ một chân lý hay một sự thật hiển nhiên (a general truth). - The sun rises in the east. - Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom. (2) Thì Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một tương lai gần (a near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next summer… Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense. 1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day. 2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer. 3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now. 4/ She (go) __________ to school every day. 5/ We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment. 6/ Miss Helen (read) ___________ a newspaper now. 7/ It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now. 8/ Bad students never (work) __________ hard. 9/ He generally (sing) __________ in English, but today he (sing) __________ in Spanish. 10/ We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30. 11/ She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market. 12/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________. 13/ We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully. 14/ Look. A man (run) ___________ after the train. He (want) ___________ to catch it. 15/ It (be) __________ very cold now. 16/ John (travel) __________ to England tomorrow. 17/ I (need) ____________ some money for my textbooks. 18/ Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums. 19/ Mary (love) __________ ice-cream. 20/ My mother (cook) ___________ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) __________ in the mornings. 21/ I often (leave) __________ the city at weekends. 22/ The guests (watch) __________ the TV programmes now. 23/ I (see) ___________ you (wear) ___________ your best clothes. 24/ The sun (set)___________ in the west. 25/ My friend (study) __________ English for an hour every night. 26/ Listen. I (hear)___________ someone knocking at the front door. 27/ I (do) __________ an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) __________ that I (know) __________ how to use it now. 28/ Honesty (be) __________ the best policy. 29/ The earth (goes) __________ round the sun. 30/ Two and two (make) __________ four. Period: 15 Preparing date: Teaching date: PAST CONTINUOS + EXERCISES + Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ tương ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ. - I met him while he was crossing the street. - She was going home when she saw an accident. + Thì Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác đònh ở quá khứ hoặc hai hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau. - My father was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night. - I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. Exercise V : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense. 1/ He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him. 2/ When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________. 3/ The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea. 4/ When it (rain) __________ , she(carry) __________ an umbrella. 5/ We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain. 6/ He (teach) __________ English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) __________ as a journalist. 7/ The house (burn) __________ fast, so we (break) __________ the window to get out. 8/ He (eat) __________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________ to him. 9/ The servant (drop) __________ two cups while she (wash up) __________ last night; neither of them (break) __________. 10/ While I (write) __________ a letter, the telephone (ring) __________; as he (go) __________ to answer it, he (hear) __________ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) __________ while he (walk) __________ to the door, but just as he (open) __________ it, it (stop) __________. Period: 16 Preparing date: Teaching date: PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ kết quả của một tình trạng ở hiện tại (the result of the present state), một việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời điểm, lập đi lập lại nhiều lần và kéo dài đến hiện tại. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ sự tiếp diễn của một hành động (the continuity of an action) cho tới hiện tại. - I have been waiting for two hours, but she has not come yet. - He has been living here since 1975. - We have been working in the garden all morning. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous còn được dùng với các động từ như : lie, wait, sit, stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay… - They have been learning English since 1995. - The chair has been lying in the store window for ages. Exercise III : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense. 1/ I (try) __________ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) __________ yet. 2/ She (read) _________ all the works of Dickens.How many (you read) _________ ? 3/ I (wait) __________ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) __________ to come ? 4/ Mary (rest) __________ in the garden all day because she (be) __________ ill. 5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __________ his degree yet. 6/ Jack (go) __________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) __________ there. 7/ We (live) __________ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) __________ to move. 8/ That book ( lie) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not read) _________ it yet ? 9/ He (not be) ___________ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) __________ since then. 10/ He (lose) ___________ his books. He (look) ____________ for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) ___________ yet. 11/ She (work) ___________ so hard this week that she (not have) ___________ time to go to the cinema. 12/ Your hair is wet. (You swim) __________ for a long time ? 13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)__________ cars for six years. 14/ You look very tired. (You work) __________very hard ? 15/ The phone (ring) __________ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) __________ it yet. Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses. 1/ I (be) __________ sorry. I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name already. 2/ Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June. 3/ I (have) __________ no trouble with my english lessons up to now. 4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months. 5/ Michael (work) __________ 38 hours a week. 6/ At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel. 7/ George (do) __________ good work in this class so far. 8/ The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July . 9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours. 10/ Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door. 11/ How long (you learn) __________ English? 12/ That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now. 13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vienamese-English dictionary. 14/ Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University. 15/ The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days. 16/ That grandfather clock (stand) __________ there for as long as I can remember. 17/ That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr.Rice. 18/ Jim (work) __________ on his report this year. 19/ Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon. 20/ That museum (stand) ___________ here for ceturies. 21/ The sun (get) __________ very hot during the afternoon. 22/ Tom (buy) ___________ a new car next week. 23/ The boys and girls (go) ___________ home after this lesson. 24/ Davis (play) __________ football every afternoon. 25/ Up to the present, we (write) __________ almost every lesson in this book. . thời gian nói chung, không nhất thiết phải là thời gian ở hiện tại. Thời gian nói chung là thời gian mà sự việc diễn ra mỗi ngày (every day), mỗi tu n (every. để thay thế tiền vò từ (antecedent) “the man” và mệnh đề còn lại “The man gave me the money” là mệnh đề chính. 1/ ví dụ : - The man gave me the money. He