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Bài viết trình bày ý tưởng thiết kế tháp Dubai, định nghĩa nhà cao nhất thế giới; mô tả kết cấu, phân tích thiết kết và kết cấu kiến trúc tháp Dubai. Để biết rõ hơn về nội dung chi tiết, mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
DIEN DAN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE PAAM ^mm mww CAU % - i ^ i KB Z7 M is P G S T S NGUYEN BAO HUAN - C D C Y tudng thilt k l : Canh quan sa mac Rub Al Khali ket n i l vdi cang bien vung vjnh Persic tupng trung cho sdc s i n g va p h i n vinh thjnh vupng cua Tieu vuong quic Dubai KTS Adrian Smith cam nhan ring dinh ciia toa nha Dubai thilt k l da cao d i n tpt dinh mpt each "thanh nha & duyen dang" td day cd the nhin toan canh dudng chan trdi nhpn nhjp Hoa sa mac la nguIn cam cho y tudng xay dyng thap Dubai, lam thay doi dudng v i i n trung tam mdi Dubai K i t c l u ngoai hinh kiln true cd tinh on djnh d l k i t hpp cac anh hudng van hda, Ijch sd truyin t h i n g ban dja va t i l p thu kiln true hien dai Phuang Tay Cac tda nha mai vom va chdp nhpn, kiln true H6i giao kieu x o l n I c vdi c l u true loi trung tam bung xung quanh ba canh hoa la y tudng kiln true nha d tao dyng mat bdng hinh hpc ba true Thap vdi hinh khii xoay I c nhpn dan theo chilu cao, thap nhu mgt cay kim duac mieu ta la "thanh phd thang dung" bdi no lam lu md mgi toa cao 6c hien co va day lui mgi gidl han Kiin True & Xay Dung Vdc dang canh hoa xoe nhj hoa vut cao la bieu trung ciia Thap n i l tilp khdng gian kiln true luon nhin t h i y canh mat trdi moc va lan, Thap tao moi trudng d, nghi ngoi va giai tri vui choi d l chju vdi mdi trudng sing nhilu anh sang ty nhien, g i n k i t gilc mo "decugc sdng va cdng tac cua ngudi dan tdt dep han" Djnh nghTa "nhd cao nhat th§ g i d i " Ngay td ddu, ngudi ta d i n ring ring thdp Burj Dubai khdng chl Id k i l n true cao nhlt cua t h i gidi, md Id vdt the nhan tao duyen ddng dpc ddo ddng ty giura sa mac cdc t i i u vuong q u i c A Rap Hpi d i n g Nhd cao t i n g vd C h l d thj (CTBUH), ldp tai dai hpc Lehigh d Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, cd tru sdtai vien Illinois, Chicago (My) Chu tjch, ong AntonyWood cong b l cdc chilu cao ky luc qua b i n tieu chuan cho thap Burj Dubai (tfnh td via hd cira vao chinh) sau: Nhilu tdng nhlt: 162 t i n g , trudc day Tod nhd Hinh 2: Maf bang kien true dien hinh khaeh san Hinhl: Toa thap nhff mot cay kim Taipei Ddi B a d 01 tang Dinh mdi nhd 643,3m; trudc ddy nhd Taipei 101 Ddi B I C 449,2m Oinh k i t c l u sdn nhd 624,1 m; trudc ddy Taipei Ddi Bde 509,2m Bom betdng t h i n g ddng 643,3m - ky luc trudc day Taipei 439,2m Oinh chdp Anten: 828m - Thdp Sears ChicagoMy cao 527m c l u true dimg ty do: CN Toronto Tower Canada cao 553m Mac dii chilu cao c u l i cung ciia thdp Dubai ngdy hdm mdi Ip dien, nhung thdp da dat phdn Idn s l tieu chuan ddng ke t i t cd cdc chilu cao nhlt cua Ban gidm khdo Hpi ddng trpng tdi CTBUH nhu trdn lUlo td K i t c l u Mat bdng k i l n true thdp Dubai dang T " x o l n I c cd Idi cung len cao d i n ngpn thdp (Hinh 3) Id y tudng cua cong trinh su Bill Baker - SOM: nhdm gidm tdi trpng gid va dap len thap, cOng nhu gid cho c l u true bdtdng don gidn, kiln true b i n virng dn djnh (constructability) Mat bdng ba cdnh (wing) thdp "Y" cd mpt chuli cpt mui ddu h i i ndm tren sdn t i n g cung, nhimg tudng ddi ngan khong gian kiln true ba nhdnh thdnh hdnh lang d i u dupc lidn k i t vdo Idi luc gidc gida tod thdp nhdm ching x o l n hidu qud (torsionally) cho cdng trinh Vdn phdng K i l n true SOM dp dung quy ludt hinh NGUdi XAY DI/NG S THANG 6-2011 P H A N T I C H KET C A U & T H I E T KE Hinh 3: Thap dang thi cong hpc kiln true d l i xirng tuyet d l i de t i t ca cdc p h i n td cpt tru betdng va mang vach ciia cac canh thap dupc lien k i t tieu chuan qua loi trung tam Cac canh thap len cao thu hep d i n tao nam (5) bac san co hpc (tiers), m i l bac cd nhilu san k i t c l u dien hinh thilt k l lap lai theo mpt md hinh xoan I c nhdm day nhanh t i c dp xay dyng Thap cdng len cao cang nhpn d i n gay trd ngai to chdc so d l truyin tai trpng dimg, nhu vay cac cpt m i l tdng tren ndn thing tya tren cac tudng t i n g phfa dudi tao dudng truyin tdi trpng lien tuc D i l u cho phep xdy dyng m i l bac Hinh 4: Loi effng luc giac gdm cac tffdng chju cit NGUdi XAY DUNG SO THANG • 2011 san cirng thu hep md khong gap trd ngai lien quan thudng xuyen d i n ehuyen ddi vj trf cac cpt tang tren Nhdng khoang lui thu hep b l rpng t i n g cimg nhu yay lam thay ddi b l rpng cua mdi cdnh thap qua mdi ting cdng Theo SOM mpt sdng tao ciia ky su k i t e l u la gib xoay khdng bao gid hinh dupc tren kiln true thap Ky su Bill Baker ndi: "Ket cau phai kit hgp cung vdi kiin true va thiit ki ben vdng khdng the tach rdi" Phan ti'ch t h i l t k l & k i t cdu Cac vach cdng chju cat ciia loi betdng hinh luc giac cd dp ddy tU 1300 mm gidm d i n 500 mm cung cac lanh td cira cao td 800 mm d i n 1100 mm hinh mpt k i t e l u tdm cdng khdng x o l n tuong ty lang tru liln xung quanh mpt k h i i Cac tudng trung tam thap b l trf hinh luc gidc lai dupc gia cudng bdi tudng hdnh lang va cpt d d i u hdi cde canh tao nhu mang ludi vd cac son sdn dam gian hdng cdng ngang de c h i n g e l t vd moment gib D i m gian hdng (outrigger) betdng liln k h i i ndm tren cac san tdng mechanic cho phep thay ddi nhip cot dpc lap rpng hon tai cac tdng dudi, len t i n g tren thu hep tham gia vdo chiu lyc, tang kha nang ching dotal trpng ngang truyin vdo Idi thap luc gidc, vi vay tit ca cac k i t c l u dung d i u tham gia h i trp ehing dd ca tai trpng dung (lyc trpng trudng) vd tdi trpng ngang V4 cudng dp betdng: mac cao thudng hiem nen kich thudc k i t c l u sdn Idn, tai trpng ban than nang truyin len Idi cimg vd cac cpt bien Betdng Mdc cao cung d i n g nghTa sddung vat lieu ft hon, gidm thieu dang ke td biln bdng each tang ty trpng vd Idm tU biln cham lai Cf day sd dung xi mang Portland vdi M800 (C60) d i n Ml 000 (C80) cho tudng betdng ehju elt Thilt kl sd dung c l p p h l i be tong tai chd Cu the c l p dp b i n C80 (cudng dp chiu nen cua betdng cdn thilt phdi d l cap d i n cudng dp sau 48 ngdy vl cdng trinh chiu tai trpng dpng v l sau) dat gi^ tri quy djnh Md-dun dan hdi E = 43.800N/mm' (6350ksi) cho tudng betdng d t i n g thdp hon Sir dung kfch thudc t l i uu cho trudng vd cpt lam viec theo cong nang/phuong phap c l p s l nhan Lagrange r i t hieu qua (Baker et al.2000) T h i l t k l k i t edu be tdng pliu hpp yeu c l u Tieu chuan ACI 318-02 Hinh 5: Mo hinh mat bang phan tich P H A N T I C H KET C A U & T H I E T KE Dp ddy tudng vd kfch thudc cpt dupc dieu chlnh de giam bdt nhumg dnh hudng td biln vd co ngdt betdng nhiJng clu kien dpc lap tao nen he kit clu De giam td biln chenh lech co ngdt betdng giua cdc cpt tren chu vi vd cdc tudng phid trong, kfch thudc cdc cpt dupc tli uu de ung suit trpng lupng trpng trudng gay tren cpt ngang bdng vdi img suit tren cdc bUc tudng hdnh lang ben mil canh Nam (5) sdn chuyen ting (sdn dat outrigger nhu dim gian hdng cdng) se phdn phli lai tdi trpng tod nhd, lien kit (tie) tit cd cdc clu kien thing ddng cung chju tdi trpng, hon nda bdo ddm Ung suit trpng trudng phan b l diu, vl vdy giam chenh lech chuyen djch khdc be tdng co ngdt Ndi chung dli vdi cpt hodc tudng mdng thi td biln betdng xay nhanh hon, CO ngin kfch thude kit clu dd thilt k l chpn dp ddy tilt dien cpt cdn 600mm (24") se phu hpp ciing ty le vdi tudng hdnh lang (ty le tuong ty td the tfch din b l mat) Hinh 6: Ket ciu chju Iffc chinh toa thap Mat cdt mdi thdp Id kit cdu he thdp cheo ngang, chdp (spire erection) nhpn thing ddng dupc thiet k l chju tdi trpng trpng trudng, dp lyc gid dpng, lyc dpng dit vd dp bin mdi theo yeu clu ciia Tieu chuan tdi trpng cho thilt k l ddc biet dli vdi tod nha ket clu thdp -AiSC (1999) Cdc thep tilp xuc mdi trudng dupc boc nhdm de ching chdy Kit cdu mdi chdp dupc phdn tfch bdng phin mim ETABS phien bdn 8.4 (bao gdm ca phdn tfch P-Delta) cho tdi trpng trpng trudng, luc gid vd tdi trpng dpng dit Cac md hinh phan tfch ba chilu bao gdm cdc bUc tudng be tdng elt thep, cdc dim lien kit tdm sdn, bdn mdng bd, cpc khoan nhii, vd mdi chdp nhpn kit cdu thep Cdc phdn tfch todn dien md hinh 3D gdm hon 73.500 phin td shells vd 75.000 phin td nut Dudi tac dpng tdi tdi trpng gid, thap bj chuyen djch ngang A ndi Chung id binh thudng: ngudi lam viec t r0ngVdn phdng ting cao nhlt elt Dang dao dong Dana dao dong + , 9m [chuyen djch ngang A = 250mm] ngudi d can hp ting cao nhdt + , 3m [chuyen djch ngang A = 540mm] D s) luc dupc thyc hien mpt vdi vung nhu thdp bj gid thdi b i c len, bay vd hinh dang k i l n true dupc thilt k l dilu chlnh lai Ba cdnh thdp l l n lupt gid xoay theo chilu kim d i n g h i vdi cdnh A gid ddu tien (Hinh 10& 12) Sau mdi dpt thd nghiem I n g thdi gid, cdc dd lieu dua vdo phan tfch vd kiin true toa nha lai dieu ehinh de gidm thieu hieu umg gid vd phu hpp vdi nhung thay ddi md khdng lien quan ehuong trinh cua khdeh hdng Nhin chung, s l lupng vd khodng cdch giua cdc l l n thyc hidn thay ddi nhu dd Idm Id c h i p nhdn dupc Kit qud qud trinh ndy ddn d i n dp lyc gid len thdp giam ddng ke bdng cdch "xdo dpng" gid "khulch tdn" xody khdng theo quy ludt md chi hudng theo chilu cao Abstract: The goal of the Burj Dubai Tower is not simply to be the world's highest building; it's to embody the world's highest aspirations The superstructure is final construction and as of fall 2008 and has reached over 162 stories, 818m tall The final height of building is not a" well - guarded secret" The heigh of the multi- use skyscraper with 280 000 m^ (3,00G,000ff) Gross area tower multiuse will " comfortably" exeed the current record holder, the 509 meter (1671ft) tall Taipei 101 The Dubai Renames world's Tallest Tower Burj Khalifa, Official celebrace openning in January of 2010 and utilized for retail, Giorgio Armani Hotel, residential and office As with all super-tall project, difficult structural engineering problems needed to be addressed and resolved This paper presents the Super -tall Building Design Approach in Engineering experience for the Burj Dubai NGUdi XAY DUNG S THANG • 2011 ... vao mui C dffdi thip & gio hut giffa canh A&Bd tren cao UWetHMCT MjOoncnoH Hinh 9; Mo hmh ong thoi dan hoi & gio dong NGUdi XAY DI/NG S THANG • 2011 ^ PHAN T I C H KET C A U & T H I E T KE quan... tach rdi" Phan ti'ch t h i l t k l & k i t cdu Cac vach cdng chju cat ciia loi betdng hinh luc giac cd dp ddy tU 1300 mm gidm d i n 500 mm cung cac lanh td cira cao td 800 mm d i n 1100 mm hinh... trpng ngang V4 cudng dp betdng: mac cao thudng hiem nen kich thudc k i t c l u sdn Idn, tai trpng ban than nang truyin len Idi cimg vd cac cpt bien Betdng Mdc cao cung d i n g nghTa sddung vat