Bài viết khái quát về quá trình ra đời, mục đích của Pháp khi thành lập Viện Viễn Đông Bác Cổ hay chức năng , nhiệm vụ, cơ cấu tổ chức và một số hoạt động của Viện.
M[$^ vriar UONG B A C CO P H A P d TI$rt NA91 (1900 - 1957> LUU THI PHl/ONG LOAN V ien Viin Ddng Bae Co (edn ggi Trudng Viin Ddng Bae Cd') la mgt nhQng cd quan nghien cQu khoa hge nhan van ldn tren the gidi, nghien cQu ve cac dan toe vung Vien Ddng dQdc ddi theo Nghi dinh 15-12-1898 nhUng de'n thang 1-1900 mdi ed ten ggi ehinh thQc va 20-11-1901, Vien dQdc the ehe'hda Sic lenh eua Td'ng thd'ng Phap ban hdnh Trong giai doan 1900-1957, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd da edng bd' nhieu edng trinh nghien cQu khoa hge cd gia tri ldn ddi vdi lich sQ van minh Ddng DQdng va Ddng A Ddi vdi Viet Nam, cae cdng trinh nghien cQu cua Vien ddng vai trd quan trgng, cung ca'p cae chQng cQ va thdng tin lien quan de'n lich sQ hinh cac nen van hda - van minh Viet Nam cung nhu da xay dung dUde mgt kho tU lieu, cd vat, tranh anh so ve cae thdi ky lich sQ eua ede dan toe tren khap vung mien da't nQdc Viet Nam Bai viet gidi thieu khai quat ve qua trinh ddi, mue dieh eua Phap thdnh lap Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd', hay chQe nang - nhiem vu, ed ca'u td' chQe va mdt so'boat ddng eua Vien Q u a t r i n h r a d d i c u a V i e n V i e n D o n g B a e Co v a m u c d i c h ciia thvfc d a n P h a p k h i t h a n h lap Vien Vien D o n g B a e Co • Th.S TrUdng THPT Vinh Yen, Vinh Phiic NgQdi P h a p cd mdi quan tam, tim hieu ve phudng Ddng tQ kha sdm Ngay tQ the ky XVI, XVII, cae n h a truyen giao da dat chan len vung da't The ky XVIII, Napoleon Bonaparte cugc vien chinh Ai Cap da khdng quen m a n g theo mgt phai doan khoa hge de nghien cQu, ghi ch6p ve cae vung dat mdi GiQa the' ky XIX, de xuc tie'n cdng cudc xam iQdc Viet N a m va md rdng anh hQdng d vung Vien Ddng, cac nha c i m quyen P h a p da d a t len vai dgi ngu cae nha khoa hge Phap mgt trgng trach la phai quan tam va nghien cQu ve xQ sd Khd khan eua ngUdi P h a p luc la sd' lUdng eac nha kbda hge hieu bie't ve Viet Nam edn It va nhQng hieu bie't eua hg cdn ban hep dQng trUdc mgt da't nUdc cd nen van minh h a n g ngan nam lieh sQ Mat khae, trUde nam 1898, dgi ngu cac nha "Viet Nam hoc" cila Phap lai bao gom nhieu t h a n h p h i n khae nhau: ST quan hang hai, nha binh, nha truyen giao va ca mdt sd quan chQc dan sQ eua Nha nQdc thuge dia Hg ed the thdng thao tie'ng Viet hay cd d i u de uyen bae nhQng hg ehi la nhQng "nha bde hge lam thdi" phai thUe thi nhiem vu nghien cQu ve mdt linh vQe khdng thudc chuyen mdn cua minh (1) Han che'nay dQa tdi mgt he qua ta't yeu la nhQng hieu bie't Vien Vien E6ng Bae cd Phap 73 cua ngudi Phap ve Viet Nam la ehUa day Lemire va Pierre Lefevre Pontalis da dudc du, khdng dap Qng dUde nhQng ddi hdi ma thdng qua va de len Bd Giao due de thong gidi cim quyen Phap dat Sil hieu bie't bao eho toan quyen Ddng Dudng thi hanh thieu diy du dd khie'n thilc dan Phap Nam 1898, toan quyen Ddng Dudng khdng the dUa mdt ehinh sach cai tri, P.Doumer da lap phai doan khao ed' boc lot hieu qua d thuge dia Vi the, ddi vdi hge thudng true tai Ddng Dudng De'n gidi cim quyen Phap luc la e i n thie't thang 1-1900, td' chQe dUdc ddi ten phai lap eac ed quan, td' chQe nghien cQu Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd' Phap (cdn khoa hge nham tac mdt ddi ngu cac nha ggi TrUdng Viin Ddng Bae Cd' Phap), cd tru bae hge chuyen nghiep va trien khai eac sd tai Sai Gdn Sau dd khong lau, thang 12chudng trinh nghien cQu, tim hieu lieh sQ - 1901, Vien chuyen tru sd Ha Ngi Tru sd van hoa va nhQng die'm ehu chd't cua Nha dat tai ba ngdi nha nhd d phd Gambetta nudc Viet Nam, phuc vu eho edng cuge (nay la phd T r i n Hung Dao) va d sd phd thdng tri eua thilc dan Phap Dd la xet tren Thd Nhudm Vien edn dUde danh rieng eho phudng dien cac nha cam quyen Phap mgt ngdi nha lam ndi trien lam ve bao tang Xet tren phUdng dien eac nha khoa hge hge d khu Da'u Xio - Ha Ndi Td't nhien, Phap, mdt thUe te thu vi la, cang tie'p xuc trQdc yeu c i u cua gidi c i m quyen Phap luc va nghien cQu ve Viet Nam khie'n cae hge ba'y gid, viec lap Vien Viin Ddng Bae gia Phap cang hi ldi cud'n trude nen van hda Cd Phap cua toan quyen P.Doumer eung - van minh day sfle thuye't phuc cua ngudi khdng nam ngoai muc dich "khai hda van Viet Nam 1890, sdch Hoi ky An minh" va "tim hieu ro hdn de eai tri td't Nam, Bailie da viet rang: "Van minh Ddng hdn" d Viet Nam eung nhu Ddng Dudng phudng lau ddi hang nghin nam, ed mdt Chiifc n a n g - N h i e m vu ciia Vien nen phap ehe, nghe thuat van hda, nhQng Vien D o n g B a e Co anh va ngUdi dung cam, da trd Vien Vien Ddng Bde Co' Phdp hay nhQng qudc gia ed mgt nen chinh tri, to chQc chinh quyen hoan chinh de ngUdi TrUdng Vien Ddng Bde Co Phdp la hai each Phap chung ta tie'p xuc e i n phai can ndi cua cum tQ tie'ng Phap Ecole Francaise d'Extreme - Orient (ggi t i t la EFEO) Du va tdn kinh" (2) NhQng phat hien, nghien cQu ed gia tri ggi la TrUdng hay Vien thi ed quan nghien cua cae hge gia Phap khie'n hg nhan tha'y cQu khoa bgc ehi cd mdt ehQc nang rang: Ngudi Viet Nam dang sd hQu nen van nha't la nghien ciu lich si vdn hda vd cdc minh dae sic nhUng thdi gian va sU tan nen vdn minh cua cdc ddn tgc viing Vien pha ciia thien tai eung nhu viec ehua y Ddng, chil khdng thQc hien chQe nang dao thdc ve giQ gin gia tri van hoa eua ngudi tao nhu cac trudng khae theo ten ggi cua dan ban xQ dang lam cho nhQng di san dd nd Nhiem vu eua Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co diing trude nguy ed bi mai mdt Nam 1897, sau nhieu phat hien ve cac kie'n true thap d dUdc quy dinh dieu - Nghi dinh ve Binh Dinh, Charles Lemire la ngudi dau quy che doi vdi doan khao co hoc Ddng tien de xudng viee t h a n h lap mgt ed quan DUdng dang tren Cong bdo Dong DUdng nghieu cQu va bao quan nhQng di tieh lieh nam 1899: sit cua Ddng Dudng Tai hgi nghi Ddng Thdm khao cd vd ngi vdn tren phudng hge hgp d Paris, dQ an eua Charles todn bdn dao Trung - An, Uu tien bang mgi Rghien cOru Lich sit s6 9.2003 74 phudng tien de'n cdc kie'n thic lich si, cdc cong trinh kie'n true vd phUdng ngi cdng tdc mot cdeh hiu trinh khdo co Gdp phdn vao viec nghien ciu chuyen sdu cdc vung vd cdc nen vdn minh ldn can: An Do, Trung Hoa, Malaysia (3) Lanh dgo vd kie'm tra viec hge tap vd cong viec cua nhing ngUdi dUdc trd cdp se dUdc neu d dieu Vi mue dieh dy, Gidm ddc dUde quyin lap cdc phong ban tgo nguon cdn thiei nhu Thu vien, Bao tdng; thdnh lap vd chi dgo mgt dn phdm dd dang cdc edng trinh cua Dodn dUdc dUa len trUc tiep, tap hdp tdt cd nhing gi co the vd khuyen khieh ben ngoai bang cdch cho nhiing ldi khuyen, nhing kinh nghiem neu tdc gid cdn Vdi vai trd la td' ehQc chuyen nghien cQu ve chau A, thu nhan, kiem ke va phan tieh nhQng yeu td' eiia cae nen van hoa d luc dia ehau A, Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co' edn cd tham vgng md rdng tri thQc ve ehau A vUdt khdi ndi dung va phUdng phap nghien cQu cua eac nha Ddng phUdng hge Tay Au trUde dd Ngoai nhQng nhiem vu ed't ye'u dd, Vign Vien Ddng Bae Cd edn la ed quan thQa hanh mgt so' nhiem vu ma ehinh quyen Phap giao phd nhU: Tu v i n khoa hge eho nhieu td chQe ehinh quyen, van hoa - Uy ban danh t h i n g , Sd du lich, Hdi Dia ly Ha Ndi; cat cQ mdt t h a n h vien t h a m gia cdng tae giang day d cae trUdng hge cua chinh quyen Phap lap ra: Dai hge Ddng Dudng, Cad d i n g Van kbda Ha Ndi Cd c a u t o c h i l e c u a V i e n V i e n D o n g B a e Co Dieu 3, 4, Nghi dinh ve quy che' doi vdi dodn khdo co hoe Dong DUdng dang tren Cdng bdo Ddng DUdng nam 1899 eung ghi ro ve cd ca'u td' ehQc cua Vign Vien Ddng Bae Cd': Dieu Dodn cd mgt Gidm doc, dng Todn quyen bo' nhiem theo sU gidi thieu cua Vien Nghien ciu Vdn khdc Gidm dd'e dUdc bo' nhiem thdi han Id ndm vd cd the gia han nhiem vu cua Gidm ddc: Chi dgo vd tham gia gidng day, phdi cd trinh tie'ng Phan vd tie'ng Pali vd phdi bie't thiic hdnh khao co, ddo tgo nhing ngudi chdu Au hay bdn xi de hg cd dUdc phUdng phdp Idm viec tdt vd du ndng lUc ich tren cae cong Dieu Chic vu phd dodn phdi Id nhing ngUdi Phdp duac hudng lUcfng, dUdc sii ehi dinh cua Vien Nghien ciu Van khae, sdlUdng co the thay doi theo hodn canh vd thdi cugc, khong dUdc qud ngUdi moi trUdng hdp thdi diem thay doi Dieu Hdng ndm, Gidm dd'e phdi gii bdo cdo chi tie't len ong Todn quyen Ddng DUdng vi cdc cdng viec cua Dodn, cdc dn phdm dang Idm vd cdc dii dinh, hogt dgng cua cdc thdnh vien vd ndi chung tdt cd nhing gi co lien quan de'n ket qud vd tieh trien khoa hoc Bdo cdo ndy se dUdc vien Todn quyin thong bdo de'n Vien nghien ciu qua Bg gido due Vien nghien ciu se trao dd'i thdng tin vdi Gidm doe qua dd Vien se xi ly va thdng bdo nhing quan die'm hoac cho y kien (4) Ve bg mdy n h a n sQ, dQng dau Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd la Giam dd'e va Phd giam ddc deu la ngQdi Phap Giam dd'e cua Vien phai Toan quyen Ddng DQdng bd' nhiem vdi SQ gidi thieu eiia Vien Nghien cQu Van khac Phd Giam dd'e Vien Nghien cQu Van khae ehi dinh T h a n h vien ciia Vien bao gdm eac nha khoa hge P h a p va Vift Nam chuyen sau ve Ddng phudng hoc, ngdn ngQ hge, di tich, van hoa, my t h u a t cua Vien Vi^n E6ng Bae ed Phap Dong DQdng Hg deu phai dap Qng ddi hdi nhit dinh ve b i n g ca'p va trinh chuyen mon trUdc lam cdng tae vien eua Vien Cac nha khoa hge Viet Nam lam viee va nghien cQu eung vdi ngUdi Phap n h i m hai muc dieh rd rang la tim kie'm mdt kie'n thQc mdi, phQdng phap nghien cQu khoa hge mdi cua phUdng Tay va dUa vad nhQng nghien cQu khoa hge a'y de hieu biet ve di san van hoa - lich sQ cua dan toe minh Nim he tho'ng quan ly hanh chinh va chuyen mdn eua Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd' CO cae Vien Bao tang, Thu vien va Tap san rieng cd ten ggi "Tap san Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd" (Bullentin de I'Ecole Francaise dExtreme Orient - ggi t i t la BEFEO) Nhim bao quan va lUu giQ ede hien vat thu thap duge treng qua trinh nghien cQu, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' da xay dUng he thdng cae bao tang tren ea nUdc Ha Ndi, bao tang Louis Finot duge xay dung quy md vao nam 1926 va khanh nam 1932 Ben canh dd, Vien edn xay dUng va quan ly he thd'ng eac bio tang: Bio tang Khdme d Phndm penh (thanh lap 1906), Bao tang Cd' vat Cham d Da N i n g (thanh lap 1918), Bao tang Lao d Vieng Chan (thanh lap 1925), Bao tang Khai Dinh d Hue (thanh lap 1927), Bao tang Sai Gdn (thanh lap 1929) Ngay tQ Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co' ddi, ThQ vien rieng cua Vien da dUde lap nhim tap hdp, sUu t i m mgi tai lieu, ke ca nhQng a'n p h i m va nhQng van b i n chUa dUdc a'n thanh, nhQng ban vie't tay thudc linh vQc khoa hge xa hdi - nhan van, tranh anh, ban eung cae ddn vi bao, tap ehi Mgt a'n p h i m mang ten Tap san Vien Viin Ddng Bde Co (BEFEO) dUde m i t thudng nien nam sd' n h i m dang tai cae cong trinh nghien cQu cua Vien Mae du la mot tap san chuyen vi Triet hge va Khao ed hoc nhQng da dang tai rgng rai nhieu edng 75 trinh nghien cQu ciia cac hge gia cae linh vQc khoa hge xa hdi - nhan van nhQ: Dan tdc hge, SQ hge, Ngdn ngQ hge, Tdn giao, Nghe thuat Dae biet tap san edn danh rieng mdt mue ve "thdi sQ chau A" vdi nhQng bai vie't lien quan de'n eac va'n de chinh tri nhU: Thanh edng cua Tdn Trung Sdn d Trung Qud'c, hay nhQng cuge dinh cong ldn, nhQng tin tQc boat ddng cila cae dang phai d An Dd Tuy nhien, nhQng thdng tin nhu vEly ehi it lau sau dd da bi ehinh quyen thUc dan kiem seat va ban ehe H o a t d o n g c u a Vien Vien Dong Bae Co' giai d o a n 1900 - 1957 Ngay sau lap, Vien da trie'n khai heat dgng sdi ndi tren cae mat: edng tac nghien cQu khoa hoc; Cdng tac dieu tra, sQu t i m va iQu giQ ngudn tU lieu, hien vat; Cdng tae bao quan va trung tu cae di tieh lich sQ Nghien citu khoa hoc la linh vUe boat ddng thu dUde nhieu tvtu nha't eua Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co' Qua hdn 50 nam, Vien da trien khai nghien cQu tren h i u k h i p eac linh vQc eua khoa hge xa hdi nhan van: Khao ed hge, Dan toe hge, SQ hge, Ngdn ngQ hge, Tdn giao, VSn hge, Dia If, Nghe thuat Vdi ndi dung tap trung tim hieu lieh sQ va nhQng ye'u td' van boa ehu chd't eua dan tdc Viet Nam thdng qua phQdng phap nghien cQu hieu qua, da dang: ThQc dia, dien da tren khap eac vQng mien xa xdi cua Viet Nam ke't hdp vdi ghi chep, khai quat, giam dinh, dieu tra Ket qua cua nhQng boat ddng nghien cQu khoa hge ben bi la sQ ddi eua nhQng cdng trinh khoa bgc gia tri dQdc edng bd' tren tap san, eac tap chi hay la nhQng cud'n saeh ldn Trong sd' dd, nghien cQu ve Viet Nam nhanh chdng chiem mot p h i n quan trgng nhu la mgt Uu tien (chiem 1/4 tdng so' eac edng trinh) BQe tranh qua khQ ciia dan tgc 75 Viet Nam dQdc k h i e hga tren nhieu khia canh: eac nen van hda khad cd, va'n de ngudn gd'c, qua trinh dQng nQdc; Cac dae diem ve ngdn ngQ, tin ngQdng dan gian; nhQng phong tue, tap quan va nhQng net van boa ed' truyen dac sac ciia lang xa ndng thdn Viet Nam ta't ca deu dQdc tie'p can va kham pha mgt each mdi me, dgc dao NhQng khai niem quan trgng ddi vdi lieh sQ van minh Viet Nam nhU: Vdn hda Hod Binh, Vdn hda Bae Scfn, Vdn hod Dong Scm, Vdn hod Sa Huynh lan d i u tien dude bie't de'n thdng qua nhQng nghien cQu cua cae nha khao eo Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' Vien da xuat ban ThQ mue Han - Ndm quan trgng dau tien eua E.Gaspardone, cdng trinh nghien cQu quy md ve tdn giao tin ngudng Viet Nam eua L.Cadiere, nhQng ban ve kie'n tnie va cac cdng trinh khao ta ti mi eua L.Bezacier, H.Parmentier NhQng trd'ng ddng Viet ed' ghi da'u trinh dd cao eua nen Van minh sdng Hdng eung lan dau tien dUdc gidi thieu mdt each trang trgng tren Tap san Vien Vien Ddng Bde Cd va cae edng trinh nghien cQu eua nhieu hge gia ten tudi Cae edng trinh nghien cQu da ghi da'u ten tudi eua ddi ngu ede nha khoa hoc Phap va Viet Nam, nhQ: Ldopold Cadiere, Gusta ve Dusnoutier Ldoonard Aurousseau, Henri Parmentier, Henri Maspero, Maurice Durand, Madeleine Colani, Louis Bezaeier, T r i n Han Ta'n, T r i n Van Giap, Nguyin Van Huyen, Nguyen Van To' Diiu tra, sUu tdm vd lUu giU nguon tU lieu, hien vdt, Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd' da tie'n h a n h dieu tra, sQu tap ed he thd'ng NhQng hien vat ed ngudn gd'c tQ khap mgi ndi dUdc dUa vao luu giQ tai eac Bao tang eua Vien nhU: Trd'ng ddng, cae ban dieu khae Cham - Khdme, ede khudn tUdng ban than eua nhQng dan tgc khac n h a u cung vdi eac edng cu nghe det, gudng nude Rghien ciJru Lieh sit s6 9.2009 nhQng thuyen ddc mgc, xieh tay, t r a n g sQc, vu ThU vien Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' eung da sQu t a m va lUu giQ mgt kho sach dd so Ti'nh de'n n a m 1957, so" tai lieu va an p h a m ciia T h u vien gdm: Saeh chQ Latinh hdn 36.000 cuon, sach Viet van tren 1.000 cud'n, saeh H a n - Ndm hdn 4.000 eudn, saeh H a n Van ed' tren 33.000 cud'n, saeh N h a t Ban 10.000 eudn, ban dd 2.070 td; van bia 22.500 td; hQdng Qdc (ehQ Han: 4.700 tap, chQ Viet 4.000 tap); a n h chup 70.000 chie'c (5) Khdng chi p h a n a n h sQ dd so, phong phu ve so' iQdng, kho sach ciia Vien cdn chQa dQng gia tri ngi dung thdng tin va kie'n thQc van boa, khoa hge dac biet quy gia Dd la ngudn tQ lieu vd gia cho nhQng nghien cQu ve Viet N a m dUdc p h a t huy qua nhieu the he Bdo quan va trung tu eac di tieh lich sii van hda, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co' da tien h a n h khao sat, dieu tra, p h a t hien, xay dQng hd sd, nghien cQu va gidi thieu nhieu di tich tieu bieu d cac nUdc Ddng DUdng Hdn 1.200 di tich lich sQ - van hoa ciia ba nUdc Vigt Nam, Lao, Campuchia da chi'nh thQc dUdc cdng nhan xep hang, khdi phuc gia tri vSn hoa 401 di tich lich sii dUdc xep hang n i m tren lanh tho Viet Nam gdm h a u bet la cac cong trinh kie'n true nhU: Den, mie'u, dinh, chua, lang mg, t h a n h quach thuge van hda ngQdi Viet; NhQng di tich den, thap, bia, tUdng thuge a n hda Cham; nhiing di tich thudc v a n hda P h u Nam va Khdme NhQng di tieh lieh sii eua Ha Ndi dQdc xep hang vao thdi gian gdm: Den Quan Thanh, den Ngge Sdn, chua Tra'n Qud'c, chua Ly Qud'c SQ, chQa Mdt Cdt, den Bach Ma Ben canh do, Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd cdn de nghi len toan quyen Ddng Dudng cho thUc thi viee trung tu nhieu di tich lich sQ quan trgng nhQ: v a n mie'u Qudc TQ Giam (1918 - 1920), ehua Mdt Cdt (1922), chua But Thdp va Viin Vien Bdng Bae cd Phap chua Phat Tich (1930); Ddng thdi, eung eo' mgt so thap Cham, ve ghi hang tram di tich Viet va Cham Khi Viet Nam gianh t h i n g ldi cudc khang chien chdng Phap (1954), Vien Vien Dong Bae Cd' khdng cdn dieu kien tie'p tue nghien cQu d Viet Nam nen da chinh thQc ban giao lai eho cd quan ehQc nang Viet Nam va rut ve nude nam 1957 Vien da tie'n hanh ban giao toan bg cd sd vat cha't (gdm thu vien va eac bao tang) va kho tU lieu, hign vat bd sUu tap cua Vien cho cd quan chQe trach Viet Nam Va tQ dd tdi nay, thu vien vdi kho saeh khdng Id, cac bao tang vdi sd' lUdng hien vat phong phu va cac cdng trinh nghien cQu dUde dieh nhieu thQ tie'ng, tai ban nhieu lin da dUdc nhieu dee gia va eac nha nghien cQu thudng xuyen lui tdi Nam 1993, quan h? Viet Nam va Phap cd nhQng bQdc phat trien mdi Van phdng dai dien eua Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd' Phap (EFEO) da dQdc tai lap tai Ha Ndi Dd la mgt cd hgi thuan l(ji de Vien tie'p tuc trien khai nhieu chQdng trinh nghien cQu trgng diem ve Viet Nam Tren cd sd tim hieu nhQng net khai quat ve Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' Phap d Viet Nam giai dean 1900 - 1957, cd the rut mgt sdnhan xet nhQ sau: Thi nha't, muc dich cua ehinh quyen thi,(c dan lap Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' khong gi khae la nham tim hieu tQdng tan vi dan tgc Viet Nam de tQ dd de nhQng chinh sach cai tri hieu qua Ddng thdi, thong qua ed quan nghien cQu khoa bgc nay, thile dan Phap edn cd tham vgng khuech trQdng anh eua van hda - van minh Phap ddi vdi cac dan toe Ddng DQdng va cuoi cung la de ea ngdi edng lao "khai hda van minh" eua ngQdi Phap ddi vdi cac dan toe thuge dia Ban than toan quyen P.Doumer - Ngudi da ky nghi dinh 77 lap Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co', eung khdng gia'u ndi sQ tam d i e ndi ve ed quan nghien cQu khoa hge nay: "Tdi ra't tQ hao ve ngdi trudng nay, ve vi tri eua nd the gidi khoa hge Ca nhan tdi khdng bao gid quen dUde ldi ndi cua mdt nha bae hge ldi lac eua the ky trUdc - Nhing ldi ich khoa hoc mang lgi se dn sdu vao ldng ngUdi hdn bdt ci ldi ich nao khdc md chung ta dd mang lgi cho hg" (6) Cac nha khoa bgc Phap edng tdc vdi chinh quyen Phap du it hay nhieu, edng tac nghien cQu eua hg la de phuc vu cho muc dieh a'y Cd the ndi, mue dieh ban dau eiia hg khdng hoan toan la mue dieh khoa bgc NhQng qua trinh tim hieu lich sQ va van hda Viet Nam, tie'p can vdi nhieu ddi tUdng nghien cQu vdi thUe te' eua xa hdi d tQng dia phQdng, hg da bi ha'p d i n trQdc mdt nen van hda, van minh ddc dao va khdng kem p h i n tinh te eua dan tdc Viet Cae nha khoa hge Phap nghien cQu vdi mdt niem say me va vdi mue dich khoa hoc thQc sQ nghiem tuc Ket qua eua nhQng boat dgng ben bi, nha't quan va cd phudng phap eua Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co' da dUa tdi si,! ddi cua nhQng cdng trinh nghien cQu ed nhieu gia tri va khdi tQ lieu dd so ve lieh sQ, van boa va van minh Viet Nam Khaeh quan ma ndi, viec lam eua eac nha khoa hge Vien Viin Ddng Bde Co' da vQdt ngoai y dd eua thile dan Phap NhQng tQu nghien cQu eua hg ve lieh sQ, van hda, van minh Viet Nam da de lai nhQng gia tri khoa bgc quy gia va nhan van sau sic Thi hai, edng tae nghien cQu khoa hge, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' da trien khai nhQng ndi dung nghien cQu vdi m\ie dich khoa hge ro rang eho tQng nganh cy the: TQ nhQng nghien cQu ve khao ed tien sQ d Vigt Nam den lich sQ dung nUde eua eac dan tdc 7a tren lanh thd' Viet Nam va nhQng dae diem ve ngdn ngQ, loai hinh cQ tru, tin ngudng cua cac dan tdc NhQng ndi dung nghien cQu h i u bet cae linh vQc khoa hge xa hdi - nhan van eho tha'y Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' khdng he coi nhe mdt khia canh nao viec nghien cQu ve Viet Nam Dac biet, Vien da tie'p can vdi mgt hQdng nghien cQu tie'n bd dd la de tai ve ldng xd ndng thdn truyin thdng eua ngUdi Viet Day la mgt de tai ed y nghia lieh sQ va thQc t i i n sau sic ddi vdi sU tdn tai va phat trien cua xa hdi Viet Nam Thi ba, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' ddi da danh da'u bUde dot pha phQdng phap nghien cQu cua cac nha khoa hge phQdng Tay ddi vdi nganh Ddng phQdng hge Viee nghien cQu cac nen van hoa ldn eua phudng Ddng nhu An Dg, Trung Quo'c trUde dd du dQdc trien khai kha manh me b i n g nhQng cudc tim kie'm edng phu cac van ban chQ P h a n hcac ehQ Trung Qud'c cd nhQng lai dUdc tie'n h a n h treng khudn khd' cac thu vien ldn d Paris, tren nUdc Phap chQ khdng phai d ehau A - ndi san sinh eac nen van hca NhQng nghien cQu ve phudng Ddng trdng gidi b a n chat hep cua cae thu vien phUdng Tay da tach ddi tUdng nghien cQu khdi thUc te sinh ddng cua ehung, dan tdi ket qua eua cac cdng trinh nghien cQu thieu sU chan thile, khdeh quan Han ehe da gay nen nhQng thieu sdt eua nen Ddng phUdng hge Tay Au mgt thdi gian dai Vien Vien Ddng Bde Co' ddi da dap Qng ddi hdi thQc t i i n nghien cQu, dae biet la nghien cQu cae van ban cd' khdng the dUdc tie'n h a n h tach rdi ddi tUdng nghien cQu vdi bdi canh ngudi, dia ban lieh sQ va van hoa cua nd Cae nha khoa hge da g i n ddi tUdng nghien cQu vdi bdi Rghien curu Lich siSr stf 9.2009 canh thQc te, t h a m gia vao cudc song thQdng n h a t cua ngQdi dan, cung cgng tac vdi nhQng ngQdi ban dia cd tri thQc, trien khai va ap dung cac phQdng phap thQc dia, dien da, dieu tra, khai quat, giam dinh n h a m tim nhQng gia tri khoa hoc thQc sU Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co' ddi da dat cd sd cho phUdng p h a p tie'p can va nghien cQu mdi me ve phUdng Ddng Thi tu, qua t r i n h hoat dgng cua Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' cdn tdn tai nhflng b a n che Vdi vai trd la cd quan khoa hoc chinh quyen thQc dan lap n h a m ho trd cho chinh sach cai tri va bde lot cl thudc dia nen Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co' ludn chiu sU kiem soat chat che cua thQc dan Phap Dieu h a n che it nhieu de'n thien hUdng va kha n a n g nghien cQu cua cac hge gia Phap Mat khac, cac bgc gia P h a p dQng tren lap trQdng quan diem thQc dan, chiu anh hQdng cua tU tudng hge t h u a t nhU: "Thuye't thien di", "Chu nghia truyen ba' hay "Trung t a m chau Au" nen khdng it cdng trinh nghien cQu da dUa nhQng luan diem danh gia cd tinh sai lech, thieu khoa hoc Trong mgt thdi gian dai, de giai quyet nhiing khd k h a n ve tai chinh, chinh quyen thQc dan da cho ph^p Vien Viin Ddng Bde Cd' ban di nhieu cd vat quy hiem Do khdng b a n che dudc tinh trang mua ban cd' vat lam tha't thoat nhieu cd' vat quy tieu bieu eua nen van hoa Ddng DUdng da khien cho uy tin ciia Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd hi giam siit Song, boat dgng ciia Vign Viin Ddng Bae Co da t h u dUde nhieu tuu nghien cQu cd ^ nghia ldn lao tren h i u het cac linh vQc: Khao cd' hoc, Dan tgc hoc, Lieh sQ, Ngdn ngQ hge Van hge, Van hda dan gia Trong dd, nhilng p h a t hien ve Khao ed hge la t h a n h cdng tieu bieu cila cac nha khoa hge Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co Vien Vien Sdng Bae ed Phap 79 CHU THICH (1) Philippe Papm Vien Viin B6ng Bde Co (4) D i n theo Nguyin Van TrUdng Ky niem Phdp vdi viec nghien cdu Viet Nam Tap chi Xda 100 ndm ngdy thdnh lap Trddng Vien Bdng Bde cd vdNay, so 45, thang 11-1997, tr Tap chi Xda vd Nay, so 78B (8-2000), tr 35 (2) Trin Duy EFEO - Trddng Viin Bong Bde CdPhdp, H4 Noi, 2003, tr 4-5 (3) Din theo Nguyen Van TrUclng Ky niem 100 ndm ngdy thdnh tap Trddng Vien Bong Bde cd Tap chi Xda vd Nay, so 78B (8-2000), tr 35 (5) Vien Vien Dong Bae Co Phap 90 ndm nghien cdu vi vdn hod vd lich sd Viet Nam, Nxb, Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Noi, 1995, tr 119 (6) T r i n Duy EFEO - Trddng Viin Dong Bde CdPhdp, sdd, tr OUAN HE THl/dNG MAI cOA D A N C TRONG (Tiep theo trang 45) CHU THtCH (1), (23), (24), (25) Nguyen Van Kim, Xd Ddng Trong cdc mdi quan he vd tddng tdc quyin lite khu vdc, cuon Khoa hge xd hgi Nam Bo, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, H^ Noi, 2007, tr 173, 180, 181, 176, 175 (2), (5), (6), (8), (9), (16), (18), (19), (22) Le Quy Don, Phu bien tgp tuc, Vi^n sQ hoc dich, Nxb VSn hoa thong tin, H4 Npi, 2007, t r 295, 294, 296, 278, 291, 292 (12) Trinh Hoai DUc, Gia Dinh thdnh thdng chi Do Mong KhUdng, Nguyen Ngoc Tinh dich, Nxb Giao due Ha Noi, 1998, tr 194 (13) T r i n Kinh Hoa, T4n quan Trinh Thinh Cong thdi Thanh sd di dan vao Nam ki, quyen ha, nit Tdn A hge bdo ky quyin 8, tai li$u luu tai thu vign Khoa hoc xa hoi, Hk Noi, 1968, tr 44 (3), (28) Li Tana, Xd Ddng Trong lich sd kinh te xd hgi Viet Nam the ki 17 vd 18, ban dich cila Nguyen Nghi, Nxb Tre, 1999, t r 100, 219 (4), (7) Thinh ThS' Vy, Ngogi thddng Viet Nam hii theky XVII-XVIII hoc xa hoi, Hk Noi, 2000, tr 245, 233, 234 (14), (15), (17), (21) Cristophoro Borri, Xd Ddng Trong ndm 1621, Hong Nhud, Nguyen Khic Xuyen vk Nguyen Nghi dich, Nxb Thanh Ho Chi Minh, 1998, t r 90, 91, 88, 92, 93 vd ddu theky XIX, Nxb Sil hoc, Hk Noi, 1961, tr 243, 238 (26), (27) Huynh Cong Ba, Hieu them vi khdi niem "Nam tien" td cdng cugc khai (10) Do Bang, Phdcdng vitng Thuan Qudng theki XVII-XVIII, Nxb Thu4n Hoa, Hue, 1996, tr 125 (11), (20) Huynh Lfla, Gdp phdn tim hieu viing da't Nam bg cdc theki XVII, XVIII, XIX, Nxb Khoa khdn Thuan Hod hdi trung the ki, Tap chi Nghien cdu Lich sd, so (323), Trich t4p Tap chi Nghien cdu lich sd, nam 2002, luu tai Thu vien Vien SOl hoc, tr 85 ... hda van Viet Nam 1890, sdch Hoi ky An minh" va "tim hieu ro hdn de eai tri td't Nam, Bailie da viet rang: "Van minh Ddng hdn" d Viet Nam eung nhu Ddng Dudng phudng lau ddi hang nghin nam, ed mdt... Viet Nam va rut ve nude nam 1957 Vien da tie'n hanh ban giao toan bg cd sd vat cha't (gdm thu vien va eac bao tang) va kho tU lieu, hign vat bd sUu tap cua Vien cho cd quan chQe trach Viet Nam. .. thdng cae bao tang tren ea nUdc Ha Ndi, bao tang Louis Finot duge xay dung quy md vao nam 1926 va khanh nam 1932 Ben canh dd, Vien edn xay dUng va quan ly he thd'ng eac bio tang: Bio tang Khdme