Dấu ấn Việt hoá trong nho giáo thời Trần

Bài viết trình bày từ việc đưa người Việt nam vào phối thờ ở Văn Miếu Thăng Long đến dấu ấn Việt Hóa của Nho giáo ở thời Trần. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo bài viết để nắm chi tiết nội dung nghiên cứu.

DAU AN VIET HOA TRONG NHO GIAO THdl TRAN D6 TU viec dUa ngUdi Viet N a m v a o p h d i t h d d V a n Mieu T h a n g L o n g Cd mat d Viet Nam tQ trUde Cdng nguyen (1) cung vdi thdi diem ngUdi Han ddn Viet Nam va tidp tyc dUde truyen ba thdi ky Bfic thupe, Nho giao dupc du nhfip vao Viet Nam nhfim dap Qng yeu ciu thdng trj ciia chinh quyen phUdng Bic Vdi tu each la san pham cua chinh quyen phUdng Bac, dudi dang thQc tidp xuc vfi giao luu van hda cUdng bQc nen anh hudng ciia Nho giao xa hpi Viet Nam luc nfiy cdn rat ban chd Cho den d i u thd ky X, gidi Nho sT vfin cdn it di vfi ehUa trd thfinh mpt lUc lUdng xa hpi dang ke (2) Den the ky XI, van la he qua cua qua trinh tidp xuc va giao lUu vdi van hda Han, nhUng b dang thQc tiep xuc vfi giao luu ty nguyen/ty nhien, viec xay dyng va phat trien da't nude thdi dpc lfip tU chu trd thfinh mpt yeu ciu cap bach thi nhfi Ly da chu dpng tidp nhfin, sQ dyng Nho giao Ifim cho dya cho viee td chQc nha nudc, quan ly xa hpi, xay dung va cung cd' ehd dp quan chu tfip quyen Mpt nhQng bieu hien dd Ifi viec trieu Ly cho dung Van mieu b Thfing Long thd Khdng TQ - ngudi sang Ifip hpc thuyet Nho giao va cac hpe trd xuat sic eua dng (TQ phdi (3), Thap triet (4) vfi Thfi't thfip nhi hien (5)): "Mua thu, thdng Tdm HirONG THAO* ldm Vdn Mieu, ddp tUcfng Khdng Tit, Chu Cdng vd Td phdt, ve tUcfng Thdt thap nhi hien, bd'n miia cdng ti' Hodng thdi til den hgc d ddy" (Q) Diing 300 nfim sau thfinh lfip, den thdi T r i n , Vfin Mieu Thfing Long mang minh n6t mdi vdi viec ba ngudi Vi$t Nam Ifi Chu Vdn An, TrUcfng Hdn Siiu vfi Dd Tie Binh dUdc dUa vfio phoi thd b day, ngofii nhQng dai dipn cua Nho giao Trung Hoa da dUde nhfi L^ cho thd phyng NgUdi Vipt Nam d i u tien dupc nhfi Trin dua vao phdi thd cl Vfin Mieu Ifi Chu Vfin An Nfim 1370, thdi vua T r i n Nghp Tong, sau mfit, Chu Vfin An "dUcfc truy tdng tudc Vdn Trinh cdng, ban cho tdng tU d Van Mieu" (7) Chu Vfin An (1292 - 1370) Ifi ngUdi lfing thdn Van, xa Quang Lipt, huypn Thanh Tri, thupc qufin Hofing Mai, Hfi Npi n g Ifi t h i y giao cua Thai tvf T r i n Vupng sau Ifi vua T r i n Hien Tdng vfi Ifi mpt nhQng vj Tu nghipp d i u tien ciia trUdng Quoc Tvt Giam Ong cdn Ifi tac gia ciia bO Td thu thuyet Udc, tdm tfit bdn bp sach ldn Ifi \jugn NgQ, Dgi hgc, Trung Dung, vfi Manh Tic dung lfim giao trinh giang d^y cho ngQdi Viet Cd the ndi Chu Vfin An Ifi ngudi cd nhQng ddng gdp khdng nhd cho sy 'Th.S Khoa Lich sQ - Trudng Dai hpc KHXH&NV - DHQGHN D5U fin Vi^t hda h-ong Rho gi6o 27 nghiep giao dye thdi T r i n Ong cung Ifi mdt nhfi Nho khfing khai, dung cam vfi trung tryc bdi chfnh dng la ngUdi tQng dang Thdt trdm sd, de nghj nhfi vua cho ch^m bay ten njnh t h i n de giQ yen tinh hinh chfnh sU nUdc Ong cung Ifi mdt nhQng dai dien eua Nho giao thdi Trin, dQng tren lap trUdng, quan diem cua Nho giao de phe phan hp tu tUdng khae dd cd Phat giao Trong bfii bia b chua Khai Nghiem, Bic Giang dng soan ed doan viet: "Hien Ca ngpi dng, Ngd Si Lien viet: "Hay Idy thdnh trieu dem gido hod nhd vua nhU Vdn Trinh md ndi, thd vua td't thang thdn ccfn gid thdi lin di chdn chinh phong tuc can ngdn, xudt xit thi ldm theo nghia ly, ddi bgi, thi di doan cdn bo, chinh dgo nen ddo tgo nhdn tdi thi cdng khanh diu d cita theo Phdm ke si phu khdng phdi dgo dng md ra, tii't thdo cao thUcfng thi thiin tit Nghiiu Thudn khdng nen tdu d trUdc vua; cung thi'bdt ldm tdi dUdc Huong chi tU thi khdng phdi dgo Khdng Mgnh khdng nen dudng hodng md dgo ldm thdy dUcic chep thdnh sdch; thi' md [nhieu ke khdng nghiim, gigng ndi ldm Hit md bgn ninh hdt ldm the] cd cham cham ldm rdm niem Phdt phdi so Ngdn ndm vi sau, nghe phong thi hdng ndi ddi ai?" (10) cua dng, hd khdng ldm cho ke diiu ngoa TrUdng Han Sieu tho'ng linh quan Than thdnh liim chinh, ngUdi yiu hen ba't tii ldp Sach trfi'n thu Hoa Chau, sau mac benh, trd dUcfc hay sao? Ong thiic ddng dUOc coi Id ve roi ehdt, dupe tfing Thai phd (11) dng td cua cdc nhd nho nUdc Viet ta md thd Nfim 1380, dudi trieu vua Trin Phe Dd, vdo Vdn Mii'u" (8) ngUdi Vipt Nam thQ va la ngudi Vipt Nam Mpt nfim sau Chu Vfin An dupc dUa cuoi cQng dupe dua vao phdi thd d Vfin vfio thd t^i Vfin Mieu Thfing Long, nfim Mieu Dd la Do Tu Binh (12) 1371, cung dudi thdi vua T r i n Nghp Tdng, ngudi Vipt Nam thQ Ifi TrUdng Han Sieu NhQng ghi eh6p Dgi Viet sd ky tidp tyc dupc ban cho "tdng tU d mieu todn thu ve Do TQ Binh chi eho biet dng Ifi ngudi da tQng trai qua cac chQc Ngy tien Khdng Tii' (9) TrUdng Han Sieu, ty Ifi Thfing Phu, hpc sinh, Thj giang, giQ viec Vien Xu mfit, ngUdi xa Phuc Am, huypn Yen lOianh, tinh dong Tri mdn Ha Binh ChUdng sU, Hanh Ninh Binh Ong tQng lfim quan dudi bdn khien vfi cd nhiem vy tra'n gid d Hda Chau trieu vua nha T r i n Ifi: T r i n Anh Tdng, de ngfin ngQa Chiem Thanh qua'y rd^i Trin Minh Tdng, T r i n Hien Tdng, vfi T r i n Dy Tdng TrUdng Han Sidu da tCmg giQ chQc Hfin lam vipn hpc si, Ifi ngUdi cQng coi, gidi vfin ehUdng chfnh sy Ong cQng Nguyen Trung Ngan bien djnh bp Hodng triiu dgi diin, khao soan bp Hinh thU Ong Ifi tae gia cua bfii phu Sdng Bgch Dang, khai quat chien cdng cua quan dan nhfi T r i n chdng quan Nguyen Vdi uy tin vfi hpc vfi'n eua minh, TrUdng Han Sieu da dupc cac vua Trfin tQng gpi b i n g Thiy Tuy nhien, Khdm dinh Viet sd thong gidm cUcfng mue da cung cfi'p them thdng tin ve que quan cua Do TQ Binh O mue "Idi chua" cua sy kien nfim 1348 Do TQ Binh dupc bd dung lam Thi giang cd ghi: "Tit Binh: ChUa rd ngUdi d ddu Sdch An Nam chi cua Cao Hung TrUng nhd Minh chep: "d huyen Co Lan cd vUdn Td Binh, vUdn cd mai, true, khe sudi vd hd ao, Id mdt chd thdng cdnh huyen de du thudng" Nhu the cd le Tu: Binh Id ngUdi huyin Co Lan? Huyen Co Lan tdc Id Ddng 28 Quan ngdy nay, thugc tinh Nam Dinh (13)" (14) Nhu vfiy, chi rieng mpt trieu dai trieu T r i n - cung mpt luc da cd ngUdi Viet dupe dUa vao phdi thd d Van Mieu ben canh cac nhfi Nho Trung Hoa Tuy nhien, khdng phai ca ba ngUdi nfiy deu dUde tiep tyc thd ty cho den NhQng ghi ch6p eua Ngd Thi Si Dgi Viet sii ky tiin biin cho biet ddn khoang thd ky XVIII, TrUdng Han Sieu vfi Do TQ Binh khdng cdn dupc tiep tyc thd b Vfin Mieu (15), nhfi't cdn mpt minh Chu Van An tidp tyc dupc phdi thd tai giai vu phfa tay nhfi Vfin Mieu cung vdi Thfi't thfip nhj hien Trong p h i n d i u cua bai viet nfiy, ehung toi khdng di sau vfio viee lufin giai ly vi cac nhfi Nho Vipt Nam dUdc chpn vfio phdi thd vfi sau nfiy khdng dupe tidp tyc phdi thd d Vfin Mieu (16) ma chi mud'n nhfin manh den sy kien nha T r i n da dUa ba ngUdi Vipt Nam vfio phdi thd cung vdi nhQng nhfi Nho Trung Hoa - nhQng ngUdi da cd cdng sang lap va phat trien Nho giao - vfi nhin nd nhU la da'u an Vipt hda cua Nho giao Vipt Nam thdi T r i n D e n d a u a n Viet h o a ciia Nho giao d thdfi T r a n 2.1 Dieu dau tien ein khfing djnh la khdng phai ddn nha Trin, Nho giao d Viet Nam mdi dupe Viet hda NhU mpt thupc tfnh cua qua trinh tidp xuc va giao lUu van hda, Nho giao cung nhu cac thfinh td vfin hda khae vao Vipt Nam ludn ed xu hudng dupc Vipt hda, dUde bien ddi cho phu hdp tu duy, each thQc, ldi sdng eua ngUdi Vipt Nhieu khai nipm/quan niem ban d i u ciia Nho giao b Trung Hoa da dUde "eai bien, mang tinh dan tpc, nhan dan" (17) Ndi each khae la "cac nha Nho Vipt Nam vi cong cupc xay dyng xa hpi vfi bao ve To HghlSn curu Lich sir, sg 8.2009 qud'e da tiep nhfin vfi khai thac nhQng yeu td Nho giao eho phu hdp vdi xa hpi vfi dfi't nUdc minh, phai 'Taan dja hda" (18) Nho giao dUdc ngUdi Viet tidp nhfin "khdng bfin nhieu ve ly lufin phQc tap, mfi ehu trpng vao cung cd'nhan luan hieu de, cung cdnen kinh td ndng nghiep, cung cd khdi cpng dong gia dinh - hp tpc - xdm lfing, cung cd viee hpe hfinh khoa cQ" (19) Npi hfim cua chQ "trung", "hieu", "nghia" cua Nho giao Viet Nam khdng hofin toan gidng vdi nghia gdc ban d i u nd dUde du nhfip tQ Trung Qud'e sang 2.2 Tuy nhien, ndi ddn dfi'u fi'n Vipt hda cua Nho giao Vipt Nam thdi Trin, ehung tdi mud'n nhfi'n manh ddn sy kipn nhfi nUdc phong kien chfnh thQc dQa ngUdi Viet vao phoi thd tai Vfin Mieu Thfing Long - ndi thd ty hfing d I u hp thdng cac di tich thupc Nho giao Dfi'u fin Viet hda quan trpng cua Nho giao b thdi T r i n se the hipn rd n6t hdn dat tUdng quan so sanh vdi trieu L^ va trieu Le, nhQng trieu dai dupe coi Ifi dfit nen mdng cho sU hinh thfinh vfi phat trien cua Nho giao Viet Nam TrUdc tien ehung ta hay diem lai nhQng dfi'u mdc quan trpng cua nhfi L^ vipc tao dung nhQng cd sd d i u tien cho sy hinh Nho giao b Viet Nam Nfim 1070, nha L^ cho dUng Van Midu thd Khdng TQ Mieu thd Khdng Tii nguyen gd'e ed d Trung Qudc Nam thQ 27, nien hipu Khai Nguyen thdi DUdng, Khdng Tii dupe phong Ifi Vdn Tuyin VUcfng nen mieu thd Khdng TQ gpi Ifi Vdn Tuyin VUcfng mieu TQ thdi Nguyen, Minh ve sau phd bien gpi la Van mieu (20) Nhu Vfin mieu Thfing Long ciia thdi Ly cd npi dung vfi ten gpi gid'ng vdi Vfin midu/Khdng TQ mieu b Trung Qud'e Pgu gn Viit h6a h'ong Rho gi6o Nfim 1076, Qudc TQ Giam dUde xay dyng, trieu L5' chpn "quan viin vdn chdc, ngUdi ndo biit chd cho vdo Qudc Td Gidm" (21) Qudc Tu Giam cung la ten gpi cd nguon gdc sau xa tQ eae trUdng hpc cd tQ thdi Ha, ThUdng, Chu b Trung Hoa TQ nam 276 TCN, nha Tay Tfi'n, nien hieu Hfim Ninh thQ 2, Qudc TQ Giam la trUdng dfinh rieng cho quy tpc, em quan lai tQ ngu phdm trd len vfio hpe tfip (22) Nhu vfiy vipe cho xay dyng Van Midu - Qudc TQ Giam eua nhfi Ly ed ban gid'ng vdi md hinh dfi ed b Trung Hoa Nfim 1075, l l n d i u tien lich sQ khoa cQ Viet Nam, vua Ly Thanh Tdng cho td chQc khoa thi Minh kinh Bac hpe vfi thi Nho hpc tam trUdng (23) de tuyen lya nhan tfii Vipc td chQc thi cQ ciia nha Ly cung khdng nam ngoai sy md phong eua phudng phap lya chpn nhan tai cua Trung Hoa TQ thdi Tuy trd ve trUdc (tQc Ifi trUde the ky VII), vipc tuyen chpn ngUdi tfii b Trung Hoa thi tien cQ Ifi chinh, thi cQ Ifi phy Sau thdng nhfi't Trung Qudc, nhfi Tuy sang lfip khoa cQ - bude tien bp che dp tuyen chpn nhan tai (24) b thdi diem bfi'y gid - tQc la tuyen lUa nhan tfii qua thi cQ TQ thdi DUdng ve sau, khoa cQ d Trung Hoa ngfiy cfing ddng vai trd quan trpng vipc phat hipn vfi lya chpn nhan tfii cua chfnh quyen trung Udng Nhu vfiy, nhin mpt each tdng the, Nho giao Vipt Nam thdi L^ ed nhieu diem tUdng dong vdi Nho giao Trung Hoa ea ve vipc thd phyng ngUdi sang lfip hpc thuyet Nho giao vfi ve hinh thQc td chQc khoa cQ Thd ky XV, sau gianh dpc lfip dan tpc, nhfi Le da dUa Nho giao Vipt Nam phat trien len den dinh cao, trd thfinh qudc giao Ben c^nh vipc tiep tyc vfin thd ngUdi Vi^t Vfin Mieu da cd tQ thdi Trin, 29 vipe de eao Nho giao cua nha Le the hi$n tren nhieu Iinh vUe: trieu dinh eho mien lao djch vdi nhiing ngudi thi vfi hpc tap cl Qudc TQ Giam; dinh rd the le, thdi gian cho cac ky thi HUdng, thi Hpi, thi Dinh; dfit cae chQc Ngu Kinh Bac si, ban cfi'p cae ban in Ngu Kinh cua nha nUdc cho Qudc TQ Giam Trong vi vua cd nhieu ddng gdp nha't phai ke den vua Le Thanh Tdng vdi nhQng sQ kipn dang ghi nhfin: Nfim 1472, vua Le Thanh Tdng cho djnh le tu each eua Tien si (25) Nfim 1483, nhfi Le eho sua Vfin Mieu Qud'e TQ Giam: "ldm dien Dgi Thdnh, ddng vu, tay vu d Vdn Mii'u, cung dien Canh Phuc, kho chda vdn in, kho chda dd ti'le, ddng tay dUdng nhd Minh Ludn" (26) Nfim 1484, lln d i u tien vua Le Thanh Tdng cho dyng bia da tai Vfin Midu ghi ten tudi, que quan cua nhQng ngUdi Tien si, bat diu tQ khoa thi Nham Tufi't nfim D^i Bao thQ (nfim 1442) trieu Le Thai Tdng trd di (27) Hfin lam vipn ThQa chi Ddng cac Dai hpc si Than Nhan Trung da khfing djnh tinh t h i n de cao giao dye Nho hpc cua nhfi Le tren npi dung vfin bia: "Hiin tdi Id nguyin cua qudc gia Nguyin thinh thi the nUdc mgnh md hUng thinh Nguyin suy thi thi' nUdc yeu md thdp hen Vi the cdc bde di'vUcfng thdnh minh khdng ddi ndo khdng coi viic gido due nhdn tdi, ken chgn ke si, vun nguyin qudc gia ldm cdng viic cdn kip" (28) Cung nfim nfiy, nhfi Le edn quy djnh ve vipe ban cfi'p tien eho sinh vien ba xa (Thupng xa sinh, Trung xa sinh va Ha xa sinh) b trudng Qudc TQ Giam (29) Sau Le Thanh Tdng, cae vj vua tiep theo cua nhfi Le van tidp tyc d l cao vfi phat trien Nho hpc 20 Doi chieu vdi lich sQ khoa cii Trung Hoa, ehung ta tha'y, nhQng quy dinh cua nha Le ve viec td chQc thi HUdng, thi Hpi, thi Dinh; ve phan loai danh hieu dfinh cho nhiing ngUdi Tien si (Trang nguyen Bang nhan, Tham hoa, Hofing giap vfi Dp tam giap dong Tien si xua't than), vipc dyng bia Tien si va nhieu quy djnh khae ddi vdi Nho giao va Nho hpc b nhQng phUdng dipn nhfi't dinh van khdng nam ngoai sU anh hUdng, tiep nhan cua Nho giao Trung Hoa Nho giao ddi T r i n mac du it dUdc cac nhfi nghien cQu chu y so vdi trieu L^ vfi trieu Le nhung nhQng trinh bfiy b tren cho tha'y nho giao thdi Ly vfi thdi Le cd nhieu diem tUdng phong Nho giao Trung Hoa vdi viee dUa ngudi Viet Nam vfio phdi thd d Van Mieu, Nho giao cua thdi T r i n da mang mpt tfnh chfi't khae h i n Su kien cho tha'y lue nfiy Vfin mieu Vipt Nam ndi rieng va Nho giao Viet Nam ndi ehung khong cdn hoan toan dfip khudn theo nguyen mau Trung Hoa Ngoai ra, b thdi T r i n cdn xufi't hipn xu hudng chd'ng chu nghia giao dieu Nho hpc cung nhu xu hudng mud'n sQa chQa vfi ud'n n i n nhQng nguyen ly vfi tin dieu cua Nho giao 2.3 Dat bdi canh cung chju anh hudng eua vfin hda Trung Hoa qua trinh tiep xuc va giao luu van hda b giai doan dau cua thdi ky dpc lap, ty chu sau '1000 nam Bfic thupc; so sanh vdi hai trieu dai gin kd (nha Ly vfi nhfi Le), vipc dua cac nha Nho Viet vao phdi thd tai Vfin Midu Thang Long cua nhfi T r i n da ghi dfi'u dn dang ke viec chuyen Nho giao mang d i m anh hudng cua vfin hda Trung Hoa sang Nho giao mang ydu to' Vipt cl khfa canh nhfi nUdc ehinh thd'ng Rghjgn curu Lich si3r sg 8.2009 Cho den hdt thdi k^ phong kien cl Vi$t Nam - cl cac trieu d?ii tidp theo (Le sd, M^c, Le Trung Hung, Tay Sdn vfi trieu Nguyen) - khong cd ngUdi Viet Nam nfio dupc dUa vfio phdi thd them cl Vfin Midu cho nen sU kipn nfiy ciia nhfi T r i n cd the ndi Ifi sy kipn "vo tien khoang hfiu" vipc ngUdi Vipt da d i n bien Nho giao cua Trung Hoa thfinh Nho giao ciia Viet Nam .,; Viec dUa ngUdi Viet vfio phdi thd cQng cac nhfi Nho Trung Hoa da khfing djnh vai trd cua nhfi T r i n vipc sil dyng Nho giao nhu bieu hipn manh me cua sy trudng thfinh ciia dan tpc Vipt , Chpn hai nhfi Nho Ifi Chu Vfin An vfi TrUdng Han Sieu vfio phdi thd b Vfin Midu la thdng diep cua nhfi T r i n vipc khfing djnh Vipt Nam da cd nhQng nhfi Nho dich thye tidp cfin, n i m b i t cac quan diem cua hpc thuydt Nho giao Hay ndi nhU nhfi sQ hpc Phan Phu Tien thi: "Bac danh nho cdc ddi cd bdi trU dUdc di doan, truyin gid dUc3c dgo thdng tri thi mdi dUcfc cho tdng tu d Vdn Mii'u, thi' la di to ro dgo hgc cd nggn ngudn" (30) Tra ldi cau hoi tai nhfi T r i n lai dUa mpt vj quan vo nhU Do TQ Binh vfio phdi thd cl Vfin Midu Ifi dieu dang quan tam vfi cin dupc nghien cQu them Nhung ft nhfi't nd cung cho thfi'y doi tUpng mfi nhfi T r i n dUa vfio phdi thd khdng chi ddn t h u i n Ifi cac dai dipn ciia Nho giao mfi cdn cd ca dai dipn cua yeu td quyen lUc cua chfnh quyen nha nUdc Dieu nfiy p h i n nfio phan anh thd gidi quan vfi nhan sinh quan cua nhfi T r i n luc bfi'y gid 2.4 Nhu vfiy, ben canh nhQng ddng gdp to ldn ciia nha Ly, nhfi Le doi vdi Nho giao Vi$t Nam, ndi den dfi'u fi'n Vipt hda cua Nho giao Vipt Nam khdng the khdng nhfic ddn trieu T r i n , mpt trieu dai dfic bi$t T>6\i 6n Viit h6a h^^ng Rho giao khdng chi IQng danh vdi l l n chidn thfing quan Nguyen - Mdng, vdi vipc tao ddng Phat giao mang yeu td Vipt (Tnic Lam) mfi edn la trieu dai cd cdng tao sy khae bipt cho Nho giao Viet Nam vdi Nho giao Trung Hoa Mpt l l n nQa, dieu khfing djnh "ban 31 linh", "ban sic", 'Tcha nang Qng bien" (nhU chQ diing cua cdGS T r i n Qudc Vudng), tinh uyen chuyen cua ngudi Viet Nam, cua van hda Vipt Nam qua trinh tiep xuc, giao lifu vdi van hda phUdng Bac ndi rieng va van hda nUdc ngoai ndi ehung CHU THtCH (1) Vi6n Khoa hpc Xa hpi Vi§t Nam, Vi^n Tri^t hpc, Lich sd tU tUdng Viit Nam, tfip Nxb Khoa hpc xa hoi, Hfi Npi, 1993, tr 80 Tfl Ma Canh, tfl Tfl Ngflu Nhan Hanh, tfl Tfl Liiu Vu Ma Thi, tfl Tfl Ky (2) Lich sd tu tudng Viet Nam, sdd, tr 159 (3) Tfl phdi: Nhan Hoi, Tang Sam, Tfl Tfl vfi Tao Tufi't, tfl Tfl Tufin Manh Tfl 10 Cdng Ton Long, tfl Tfl Thach (4) Thdp triet Trong so hpc trd cua Khd'ng Tfl cd 10 ngfldi thfit xufi't sac tflng dflpc Khdng Tfl ndu ten, tieu bieu cho tflng mfit dflc hanh, ngdn ngfl, vfin hpc vfi chinh sfl Nho gia ddi sau gpi 10 vi nfiy Ifi Thfip trie't (mfldi ngfldi hign trig't, xufi't sfic nhfi't sau hfing Tfl phdi) V$ sau, Nhan Uyen, Tfing Sam dflde nfing ldn hfing Tfl phoi, cdn lai ngudi, nfing Hflu Nhflpc (thuOc hang Hiln) chpn thSm Chu Hy gpi ehung Ifi Thfip trid't Gom: M5n Tfl Td'n, Nhilm Ung, Doan MOc Tfl, Trpng Do, Boc Thfldng, Hflu Nhflpc, Nhigm Canh, Tl Dfl, Nhiim Ciu, Ngdn Yin, Chuydn Tdn Sfl, Chu Hy 11 Tfin Thfldng, tfl Phi Tu (5) Thdt thdp nhi hiin: 72 hpc trd gioi cua Khd'ng Tfl Ifi theo sd' ghi sfich Khdng mieu dd, bao gdm ca Tfl phdi vfi Thfip trid't Ndu khdng tfnh HQu Nhflpc da xd'p len hfing Thfip nhi trid't thi cdn 61 ngfldi khfie, ke theo danh sfich ghi Tdng sd 12 Nhan Cao, tfl Tfl Kieu, co tki heu ghi Ifi Nhan Khae 13 NhUdng Tfl Xich, tfl Tfl Do 14 Thach Tac Thuc, tfl Tfl Minh 15 Cdng Ha Thfl, tfl Tfl Thfing (Thfla) Hfiu Xfl, tu Tfl Ly (Thach Xfl) 16 Hfiu Xfl, tfl Tfl Ly (Thach Xfl) 17 Hi Dung Diem, tfl Tfl Triet 18 Nhan To, tfl Tfl Tfldng 19 Cau Tinh Cudng, tU Tfl Manh 20 Tfin Td', tfl Tfl Nam 21 Huyen Thanh, tfl Tfl Ky 22 Cdng Td Cu Tu, tfl Tfl Chi Dam Dfii Di$t Minh, tfl Tfl Vu 23 Yen Cfi'p, tfl Tfl Nguyen Hifi'n, tfl Tfl Tfl 24 Nhac Khai, tfl Tfl Thanh Nam Cung Qufi't, tfl Tfl Dung, hofic Nam Dung 25 Dich Hfic tfl Tich Thfldng Cfl, tfl Tfl Mpc 26 Khdng Trung, tfl Tfl Miet Tfi't Dieu Khai, tfl Tfl Nhflpc 27 Cdng Tay Dilm, tfl Tfl ThUdng Rghi^ curu Ljch sJr sg 8.2009 32 28 Nhan Chi Bpc, tU Tfl Thuc 59 Bd Thuc Thfing, tu Tfl Xa 29 Thi Chi Thfldng, tfl Tfl Hfing 60 Thfin Chfinh, tfl Chu 30 Tin Phi, tU Tfl Chi 61 Nhan Khoai, tfl Tfl Thanh (6) Dai Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip I, Nxb Khoa 31 Phat Bfi't Tl, tfl Tfl Tien hpc xa hdi Ha Npi, 1993, tr 257 32 Cdng Da Trfing, tfl Tfl Trudng (Tfl Chi) (7), (8), (9) Dai Viet sfl k^ tofin thfl, tfip II, 33 Cdng Tfch Ai, tfl Qu^ Thfl (Qui^ Huong) Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Npi, 1993, tr 151 152153, 156 34 Cao Sfii, tfl Tfl Cao 35 Phfin Tu, tfl Tfl Tri (Phfin Tri) 36 Cdng Tay Xi'eh, tfl Tfl Hoa 37 Lfldng Chien, tfl Thue Ngfl 38 Nhiem Nhu, tfl TQ Lo (10) Phfin Huy Chu, Lich triiu hie'n chUcfng toai chi, tfip 1, Nxb Sfl hpc, Hfi Ndi, 1960, tr 188 (11) Thdi Nguyen, nam Minh Menh thfl (1823), Trfldng Hfin Sieu dflde cho phu thd d milu Lich dai de' vUdng (12) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip II, sdd, tr 167 39 Ba Kien, tfl TQ Tfch (13) Nay thudc huyen Ddng Hung, tinh Thai Binh 40 Nhiem Qu^, tu Tfl San (14) Quoe sfl quan trieu Nguyen, Khdm dinh 41 Tfi't Dieu Xi, tfl Tfl LiSn Viit sd thdng gidm cUcfng mue, tfip 1, Nxb Gifio 42 Tfi't Dieu Do Phu, tfl Tfl Vfin due, Hfi Ndi, 1998, tr 620-621 43 Thfldng Trach, tfl Tfl Tu (15) Ngd Thi Si, Dgi Viit sd ky tiin biin, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hfi Ndi, 1997, tr 470 44 Nhfim Bfi't Tl, tu Tuyin 45 Cdng Lfldng Nhu, tfl Tfl Chinh 46 Cdng Kien Dinh, tfl Tfl Trung 47 Kilu Dan, tfl Tfl Gia 48 Han Phu Hfic, tfl Tfl Sfich 49 Vinh Kj^, tfl Tfl Ky 50 Ta Nhfin Dinh, tfl Tfl Hfinh 51 Trinh Qud'e, tfl Tfl Do 52 Nguyen Khfing, tfl TQ Tieh 53 Liem Khilt, tfl Dung vfi Tfl Thao 54 Thuc Trpng H$i, tfl Tfl Ky 55 Cdng Tay Dfl Nhfl, tfl Tfl Thflpng 56 Bang Ton, tfl Tfl Liim Lfim rd hdn vl y kien nfiy, cfic sfl gia phong kiln cung bfiy td quan diem khdng dong tinh vipe dfla Trfldng Han Sieu vfi Do Tfl Binh vfio ph^i thd b Vfin Mieu Vdi TrUdng Han Sieu, sfl thfin Ngd Si Lien viet: "TrUcfng Hdn Siiu la dng quan van hgc, vUgt hdn mgi ngUcfi, cdng coi, chinh trUc nhUng lgi chcfi vdi ke khdng ddng chcfi, gd gdi cho ngUcfi khdng ddng gd Thdi Minh Tdng, Hdn Sieu ldm Hdnh Khien, khinh bi ngUcfi cdng hdng, den ndi vu cho Pham Ngd, Li Duy nhdn hdi Id" [Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip II, sdd, tr 153, 156] Cdn vdi Do Tfl Binh, Ngd Si Lien len fin: "Td Binh ten ddnh cdp vdng cdng cua Bdng Nga, tdu bdy Ida vua, de de'n ndi Due Tdng di tudn phUcfng nam khdng tra vi nda, nUdc nhd td dd liin tiip cd tai hog Chiem Thdnh vdo cUdp, tgi dy giet cdng chUa ddng, cbn hgc nhdm chiiu ngUcfi thi chi trdch ldm gi?" [Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, tr 167] 57 Trfin Khfing, tfl Tfl Khfing (Tfl Cfim) 58 Cfim Trfldng (Cfim Lao), tfl Tfl Khai (Xem tiep trang 72) Rghien cuu Lich sit, sd 8.2009 72 (9) Trong co ki hieu SLOTFOM V-131 (10) Cach goi khae cac nfldc thuoc dia cua Phap (11) Hieu dinh ban dieh tfl tieng Phap: Trinh Ngpc Thai (12) Nguyen ban tieng Phap: Grace fi Son Excellence Albert Sarraut (13) Viet theo nguyen ban tieng Phfip (14) Viet theo nguyen ban tieng Phfip (15) Cac ten rieng ehfla ro phien am tieng Vi$t dflde gifl nguyen (16) Viet lai ten ho ten rieng theo bai in tren bao Thfle Ifi Hofing Quang Giu ngfldi da dflde tac gia nhfic d phfin tren cila bfii (BT) (17) Pantheon Ifi ndi de mo cua nhiing nhan vfit vi dai cua nfldc Phap 'i noi: Dfing trflde mot ndi trang nghiem nhfl vfiy lai eo don canh sfit (BT) (18) Ten in bfii bfio: Ngo-van-Tri, Ngdduc-Ke (19) Nhan vfit huyen thoai the hita cho sflc manh cua c i bfip (20) Nguyen vfin tieng Phap: Excellence '^ DAU AN VIET HOA TRONG NHO GIAO THdl TRAN (Tiep theo trang 32) (16) Vdi trfldng hdp cua D6 Tii Binh vfi Trfldng Hfin Sieu (17) Lich sd tu tudng Viet Nam, sdd, tr.161 (18) Phan Dai Doan (chii bien), Mdt sd vdn di ve Nho gido Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri Quoe gia, Hfi Noi, 1998, tr (19) Phan Dai Doan Mdt sdvdn di ve Nho gido Viit Nam, sdd, tr 10 (20) Td dien Td Nguyen, Nhfi in sfich Thfldng vu, Trung Qudc, 1997, tr 737 (21) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, tfip 1, sdd, tr 280 (22) Trung tam Hoat dong Van hda khoa hoc Vfin Mig'u - Quo'c Tii Giam, Vdn Mii'u - Qudc Td Gidm vd chi'do hgc hdnh thi cd Viet Nam, De tfii nghien cflu khoa hoe (ehfla xufi't ban), Hfi Noi, 1994, tr (23) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, tr 277 (24) Trung tam Hoat dong Vfin hda khoa hoc Van Mig'u - Quoc Tii Giam, Vdn Mieu - Qudc Td Gidm vd che hgc hdnh thi cd Viet Nam, tldd, tr 35, 40 (25) De nhfi't gifip ngfldi thfl nhfi't eho Chanh Luc ph^m, ngfldi dd thfl nhi cho Tdng Lyc phfi'm, ngfldi thfl ba cho Chfinh Thfi't phfi'm, deu dflde ban chfl "Tien si cfip de" De nhi gifip cho Tdng Thfi't ph^m, dflde ban chfl 'Tien si xufi't than" De tam giap cho Chfinh Bat phfi'm, dflde ban chfl "Dong Tien si xufi't than" Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, tfip II, sdd, tr 459 (26), (27), (29), (30) Dgi Viet sd ky todn thU, tap II, sdd, tr 486, 491-492, 491, 156 (28) Ngo Dflc Thp (chu bien), Vdn Mieu - Qudc Td Gidm vd 82 bia Tii'n si, Hfi Npi, 2002, tr 84  ... nhQng nhfi Nho Trung Hoa - nhQng ngUdi da cd cdng sang lap va phat trien Nho giao - vfi nhin nd nhU la da'u an Vipt hda cua Nho giao Vipt Nam thdi T r i n D e n d a u a n Viet h o a ciia Nho giao... Tien si va nhieu quy djnh khae ddi vdi Nho giao va Nho hpc b nhQng phUdng dipn nhfi't dinh van khdng nam ngoai sU anh hUdng, tiep nhan cua Nho giao Trung Hoa Nho giao ddi T r i n mac du it dUdc... i n bien Nho giao cua Trung Hoa thfinh Nho giao ciia Viet Nam .,; Viec dUa ngUdi Viet vfio phdi thd cQng cac nhfi Nho Trung Hoa da khfing djnh vai trd cua nhfi T r i n vipc sil dyng Nho giao