Reported speech cuc day du va co bai tap

Part III: REPORTED SPEECH There are two ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect. In direct speech we repeat the original speaker's exact words. He said: " I am working now". In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessary using the speaker's exact words. He said he was working then. When we turn direct into indirect, some changes are usually necessary. A. Changes in tenses Direct speech Indirect speech *Simple present Present progressive Present perfect (Progressive) Simple past Past perfect Simple future Near future *Modal verbs: Can May Must needn't have done can't have done ought to/ should/ could/ would/ might/ used to/ had better * Unreal past tenses after : wish/,as if/ would rather/ sooner and it is time Simple past Past progressive Past perfect (Progressive) Past perfect Unchanged Future in the past ( would/ should + V- bare infinitive) Future progressive in the past ( would/ should + be + V.ing) Could Might Had to Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Note: Các trờng hợp không thay đổi thì khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp: 1. Động từ ở mệnh đề chính ở các thì hiện tại và tơng lai đơn. The farmer says: " I hope it will rain " -> The farmer says he hopes it will rain. 2. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3: He said," If I were you, I would marry her." -> He said if he were me, he would marry her. 3. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý. My teacher said, " The sun rises in the East" 1 -> My teacher said that the sun rises in the East. B. Change of Adverbs of Time & Place: Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech 1. here 1. there 6. tonight 6. that night 2. this 2. that 7. yesterday 7. the previous day, the day before 3. these 3. those 8. ago 8. before 4. now 4. then 9. tomorrow 9. the following day, the next day 5. today 5. that day 10. next (week….) 10. the following (week…) C. Change of Pronoun & Possessive Adjectives: -pronouns and possessive adjectives usually change from first or second to third person except the speaker is reporting his own words. Per. Subj. Obj. Poss. Adj. Poss. Pro. 1 I Me My Mine We Us Our Ours 2 You You Your Yours 3 They Them Their Theirs 3 He Him His His She Her Her Hers It It Its its S + V + O, “ person 1…………………… person 2” (chóng) t«i (c¸c )b¹n D. Kinds of indirect speech 1. Statements: ( S + V .) to tell + O S + (THAT) + S +V to say ( to O) Eg1: They said to us, “These are snakes.” ↔ They told us (that) those were snakes. Eg2: “I came at 8 o’clock,” he said. ↔ He said (that) he had come at 8 o’clock. 2. Command: V 1 Don’t + V 1 … to tell S + + O + to ask To + V 1 Eg1: He said to us, “ Keep silent here, please.” ↔ He told us to keep silent there. Not to + V 1 Eg2: “Don’t laugh at me” said Mary. ↔ Mary asked me not to laugh at her. 2 3. Questions a/ WH_ Questions: b/ YES _ NO Questions: to ask + (O) S + to want to know to wonder + WH S + V + IF / WHETHER Eg1: The stranger said, “ Where is Tra Vinh town school?” ↔ The stranger asked where Tra Vinh town school was. Eg2: “ Did you see him?” she said to me. ↔ She asked me if / whether I had seen him. c. Tag questions = YES _ NO Questions to ask + (O) S + to want to know to wonder + IF / WHETHER S + V Eg : He asked, "You did the homework, didn't you?" -> He asked if I had done the homework. d. Alternative questions Eg :"Do you like meat or fish?" -> He wanted to know whether I liked meat or fish. E. Some special kinds: 1. Offers: Indirect speech: S + to offer sb st sb to do st Direct speech - Would you like .? -Do you like ? - Do you want ? -Shall I/ Can I/ Could I do( sth )(for sbd)? - I will / would/ could/ shall do st (for sb) if sb like - I wonder if I could/ can do st for sb - Do you think if I can / (it possible for me) to do st? - Is it possible for me to do st? Eg : He said: "Could I carry this heavy box for you?" -> He offered to carry that heavy box for me. 2. Invitations: Indirect speech: to invite sb to do st Direct speech: - Would you like st/ to do st? - Do you like/ do you want to do st? - You had better do . - If I were you, I would 3 - Are you free to do . " Do you want to go home with me?" -> She invited me to go home. 3. Suggestions. Indirect speech: to suggest doing st/ sb doing st/ that S + should + V Direct speech - Let's do -Shall we… ? -Do you feel like……? -Why don't we . ? -Why don't you……? -What/ How about . ? 4. Advice Indirect speech: to advise sb to do/ not (never) to do st Direct speech - S+ should + V - S+ had better + V 5. Requests Indirect speech: to request/ to ask sb to do st Direct speech - Imperatives + Will you do st + Can you do st + Could you do st + Would you mind doing st? + Would you be so kind as to do st? + Would you kindly do st? + I will be/ would be grateful if you can/ could .? + I wonder if you can/ could + Do you think if you could 6. Promises Indirect speech: to promise to do st Direct speech : Ok, I’ll’’. / I promise I’ll’ 7. Exclamations Indirect speech: Direct speech to exclaim that S+ V . - What a/ an + noun . - How adj/ adv + S + V - what a/ an + noun + S+V Eg : " How beautiful your girl is"  He exclaimed that my girl was beautiful 4 Exe rci ses: I. Change into reported speech ( Command) 1. Ha said to Mai: “ Don’t touch the electric wires” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “Please, don’t tell anyone the news,” Ha said to her sister. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. “Don’t drive so fast” Ha said to Minh. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Please remove your shoes before entering” Ha said to Hang. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. “Ba, don’t interrupt me when I’m meditating” Ha said to Ba. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. First switch on, then wait for 2 minutes” Ha said to Nhung. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. “Hanh, take the man to the cells” Ha said to Tung. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. “Don’t forget to write me a letter every week” Ha said to her friend. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Ha said: “Don’t make so much noise, Hieu” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Ha said to Mai, “You’re going to post the letter, don’t forget.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… II. Change into reported speech ( Statements) 1. He said, “I don’t know what happened.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. He said, “I have received the envelope.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. They said, “We visited Cannery Row.” …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. She said, “I feel very sick.” III. Change into direct speech 5 E.g: Mary said, she didn t know why the car had hit her. ’ Mary said: I don t know why the car hit me.’ 1. He said he didn’t know what had happened ……………………………………………… 2. She said that she had gone to the dentist yesterday………………………………………. 3. She said the doctor had written her a prescription……………………………………… 4. He said that he had a toothache-->…………………………………………………………. 5. She said she went to the museum every day………………………………………………. 6. They said they were going to the supermarket.-->…………………………………………… 7. She said that the doctor had given her some pills.-->……………………………………… 8. They said they were driving to Chicago………………………………………………… 9. They said they had visited the aquarium.-->………………………………………………… 10. He said that he was feeling sick.-->……………………………………………………… 11. She said she had bought some bread…………………………………………………… 12. He said that he was turning off the television. …………………………………………. IV. Change into reported speech ( Command) 1. “If you are late tomorrow, I am going to fire you,” he said … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “I’m telling you that I didn’t break that window”, the boy said … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. “I’m going to change the wheel on my car myself,” said Hang. … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. “It’s certainly essential to take a long –term view of the situation,” the boss said … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. “I passed my driving test first time,” said Sam. … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. “It’s the first time I’ve flown”, Ha said. … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Hang said: “Why doesn’t Ha buy them this picture as a wedding present?” … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. “I can’t work at all! My typewriter isn’t working properly,” she said … …………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. “I think you should try to be more punctual,” she said to Ha … …………………………………………………………………………………………. 10. “You can’t park here” … ………………………………………………………………………………………… V. Change into reported speech ( Questions) 1. “Have you worked before?” she said to him … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “Can you work on Saturday before?” she said to him … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. “May I open the window?” she asked … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. “Would it be alright if I had the day off?” she said to her boss … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 5. “May I borrow your tennis racket?” she asked him … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. “Are you coming to the party tonight, Ha?” she asked … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. “Can you borrow your pen please, Ha?” she asked … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. “Do you know where my tennis racquet is, Mum?” she asked her Mum … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. “Was Ha at work yesterday?” she asked her secretary … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. “Did you read the article about Prince Diana?” she asked him … ………………………………………………………………………………………… VI. Change into reported speech using the sugestion 1. “If you type this letter out for me, I’ll buy you a drink, OK? Thanks!” he said (persuade) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “Sure, I don’t mind at all if you use my typewriter. Go ahead.” he said (allow) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. “All right, it’s true, I was nervous.” he said (confess) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. “I don’t think Liverpool will win.” he said (doubt) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. “Don’t forget: you’ve got to hand in your work this evening” he said (remind) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. “It’s a shame you couldn’t make it to the party last night” he said (regret) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. “Don’t worry, as long as you keep your head, you’ll manage all right” he said (assure) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. “You really must come, and visit us next weekend” he said (insist) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. “If I had more time, I’d help you with your work” he said (claim) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. “Might it be a good idea if we all organized our time more effectively” he said (suggest) … ………………………………………………………………………………………… VII. Reported speech changed from compound sentences. Examples: + Will you come out with me? No.“ ” – “ ” - He asked if I would go out with him but I said I wouldn t.’ + Do you like this? Yes .“ ” – “ ” - He asked me if I liked it and I said I did. 1 'Shall we have dinner somewhere after the theatre?' said Peter. 'Yes, let's,' said Ann. 'What about going to that place Jack is always talking about?' (For Yes, let's put Ann agreed.) 2 'Jack's parents have asked me to supper tomorrow night,' said Ann. 7 'What shall I wear?' 'I should wear something warm, dear,' said her mother. It's a terribly cold house.' 3 'I'm broke,' said Jack. 'Shall I lend you some money?' said Peter. 4 It will take a little time to look up your file.' said the clerk, Is it worth waiting,' said Ann, 'or shall I go away and come back later?' 5 'Shall I have to do the whole exam again if I fail in one paper?' said the student. 'Yes,' said the teacher. 6 Where will you be tomorrow,' I said, 'in case I have to ring you?' 'I shall be in my office till six,' said the old man, 'and after that at my flat. I shan't be going to the club.' 7 'What shall I do with this cracked cup?' Mary asked. 'You'd better throw it away,' said her mother. 8 'Shall I ever see him again?' she wondered. 9 'Would you mind getting out of the car?' said the driver. I have to change a wheel.' 'Shall I help you?' I said. 10 I've run out of petrol,' said the man. 'Could you possibly give me a lift to the next village?' 11 'Shall we go for a walk?' said Peter. 'I like walking,' said Ann, 'but at the moment my only comfortable walking shoes are being mended. What about going for a drive instead?' 12 'You've got a lot of parcels,' he said. 'Shall I carry some of them for you?' 13 'Shall we be in time?' muttered Tom, looking at his watch. (Use wonder.) 14 'What shall I do with all this foreign money?' said Peter. 'Why don't you take it to the bank and get it changed?' said Mary. 15 'Would you like a cigarette?' said Peter. 'No, thanks,' said Jack. 1 don't smoke.' 16 'Would you like to come with us?' they said. There's plenty of room in the car.' I'd love to,' said Ann. 17 Ann (on phone): Could you do without me today, Mr Jones? I've got an awful cold and I think it might be better if I stayed at home. Mr Jones: I should certainly stay at home, Ann. And you'd better take tomorrow off too if you aren't better. 18 Mary (on phone): Paul, I've just come back to my flat to find a complete stranger asleep in my chair. He's still here, and still asleep! What shall I do? Paul: Why don't you wake him up and ask him who he is? There's probably some quite simple explanation. 19 'I'm not quite ready,' said Peter. 'Could you wait a few minutes?' 'I can't wait long,' said Jack. 'The train goes at ten.' 20 'Would you mind taking off your hat?' I said to the woman in front of me. 'But the theatre's almost empty!' she said. 'Why don't you move along a bit?' 21 I often see lights in the empty house across the road,' said Albert. 'Do you think I should report it?' 22 If this house was yours what changes would you make?' I said. I'd pull it down and build a modern one on the same site,' said the window-cleaner. The site's all right.' 8 . Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech 1. here 1. there 6. tonight 6. that night 2. this 2. that 7. yesterday 7. the previous day, the day. if you can/ could .? + I wonder if you can/ could + Do you think if you could 6. Promises Indirect speech: to promise to do st Direct speech : Ok,