Quản lý đào tạo nghề ở các trường trung cấp ngành giao thông vận tải đáp ứng nhu cầu xã hội tt tieng anh

1 INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing dissertation topic Social demand using for trained employees is a measure for vocational training institutions to train human resources with adequate knowledge, occupational skills and ethical qualities to meet the increasing demand of economy in the trend of competition and international integration in all fields In order to meet the requirements of human resource development, especially high-quality human resources, to effectively participate in labour cooperation with countries in the region and around the world, the Communist Party of Vietnam and the State advocate focus on training quality human resources to meet social needs The Resolution of the XII Congress of the Party stated: “Building a strategy for developing human resources for the country, for each industry, each field, with synchronous solutions, focusing on training solutions, retraining of human resources in the school as well as in the production and business process, focusing on improving professionalism and practical skills ”[11; p 116] Concretizing the guidelines of the Party, the Government, Ministry of Transport has proposed the Vocational Training Development Strategy for the period of 2011-2020 Accordingly, the overall goal is that by 2020, vocational training will meet the needs of the labour market in terms of quantity, quality, industry structure, occupation and training level At the same time, meeting the high requirements of vocational qualifications of developed countries in the ASEAN region and the world Vocational training activities at training institutions is one of the important measures to implement the Party's policy on training highquality human resources Vocational training to meet social needs is training according to the orders of society in order to equip employees with knowledge, skills and occupational attitudes; create for them discipline and labor efficiency in the process of participating in production and performing the work of the industry that businesses, production facilities, business and society requires In order for vocational training activities to meet social needs, management subjects must closely manage vocational training activities, consistently and always predict the needs of labor use of the society Transportation vocational secondary schools have the functions and tasks to train technical workers with intermediate, primary and continuing training qualifications in the field of transportation; professional fostering, training of a contingent of skilled technical workers, traffic inspectors, district chiefs, patrols, fostering commune- level traffic cadres under rural transport projects, fostering and upgrading; testing technical expertise for units inside and outside the transportation industry Currently, the transportation secondary schools carry out the task of training human resources for the industry and for society with typical occupations In addition to the significant achievements, vocational training in secondary schools in the transport sector also has limitations and weaknesses, including the low quality and effectiveness of training; a considerable distance from the labour market demand; limitations on qualifications and capacity of teachers; backward of training facilities In particular, students trained in transportation secondary schools after graduation are not really consistent with the requirements of businesses and production facilities; Some students have poor practice skills; Their adaptable ability with the labour market after graduation is not high These limitations have many causes, but the main reason is that training and management of training have not yet come from the demands of the labour market and society Therefore, the transportation secondary schools must strongly shift the management mechanism from training in the direction of "supply" to training management in the direction of maximizing the labour demand of customers in the supply and demand regulations Vocational training and vocational training management at college and university levels have been mentioned by a number of authors of Vietnam and foreign countries However, the issue of vocational training management to meet the social needs at the intermediate level with the specific career field is that the transport sector has not had any specific research Therefore, there is a need for a study of both theory and practice of vocational training management to meet the current social needs in the transportation secondary schools From the above reasons, the issue: "Management of vocational training in transportation schools to meet social needs" is highly urgent and meaningful in theory and practice Research purpose and tasks * Research purpose: On the basis of clarifying the theory and practice of vocational training and vocational training management in transportation schools to meet social needs, the dissertation proposes a number of vocational training management measures at the transportation schools to meet the social needs in accordance with the laws of supply and demand and labour market requirements, contributing to the supply of labour force for the transportation industry as required by the labor market 3 * Research tasks Generalizing and clarifying the theoretical issues on vocational training, vocational training management in transportation schools in the to meet social needs Making survey, analyzing and assessing the situation of vocational training, vocational training management and the factors affecting vocational training management in transportation schools to meet social needs Proposing measures for vocational training management at transportation schools to meet social needs Testing the necessity, feasibility of the proposed measures and testing the measures The subject, object, scope of research and scientific hypothesis * Research subject: Vocational training management to meet social needs * Object subject: Vocational training management at transportation schools to meet social needs Scope of research Scope of content: The dissertation focuses on theoretical and practical issues of vocational training and vocational training management for students in transportation schools based on the approach of educational management science Identifying the managing subject as the Principal of the transportation schools as the responsible subject; The teachers are implementing subjects with enterprises, production and business establishments are the coordinating subject Scope of the survey: The dissertation focuses on surveying officials and teachers of 05 typical transportation schools representing many provinces and cities with many industrial parks and representing graduates who are working in enterprises, production and business units (employers of the transport sector) Scope of time: Survey time from January 2016 to August 2019 The data used in the dissertation from 2015 to the present Scientific hypothesis At present, transportation schools carry out vocational training according to the prescribed process, mainly based on allocated norms and not following the market's supply and demand rules, so they have not met the social requirements In order for the transportation schools to be able to train to meet the social needs in the market mechanism, the key and breakthrough step must be to change training from the direction of supply to the direction of demand and comply with the laws of the labour market If the management subjects at the transportation schools perform the following activities: Organizing the assessment of vocational training needs, renewing the enrollment consultancy to develop the training program in the direction associate with developing teachers in the direction of standardization; coordinate and link between schools and enterprises in training; innovating teaching methods towards fostering performance for learners; innovating counselling and job placement for graduates will meet today's social needs Methodology and research methods Methodology The dissertation is implemented on the basis of dialectical materialism of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology, views, guidelines and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam on education and training At the same time, the thesis approaches the research problem from the following points of view: System and structure viewpoint: Education and training are part of the economy and society Therefore, vocational training research must place transportation schools in the economic and social system, particularly with the needs of human resources development of the whole country, of the transportation industry as well as each locality in general and of enterprises in particular in the process of industrialization, modernization of the country and international integration On the other hand, vocational training is a part of the national education system, so it must be closely related to the components of the national education system Historical and logical points of view: The dissertation approaches and studies to review the research works according to the historical events of the object of development and generalize, clarifies theoretical issues about vocational training and vocational training management Practical approach perspective: The proposed solutions must be suitable for the practical context (institutions, management policies of the state) and suitable to the context and training resources of secondary schools Functional approach perspective: Using management functions in defining the management content and proposing training management measures in transportation schools to meet social needs 5 Comprehensive approach perspective: Combining the approach to the process and activities to clarify the content and propose training management measures at the transportation schools to meet the current social needs Perspective access: Social needs are the demands of the labour market Therefore, training to meet social needs should be studied according to the market approach, based on the law of supply and demand of the market * Research methods: * Group of theoretical research methods + Using methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization to review and select scientific views, theories and conceptions related to the research of the topic At the same time, generalizing and interpreting clarify the theoretical basis for vocational training management to meet social needs + Using the method of comparing research results of domestic and foreign books, magazines and dissertations related to the topic * Group of practical research methods + Investigation method: + Interview method: + Method of observation: + Product research method + Method of summarizing experience + Method of experts + Experimental method * Other method groups + Method of using statistical math + Method of using information technology software New contributions of the dissertation The dissertation clarifies the basic concepts such as social needs of transportation schools; vocational training and vocational training management in the transportation schools to meet social needs The dissertation develops a theoretical framework for management and specifies the factors affecting vocational training management in transportation schools to meet social needs The dissertation analyzes and assesses the situation; specifies the causes of the training situation, the situation of training management and the factors affecting vocational training management in vocational training schools in the transportation industry The dissertation proposes measures for vocational training management at transportation schools to meet social needs, contributing to providing labour resources for enterprises in the transportation industry 6 Significances of the dissertation In terms of theory: The dissertation contributes to systematize, clarify, supplement and develop theoretical issues on vocational training and vocational training management in transportation schools to meet social needs In terms of practice: The research results of the dissertation contribute to providing practical arguments for proposing vocational training management measures at the transportation schools to meet social needs and as a basis for innovation to improve the quality of education and training today The research results of the dissertation are the basis for reference to management subjects at the transportation schools to apply in training management to meet social needs as well as to improve the training quality of qualified labour force to meet the domestic and international labour market Structure of the dissertation The dissertation includes introduction, five chapters (13 periods), conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the dissertation, list of references and appendices Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES RELATED TO DISSERTATION 1.1 Overview of the research works of domestic and foreign authors related to the dissertation 1.1.1 Research projects on vocational training to meet social needs Typical overseas authors are William E Blank (1982); Carnevale, Gainer & Villet (1990); Julie Heckenberg (1993; Fletcher & Buckley (1997); Schenk (2013); Schubert & Goedegebuure (2018) Typically in Vietnam, there are authors: Nguyen Minh Duong, Tran Khanh Duc, Nguyen Loc, Bui Minh Hien, Nguyen Minh Nguyet and Tran Cong Sang 1.1.2 Studies on vocational training management meet social needs Examples of authors abroad include E Kerrigan and Jeff S Luke Shirley Fletcher Heinz Weihrich, Kai-Uwe Seidenfuss, Volker Goebel, V Gasskov Typically in Vietnam, there are authors: Nguyen Hong Tay, Phan Minh Hang, Nguyen Thi Hang, Pham Thi Thuy Hong and Phan Chinh Thuc 1.2 Overview of the research results of published scientific works related to dissertation and issues that need to be solved 1.2.1 An overview of the research results of published scientific works Firstly, foreign works have focused on clarifying the concept of vocational training; regard vocational training as the basic contents in educational programs of educational institutions In the works, the authors focus on building the content and training methods in accordance with the requirements of businesses, ensuring the integration with the school's training programs with the labour needs of employers businesses The overview content will give the author a basic overview of social needs and training to meet social needs Secondly, the domestic scientific works mentioned the need for "demand-oriented" training to meet the needs of enterprises in the market mechanism, and also raised some suggestions about a number of solutions to implement training to meet the needs of enterprises but not mentioning the core issue of renewing the training objectives, content and training as well as organizing the training process to adapt to training in the direction of meeting social needs Therefore, there is a need for both theoretical and practical studies to adequately resolve current practical contradictions Thirdly, the studies systematize the theoretical basis of the problem; analyze the need for vocational training in the direction of "demand" to meet social or business needs in the market mechanism; At the same time, some solutions to provide vocational training to meet social or business needs have been mentioned but not mentioned the core issue is the innovation of objectives, content and training program as well as organize the training process to adapt the training in the direction of meeting social needs Selecting some theoretical content of these works, the doctoral student will systematize according to his research direction, thereby surveying the situation of vocational training management in transportation schools to meet the social needs, based on which will offer solutions specific to the system of these schools in order to renovate and improve the quality of vocational education, to meet the requirements of the labour market, contribute to creating jobs, improving labour productivity, increasing incomes for workers and raising the competitiveness of Vietnamese human resources in the context of globalization and international integration, in the coming time, It is necessary to strengthen the autonomy for vocational training institutions and increase the participation of enterprises in their education t vocational education, finishing State management for vocational education… 1.2.2 The issues that dissertation to be solved From the research situation related to the dissertation topic and the above-generalized results, the dissertation focuses on solving some of the following issues: First, clarifying and generalizing the theoretical issues on social needs, training to meet social needs and training management at the transportation schools to meet social needs The dissertation must generalize and build a basic set of concepts: Social needs; vocational training; vocational training at transportation schools; vocational training at the transportation schools to meet social needs and vocational training management at the transportation schools to meet the social needs Second, the dissertation clarifies the relationship between training and social needs as the "Supply - Demand" relationship; specifies the characteristics of vocational training at the transportation schools and the training management at the transportation schools to meet the social needs The relationship between social needs through the labour market for vocational training is essentially a "customer" relationship In order to train labour workers to adapt to social needs, it is necessary to develop an effective approach in which the most important is the participation of subjects related to vocational training, including vocational training services (Vocational training institutions); employers' facilities (social needs represented by businesses); Trained products (graduated workers) These objects create a relationship of "supply and demand" and this approach allow to identify gaps and bottlenecks in the supply-demand of human resources through vocational training to have appropriate solutions Third, identifying the management content and specifies the factors affecting the training management in the transportation schools to realize that the current training has shown signs of leaving the inherent nature is to meet social needs Fourth, through surveying, analyzing, evaluating the current situation of training and training management at the transportation schools, it proves the biggest limitation in vocational training currently available signs of inherent nature are to meet social needs and labor market needs At the same time, through the limited causes of the current situation, the dissertation affirms the importance in the orientation of education innovation and human resource training, focusing all efforts on meeting social needs 9 Fifth, the dissertation identifies the requirements and proposes measures to manage vocational training at transportation schools to meet social needs Conclusion of chapter Overview of domestic and foreign research works on training according to social needs and management of training according to social needs is the need, is the basis for inheriting concepts, clarifying characteristics, content and requirements of the labour market; clearly see the role and comply with the laws of supply and demand; identify the content, point out the factors affecting the training management at the transportation schools to social needs to draw appropriate approaches to the dissertation Chapter THEORETICAL BASIS OF MANAGEMENT OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN TRANSPORTATION SCHOOLS TO MEET SOCIAL NEEDS 2.1 Theoretical issues of vocational training at the transportation schools to meet the social needs 2.1.1 Social needs and vocational training in transportation schools to meet social needs 2.1.1.1 Social needs and meeting social needs Social demand is the expectation of social components about the quality of training products to meet certain production and business purposes The needs of society include the expectations of learners, businesses and society in terms of quality, quantity, industry structure and qualifications 2.1.1.2 Social sectors in need of vocational training Learners Enterprises Government 2.1.1.3 Necessary needs of the society for vocational training Regarding quality Regarding the quantity, occupational structure and level 2.1.2 Vocational training at transportation schools to meet social needs 2.1.2.1 The concept of vocational training at transportation schools to meets social needs Vocational training at the transportation schools to meet social needs is the process of the purposeful effect of teachers' influence on 10 students to equip vocational knowledge and practice practical skills and forming career attitudes for students that appropriates and gears towards responding to individual and collective employers' questions In fact, vocational training to meet social needs is based on the requirements of the labour market to identify the training objectives, content and methods so that training products are suitable to the needs of individuals and employers' collective Subjects of vocational training to meet social needs are teachers, collective teachers of vocational colleges in the transport sector Subjects vocational training to meet social needs are students of these schools They are both the object of training and the subject of the process of vocational training and self-training of labour skills 2.1.2.2 The characteristics of vocational training at transportation schools to meet social needs Objectives, contents, vocational training programs Methods and means of vocational training Forms of vocational training Criteria for evaluating vocational training degree to meet social needs 2.2 The theoretical issues about the management of vocational training in transportation schools to meet social needs 2.2.1 The management concept of vocational training in transportation schools to meet social needs Management of vocational training in transportation schools and to meet social needs that impact process aims, plans and with the laws of owners can manage the objects managed in cycles vocational training to ensure that training activities towards satisfying the needs of all kinds of customers on the quality, quantity, career structure and training levels, meet the laws of supply and demand in the training process, contributing to providing qualified labour human resources for the society 2.2.2 The content of vocational training management at transportation schools in the to meets social needs 2.2.2.1 Managing input elements * Assessing vocational training needs at transportation schools * Manage the enrollment of training courses * Developing vocational training plans at transportation schools * Improving the capacity of teachers * Facilities, equipment for training * Provide career counseling for high school students 2.2.2.2 Management of vocational training process 11 * Management of vocational training goals * Management of content, vocational training programs * Management of training form * Management of training subjects *Management and evaluation of academic results 2.2.2.3 Management of the output elements (Outcome) * Management of the granting of diplomas and certificates * Job counseling and job placement for graduates 2.2.2.4 Management of contextual elements (Context) * Change of labor market * The needs of society in the present context 2.2.2.5 Examining and evaluating training activities at the transportation schools 2.3 Factors affecting vocational training management at transportation schools to meet social needs 2.3.1 Impact from international integration trends and requirements of the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country 2.3.2 Impact from guidelines, guidelines and policies of the Party and State on vocational training 2.3.3 Impact from the cooperation between vocational schools and employers' agencies, organizations and enterprises 2.3.4 Impact from the objectives and capacity of vocational schools in the transport industry Conclusion of chapter The training management at the transportation schools to meet the social needs is, to sum up, the way of the management subjects impacting the training activities in order to make this activity strictly organized and have effectively, well implementing the set goals and tasks, contributing to providing the society with quality human resources, consistent with the needs of the labour market Chapter PRACTICAL BASIS OF MANAGEMENT OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN TRANSPORTATION SCHOOLS TO MEET SOCIAL NEEDS 3.1 Overview of the characteristics of the task and the situation of education and training in the transportation schools 12 3.2 Organizing research, survey and assessment of the current situation 3.2.1 Purpose of investigation and survey 3.2.2 Content of investigation and survey 3.2.3 Subjects, areas, time of investigation and survey 3.3 The reality of vocational training in transportation schools to meet social needs 3.3.1 Regarding the implementation of elements of the training process to meet social needs The actual situation of implementing training objectives Table 3.2 Evaluation results of officials and teachers of transportation schools on the achievement of vocational training objectives to meet social needs No Target on vocational training Guaranteed professional knowledge Competent in practising the jobs of a profession Ability to work independently and apply techniques and technologies to work Having morality, professional conscience, sense of discipline, industrial manner and health Creating conditions for graduates to be able to find jobs, create jobs for themselves or continue to study to a higher level General Average Implementation results (quantity) Very Goo Norma good d l General Average Not good 298 162 12 3,57 201 170 70 37 3,12 113 117 126 122 2,46 213 176 62 27 3,20 117 118 135 108 2,51 2,97 Practical situation of content, training program Practical situation of training forms and methods 3.3.2 Regarding the degree of meeting the social needs of the schools Evaluation of the school Assessment of social components Table 3.9 Results of evaluating the level of meeting the social needs for vocational training quality at intermediate schools in Transport industry (assessment of social force with n = 588) No Criteria Meeting degree (quantity) Very Not Goo Norma goo goo d l d d General Average 13 Professional knowdge Vocational skills Sense of organization and discipline The spirit of proactive approach to work Teamwork spirit Creativity General Average 257 32 248 150 211 32 267 50 223 152 197 40 35 235 61 129 109 235 29 271 56 157 71 281 3,28 1,73 3,13 2,50 2,93 1,70 2,55 3.4 The practical situation of vocational training management at transportation schools to meets social needs 3.4.1 Practical situation of managing the factors of input (input) * Practical situation of vocational training planning at transportation schools Table 3.11 Practical situation vocational training planning transportation schools Content Developing a plan with all the elements: Enhancing the capacity of teachers, facilities, equipment for training, raising capital Developing training plans according to the needs of the learners Developing training plans according to business needs Developing training plans according to regional and local needs Developing a training plan according to assigned norms General Average of in Evaluation Level of performance Performance efficiency Gene Ver Gene Not Very Some Not ral y Goo Nor ral often goo often times often Aver goo d mal Aver d age d age 279 171 13 15 3,49 193 167 60 58 3,04 148 113 125 92 2,66 97 120 114 147 2,35 176 117 107 78 2,82 88 117 128 145 2,31 186 154 70 68 2,96 101 108 109 150 2,29 287 151 33 3,50 223 181 35 39 3,23 3,09 2,64 14 * Practical situation of designing, developing and implementing vocational training programs at transportation schools 3.4.2 Practical situation of training process management (Process) * Practical situation of vocational training activities * Practical situation of managing components of the vocational training process at transportation schools Table 3.14 Practical situation of managing components of the vocational training process at transportation schools Evaluation Content of management of vocational training implementation Managing career selection counseling for high school students Managing the enrollment of training courses Management training form Management methods and training facilities Managing teaching activities Managing the evaluation of studying results and certificates of graduation Managing job counseling and job placement for graduates General Average Level of performance Very often often Some times Not oft en Level of performance Gener Ve So No al ry oft me t al Avera oft en tim oft Avera ge en es en ge Gener 124 116 123 115 2,52 21 43 205 209 1,74 237 177 28 36 3,29 123 114 124 117 2,51 230 193 30 25 3,31 105 122 107 144 2,39 193 156 76 53 3,02 81 89 152 156 2,20 198 178 52 50 3,10 85 99 149 145 2,26 190 157 63 68 2,98 35 121 150 172 2,04 122 122 119 115 2,53 19 41 206 212 1,72 2,96 2,12 3.4.3 Practical situation of managing the factors of output (Outcome) 3.4.4 Practical situation of managing contextual factors 3.4.5 The practical situation of vocational training examination and evaluation at transportation schools 15 3.5 Situation of the influence of the factors affecting the training management at the transportation schools to meet social needs Table 3.18 Situation of factors affecting vocational training management to meet social needs in the secondary schools of Transport industry Affecting factors Subjective factors Objective factors General Average Teaching capacity of teachers The level of financial mobilization and investment, facilities and training equipment Management capacity of managers at all levels in training establishments 4.Socio-economic development context The Party's leadership line, the State's legal policies on vocational education development The policy of decentralizing management and raising the autonomy and social responsibility of vocational schools Participation of agencies, organizations and businesses using training products Policies on joint training between vocational schools and enterprises Very influentia l Infulence level Little Influentia Influenti l a Not influentia l General Average 335 126 12 3,65 340 125 3,68 369 99 3,75 370 104 1 3,76 389 89 0 3,81 385 91 3,80 331 129 12 3,64 379 94 3,77 3,73 3.6 The cause of the practical situation of vocational training management in transportation schools to meet social needs 3.6.1 The cause of these advantages 16 3.6.2 The cause of the limitations Conclusion of chapter Through researching, investigating and surveying the situation in chapter on training to meet social needs, the situation of training management to meet social needs and the status of the impact of factors affecting the situation the management of training at the intermediate schools in the transport sector to meet the social needs shows that: The schools not manage well the analysis of the training needs of the society; has not actively used the gap theory in training needs assessment; Moreover, the use of methods of forecasting and gathering information about the labour market is not really effective; training planning has not been linked to the needs of learners, businesses and regions, regions and localities; thus has not met the social needs Chapter REQUIREMENT AND MEASURES OF MANAGEMENT OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN TRANSPORTATION SCHOOLS TO MEET SOCIAL NEEDS 4.1 Training management requirements in transportation schools to meet social needs 4.1.1 Training management must meet current educational innovation requirements 4.1.2 Management of vocational training must meet training objectives and requirements of the Ministry of Transport 4.1.3 The management of vocational training must promote the synergy of transportation schools' forces and must associate with enterprises 4.1.4 The management of vocational training must be suitable with the needs of the subjects trained at the transportation schools 4.2 Measures of training management at transportation schools to meet social requirements 4.2.1 Innovating vocational training needs assessment at transportation schools 4.2.2 Directing the renovation of training enrollment advisory courses at the transportation secondary schools in the direction of connecting with businesses 17 4.2.3 Organizing the development of training programs in a way that aligns with the needs of businesses and society 4.2.4 Planning, consolidating and develoing teachers in the direction of standardization 4.2.5 Directing coordination and links between schools and businesses in training 4.2.6 Directing the renovation of training activities towards capacity building for learners 4.2.7 Innovating job counseling and job placement for graduates The relationship between the measures 18 Conclusion of chapter Based on the research on the theoretical and practical basis of training and training management in transportation schools, in chapter 4, the author has identified requirements and proposed 07 training management measures in transportation schools to meet social needs The requirements and proposed measures are derived from the contradictions between theory and practice of training and training management in the transportation schools to meet the social needs, ensure uniformity, rigorous, scientific; Strictly tested, ensuring the necessity and feasibility These measures have formed a unified whole, helping the training management at the transportation schools to meet the current social needs, which are carried out strictly effectively, objectively and honestly Chapter TESTING THE MEASURES OF MANAGEMENT OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN TRANSPORTATION SCHOOLS TO MEET SOCIAL NEEDS 5.1 Testing the necessity and feasibility of the measures 5.1.1 Purpose of testing 5.1.2 Assay object 5.1.3 Assay process 5.1.4 Assay results * Assess the necessity of the measures Figure 5.1: Degree of assessing the necessity of measures General Average M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 19 * Assess the feasibility of the measures Figure 5.2: Degree of assessing the feasibility of the measures General Average M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 * Compare the correlation between the necessity and the feasibility of the measures Figure 5.3 Correlation between necessity and feasibility Necessity Feasibility M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 Further clarifying this issue, the author used the Spearman formula to consider the rank correlation between the need and feasibility of the measures: 20 In this formula: R is the correlation coefficient D2 n is the number of proposed R 1  n(n  1) measures D is the difference coefficient between the hierarchy of necessity and the feasibility After changing numbers and calculating if R> 0, the necessity and feasibility are positively correlated, meaning that the measure is both necessary and feasible Substituting the number in the above formula has:  R 1  6(0       0) 1  0.25 0.75 7(7  1) 5.2 Test and analyzation of the test results of measures 5.2.1 General problems of testing * Testing purpose * Testing Hypothesis * Test scope The test is conducted in the selected typical transportation schools * Testing facility Pedagogical tests are conducted at campuses: Base 1: Northern transportation School Base 2: Thang Long transportation School * Test object Test facility 1: The 2nd - year students in the Road and Bridge industry of the Northern transportation school The author selects classes with similar initial learning quality, forming a test and control pair: Test class: Bridge and Road (40 students, students); Control class: Road (40 pupils and students) Test facility 2: First-year students in Roads and Bridges of Thang Long transportation School Postgraduate choose classes with similar initial learning quality, forming a test and control pair: Test class: Bridge and road (45 students, students); Control class: Road (45 pupils, students) 21 * Testing Force Author of the dissertation; Collaborators, including: The teachers of secondary schools; Students of 02 majors in training * Time trials The trial period is from August 22, 2017 to October 22, 2017, divided into phases: Phase 1: Conducting testing at facility 1, from August 22 to September 20, 2017 Phase 2: Conducting the test at establishment 2, from September 22 to October 22, 2017 * Content of the experiment At each testing facility, the author and his collaborator conducted a test of measure 3: "Organizing the development of training programs in the direction associated with the needs of businesses and society", organizations building, implementing and testing training programs * Testing Method The test is conducted according to a controlled test method In trial facility 1, the PhD student follows the training program in both trial and control classes The control classes are still conducted like the old training program, the test classes are conducted under the new training program At the end of each test, the PhD student conducted a test, synthesized, analyzed and compared the results of the conformity of the training objectives and the meeting the output standards between the test and control classes at the same time * Methods of measurement and evaluation of test results Criteria for evaluating test results The relevance of the training program to the needs of the employer business through the qualities and competencies of graduates Through the CDIO approach (Conceive and Design and Implement and Operate), requires a close cooperation between scientists, educational experts, experienced teaching staff, young staff trained abroad are teaching in and out of the school with entrepreneurs, representatives of the training organization and some former students from the training 22 industry With the intelligence and the active participation of such a large team, the new training program is not far from the vivid realities of the socio-economic development career, meeting the requirements of increasingly deep international integration wide Therefore, the PhD student is based on basic criteria: Criterion 1: The objectives of the training program are clearly defined, consistent with the mission and vision of the educational institution, and in line with the objectives of vocational education Criteria 2: The training program's output standards are clearly defined, covering both the general and specific requirements that learners need to achieve after completing the training program The training program output standards reflect the requirements of the stakeholders, are periodically reviewed, adjusted and made publicly available The measurement and evaluation of test results are conducted in rounds: Round 1: Measure the fit of the goal Evaluate the program goals that meet the model of skilled workers according to the school's specialty Round 2: Measure compliance with output standards The qualities, skills, and attitudes of students have been statistics through the learning results of the majors Analysis and evaluation of test results Analysis of test results was conducted both quantitatively and qualitatively according to two defined criteria Qualitatively With criterion 1, evaluate the suitability of the training program With criterion 2, standard evaluation of knowledge, competence, attitude, labor discipline, practical skills Quantitatively In order to evaluate the results of quantitative testing, quantitative evaluation criteria have been quantified corresponding to the points 23 In order to objectively evaluate the impact of experiments, we used parameters such as: average score, variance, standard deviation, test quantity 5.2.2 Progress and analysis of test results 5.2.2.1 Experimental process * Preparation for testing Step 1: Survey, select and grasp the quality of the classes before conducting the test Step 2: Fostering and guiding collaborators to experiment Step 3: Analyze the program, compile documents * Conduct experiments * End of testing 5.2.2.2 Analysis of experimental results Firstly, analyze empirical results quantitatively Second, analyze test results qualitatively Conclusion of chapter To prove the necessity and feasibility of the proposed measures, the PhD student conducted a trial by consulting experts (including 45 managers and 55 lecturers) at 03 the transportation schools The testing process was conducted closely, objectively, analyzing and evaluating the test results showed that the feasibility and necessity of the proposed measures are positively correlated with each other To further demonstrate the proposed measures, graduate students have conducted one of the seven measures, which is measure 3, to organize the development of training programs in a way that aligns with the needs of businesses and society The experiment was conducted in batches at 02 experimental facilities through the selection of experimental classes and control classes The experimental results have proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the training management measures at the transportation schools to meet the proposed social needs 24 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion 1.1 The dissertation has confirmed the role and meaning of vocational training, especially the transportation industry at the intermediate level These are human resources for the labour market both domestically and internationally Training to meet the needs of society is an appropriate choice to link training with use, between schools and businesses 1.2 In order for the training to go into order, the management subjects need to have a firm grasp of the management content, see the factors affecting the training management at the transportation schools to meet the social needs, Since then there are appropriate management measures 1.3 Through surveys, surveying the training status, the situation of training management and the effect of the factors affecting the training management at the transportation schools, show that: students of transportation schools have proper awareness about the position, role and tradition of the Transport industry Each cadre, civil servant, officer, and employee of the Transport sector must continue to be deeply aware of their responsibility to the Party, the State and the People on the mission: "to go ahead to pave the way and develop traffic vessels of the country " Most students know how to uphold professional ethics, consider the task of learning and cultivating cultivation as a central task and a goal to be directed Besides the positive factors, a part of the students also revealed certain limitations in the process of awareness of professional ethics The management of training to meet the requirements of the labour market has been concerned and innovated by the educational management staff However, the quality and effectiveness of this management work sometimes, at a time and in certain cases in some specialities of some technical schools also reveal limitations and shortcomings The cause of the limitation is the subjective factor of the educational management subject 1.4 The dissertation has proposed measures of training management at transportation schools to meet social needs The proposed measures are suitable with the psychological characteristics, specific learning activities and vocational training in the technical fields The measures are aimed at managing the training in a unified, coherent and efficient manner, which is suitable for each transportation school 25 1.5 Testing has proven the effectiveness and stability of the training management measures at the transportation schools to meet the social needs proposed by the PhD student Recommendations From the results of theoretical and practical research of the topic, the PhD candidate proposes some recommendations as follows: 2.1 For the Ministry of Transport, General Department of Vocational Education - Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs 2.2 For General Department of Vocational Training and Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs 2.3 For transportation schools 2.4 For teachers of transportation schools 2.5 For transportation school students to meet social needs ... Schubert & Goedegebuure (2018) Typically in Vietnam, there are authors: Nguyen Minh Duong, Tran Khanh Duc, Nguyen Loc, Bui Minh Hien, Nguyen Minh Nguyet and Tran Cong Sang 1.1.2 Studies on vocational... objects create a relationship of "supply and demand" and this approach allow to identify gaps and bottlenecks in the supply-demand of human resources through vocational training to have appropriate... on 10 students to equip vocational knowledge and practice practical skills and forming career attitudes for students that appropriates and gears towards responding to individual and collective