Đánh giá thực trạng và đề xuất giải pháp nhằm tăng cường sự ổn định các vùng tái định cư ở mai sơn thuộc nhà máy thủy điện sơn la

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRITCJNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN Hc^^^:!^^^^^: DANH GIA THUC TRANG VA DE XUAT GIAI PHAP NHAM TANG CUdNG SU ON DINH CAC VUNG TAI DINH CU d MAI SON THUOC NHA MAY THUY DIEN SON LA ^^ MA SO: QG-05-47 CHU TRI DE TAI: PGS.TS NGUYEN XUAN CU UA, MOC Q U O C GiA - M N O ' FRurgG TAM THONG T I N TMU V I E N f r (^ f C HA NOI - 2007 DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRirClNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN DANH GIA THUC TRANG vA DE XUAT GIAI PHAP N H A M TANG CUdNG SUON DINH CAC VUNG TAI DINH CUd MAI SON THUOC NHA MAY THUY DIEN SON LA MA SO: QG-05-47 CHU TRI D£ TAI: PCS TS Nguyen Xuan Cu CAC CAN BO THAM GIA: PGS.TS Le Diic ThS Tran Thi Tuyet Thu ThS Nguyin Quoc Viet CN Vu Quang Giang CN Nguyen Xuan Huan CN Cam Chfnh Nghia CN Ngo Van Gidi ThS Nguyin Trong Dac HA NOI - 2007 A BAO CAO TOM TAT l.Tendetai: Ddnh gid thuc trang vd de xudt gidi phdp nhdm tdng cu&ng su on dinh cdc viing tdi dinh cua Mai San thuoc nhd mdy thuy dien San La Ma so: QG-05-47 Chu tri de tai: PGS.TS Nguyin Xuan Cir Cac can bo tham gia: PGS.TS Le Dii-c ThS Tran Thi Tuyet Thu ThS Nguyen Quoc Viet CN Vu Quang Giang CN Nguyen Xuan Huan CN Cam Chfnh NghTa CN Ngo Van Gidi ThS Nguydn Trong DSc Miic tieu va noi dung nghien ciiu: - Muc tieu nghien ciJu: Phan tfch thirc trang va tim cac nguyen nhan gay mat 6n dinh cac khu tai dinh eu d Mai San, San La Xay dung ca sd khoa hoc va de xuat giai phap gdp phan on dinh san xuat va tang cudng sir ben vung cac viing tai dinh c\x nghien cuu - Noi dung nghien ciiu: Phan tfch cac dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te xa hoi va van 6t su dung ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien tren dia ban huyen Mai Son, tap trung vao cac xa diem nghien cuu Phan tfch cac he thdng su dung dat va hieu qua cac md hinh canh tac hien cd Xac dinh tfnh ben virng va nhirng nguyen nhan gay mat dn dinh d cac khu tai dinh cu De xua't cac giai phap nham tang cudng su dn dinh cac viing tai dinh cu tren ca sd sir dung hap ly tai nguyen thien nhien d dia phuang Cac ket qua dat duac : d nude ta tai dinh cu la mot nhirng cdng tac ldn dugc Dang va Nha nuac rat quan tam, nhien viec thue hien cong tac vao nhirng thai ki khac van nhieu ba't cap Trong giai doan dau, vai each quan ly cua nen kinh te thai kl bao cap viec giai phong mat bang eon mang tfnh menh lenh hoac chu yeu dua vao tuyen truyen, van dong Den thai ki doi mdi, mot mat van de so hiru dat dai, mat khac de phii hgp vai yeu cau ciia nen kinh te ma, cong tac di dan tai dinh cu da co nhirng thay d6i lan, tham chi duge dua len hang cac dieu kien tien quyel cho nhirng quyet dinh cap von Tuy vay, nhung diem tai dinh cu dat yeu cau rat ft Nguyen nhan chfnh ciia tinh trang la thieu sir quan tam den cong tac quy hoach, danh gia diing thuc trang tai nguyen khu vuc TDC va chua xay dung dugc mo hinh di dan tai dinh cu thfch hgp Mai San la mgt huyen mien mii phia Tay Bac co tai nguyen dat phong phii va da dang vai tdng dien tich dat tu nhien la 142.821 ha, dien tich dat nong nghiep 35.972,21 (25,19%), dien tfch dat lam nghiep 55.202,11 (38,65%) va dat chua sir dung co kha nang lam nghiep co dien tfch 43.076,55 (30,16%) Ben canh Mai San co nguon nhan lire doi dao, khf hau thai tiet phii hgp cho viec phat trien n6ng lam nghiep da dang, dac biet la cay an qua co gia tri cao nhu nhan, xoai man ma va cac cay cong nghiep nhu ca phe, che, mia Tuy nhien cac loai hinh sir dung sir dung dat doc a Mai San hien van mang tfnh quang canh dgc canh la chfnh; tinh trang xoi mon dat van liep dien; thu hoach co ky thuat bao quan du tiu che bien thieu, thi truang khong on dinh nen chua thiic day qua trinh san xuat han" hoa Qua trinh chuyen doi cac loai hinh sir dung dat doc nhimg nam qua da dien manh me a Mai Son Da hinh he thong canh tac nong - lam ket hgp gan li^n viec phat trien rirng, cay nong nghiep vai cay cong nghiep va chan nuoi dai gia siic Cac nuang rSy du canh truyen thong da chuyen sang du canh theo chu ky ngan va nuang rSy dinh canh Tren khu vuc canh tac nuang rSy da thuc hien tang vu dua da't nuong ray dinh canh dgc eanh vu liia nuang, ngo nuong len vu/nam, he so sir dung da't nuong ray da tang len tir 0,7 lan len 1,3 lan Su chuyen ddi mgt bg phan da't ddc sang phat trien vucm doi, trang trai, hinh cac viing chuyen canh ca phe, mia, che va cay an qua da dem lai hieu qua kinh te, hieu qua xa hgi va moi truang ro net Gia tri san xua't tren da't ddc da tang tir 10 trieu dong/nam len 20 - 30 trieu ddng/nam, giai quyel mgt bg phan ngudi lao dgng co viec lam, tang thu nhap, xoa dugc doi, giam dugc ngheo, dat trdng ddi mii trgc tung budc thu hep, tlnh trang xoi mon, thoai hoa dat giam di dang ke Hien nay, Mai Son dugc chgn la viing trgng diem ciia cong tac tai dinh cu tir du an xay dung Nha may thuy dien Son La, vdi hon mgt nghin hg dan Thuc trang cac khu tai dinh cu d Mai Son ndi rieng va Son La ndi chung la rat khac nhung nhin chung cdn gap rat nhieu khd khan va chua nhieu nguy co gay anh hudng xau den ddi sdng cua ngudi dan Vdi mdi khu tai dinh cu nghien curu cd nhirng dac thii rieng ve hinh thurc va thdi gian tai dinh khac Vdi cgng ddng ngudi dan di cu lam kinh te mdi (Ban Na Cang), hay tir cong trinh thuy dien Hda Binh (Ban Tien Son) mac dii chfnh sach hd trg cua Nha nudc khong nhieu nhung tai thdi diem nghien cuu ddi sdng Clia cac cgng ddng da kha dn dinh va dang timg budc xay dung cgng ddng theo hudng ben virng Cac dieu kien ve co sd tang ciia cac cgng ddng da tuong ddi hoan thien Nong nghiep phat trien manh dac biet la chan nuoi d Na Cang va cac ban deu trdng mia nguyen lieu cho nha may, day la ngudn thu nhap chfnh cho cac cgng ddng Ngugc lai, vdi cac khu mdi tai djnh cu tir du an thuy dien Son La nhu Pu Nhudng thi ddi sdng ciia cgng ddng van chua dn dinh va da xuat hien nhieu van de birc xuc Cac nhu cau tdi thieu cho ngudi dan cdn thieu tram irgng nhu nudc sinh hoat dat canh tac, co sd tSng Tien den bu tai dinh cu dugc trg cap tir du an khong dugc sir dung diing muc dfch Dia diem tai dinh cu mdi chua dap ung nhimg nhu cau co ban de dam bao mgt ddi sdng dn dinh, da cd nhieu hg da tu y bd ve ndi d cu Miic ben vung hien thdi ciia ban tai dinh cu nghien cuu dugc xep theo thii' tu giam dSn tir Na Cang den Tien Son va Na Nhung Na Cang dang d muc ben virng tiem nang, hai ban Tien Son va Na Nhung cd miic ben virng trung binh Nhirng nguyen nhan cd nguy co gay mat dn dinh cho cac khu TDC d Son La la thieu CO sd tai nguyen nhu da't ndng nghiep, nudc sinh hoat va san xuat, dien tfch rirng bi suy giam Mat khac phai thay ddi tap quan sinh hoat va san xuat ngudi dan khd chuyen ddi nghe san xuat thdi quen lau Da sd cgng ddng tai dinh cu cd trinh van hda tha'p, sd ngudi biet tieng kinh khdng nhieu Day la mgt trd ngai ldn tiep thu nhirng chu chuang, chfnh sach va cac qua trinh chuyen giao cdng nghe ciia Dang va Nha nudc Dai bg phan ngudi dan cdn thieu kinh nghiem canh tac nuong ray cung nhu chuyen ddi san xuat theo cac dac diem ciia noi d mdi De nang cao tmh ben virng cho cac cgng ddng nghien curu can thuc hien ddng thdi cac giai phap ve luat phap, ehfnh sach va the che; cac giai phap ve kinh te; cac giai phap giao due truyen thdng va cac giai phap khoa hgc ky thuat Cu the can dac biet quan tam tdi cdng tac chuan bi, bd trf cac noi d mdi cd kha nang dap irng dieu kien sdng va san xuat cho cgng ddng; viec xay dung cgng ddng doan ket, phai huy van hda dan tgc; cdng tac td churc dao tao lap huan hudng dan chuyen ddi san xuat: hd trg nang cao y thirc ciia cgng ddng ve bao ve mdi trudng va DDSH Tinh hinh kinh phi ciia de tai: Tdng kinh phf ciia de tai: 60.000.000 d (Sau muoi trieu ddng chan) Kinh phi da su dung: 60.000.000 d KHOA QUAN LY CHU TRI DE TAI (Ky va ghi r5 ho ten) (Ky va ghi ro ho ten Mumi TS Nguyen Thi Ha PGS.TS Nguyen Xuan Cir TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN OHO HIEU TRIONG- GS.lS.^^^yi^ ^/^A*' ABSTRACT Project Title: Investigation the situation and proposal solutions for improving stability of resettlement of Son La Hydro-Power plant in Mai Son Project Code: QG-05-47 Project Coordinator: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Xuan Cu Key implementors: Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Due MSc Tran Thi Tuyet Thu MSc Nguyen Quoc Viet BSc Vu Quang Giang BSc Nguyen Xuan Huan BSc Cam Chinh Nghia BSc Ngo Van Gioi MSc Nguyen Trong Dac Aims and Objectives: - The aims: Analyze present situation and identify the main reasons of instability of resettlement areas in Mai Son, Son La Proposal scientific basses and solutions for improving sustainability of the resettlement areas - The research contents: Analyze natural and socio-economic conditions, and natural resource use in Mai Son; focus on the researched villages Economic analysise of main land use systems in the region Determine the sustainabihty and the reasons that cause unstable of the research villages Propose solution to improve the sustability based on proper natural use in the local The results: In Vietnam, resettlement is considered as one of the main issues of the Nation However, it is still problem up to present In the pass, the resettlement processes are presses from government or local authorities But now, it is also considered with the willing of the peoples There are lots of problems of the resettlement, e.g policies, resources and construction of resettlement models Son La is a province with large projects of resettlement for Hydropower plans construction In fact, the resettlement projects usually have problems because of limited resources So that il is sometime not successful The project pays attention to evaluate the present status and sustainability of some resettlement areas, and identify the main reasons of instability of resettlement areas in Mai Son, Son La Scientific basses and solutions for improving sustainability of the resettlement areas are also proposed Mai Son is a mountain district in the North-West The natural area of Mai Son is 142.821 Among these, there are 35.972,21 (25.19%) of agriculture land; 55,202.11 (38.65%) of forestry land, 43,076.55 (30.16%) of open land with potential for forestry Mai Son also has the suitable climate conditions for agriculture development with diversity of crops, fruit and forest trees In general, the agriculture production in Mai Son, now, is characterized by extensive and monoculture techniques and lacking food processing after harvest The main problems of land use is soil erosion and soil degradation that cause low crop yields and low standard of people lives In the pass decades, the purpose of land use change quickly in Mai Son The development of agro-forestry systems are researched and improved Forest plantation, intensive agriculture and husbandry are applied The techniques of shifting agriculture are replaced by fixed milpas Sloping land are used for house-gardens, hill-gardens and farming systems Some crops are grown popular with large areas, i.e sugar cane, tea plant, coffee and fruit trees The economic value increased 10 mills VND/ha.year to 20 - 30 mills VND/ha.year In additional, it creates jobs, poverty elimination and decrease open land with bare hill At present, Mai Son district is selected as an important resettlement area for Son La Hydro power plant with more than one thousand households The situation of each resettlement in Mai Son in particular, and in Son La in general, now are quite different and generally not meet the people demand Na Cang village (resettlement caused by new economic program) and Tien Son (resettlement caused by construction of Hoa Binh hydro power plant) are more or less considered as sustainability These villages are establishing for long time So that the infrastructure is available and contribute to economic growth The agriculture, including crop production and husbandry are improvement It might be supply enough food and stuff for local people and economic growth in the region In the cases of resettlements of Son La hydropower plant, e.g Pu Nhuong village, the hfehood of famers are very difficant The main supply for people is not meet the demand, e.g shortage of water supply, limitation of rarable land, poor in infrastructure The financial support from government are misuse fos many requirement The resettled areas are un suitable So that there are many ouseholds has returned to their homeland The sustaibility of three researched villages are decreased from Na Cang to Tien Son and Na Nhung Na Cang is at the potential stability, while both two rest villages, i.e Tien Son and Na Nhung are at the medium level of sustability The sustainability of Tien Son is little higher than that in Na Nhung because of more Thirc trang va nhimg giai phap nhim nftn^ cao 11 Bang Ket qui nghien ctAj va tfnh cac chf so dtfn —, , , • Ban Ti^n Son uien iich aat san xuat Dudc cap (m^) Theo thoa thuan (m^) ' Ban hid Nhuna '-^ 1.750 2.500 Tf\&6a{fe1{%) 0,7 1.560 2.500 0.624 12 12 0,75 0.67 17 18 36 37 0,94 0.97 15,5 29,3 0,53 21,0 31,3 0,67 49,2 55,1 0,89 72.5 86.2 0,84 72 207 77 356 0,35 0,21 142 159 179 249 0,89 0,72 Khi nang cung cap ni/iJc tronq nam Sd thang 6u ntfdc S6 thang nam Ty 1^ dat Ie2 (%) Tre em khong bi viem phoi Sd trS em dudi tudi khdng bi vi6m phdi Tdng sd tr^ em duof tudi Tyl6dat/e3(%) Dien tfch che phu Kmg Dd che phu amg hi^n tai (%) Dd che phu rtmg tardc Ichi cd du an (%) T^ 16 dat Ie4 (%) Dat difoc sir dung hgp ly Di6n tfch dat sur dung hop ly (ha) Tdng di^n tfch dat tir nhi6n (ha) T9l6dat/e5(%) So dan co bao hiem y te So ngudi cd bao hiem y t^ Tdng dan sd Tyiadat//jf(%) So ngUdi tren 15 tuoi biet chi7 Sd ngudi tr6n 15 tudi biet cha Tdng sd ngudi tr6n 15 tudi Tyl6dat//)2(%) Ho chap hanh chfnh sach Nha node va hU(7ng i/dc tCrmiiC tnjng binh trd len Sd hd chap hanh dung Tdng sd hd T9l6dat/W(%) 46 50 57 63 0,92 0,90 17 22 0,23 0,14 NCrtham gia cac buoi hpp ban Sd nu* tham gia hop Sd nam tham gia hop Ty la nQ/nam tham qia Ih4 (%) Thu nhap lai sau chi cho li/tfng thi/C thi/t pham Thu nhap c6n lai (tri6u d6ng) T(5ng thu nhap (tri6u d6ng) 1,20 3,20 2,27 3,27 0,50* 2,50* Tv IS dat Ih5 (%) 0,38 0,69 0,20- *thu nh§p d Nd Nhung khOng bao gdm phan trg cap cua Nhd nudc 12 Nguydn Xuan Cif NgO Van Gidi Bang Tong hap danh gia cac chi so BS le Ban Ban Ti^n Son Nd Nhung Ie1 0,70x20=14 0.62x20=12 Ie2 0,75x20=15 Ie3 Ie4 0,94x20=19 0,53x20=11 Ie5 Tdng le Ih Ban Ban Ti^nSon Nd Nhung Ihl 0.35x20=7 0.21x20=4 0.67x20=13 Ih2 0.97x20=19 Ih3 0,89x20=18 0.92x20=18 0.72x20=14 0.90x20=18 0.67x20=13 Ih4 0.23x20=5 0,89x20=18 0.84x20=17 Ih5 0.38x20= 0.14x20=3 0.69x20=14 77 74 Tflng Ih 56 53 TH cac sd Ueu d Bang cho thay ban Tien Sdn vk Na Nhung eo cac gia tri Ie va Ih tUdng t u n h u Ca ban deu co chi s o l e cao hdn Ih kha nhieu; Ie ddu nlim viing ben viJng tiem nang, Ih deu n^m viing ben viJng trung binh Rieng ban Na Nhung, co trd c^'p cua Nh^ nUdc nen chi sd IhS hien la 0,69 (Bang 2) Tuy nhien neu khong tinh ph^n trd c^'p thi gia tri IhS ehi la 0,20, hay Ih5=0,20x20=4, v^y tdng Ih se la 43 nam g^n sat v6i vung kem ben viing Hdn nQa mot thu nh^p giam sut khong du dam bao ehi dung cho cuoc so'ng hang se d i n den nhieu van de khac sinh theo chieu hu6ng xifu d i n den nguy cd gay m^'t dn dinh v^ ban tai dinh cU se d l dang rdi vao vung khong ben vutng Dieu cho th^'y vai tro to 16n cua chinh saeh trd cap cua Nh^ nude eho cac khu tai dinh cU cac giai doan mdi hinh Tong hdp danh gia miic ben viing cua ban Tien Sdn va Na Nhung dUdc mo ta d Hinh Co the noi r i n g d thdi diem hien tai, ca ban deu n i m viing III c6 miic ben viing t r u n g binh Trong trUdng hdp cua ban Na Nhung, neu khong tinh trd e^'p cua Nha nU6c thi miic ben viing se dich chuyen ve g§i'n sat v6i miie TV kem ben viing Nhiing nguy ed gay anh hUdng den tfnh ben viing Tien Sdn va Na Nhung c6 lien quan chat ehe den ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, trU6e het la tai nguyen deft, nUdc va rirng Cac chi so'ddn the hien tinh ben viing cua cac yeu to'nay chi dat d miic dudi 70% Con doi vdi van de xa hoi n h a n van, eae ehi so' ve thu nhap, binh dang gidi va bao hiem y te Cling eo gia tri r^Tt tha'p (tir 20% trd xuo'ng) la bieu hien eua tinh khong ben viing viing Ro rang la ngudn tai nguyen han hep, cong vdi trinh san xuat thap kem da khong dam bao ddi so'ng cho ngUdi dan tai dinh cU Day ciing la nhiing nguyen chinh c i n quan tam giai quye't de dam bao tinh ben viing tUdng lai d cac ban tai dinh cU Tien Sdn va Na Nhung Thuc trang va nh&ng giai phap nh^m nang cao 13 Vung I: B5n vong Vung II: B6n vung Wm nSng Vung III: B6n vUng tojng binh Vung IV: K6m bfin vung Vung V: Khdng bfin vung @ Mirc bfin vung cua Tifin Son vd O mOfc bfin vung cua Nd Nhung Hinh Oanh gia mirc ben viThg cho bin Tien Sdn va Na Nhung Ket luan va kien nghi Hai ban tai dinh cU Tien Sdn va Na Nhung thuoc cac du an xay dung nha may thuy dien Hoa Binh va Sdn La Do dUdc hinh vao nhiing thdi gian khac nen chinh sach di dan tai dinh cU eiing eo nhiing diem khac d thdi diem hien tai, ca ban deu dUdc danh gia co ben viing d miic trung binh Tien Sdn dUdc hUdng chinh sach trd giiip cua Nha nUdc th^'p hdn nhUng c6 dieu kien dia ly va dSi't dai thuan ldi, thdi gian tai dinh eU lau hdn nen nhUng ciing da it nhieu the hien tinh dn dinh eao hdn NgUdc lai, Na Nhung dUde hUdng nhieu Uu dai hdn ve ehinh saeh hd trd cua N h a nude hdn nhUng dieu kien kem thuan ldi ve tai nguyen va xa hoi nen tfnh dn dinh eiing kem hdn Da co nhiing nguy cd cho thay tinh trang kem ben viing eua Na N h u n g khong eon sU trd giiip ve tai ehfnh eua Nha nude Nguyen n h a n ehfnh cua sU kem ben viing d cae diem nghien ciiu la sU han che ve tai nguyen thien nhien, trUdc het la tai nguyen da't, nude va riing Ve m a t xa hpi chu yeu la sU binh d i n g gidi va t h u nhap thap cua ngUdi dan Trong thdi gian tdi, de nang cao tinh dn dinh va ben viing eua cac ban tai dinh cU can eo cac chinh sach hd trd ngUdi dan san xuat va bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien T a n g ngudn thu nh^p bao dam ddi sd'ng cua cong ddng dan cU dia phUdng Trong viee lUa chon cac diem tai dinh cU can het siic chii y den kha nang dap iing cua ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien vdi sU phat trien kinh te' xa hoi eua tiing vung cu the Trong chinh saeh den bii c^n giam miie ehi tien mat trUe tiep ma tang cUdng eae ho trd ve san xuat, t a n g cUdng khuyen nong lam giiip ngUdi dan sU dung cd hieu qua di doi vdi bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien va moi trUdng Tang eUdng xay dung ed sd t^ng bao dam nhiing dieu kien can thiet cho sU phat trien kinh te va ddi so'ng xa hpi cho cong ddng dan cU 14 Nguyen Xuan C\i, NgO Van Gidi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Nguyin Qu6c Hai, T r i n Thi Tam, Anh haong cua bfing ciy xanh va phan khoang den nang s u i t lua tren dat nUdng dinh canh miln nui phia Bic Khoa hgc da't, 21(2005) Nguyin Dinh Ho^, Moi trudng vd phdt tnin bin vung^ NXB Giao due Hk Npi, 2006 D^o Chau Thu, Di§u tra phan loai dfi't theo kien thitc ban dia cua ngUdi Thai huyen Yen o n a u , tinh Son La, Khoa hgc dat, 17(2003) Vi$n quy hoach v^ thi^t ke' nong nghiep, Bdo cdo dU dn tiin khd thi quy hoach diim tdi dinh canh dinh cU mdu phuc vu di ddn cdng trinh thuy diin San La, Xd Tdn Ldp Moc Chdu- San La, Bo Nong nghiep vfi Phat triln Nong th6n, 2001 Vien quy hoach vfi thiet ke' nong nghiep Phuang dn diiu ddn cU du dn thuy dien San La, B6 Nong nghiep vfi Phat triln Nong thon, 11/ 2002 VNU JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Nat Sci., & Tech T.XXII N^B AP 2006 THE PRESENT STATUS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TIEN SON AND NA NHUNG RESETTLEMENTS IN SON LA Nguyen Xuan Cu, Ngo Van Gioi Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Hanoi University of Science, VNU-Hanoi Son La is a province with large projects of resettlement for Hydropower plans construction In fact, the resettlement projects usually have problems because of limited resources So that it is sometime not successful The paper pays attention to evaluate the present status and sustainability of two villages Tien Son and Na Nhung base on BS method The results showed that in both two investigated villages, sustainability measure is at the medium levels The sustainability of Tien Son is little higher than that in Na Nhung because of a b u n d a n t natural resources, i.e land, water and forests However, Na Nhung will be less sustainable in near future when financial subsidy of the Government will be ended The main reason of low sustainability of these villages may be caused by limited natural resources, i.e land, water and forests On the social side, it may belong to backward of production methods, gender inequality and low income of farmers To improve sustainability of these resettlement villages, it should have policies to subsidy production systems, natural resources management to increase farmer's income In financial support, it should more concerning with production and extension systems, infrastructure for community, but less pay in cash to farmers DAI Hpc QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TUNHIEN KHOA MOI TRUONG Q IRAN VAN TUAN DANH GIA HIEN TRANG VA MlTC BO BEN VUNG CUA MOT SO DIEM TAI DINH CU d TINH SON LA KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP HE: CHINH QUY NGANH : QUAN LY MOI T R U O N G CAN BO HUONG DAN: TS NGUYEN XUAN Ct/ HA NOI - 2006 —=Tn-TTOc-QU6c GIA HA NOI TRUDNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TUNHIEN KHOA MOI T R U O N G Trdn Lam Th^ng £^ Af_ ^^ MOT SO YEU TO HAN CHE NANG SUAT CAY TRONG TREN DAT DOC HUYEN MAI SON TINH SON LA VA BIEN PHAP K H A C PHUC KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP HE DAI HOC CHINH QUY Nganh: Tho Nhirong Can bo hirdng d^n : TS Nguyen Xuan Cir Ha Noi - 2006 DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TUNHIEN KHOA MOI TRUQNG Khuc Thanh Nguyen M O T SO TINH CHAT CO BAN DAT NUONG RAY HUYfiN MAI SON, SON LA KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP HE DAI HOC CHINH QUY Nganh: Tho Nhuang Can bo hirdmg ddn: TS Nguyen Xuan Cir Ha Noi - 2006 DAI HOC QLOC GIA H A NOI TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TUNHIEN NGO VAN GICII DANH GIA Mtrc BO BEN VUNG CUA M O T SO KHU TAI DINH Cl/ TINH SON LA Chuyen nganh: Khoa hoc Moi truang Ma so: 60 85 02 LUAN VAN THAC SY KHOA HOC CAN BO HU6NG DAN: PGS.TS NGUYEN XUAN CV HA NOI - 2006 '••^•^'•^•.^•'^'^^.m'^:^ ^ ^ ^ ^ m/ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * - ^ »• _> ^ DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN Nguyin Thi Chi THVrC TRANG VA XU HU^6NG THAY OOI CAC LOAI HINH Sir DUNG DAT DOC HUYEN MAI SClN, TINH SdN LA Chuyen nganh: Khoa hoc moi trucmg Ma so: 60.85.02 LUAN VAN THAC SY KHOA HOC Ngucfi hu&ng ddn khoa hoc: PGS.TS Nguyen Xuan Cu i \ ( t HA NOI, 2006 MAU 1: TOM TAT CAC CONG TRINH NCKH CUA CA NHAN (bai bao, bao cao tai Hoi nghi khoa hoc) Nganh: Moi truang va Bao ve Moi truono Chuyen nganh: Khoa hoc Moi truono Ho va ten (cac) tac gia cong trinh: Nguyen Xuan Cu, Ngo Van Giai Nam: 2006 Ten bai bao: 'Thuc trang vd nhung gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao suhen vung cdc khu tdi dinh cu Tien San vd Nd Nhung a San La' Ten Tap chi/SachATuyen tap Hoi nghi, So, trang: - Bao cao tai Hoi nghi Khoa hoc Truang Dai hoc Khoa hoc Tu nhien, Nganh Moi truang, Thang 10/2006 - Dang tai Tap chf Khoa hoc Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi, Khoa hoc Tu nhien va Cong Nghe, so T.XXII, No3B AP, 2006 Tom tat cong trinh bang tieng Viet San La la tinh mien niii dang thirc hien nhiem vu rat lan vt cong tac di dan tai dinh cu phuc vu cac du an xay dung nha may thuy dien Tren thuc te cong tac tai dinh cu thuang gap nhieu kho khan khong dap iing nhu cau nguai dan di chuyen den noi a mdi Cac ban tai dinh cu thuang khong on dinh dh bi pha va Nghien cuu tap trung vao viec danh gia thuc trang va xac dinh tfnh ben vung a ban tai dinh cu Tien Son va Na Nhung dua tren viec nghien cihi thuc Xitn va cac chi so do b6n vung BS Ket qua cho thay a thdi diem hien tai, ca ban nghien ciJu deu dugc danh gia CO ben virng a mu'c trung binh Tien San, mac du dugc huang chfnh sach trg giiip cua Nha nudc thap han nhung c6 dieu kien dia ly va dat dai thuan lgi thai gian tai dinh cu lau han nen da ft nhieu the hien tfnh ben vung cao han Na Nhung dugc hudng nhieu uu dai ve chfnh sach hd trg ciia Nha nudc nen trude mat cung cd tfnh ben vung trung binh Tuy nhien muc ben vung se giam di ro ret va cd nguy ca khdng dn dinh khong cdn su trg giiip ve tai chfnh ciia Nha nudc han che S r^ chinh cua su kem ben vung d cac cdng ddng dan cu nghien ciru la xa hdf c t w l r T^'V^'''' ''^*'"' ^^^^ he^ '^ ^^i "g^y^n dat nudc va r ^ e Ve mat c L ng2^^^ ' ' ' ^^ ' ' " ""^'^ y^'" ^^^' ^y "^^'^ binh dang gidi va thu nhap thap rdn o^ J T ' ^ I I ^ ^ ^ ' P f - ^*' "^^ "^"g ^^^ ^^'"h ben vung Clia cac ban Uii dinh cu nav nMn^h ™h-^^^h ho trg san xuat va bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien, tangngudn lhu T t^'^ ^^!'^^ t^J" ^^ Ph^^ng Trong viec bd tri cac diem tai dinh cu can het siic chii y oen KUa nang dap ung cua ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien cho su phat trien kmh le xa hoi cua tung vung cu the Trong chfnh sach den bu can giam miic chi tien mai true tiep ma tang cuang cac ho trg cho san xuat, khuyen nong lam giiip ngudi dan su dung cd hieu qua nguon tai nguyen ket hgp vdi bao ve moi trudng Tang cudng xay dung ca sd h^ tang bao dam nhung dieu kien cdn thiet cho su phat trien kinh te va ddi sdng xa hdi cua cong dong dan cu Tieng Anh (nhu muc 3, 4, : Title; Joumal/Proceedings/Book tilIe;Volume/No ,pages, Summary in English)) Title: 'The present status and solutions to improve the sustainability of Tien Son and Na Nhung resettlements in Son La' Journal: Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, T.XXII, No3B AP, 2006 pp 6-14 Summary: Son La is a province with large projects of resettlement for Hydropower plans construction In fact, the resettlement projects usually have problems because of limited resources So that it is sometime not successful The paper pays attention to evaluate the present status and sustainability of two villages Tien Son and Na Nhung base on BS method The results showed that in both two investigated villages, sustainability measure is at the medium levels The sustainability of Tien Son is little higher than that in Na Nhung because of abundant natural resources, i.e land, water and forests However, Na Nhung will be less sustainable in near future when financial subsidy of the Government will be ended The main reason of low sustainability of these villages may be caused by limited natural resources, i.e land, water and forests On the social side, it may belong to backward of production methods, gender inequality and low income of farmers To improve sustainability of these resettlement villages, it should have policies to subsidy production systems, natural resources management to increase farmer's income In financial support, il should more concerning with production and extension systems, infrastructure for community, but less pay in cash lo farmers PHIEU DANG KY KET QUA NGHIEN CUU KH-CN Ten de tai (hoac duan) Ddnh gid thuc trgng vd de xudt gidi phdp nhdm tdng cu&ng su on dinh cdc vdng tdi dinh cua Mai San thupc nhd mdy thuy dien San La Ma so: QG-05-47 Ca quan chu tri de tai (hoac du an): Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Tu nhien Dja chi: 334 Nguyin Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi Tel: (04)8584995 Co quan quan ly de tai (hoac du an): Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi Dja chi: 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi Tel: (04) 7547372 Tong kinh phi thuc chi: 60.000.000 dong Trong do: - Tir ngan sach Nha nudc: 60.000.000 d - Kinh phi ciia trudng: - Vay tin dung: - Vdn tirco: - Thu hoi: Thdi gian nghien cuu: 24 thang Thdi gian bat dau: 9/2005 Thdi gian ket thiic: 9/2007 Ten cac can bd phdi hgp nghien ciiu: PGS.TS Le Diic ThS Tran Thj Tuyet Thu ThS Nguyen Qudc Viet CN Vu Quang Giang CN Nguyin Xuan Huan CN Cam Chinh NghTa CN Ngo Van Gidi ThS Nguyen Trong D^c Sd dang ky de tai Sd chiing nhan dang ky ket qua nghien cuu: Ngay: Bao mat: a Pho bien rong rai: + b Pho bien han che: c Bao mat: Tom tat ket qua nghien cihi: nudc ta tai dinh cu la mot nhung cong tac Idn dugc Dang va Nha nudc rat quan tam, nhien viec thuc hien cong tac vao nhung thdi ki khac v5n nhieu bai cap Nhung diem tai dinh cu dat yeu cau rat ft Nguyen nhan chinh ciia tinh trang la thieu sir quan tam den cong tac quy hoach, danh gia dung thuc trang lai nguyen khu vuc TDC va chua xay dung dugc mo hinh di dan lai dinh cu thich hgp Hien nay, Mai Sdn dugc chpn la vijng trpng diem ciia cong tac lai dinh cu tu du an xay dung Nha may thuy dien San La, vdi han mot nghin ho dan Thuc irang cac khu uii dinh cu a Mai San ndi rieng va San La noi chung la rat khac nhung nhin chung gap rai nhicu kho khan va chua nhieu nguy ca gay anh hudng xau den ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan lis cac kct qua nghien ciiu ciia de tai cho thay: - Cac khu tai dinh cu tu du an thiiy dien San La noi chung chua on dinh ddi song ngudi dan gap nhieu kho khan Cac khu tai dinh cu nghien ciiu bao g6m Na Cang, Tien Son dugc hinh tCr trude di dan xay dung cac viing kinh te mdi va du an thuy dien hoa binh CO dieu kien thuan lgi han va ddi sdng ngudi dan cung 6n dinh han Ngugc lai ddi sdng ciia c6ng ddng d nhung khu tai dinh cu thupc du an thiiy dien San La (Pii Nhuong, Na Nhung) van chua on dinh va da xuat hien nhieu van de bixc xiic Cac nhu ciu tdi \hi6u cho ngudi dan thieu tram trpng nhu nudc sinh hoat, dat canh tac, ca sd tang Ti6n den bii tai dinh cu dugc trg cap tCr du an khong dugc su dung diing muc dfch Dia die'm tai dinh cu mdi chua dap iing nhung nhu cau ca ban de dam bao mot ddi sdng 6n dinh, da co nhieu ho da tu y bo \ e ndi a cQ - Tfnh ben vung cua cac khu tai dinh cu khong cao da xuai hien nhieu nguyen nhan lam giam su on, tham chf co nguy ca lam anh hudng nghiem typng den su t6n tai cua cac khu tai dinh cu Miic ben vung hien thdi ciia khu tai dinh cu nghien ciiu dugc xep theo thii tu giam dan tir Na Cang den Tien San va thap nhai la d Na Nhung Na Cang dang d miic ben vung tiem nang, hai ban Tien San va Na Nhung co miic ben vung trung binh - Nhung nguyen nhan co nguy ca gay mai dn dinh cho cac khu TDC d San La la ihieu ca sd tai nguyen ca ban nhu dat nong nghiep, nudc sinh hoat vk san xuai, dien tfch rung bi suy giam.^ Mat khac phai thay ddi tap quan sinh hoal va san xuai ngudi dan kho chuyin ddi nghe san xuat thdi quen lau Da sd cong d6ng tai dinh cu co irinh van hda tha'p, so ngudi biei tieng kinh khong nhieu Day la mot trd nga Idn tiep thu nhung chu chuang, chinh sach va cac qua trinh chuyen giao cong nghe cua Dang va Nha nudc Dai bo phan ngudi dan thieu kinh nghiem canh tac nuang ray cOng nhu chuyen doi san xuat theo cac dac diem ciia nai d mdi - Nhung giai phap cao tfnh ben vung cho cac cong d6ng nghien ciiu can thuc hien ddng thdi cac giai phap ve luat phap, chfnh sach va the che; cac giai phap ve kinh le: cac giai phap giao due truyen thong va cac giai phap khoa hpc ky thuat Cu the can dac biel quan lam ldi van de sir dung hgp ly tai nguyen va bao ve moi trudng, dap iing dieu kien sdng va san xuai cho cong dong; viec xay dung cdng ddng doan kei, phat huy van hoa dan ipc; cong lac td chiic dao tao tap huan hudng dan chuyen ddi san xuat se co y nghTa Idn de nang cao y ihiic cong ddng va phat trien kinh te xa hpi d dia phuang Kien nghj ve quy mo va ddi tugng ap dung nghien ciiu: - Kei qua nghien ciiu co the dugc ap dung viec hoach dinh chinh sach ve cong tac tai dinh cu d viing mii phfa Bac noi rieng va d nudc ta noi chung - Viec qui hoach, bd trf cac khu tai dinh cu tii cac dtr an xay dung Nha may thuy dien Idn can tfnh toan va du bao chfnh xac kha nang cung cap ciia tai nguyen de bao dam ddi sdng cho ngudi dan - Can md rpng va tiep tuc nghien ciiu sau han ve cac van de quan ly, sii dung lai nguyen moi trudng, nghien ciiu cac giai phap de dam bao ddi sdng va phat trien kinh le va linh on dinh cua cac vung tai dinh cu hien co 77" T2'AH ^A ... the la: - Ban Tie'n Son xa Hat Ldt, huyen Mai Son tinh Son La, la cdng ddng TDC Cdng trinh thuy dien Hoa Binh, chuyen den tir nam 2001 - Ban Na Cang xa Hat Ldt, huyen Mai Son tinh Son La, la cdng... xua't ndng nghiep lac hau, hien tugng du canh, phat nuong lam ray van xay Phuong thiic canh tac lac hau la nguyen nhan lam suy giam tai nguyen rirng, xdi mdn dat d nhidu noi Den d Mai Son dang tdn... Mudng La tinh Son La, la cgng ddng TDC Cdng trinh thuy dien Son La, chuyen den tir nam 2004 Trong dd ban Na Nhung, Tien Son va Na Cang dugc chgn lam ddi tugng de danh gia mirc ben virng Day la ban