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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES PHAM THI THANH HANG HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN BAC GIANG PROVINCE Major: Business Administration Major code: 9.34.01.01 PHD THESIS SUMMARY BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HA NOI - 2019 THE RESEARCH IS COMPLETED AT VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific Supervisor 1: Prof PhD Nguyen Quang Thuan Educational Institution: Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Scientific Supervisor 2: Assoc Prof Nguyen Huy Hoang Educational Institution: The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Bui Nhat Quang Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Tran Thi Minh Chau Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Nguyen Ngoc Son The PhD Thesis is protected before the Academy-level thesis Dissertation Council meeting at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences – Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences at hour…minute, day…month… 2019 The thesis can be found at: - National Library of Vietnam - The Social Science Library INTRODUCTION The urgency of the topic In the world, Industrial parks (IPs) are considered to be the "nucleus" for economic development in most countries The formation and development of IPs has been an important solution for countries to attract domestic and foreign investment, industrial development and socio-economic development The development model of IPs has a long history of development, starting from countries with developed industries such as the United Kingdom and the United States to countries with later developed industrial economies such as Korea, Singapore, And nowadays, in developing countries in Asia, the development of IPs plays an important role in promoting the process of industrialization and modernization of the country In Vietnam, IPs models were formed and developed strongly from the opening renovation of the economy in 1986, which brought high economic efficiency to many localities Recognizing the important contributions of IPs to the economy, the Party and the State have enacted many policies for developing IPs and affirmed the development of IPs is one of the important orientations for goal implementation that will make our country basically an industrialized country towards modernization by 2023 [21] Up to now, over 30 years of renovation, IPs are still considered the most preeminent model in attracting investment, technology transfer and especially creating jobs for workers However, most industrial park enterprises (IPEs) are using low production technology and taking advantages of cheap human resources, which result in the low capacity of humans, the limit of their ability of adapting and mastering science and technology In addition, the development of IPs makes the relationship between the supply and demand for labor both insufficient and redundant; the lack of high qualified workers, technical workers, skilled labor and the redundancy of unskilled labor [41, p.1] Currently, the formation and strong development of the industrial revolution 4.0 is creating a foundation for the economy to strongly transfer from a resource-based model, cheap human resources to the economic development based on the knowledgeable and skilled human resources This shows that industrial park enterprises are facing the challenge of developing human resources with the technical qualification and improvement to meet production and business requirements As a mountainous province in the north of Vietnam, Bac Giang is known for its potential in land, mineral resources Over the past years, implementing the Party and State's policy on promoting the geoeconomic advantages and potentials of the province, Bac Giang has implemented a plan to build and develop industrial parks strongly, considering this as breakthrough in speeding up the economic restructuring of the province towards industry By the end of 2018, Bac Giang province has industrial parks approved by the Government, of which industrial parks have been officially put into operation, including Dinh Tram industrial park, Quang Chau industrial park, Van Trung industrial park and industrial park Song Khe - Noi Hoang industrial park According to the statistics of the Industrial Park Management Board as of June 2018, Bac Giang Industrial Zones has 208 enterprises, mainly focusing on the fields of electricity, electronics and mechanical engineering , textiles and other manufacturing sectors, in which foreign-invested enterprises (FDI) account for 71.69% [29] Most enterprises have huge labor demand to meet production and business requirements However, the reality shows that the quality of human resources in general and the quality of human resources for technical expertise in IPEs in particular is still low, mainly labors with low technical qualifications, the percentage of workers trained in vocational training is limited The skills, skills and industrial working style are still weak, so they cannot meet the long-term working intensity and new requirements in using and operating machinery and equipment according to international standards Moreover, the labor attitude of human resources in the industrial enterprises in general does not meet the requirements set forth in the industrial production process Most human resources come from the countryside, bearing the production style of a small-scale agriculture, arbitrary in terms of time and behavior Human resources are not equipped with the knowledge, social interaction skills, teamwork, the ability to take responsibility is low and afraid to promote initiatives and share work experience Therefore, the development of human resources in general and the development of technical human resources in particular is very necessary for the industrial enterprises in Bac Giang province to adapt to the current Industry 4.0 In order to that, each of them must quickly assess and properly recognize the current situation of the competence of professional and technical human resources and evaluate the measures to develop the professional and technical human resources of the organization, in order to find an answer to the question What can be done to further develop the level of knowledge, occupational skills, labor attitudes and maintain the committed commitment of professional and technical human resources to the organization From the above-mentioned assessments and assessments, it is required that there should be a system of reasoning and proper practical analysis on the capacity of professional and technical human resources, measures to develop professional and technical human resources in the industrial parks of Bac Giang province, as a basis propose solutions to develop more professional and technical human resources for enterprises in industrial zones in Bac Giang province in order to compete and develop sustainably in the next stage For this reason, I choose the topic "Human resource development in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province" as my doctoral thesis Research purpose and mission: the ultimate aim of this research is to identify limitations and their causes in the PTHRs development at industrial parks, then propose some solutions and recommendations to develop the PTHRs quality for industrial parks in Bac Giang Province to optimize the production and business efficiency for those enterprises in the context of the industrial revolution 4.0 Research subjects and scope 3.1 Main subject of thesis: development of professional and technical human resources in the industrial zones in Bac Giang Province 3.2 Research scope - Scope of content: The thesis puts an emphasis on establishing a framework of how the HR capacity can be improved to enhance productivity at work, thereby proposing some recommendations to stakeholders to improve capacity for SHR to meet new requirements of production and business activities of industrial enterprises in Bac Giang Province Specifically, the thesis focuses on in-depth research on a number of key factors deciding the capacity development of human resources in industrial zones, including: (1) Assessing the current state of SHRs; (2) Training SHRs; (3) Arrange to use SHRs; (4) Treating SHRs; (5) Developing corporate culture - The subject of developing SHRs is the industrial enterprises supported by the Industrial Zone Management Board, the Provincial People's Committee and the Government - Time scope: The thesis analyzes and evaluates the current situation of SHRs development at industrial zones in Bac Giang Province in years from 2014-2018, then proposes some recommendations for developing SHRs by 2025, vision by the year 2030 - Space scope: This thesis studies and develops human resources in enterprises in Bac Giang Province’s industrial zones, specifically focusing on four industrial zones including: (1) Dinh Tram; (2) Quang Chau; (3) Song Khe-Na Hoang; (4) Van Trung These are industrial parks with a longer history of development than the others in Bac Giang Province Moreover, in recent years, the development of these four industrial parks has contributed to attracting investments to develop the local and national economies Research Methods This thesis applies such basic research methods applied in social science research and the economic sector as qualitative analysis (combined with descriptive statistics, analytical statistics, comparative analysis and synthesis) in combination with quantitative analysis New scientific contribution from this thesis Regarding theoretical framework: - The thesis has synthesized theoretical issues related to human resources and SHRs development, covering industrial enterprises This dissertation gives its own views on key activities to develop SHR in enterprises: Developing SHR should not only focus on effective SHR training and development but also other important activities including evaluating and rewarding SHR and developing corporate culture One of the new contributions to the theoretical framework from this thesis is to consider the SHR development in industrial enterprises under the impact of the industrial revolution 4.0, which requires the industrial enterprises to continuously develop the SHR capacity to satisfy new demands in production and business Regarding practical framework: - The thesis has done research and learned international SHR development experience from such nations as Singapore, China and Japan and drawn some valuable lessons applied to industrial enterprises in Bac Giang Province - Development of SHRs in the IR 4.0 is a new research content for the industrial enterprises in Bac Giang Province The research findings have clarified the current status of SHR capacity in terms of knowledge, skills and labor attitudes as well as limitations in developing SHRs in industrial enterprises in Bac Giang Province Since then, the thesis points out the causes of the limitations as a basis for proposing a number of solutions to improve develop SHRs for industrial enterprises in Bac Giang by the year 2025, with a vision to the year 2030 Scientific and practical significance of this thesis The research evaluation by this thesis aims to contribute to the theoretical and analytical frameworks for developing SHRs in industrial parks This thesis then further clarifies the current capacity of SHRs in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province, then proposes some recommendations to improve the quality of SHRs in the fast-growing IR 4.0 Structure of thesis The thesis consists of four chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Literature review Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis for developing professional and technical human resources in industrial parks Chapter 3: Current situation of human resource in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province Chapter 4: Solutions to develop professional and technical human resources in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 World-level literature 1.1.1 Studies on human resources Although there has been a lot of worldwide research on human resources-related topics, the author synthesizes research mainly in two directions: Research on criteria for assessing human resource capacity; And (2) research on improving organizational human resource capacity In particular, studies on criteria for assessing human resource capacity often focus on analyzing the factors that constitute the quality of human resources, including professional knowledge, working skills, working styles, characteristic qualities, intelligence and creativity by Andrew Matthews (2002), Newton et al (2005), Deniel Goleman (2007), Keren Nesbitt Shanor (2007), Sharma (2009), Srabani Ganguli (2010), Monica M Lee (2012), Napoleon Hill (2014), Wayne Cordeiro (2015 ), Dale Carnegie (2016), John C Maxwell (2018) The research on improving human resource capacity has consistently improved human resource capacity in order to develop individual knowledge, skills and awareness, thereby, contributing more effectively to the organizational performance There are also studies, which have emphasized that learning, training and human resource development are key activities to improve the capacity of organizational human resources by Z Griliches (1997), Stella M.Nkomo et al (2010), Word Bank (2014) 1.1.2 Studies on human resource development There are many studies worldwide on the topic of HR development in the organization These studies have focused on clarifying issues related to human resources, the role of human resources and human resource development for organizations; and analyzing the relationship between HR development and the sustainable development of each organization Typical studies of the authors include: Theodore Schultz (1961), Leonard Nadler (1984) , The Odore W Schultz (1993), Cenze D A, Robbins S (1994), Z Griliches (1997) , Sambrook, S (2004), Kristine Sydhage, Peter Cunningham (2007), Monica M Lee (2012), David Mc Guire (2014), These studies focus on clarifying the concept of human resources, HR development and the contents of HR development activities in organizations 1.2 Research status in Vietnam In Vietnam, the trend of deep integration into the world’s economy and the fast-growing IR 4.0 development have brought many opportunities but posed many challenges to HR development Therefore, in recent years, many researchers have done research on HR development to orient and enhance human resource capacity to meet the organizational sustainable development Among them are the following studies: 1.2.1 Studies on human resource development In Vietnam, the research on human resource development mainly clarifies the content of human resource development and human resource development activities, typically by Bui Van Nhon (2006), Le Thi My Linh (2009), Dinh Van Toan (2010), Nguyen Van Thuy Anh (2014), Nguyen Thi Thanh Quy (2016), 1.2.2 Studies on human resource capacity development Studies on human resource development mainly consider the aspect of improving the human resource quality (HRQ) These studies have significantly contributed to the scientific criteria of HRQ evaluation and improvement Regarding practical contributions, these studies have analyzed the HRQ’s actual state, clarified the causes of HRQ’s limitations and propose solutions to improve HRQ for organizational structures Typical studies include: Nguyen Ngoc Tu (2012), Truong Minh Duc (2013), Pham Anh (2015) development, skill development and industrial labor attitude for employees in the industrial zones in Bac Giang Province 1.3.3 Research direction of this thesis - Regarding the approach: The thesis focuses on research and measures to develop human resources in enterprises in four industrial zones in Bac Giang Province Human resource development is understood as measures to develop the capacity to perform the work of human resources and ensure the retention of long-term talents for an organization - Regarding measures to develop SHRs: The dissertation focuses on five main measures to develop capacity and maintain the HR commitment, covering: (1) Current assessment of human resource status; (2) Human resource training; (3) Human resource usage; (4) Treating human resources; (5) Developing corporate culture - Regarding the content of the study: (1) Systematizing and developing the theories on development of human resources and technical skills; (2) Analyzing the current status of technical expertise in the industrial zones of Bac Giang Province, focusing on in-depth analysis of the current status of SHR capacity; (3) Analysis of the status of technical expertise development in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province; (4) Indicating the factors, which result in limitations in developing SHR in the industrial zones in Bac Giang Province and (5) propose some solutions to develop more technical expertise in the industrial zones in Bac Giang Province by the year 2025, vision by the year 2030 - Regarding the context of human resource development: theoretical framework, analysis, assessment of human resource capacity, human resource development, solutions to develop human resources in the industrial zones in Bac Giang Province are located in context of sustainable development targets of industrial enterprises in 11 the process of scientific and technological development of the industrial revolution 4.0 1.4 Research questions, research hypotheses 1.4.1 Research questions Firstly, what theoretical framework can be applied to the development of SHR in enterprises? Secondly, what is the capacity to perform the work of SHRs in the Bac Giang Province’s Industrial Enterprises? Thirdly, what are the shortcomings in developing SHRs in industrial enterprises in Bac Giang Province? Why? Fourth, what are the solutions and recommendations to improve the capacity to perform work for human resources and perfect the SHR development in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province? 1.4.2 Research hypothesis - Economic and SHR in industrial enterprises in Bac Giang Province have limited knowledge, professional skills and industrial labor style to meet the production and business requirements by industrial park enterprises - The measures to develop human resources and technical skills in the industrial enterprises in Bac Giang Province have been not efficient and have not promoted the capacity to perform work for employees and have not created a loyal connection between the employees and the enterprises - The IR 4.0 requires human resources, especially SHRs, to constantly improve knowledge, professional skills and professional attitude and behavior to meet the sustainable development requirements of industrial enterprises 12 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS FOR DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL HUMAN RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS 2.1 The concept and importance of professional and technical human resource development in industrial parks 2.1.1 The concept of professional and technical human resource development in industrial parks This thesis presents some concepts of Industrial park; Industrial park enterprises; Professional and technical human resource in industrial parks; The professional and technical human resourse development in industrial parks 2.1.2 The importance of professional and technical human resource development in industrial parks 2.2 The content of professional and technical human resource development in industrial parks 2.2.1 The professional and technical human resouce development in industrial parks 2.2.2 Streamline structure of professional and technical human resource in industrial parks 2.2.3 Develop capacity of professional and technical human resource in industrial parks: 2.2.3.1 Abount knowledge: Knowledge of job career; Knowledge of culture and society; Knowledge of politics and law; Knowledge of labor safety; Knowledge of foreign languages 2.2.3.2 About skills: Hard skills (to perform technical operations related to work; to use tools, working facilities; to operate machines and equipment; to use vehicles, labor protection and safety equipment; to understand and make technical reports); And soft skills (Communication skills; Problem solving skills; Teamwork skills; Lifelong learning skills) 13 2.2.3.3 About working attitude: Industrial style and labor discipline; The ability to be devoted and suffer from pressure; Working mind 2.3 The main activities of professional and technical human resource development in industrial parks 2.3.1 Current status assessment of quantity human resources 2.3.2 Human resource training 2.3.3 Human resource arrangement 2.3.4 Human resource compensation 2.3.5 Corporate culture development 2.4 Experience of human resource development in the world and lessons learned for industrial parks in Bac Giang 2.4.1 Experience of human resource development in Singapore 2.4.2 Experience of human resource development in China 2.4.3 Experience of human resource development in Japan 2.4.4 Lessons learned from human resource development at industrial parks in Bac Giang province Firstly, human resource assessment should be carried out regularly and associated with human resource development training plans Secondly, education and training activities play an important role in developing capacity and skills for human resource; so it should be paid attention to regularly implement to improve human resource capacity in general and professional and technical human resource in particular Thirdly, compensation for human resources should focus on the spiritual life of employees Fourthly, building and developing a strong corporate culture through the human management philosophy associated with corporate development in all stages 14 CHAPTER 3: CURRENT SITUATION OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN BAC GIANG PROVINCE 3.1 An overview on human resources in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province 3.1.1 Establishment and development history of industrial parks in Bac Giang Province Bac Giang is a province in the Northeastern of Vietnam, located on the economic corridor of Nam Ninh (China) – Lang Son – Ha Noi – Hai Phong, adjacent to the Northern key economic region With convenient geographical location and transportation, Bac Giang province has many potentials and advantages to develop economic and trade with regions and countries in the region and the world Although there are many advantages and potentials for development, the industrial parks of Bac Giang province are formed and developed quite slowly compared to other provinces and cities arround the country Implementing policies of the Party and Government in planning and developing industrial parks, so far, Bac Giang has industrial parks in operation with a total area of 1,462 hectares, attracting thousands of domestic and foreign businesses for production and business investment with many different industries and fields In which, there are industrial parks in operation with a total planning area of 1,058 hectares, including: Dinh Tram industrial park, Song Khe – Noi Hoang industrial park, Quang Chau industrial park and Van Trung industrial park; industrial parks are Hoa Phu and Viet Han being in the process of investment and newly planning 3.1.2 Characteristics of industrial parks in Bac Giang province Firstly, the industrial parks of Bac Giang province are located in areas that are favorable for industrial development; Secondly, the industrial parks in Bac Giang province are small, averaging the industrial parks with an area of about 267.5 hectares/ industrial park; Thirdly, it is multi-owership from investors From these specific 15 characteristics, it is required for industrial enterprises to develop so that they are commensurate with the regional potentials and strengths to take advantages and limit challenges 3.1.3 An overview on industrial enterprises in Bac Giang province According to statistics by industrial park management, as of June 2018, Bac Giang industrial parks have 208 enterprises operating in production and business In which, Dinh Tram industrial Park has 96 enterprises; Quang Chau industrial park has 16 enterprises; Song Khe – Noi Hoang industrial park has 32 enterprises and Van Trung industrial park has 64 enterprises In which, the number of FDI enterprises accounts for 75% of the total number of industrial enterprises Main investment industries of industrial enterprises include: Manufacturing, assembling electronic components, mechanical engineering, solar battery and garment, [104] In particular, companies operating in the field of electronic components assembly are accounted for the largest proportion, then to companies of construction material manufacturing and then the enterprises of garment manufacturing, mechanicial engineering and wood production, clean water production,… 3.1.4 Human resources in industrial enterprises in Bac Giang province Human resources scale: By the end of June 2018, the total number of employees working in 208 industrial enterprises is 82,312 employees Van Trung industrial park is attracting and using the most workers with 30,208 employes and Dinh Tram industrial park is with 23,549 employees The number of employees working in two other industrial parks are respectively: Song Khe – Noi Hoang industrial park (7,309 employees); Quang Chau industrial park (21,246 employees) Human resources strusture: According to gender, job position and the structure of professional and technical human resource 16 According to human resource development plan in industrial park in the period 2014-2018, the proportion of professional and technical human resource accounts for a low rate, mainly as universal human resources (without technical expertise), the structure of professional and technical human resource is summarized by years in table 3.7 below Table 3.7 The structure of professional and technical human resource in the period 2014-2018 Unit: People No Degree 2014 2015 2016 2017 6/2018 Technical expertise I 13.098 15.098 15.901 19.677 23.668 employees Post – graduate 2.546 2.992 3.178 4.218 5.435 University College 2.467 2.969 2.982 3.519 3.775 Vocational College Intermediate Professtional diploma 2.777 2.647 2.501 2.707 3.098 Intermediate vocational diploma Pre-intermediate level 5.308 6.490 7.240 9.233 11.360 Non technical II expertise employees 32.684 32.120 37.635 51.701 58.644 (%) The proportion of 27,5 31,9 29,7 27,5 28,7 technical expertise employees (%) The proportion of technical expertise employees in 2015 increased by 15.3% compared with 2014 The proportion of technical expertise employees in 2016 increased by 5.3% compared with 2015 The proportion of technical expertise employees in 2017 increased by 23.7% compared with 2016 The proportion of technical expertise employees in 2018 increased by 20.3% compared with 2017 Total I + II 45.782 17 47.218 53.536 71.387 82.312 Source: Human Resources Department of Industrial Park Management in 2018 and author’s calculation 3.2 Current development situation of professional and technical human resource in industrial parks in Bac Giang province 3.2.1 Current status assessment of human resource 3.2.1.1 Current status assessment of the quantity and structure of professional and technical human resource According to data by Bac Giang industrial park management, at the end of June 2018, out of 82,312 employees working in enterprises in Bac Giang industrial park, there are 23,668 professional and technical employees (accounting for 28.7%) and the previous years are respectively 19,677 employees in 2017 (accounting for 27.5%); 15,901 employees in 2016 (accounting for 29.7%); 15,098 employees in 2015 (accounting for 31.9%) and 13,098 employees in 2014 (accounting for 27.5%) Regarding the structure of technical specialized human resource, according to the survey results, among 12.6% of technical specialized human resource, employees aged from 18 to 35 accounting for the highest percentage with an average of 85% Among them, most of them are with pre-intermediate level, accounting for 13.5%, employees graduated from College, University and Post-Graduate accounting for 12.7% Regarding the structure of technical specialized human resource according to occupations: The need of technical expertise employees is different among enterprises and industries, in which, the textile, electricelectronics and mechanical engineering are three sectors accounting for the highest proportion of technical expertise employees with respectively: 15.7%; 10.45% and 7.9%; The lowest rate belongs to manufacturing industry with 6.55% and 59.4% in other sectors 18 3.2.1.2 Capacity assessment of professional and technical human resource The capacity of technical specialized human resource is analyzed and evaluated through criteria groups of knowledge, skills and working attitudes 3.2.2 Current situation of human resource training Based on the surveys of technical specialized human resource and interview with managers and leaders from industrial enterprises, the dissertation presents, analyzes and evaluates the results of the status of technical specialized human resource training at industrial enterprises by contents: Determining the needs, content and form of training, evaluating the training 3.2.3 Current situation of human resource arrangement and use The above results show that only 32/280 (10.7%) of interviewees think that their current jobs are very suitable with their specialized ability but up to 7.5% (21 people), they feel that their current jobs and specialized ability are very inappropriate Meanwhile, the majority of 105/280 (37.5%) respondents feel that the fit is normal 3.2.4 Current situation of human resource compensation 3.2.4.1 Financial compensation The results of analysis and evaluation present the salary, bonus and incentive, and welfare policies of industrial enterprises for technical specialized human resource 3.2.4.2 Non-financial compensation Non-financial compensation policies of businesses through activities taking care the spiritual life help them to work assuredly and long-term with businesses Through the results of interviews and surveys, the dissertation presents the current situation of non-financial compensation activities of industrial enterprises to technical specialized human 19 resource by cultural activities, tours, working environment and personal development training 3.2.5 Current situation of corporate culture development The construction and development of corporate culture at industrial enterprises in Bac Giang are still limited, leading to not being able to stimulate their pride in their careers, thus directly affecting their awareness and responsibility in business and especially affecting their motivation for development and their loyalty to the organization 3.3 General assessment of the development of professional and technical human resource in industrial parks in Bac Giang province 3.3.1 The achievements 3.3.2 The major limitations 3.3.3 The reasons of limitations 3.3.3.1 Objective reasons 3.3.3.2 Subjective reasons 20 CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN BAC GIANG PROVINCE 4.1 The fourth industrial revolution and the requirements for human resource development in industrial parks in Bac Giang province 4.2 Orientation on human resource development in industrial parks in Bac Giang province 4.2.1 Bac Giang industrial development strategy 4.2.2 Orientations to attract investment and develop main business lines in industrial parks 4.2.3 Viewpoints for human resource developmen in enterprises in industrial parks in Bac Giang province 4.3 Solutions of human resource developmen for professional and technical in industrial parks in Bac Giang province 4.3.1 To raise the awareness of leaders of industrial park enterprises about human resource developmen with professional and technical qualifications Leaders, managers of enterprises at industrial zones need to identify human resources, especially human resources with professional qualifications, which are now very valuable assets in the development process of enterprise As the scientific and technological level of enterprises is increasingly improved, the qualified human resources become more and more important and the key competitive advantage of enterprises with other organizations In order to be aware of becoming practical actions to effectively develop these highly qualified human resources, leaders need to properly assess the qualifications of human resources through performance assessments 4.3.2 Group of solutions to develop capacity to perform work for human resources 4.3.2.1 Perfecting the human resource training 21 Firstly, develop a long-term human resource training plan; Secondly, completing the assessment of training needs of technical and professional human resources; Thirdly, renovate the content of the training program; Fourth, diversify forms of training; Fifth, improve the quality of teaching staff at the enterprise; Sixth, perfect the form of testing and evaluating training results 4.3.2.2 Develop a spirit of lifelong learning for human resources Firstly, enterprises need to improve the self-learning spirit of human resources by regularly organizing career seminars, vocational skills development conferences or establishing vocational skills clubs; Secondly, organizing contests to find out knowledge, career skills, and upgrading exams; Thirdly, build and develop an enterprise library 4.3.3 Group of solutions to strengthen human resource cohesion 4.3.3.1 Improving financial and non-financial remuneration for human resources Firstly, to develop flexible and attractive salary and bonus policies and suitable to qualified human resources; Secondly, improve working conditions; Thirdly, improve the spiritual life for human resources 4.3.3.2 Arrange and use reasonable human resources 4.3.3.3 Develop enterprise culture Firstly, to develop a culture of encouraging learning to improve technical and professional qualifications for human resources; Secondly, cultural development encourages human resources to develop initiatives and innovations in labor; Thirdly, develop a culture of encouraging teamwork 4.4 Motion 4.4.1 Motion to the Government and provincial and district People's Committees 4.4.2 Proposal to the Industrial Park Authority of Bac Giang Province 4.5 Limitations of the study 22 CONCLUSION Currently, in the context of the knowledge economy and the fourth industrial revolution, the level of demand for gray matter content in each product and service is increasing In the actual business context, the human factor with the intellectual capacity in technology is considered as a valuable resource of an enterprise Among enterprise resources such as finance, machinery, science and technology, etc Human resources with strong professional qualifications and good skills are considered one of the most important factors determining the organization's survival and sustainable development Therefore, human resources in general and technical and professional personnel in particular play an important and urgent role for enterprises in general and enterprises in industrial zones in Bac Giang province The thesis, titled: "Human resource development in industrial parks in Bac Giang province", has systematized theories on developing professional and technical human resources; summarizing theoretical framework about the content and measures to develop professional and technical human resources in industrial parks Based on this framework, the thesis has collected information, analyzed the situation of developing professional and technical human resources in enterprises in industrial zones in Bac Giang province The thesis has pointed out the limitations of professional and technical human resources in developing professional and technical human resources at enterprises in industrial zone in Bac Giang province Most of the technical and professional human resources are still limited in foreign language skills, professional skills, social interaction skills and industrial labor attitude as well as professional working manners Actual solutions to develop professional and technical human resources in the enterprises have not yet fully developed human resource capacity, neither created motivation and 23 loyalty of professional and technical human resources for the organization Based on the above analysis and evaluation, the thesis has proposed some solutions and recommendations for industrial park enterprises, the Government, provincial People's Committees to develop technical and professional human resources in industrial parks in Bac Giang province Three main groups of solutions for industrial enterprises in Bac Giang province with a vision to 2030 are: (i) Raising the awareness of leaders of industrial zone enterprises on developing qualified human resources technical expertise; (ii) Developing the capacity to carry out the work of professional and technical human resources by perfecting the training and developing the spirit of lifelong learning for technical and professional human resources; (iii) Strengthen human resource cohesion by completing financial and non-financial remuneration for human resources, rational arrangement and utilization of human resources, and development of corporate culture In addition to the efforts of enterprises in industrial zones, the Government, the People's Committees of provinces and the Management Board of industrial parks need to complete overall macro policies in order to encourage and to support enterprises to develop human resources in general and to develop professional and technical skills of human resources in particular 24 LIST THE WORKS OF AUTHOR PUBLISHED Pham Thi Thanh Hang 2018 " Human resources development for industrial zones of Bac Giang province in the 4th revolution", Proceedings of the national scientific conference - Together with enterprises towards sustainable development, Labor Publishing House, pages 120-129 Pham Thi Thanh Hang 2018 "Skills Development for Industrial Workers at Industrial Zones of Bac Giang Province", Southeast Asia Research Magazine, No (221) / 2018, pages 78-88 Pham Thi Thanh Hang 2018 “Researching the working attitude of technical workers at Industrial Zones of Bac Giang Province”, Journal of Human Resources for Social Sciences, No 10 (65) / 2018, pages 99-106 25 ... papers by Mai Van Nam and Nguyen Thanh Vu (2010), Le Thanh An (2011), Nguyen Xuan Chinh and Do Thi Van Lien (2012), Canh Chi Hoang and Ngo Thi Hong Giang (2013), Canh Chi Hoang (2014), Le Quang Hieu... BAC GIANG PROVINCE 3.1 An overview on human resources in industrial parks in Bac Giang Province 3.1.1 Establishment and development history of industrial parks in Bac Giang Province Bac Giang. .. parks in Bac Giang province Firstly, the industrial parks of Bac Giang province are located in areas that are favorable for industrial development; Secondly, the industrial parks in Bac Giang province