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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION VU VAN TIEN PROCEDURE OF ORGANIZING AND IMPLEMENTING THE LINE OF INVESTIGATIVE ARTICLES IN THE VIETNAMESE EDITORIAL OFFICES TODAY Speciality: Journalism Classification: 32 01 01 SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS IN JOURNALISM HANOI - 2019 The work was completed at ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION Supervisor: Assoc Prof PhD Do Thi Thu Hang Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis is defended at the PhD Thesis Evaluation Council at Academy level, meeting at the Academy of Journalism and Communication – Hanoi at hour date month year 2019 The PhD thesis can be found at: National Library, Library of Academy of Journalism and Communication - Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE TOPIC Vu Van Tien (2018), Barriers to investigative reporters, published by Hanoi National University of Education Vu Van Tien (2016), “Pure mind, sharp pen to the career,” Journal of Journalists, Issued in September, p.39 Vu Van Tien (2016), Don’t push the electronic newspaper into the “posting in morning – reading in afternoon – removing in afternoon,” Journal of Journalists, Issue in September Vu Van Tien (2015), Investigate and throw in journalism, Published by People’s Public Security, Hanoi Vu Van Tien (2015), Step into journalism, Published by Hanoi National University of Education Vu Van Tien (2013), “Some principles and professional skills in investigating and writing articles under the letters of readers”, Journal of Education and Society, Issue in August, p.31-33 Vu Van Tien (2013), "Knowledge, methods, professional skills: three factors that bring effective articles in the investigation process according to the readers’ order", Journal of Education and Social Affairs, August issue, p.28-30, 33 PREAMBLE Reasons for choosing the topic In modern journalistic arguments, investigative journalism is recognized as one of the most essential and effective tools for the journalism to engage in direct struggle with the bad negative and imperfect things, for the development of a society “Investigative journalism responds to the transparent, objective public information, potential power to make a powerful impact on many aspects of society The investigative action is an integral part of the general efforts of the journalism and the whole society in the fight against corruption, wastefulness, trade fraud, crime prevention” Mark Lee Hunter et al., in “Story - Based Inquiry: A manual for Investigative Journalists” (Provisional translation: "Investigation based on true story: A handbook for investigative journalists") has considered that the particularity of investigative journalism is an intensive journalistic activity in which “the information is disclosed only when it ensures the rigor and perfection” and even “after the information is authenticated and posted, the journalists are still able to implement the extensive and intensive study [91] Because of this characteristic, the investigative journalism is often organized and implemented in the form of projects with articles (many terms of publication) Investigation has a great attraction, causing attention of the most of readers Many newspapers such as Tuoi Tre Newspaper, Thanh Nien Newspaper, Lao Dong Newspaper, Ho Chi Minh City Law Newspaper, Tien Phong Newspaper, Dan Tri Newspaper, etc have confirmed their prestige and level, thanking to the powerful investigation report series Thus, in the newspapers, the investigative news, investigative reports are often placed in critical positions, as “pin” in the overall newspaper, paid a worthy position and cared on presentation techniques (headline, chapeau, image ) Many famous newspapers are now launching news contests, investigative reports to “invite” the good writers to work at their newspapers and to attract the readers Many investigative articles, investigation reports have made the name of journalists, the affection of readers for the writer as well as the press Therefore, so many editorial offices are very interested and facilitated the reporter to conduct a line of investigative articles and investigative reports Many reporters, especially young reporters, want to try, experience and invest a lot of energy in this categories The questions in the theory and practice of investigative journalism in most of newspapers in our country nowadays are: How does the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles affect the quality of investigative articles? How important is the development, organization and implementation of line of investigative articles in accordance with the procedure developed by the editorial office – as a business principle of the editorial office? What theoretical and practical basis does the editorial office use for developing and managing the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles? What steps or phases need to be minimized in the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles? What are the basic conditions for the development and implementation of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in journalism agencies? What factors affect the perfection/change of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in a Vietnamese press agencies in the current period? The thesis topic of “Procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in the Vietnamese editorial offices today ” aims to systematize and develop the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles, studying the practice of this matter in the Vietnamese press agencies, contributing to answering the study questions mentioned above At the same time, the thesis aims at studying the current situation of procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in editorial offices in our country today, thus proposing solutions for the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in Vietnamese editorial offices in general and in editorial offices surveyed ones in particular Purposes and tasks of the topic 2.1 Purposes of study The PhD thesis studies the theory and situation of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in Vietnamese editorial offices, thereby proposing solutions and proposals on procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in Vietnamese editorial offices in Vietnamese editorial offices today 2.2 Tasks of study To achieve the purposes of study, the PhD thesis performs the study tasks as follows: Firstly, systematize the theoretical and practical issues in the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles of press agencies Secondly, analyze the status of organizing and implementing the series of the editorial offices surveyed published in 2017 Thirdly, describe, analyze and evaluate the development, implementation and monitor of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in editorial offices Fourthly, propose solutions and recommendations on the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in editorial offices Subject and scope of study 3.1 Subject of study The study subjects of the PhD thesis topic: The issue of developing, implementing and supervising the implementation of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in Vietnamese editorial offices today 3.2 Scope of study - Scope of space: In this topic, we limit the scope of study on the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in Vietnamese editorial offices today, with editorial offices, publishing main sessions: newspaper and electronic newspaper version Newspapers surveyed, including: Nhan Dan Newspaper, Hanoimoi Newspaper, Tuoi Tre Newspaper, Ho Chi Minh City Law Newspaper, Lao Dong Newspaper, Tien Phong Newspaper, Dan Tri Newspaper - Scope of time: 2017 Study hypothesis and analytical framework 4.1 Study hypothesis - The development and compliance with the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles is a basic and important requirement and principle in Vietnamese editorial offices - If it is well and flexibly implemented stages, the contents of organization and implementation, it will increase the professionalism of the investigative journalism, thereby creating a foundation for managing the line of investigative articles for press agencies - A number of investigative journalists and press managers are not aware of the role of formulating and implementing the procedure of organizing and implementing the investigative articles in the editorial offices 4.2 Analytical framework Investigative journalism resources of editorial offices Group of organization contents Procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles Investigative journalism in editorial offices Contents of the procedure Group of implementation contents Formulating, implementing, and monitoring the procedure Các giai đoạn quy trình Formulation Implementation Monitoring Political, legal and ethical basis Theoretical basis and study methods 5.1.Theoretical basis - Theory on journalism and journalism work - Theory of investigative journalism - Sociological theory of mass media - Human rights approach - Theory of management science 5.2 Study methods 5.2.1 Content analysis method - Qualitative content analysis + Synthesize, analyze, systemize and generalize the theory as well as works published in newspapers, journals and practical research works of authors related to study issue + Using the method of analyzing the content of documents to find out the content, meaning, main ideas of the theoretical documents and previous research works related to the organization and implementation of the investigative journalism in general and procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in particular, serve as a basis for comparing and evaluating survey results, finding scientific solutions for research issues The method of document research also allows PhD students to identify and analyze the views and directions of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Vietnamese legal system related to investigative journalism in our country in the current period - Quantitative content analysis This method is carried out by a set of tools for coding the content of investigative articles in newspapers surveyed (Nhan Dan Newspaper, Hanoimoi Newspaper, Tuoi Tre Newspaper, Ho Chi Minh City Law Newspaper, Lao Dong Newspaper, Tien Phong Newspaper, Dan Tri Newspaper) to statistics a line of investigative articles in order to quantify the indicators of content, form, way of expressing This is the basis for the author to study, synthesize, draw comments, evaluate the successes and limitations, the effectiveness and contributions of the newspapers in posting the line of investigative articles on newspapers, survered in 2017 5.2.2 Anket interview method This method is used to survey generally the investigative journalism, investigative journalists and the organization and implementation of line of investigative articles in the Vietnamese editorial offices today Interviewees: Investigative journalists in Vietnamese editorial offices Quantity: Number of votes issued is 200 Number of votes received, qualified to use is 193 5.2.3 In-depth interview This method is used to research and identify the overview of investigative journalism and organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles Vietnamese press agencies today, principles and experience in formulation and implementation Currently, the issues posed and suggested renovating the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles Vietnamese press agencies today Subject and number of in-depth interview (IDI): 17 cases, including the following groups: Group 1: State managers in media press, leaders of press agencies surveyed Group 2: investigative journalists Group 3: specialists, researchers and training lecturers on investigative journalism 5.2.4 Group discussion method This method is used to research and identify the overview of investigative journalism and procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in Vietnamese editorial offices, principles and experience in formulation and implementation, issues given and suggestions for renewing procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in the present press agencies At the same time, there is the analysis and evaluation of the quality and effectiveness of the line of investigative articles, as well as suggestions to the press agencies Quantity: 02 groups of journalists, researchers, specialists in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City 5.2.5 Case study method - Choose editorial offices to survey the current status of line of investigative articles: Nhan Dan Newspaper, Hanoimoi Newspaper, Tuoi Tre Newspaper, Ho Chi Minh City Law Newspaper, Tien Phong Newspaper, Lao Dong Newspaper, Dan Tri Newspaper We carried out a survey of newspapers in terms of: fact finding, statistics the line of investigative articles in 2017, and the procedure of organization, implementation, in-depth interviews with leaders and investigative journalists In order to ensure anonymity when analyzing the research data, we coded separate newspaper editorial offices into editorial offices A, B, C, D, E, G, H according to the random order - Criteria for selection of study samples: We select the typical newspapers of investigative journalism representing the South - North regions, central - local authorities, press representatives of industry, union and mass media Theoretical and practical meanings of the topic 6.1 Theoretical meanings If successful, the PhD thesis contributes to develop the theory of investigative 17 Series1, issues or more, 15.4, 15% Series1, issues, 23.1, 23% Series1, issues, 61.5, 62% Source: Survey by the author in 2017 Table 2.3: Comparison of number of posting issues of the line of investigative articles among newspapers All Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper newspapers A B C D E G H Two issues Three issues Four issues or more 58.3 61.5 55.6 100 57.1 100 57.1 61.5 16.7 30.8 22.2 42.9 28.6 23.1 25.0 7.7 22.2 0 14.3 15.4 Source: Survey by the author in 2017 The results show that the frequency of the line of investigative articles has increased at some time points when the society has more pressing issues About 60% of the line of investigative articles lasts the two posting issues Especially, 15.4% lasts from four issues or more - Categories: Table 2.4: Categories used in the line of investigative articles Newspaper A Newspaper B Newspaper C 16.3 8.7 17.9 5.3 articles Reportage 3.8 27.2 10.8 6.6 articles Investigative 70.4 59.9 53.6 Analysis, Newspaper D Newspaper E Newspaper G Newspaper H commentary articles 67.7 47.8 28.5 67.7 42.8 18 Investigative 5.4 2.0 15.7 4.1 2.2 20 33.3 25.6 33.3 10.7 reportage articles Other 14.7 18 categories Source: Survey by the author in 2017 - The author's role is shown in the line of investigative articles: Table 2.5: Comparison of author information presented in the line of investigative articles among newspapers (%) Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper Newspaper a- About the An author individual Group of and authors collective roles Unknown A B C D E 16.7 7.7 33.3 100 28.6 83.3 92.3 55.6 57.1 0 11.1 14.3 G 66.7 33.3 H All newspapers 55.6 41.0 33.3 53.8 11.1 5.2 Personal b- About using names and pseudonyms pseudonyms Refer 91.7 53.8 88.9 100 57.1 100 53.8 79.5 8.3 46.2 11.1 42.9 46.2 20.5 collectively to as the group of reporters Source: Survey by the author in 2017 2.4 Evaluating the current status of organization and implementation of the line of investigative articles according to the survey field 2.4.1 Evaluating the current status of organization of the line of investigative articles according to the survey field To be able to analyze the organization activities of the line of investigative articles only through content analysis is not easy Based on the objective factors shown in each line of investigative articles and each article, the author analyzes the organization of the the line of investigative articles through criteria on the ability and quality of the line of investigative articles achieved in all newspapers The results 19 are obtained at a relative level All 17 evaluation indicators have a low score being scores These scores are calculated and aggregated through SPSS data processing software that the author uses to analyze quantitative data sets with the help of sociologists In terms of: Skills in using newspaper language, Logic of dividing the issues of the line of investigative articles, Language of investigative journalistic works Most of the newspapers have pretty good quality or the best quality These are factors that evaluate the operation of the line of investigative articles The groups of criteria shown lowest is to meet the legal requirements of investigative journalistic works Figure 2.2: Evaluation of organization of the line of investigative articles (%) Skills in using journalistic language Logic of dividing the issues of the line of investigative articles Language of investigative journalistic works Satisfy the requirements of newspaper ethics and accountability of investigative journalism Content: discovery, ground, fact, theoretical point Interactivity with sources of information, characters Labor quality of investigate journalists Outline of investigated newspaper works Select the appropriate category Theme, topic Satisfy the requirements of objectivity, multi-dimension in identification and analysis, evaluation of events Impact effectiveness of line of investigate articles Quality and reasonableness of evidence in the investigation Satisfy the in-depth requirements identifying, analyzing, evaluating events, issues Satisfy requirements on source of information and safety of source of information supplied to investigative newspaper Interactive ability to public newspaper Satisfy requirements on the legality of the investigative journalism work Source: Survey by the author in 2017 2.4.2 Evaluating the current status of implementation of the line of investigative articles according to the survey field Table 2.6: Evaluating the implementation of the line of investigative articles according to the survey field(%) 20 No Evaluation content Newspaper A Newspaper B Newspaper C Newspaper D Newspaper E 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.0 4.75 Themes, topics Content: discoverability, arguments, demonstration, points Meeting the requirements of objectivity, multidimensional in identifying and analyzing, evaluating events, characters, issues Meeting the requirements of the in-depth of identifying and analyzing, evaluating events, characters, issues Labor quality of investigative journalists Quality and validity of evidence cited in the investigation Meeting the legal requirements of investigative journalistic works Meeting the requirements of journalistic ethics and social responsibility of investigative journalism Meeting the requirements of information sources and the safety of the 5.0 4.92 5.0 4.92 4.92 4.83 4.25 4.78 3.48 4.86 3.2 3.52 4.75 4.38 4.13 4.75 4.5 3.88 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 Newspaper G Newspaper H 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.7 3.9 4.3 3.1 4.2 3.0 3.7 3.8 4.4 2.9 3.1 5.0 5.0 4.75 5.0 4.75 5.0 5.0 4.95 4.75 4.0 5.0 4.92 3.14 4.0 3.0 4.75 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 information source provided to the investigative journalism Interoperability with information sources and characters Choosing the right categories Interoperability with the press public Skills in using journalistic language Layout of investigative journalistic works Language of investigative journalistic works Logic of dividing the issues of the line of investigative articles Effective impact of the line of investigative articles 4.92 3.37 4.75 4.0 5.0 5.0 3.58 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.83 5.0 4.92 5.0 4.17 3.68 5.0 5.0 4.63 5.0 4.12 3.88 4.88 4.63 4.88 4.63 4.14 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.5 3.4 4.1 4.75 5.0 4.75 5.0 5.0 4.38 Source: Survey by the author in 2017 2.4.3 Evaluating the current situation to meet the requirements of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in editorial offices Figure 2.3: Evaluating journalistic skills shown in the line of investigative articles (%) 22 Skills of arranging the issues and the line of investigative articles Skills of exploiting and collecting information Professional skills of investigative journalists Content organization skills of the line of investigative articles Skills of topic selection and detection Communication security skills Information source access and protection skills Skills in analyzing records and documents Skills in using legal means in the investigation Skills of setting up and running an investigation team Teamwork skills Skills of role-playing and handling special situations Skills of big data usage and multimedia applications in surveys Skills in using social networking in the investigation Source: Survey by the author in 2017 When comparing between newspapers, newspaper E is still recognized for the highest professional capacity in the line of investigative articles Table 2.7: Comparison of evaluating journalism skills as shown in the line of investigative articles between newspapers (%) No Professional skills of investigative journalism Skills of topic selection and detection Skills of setting up and running an investigation team Professional skills of investigative journalists Information Newspaper A Newspaper B Newspaper C Newspaper D Newspaper E Newspaper G Newspaper H 5.0 4.26 4.44 4.0 4.75 4.0 4.6 4.92 2.11 2.11 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.1 4.24 4.44 4.44 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.3 4.92 3.44 3.44 3.0 4.5 4.0 3.7 23 10 11 12 13 14 source access and protection skills Skills of exploiting and collecting information Skills in analyzing records and documents Skills in using legal means in the investigation Skills of roleplaying and handling special situations Skills in using social networking in the investigation Skills of big data usage and multimedia applications in surveys Communication security skills Content organization skills of the line of investigative articles Skills of arranging the issues and the line of investigative articles Teamwork skills 4.92 4.56 4.56 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.2 4.67 2.78 2.78 4.0 4.75 4.0 2.8 4.91 2.44 2.44 3.0 5.0 3.0 2.3 2.53 1.89 1.89 3.0 1.75 2.6 2.8 5.0 2.44 2.44 4.0 2.0 1.7 2.5 3.0 1.56 1.56 2.0 3.2 1.1 1.6 5.0 4.67 4.67 4.0 5.0 4.1 4.7 4.82 4.67 4.67 3.0 5.0 3.3 4.6 5.0 4.67 4.67 3.0 5.0 4.8 4.1 4.0 2.11 2.11 2.0 4.33 2.0 3.4 Source: Survey by the author in 2017 Sub-conclusion of chapter Chapter of the PhD thesis has conducted a survey of the current situation of the line of investigative articles in editorial offices in 2017, through the investigation data of the anket questionnaire survey, to produce specific quantitative figures, 24 factors demonstrated in the line of investigative articles, from the categories, the role of the author, to the evaluation of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in each separate editorial office surveyed In this chapter 2, the author has focused on thoroughly exploiting the data of the anket questionnaire survey, in order to produce specific quantitative figures, factors demonstrated in the line of investigative articles, from the categories, the role of the author, to the evaluation of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in each separate editorial office surveyed 17 criteria of evaluation contents are given as a sample for the survey, giving quantity to give a preliminary view of implementing the line of investigative articles, thereby evaluating journalism skills, factors affecting the quality, frequency of the the line of investigative articles The greatest success of the line of investigative articles is the positive impact and influence on society The main limitation of the line of investigative articles is the small quantity compared to the total investigative articles as well as compared to other categories; focusing only on social issues, investigating negative factors, less praising positive elements; The percentage of investigative articles in the line of investigative articles is not high, many investigative articles are "stillborn"; their quality and efficiency is still limited Chapter 3: CURRENT STATUS OF THE PROCEDURE OF ORGANIZING AND IMPLEMENTING THE LINE OF INVESTIGATIVE ARTICLES IN VIETNAMESE EDITORIAL OFFICES TODAY Conducting research in chapter 3, the PhD thesis focuses on three major issues: Current situation on contents of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in editorial offices; Current situation of formulating, implementing and monitoring the line of investigative articles in editorial offices; Evaluating success and limitations 3.1 Current situation on contents of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in editorial offices In this part, the PhD thesis presents the following issues: (1) Content of phases including Phase 1: Preparation; Phase 2: Setting up and running the 25 investigation team and coordination department; Phase 3: Collecting, analyzing, verifying information and finding evidence to prove the hypothesis; Phase 4: Editing, appraising, approving articles for publishing; Phase 5: Feedback research, practical research, proposing the next plan (2) The group of organization contents organizes focusing on assigning, managing, editing, monitoring procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in the period of 4.5 (3) The group of the implementation contents is equally represented at all phases, more specifically the organizational contents, especially at phases 1, 2, and Figure 3.2: The group of organization contents in procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in editorial offices (%) Phase Phase Phase Phase Phase Newspaper A Newspaper B Newspaper C Newspaper D Newspaper E Newspaper G Newspaper H Source: Survey by the author in 2017 3.2 Current situation of formulating, implementing and monitoring the line of investigative articles in editorial offices In this part, the PhD thesis presents the following issues: (1) Formulating a procedure including Quantity and form of the procedure at editorial offices; The role of the subjects; Formulating resources to organize and implement the line of investigative articles (2) Implement the procedure including The role of the subjects; implementing the phases and steps in the procedure (3) Monitoring the procedure including implementation of the phases and steps in the procedure; Monitoring the phases and steps in the procedure This is one of the core contents of the PhD thesis 3.3 Evaluating the success and limitations In this part, the PhD thesis has presented two major issues (1) Success on the points: The first is that most newspapers have a process, with phrases at different levels; The second is that objects have an active role and participation in the procedure: The role is presented in the awareness and participation procedure of the subjects The subjects from the top leaders to the reporters and related departments 26 showed active and proactive participation; the third is that whether or not a formal process has been developed, essentially, the editorial offices focus on the collective element of the investigation procedure The implementation and supervision are strictly implemented by the editorial offices, requiring a much higher level of investigation reporter or group of journalists than the other categories The requirements for investigative reporters in writing or group of reporters whom participate in the line of investigative articles are much higher than for other categories; the fourth is that the resources to support investigative reporters have more attention and higher mechanisms when writing other categories; Resources such as finance, operational facilities, technology, etc basically have priority mechanisms for reporters who implement the line of investigative articles, depending on the conditions and capabilities of the editorial offices (2) The limitations incudes: The first is that few newspapers have a written standard procedure, which is highly professional Other newspapers may have procedures but are not specific and complete Some newspapers have no procedure; The second is that the editorial offices keep the process secret: despite the fact that this is an unpublicized principle, only circulated internally, avoiding the disclosure of secrets But this also led to the problem of development the original procedure becomes difficult, so the newspapers could not refer to the newspapers which had standard procedure or relatively standard procedures to create procedure standardization in the editorial offices in Vietnam The third is that the participation abilities of the subjects have some limitations: management ability of leaders, investigative issues of reporters, the participation of other departments have not been effective… A specific example is the role of the experts and lawyers in the content of organization and implementation is always at lowest This may have many reasons: the newspapers have not focused on exploiting the capabilities of these subjects, due to the unsatisfactory mechanism, because the capabilities of this group have not met the actual requirements, because reporters have not focused on the opinions of experts or lawyers ; The fourth is that the procedure form of newspapers often has few necessary changes and adjustments after each period / phrase of operation; The fifth is that many difficulties in resources and influencing factors: lack of human resources; unable to fully guarantee the 27 financial mechanism, supporting operational facilities, the mechanism of protecting reporters ; many negative impacts from political, social, economic factors ; many other objective factors; The sixth is that a limitation in the procedure is that the coordination between the content of the organization, implementation is not guaranteed closely and balanced in the newspapers Sub-conclusion of Chapter Chapter approaches the objectives and research contents based on qualitative and quantitative research methods, ensuring sufficient survey databases, evaluating the current situation of content, methods of the procedure of organizing, implementing of the line of investigative articles of newspapers in the survey in particular and the Vietnamese editorial offices in general The success of the line of investigative articles is associated with the success in the content and the procedure methods of the line of investigative articles The role of the subject and the participation of other resources are relatively closely implemented by the editorial offices The above limitations raise many issues about the procedure of organizing and implementing of the line of investigative articles of the current Vietnamese editorial offices The editorial offices must have a specific procedure with clear mechanism, create favorable conditions for investigative journalists This issue, with specific suggestions, solutions and recommendations, will be presented more clearly in chapter Chapter ISSUE RAISED AND SOLUTIONS OF THE PROCEDURE OF ORGANIZING AND IMPLEMENTING THE LINE OF INVESTIGATIVE ARTICLES IN VIETNAMESE EDITORIAL OFFICES TODAY Conducting research in chapter 3, the PhD thesis focuses on three major issues: (1) issues raised, (2) Solutions, (3) Recommendations 4.1 Issues raised In this part, the PhD thesis has presented the following issues: (1) Press management issue, in which, according to the research results, the PhD thesis believe that there is currently no uniformity and strict regulations of the State management agencies as well as newsprints on the necessity of the procedure of organizing and 28 conducting investigative press; Knowledge and experience of investigative journalism, strategy and management skills of investigative journalism projects are limited; Legal knowledge, professional ideal, ethics and accountability of media managers are inadequate (2) Regarding the content and issues of formulation, implementation, and monitoring of the procedure, the thesis finds that phrases and two content groups were organized, implemented by editorial offices with a relatively clear, specific method, ensuring the role of management, supervision and implementation One of the issues raised today is the innovation of the procedure form Many press agencies have implemented, met the change of reality, have been suitable to each stage and each condition However, in the press agencies, the renovation of the organization, implementation procedures of the line of investigative articles only based on the actual situation to change in a direction that is consistent with each other, basically, they are not expressed by document For example, newspaper E, from 2012 until now, has not changed any new documents, although the management, supervision and procedure implementation have some adjustments which are appropriate with reality (3) Regarding investigative journalists' capacity, the PhD thesis finds some issues such as: The number of investigative journalists with good capacity, high discipline, ability to work independently and skills to participate in investigative groups in editorial offices is at the low rate; Knowledge and capacity of investigative journalism in press agencies are limited; The insistence on investigative projects is due to the mentality that "individual projects are safer than group investigative projects", investigative projects of a press agency are safer than projects with the cooperation of many press agencies; Regarding the influencing factors include two contents summarized by the thesis are: The legal mechanism for managing the investigative journalism and the legal environment for investigative journalism activities are insufficient; Many factors have negative impact on the newspaper agencies or journalists 4.2 Solutions Base on the phrases in the procedure of organizing, implementing of the line of investigative articles as we presented in Chapter and the status of organizing, implementing and the procedure of organization, implementation of the line of investigative articles in the editorial offices in Chapter and Chapter 3, we propose 29 groups of solutions for the editorial offices: General solutions, Specific solutions In particular, the general solution can be referred to these phrases as a basis to build a suitable procedure for each editorial offices And specific solutions need to focus on the following contents: Group of solutions for raising awareness, skills, and strategic level for media managers, Group of solutions to improve the capacity and quality of investigative journalists in the editorial offices, Group of solutions to ensure the conditions for the development, implementation and supervision of the implementation of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles 4.3 Recommendation From surveying, analyzing and synthesizing data of the subject, the scope of the survey, the PhD thesis presents scientific recommendations to the relevant agencies and organizations, including: To editorial offices; To the governing bodies of the editorial offices; To the Propaganda at all levels and the State management agencies in the media and press; To the media training agencies in the country; To the Vietnam Journalists Association These recommendations are specifically presented according to the specific functions, charges and characteristics of each of the agencies and organizations (pages 169-178) Sub-conclusion of Chapter In order to improve the efficiency and feasibility of the procedure of formulation, implementation and monitoring of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in the today press agencies, in chapter 4, we propose the specific solutions and recommendations for managers, investigative journalists, relevant Ministries, sectors, branches In particular, there should be a comprehensive improvement in awareness, role, leadership responsibility, direction of implementation, implementation, linkage and training of press management agencies, governing bodies and press agencies, Vietnam Journalists Association, training institutions to individual investigative journalists Especially, it is necessary to require press agencies to strictly manage investigative reporters and journalists This not only ensures that investigative journalists are supported in time, but also supervises them in the procedure of being in charge, avoiding cases of being 30 bribed to provide false, incomplete and objective information in order to protect the object whom is investigated or benefit from that work When violations occur, the managing agencies, governing bodies must have active participation, timely rectification and take strong measures to set up a common mechanism for leaders, reporters and editors of the press agency, to avoid continued violations Regularly paying attention to, promoting the training and fostering in journalism profession and legal knowledge for the reporters and editors in the editorial office, especially for writing journalists and editors of investigative journalism In parallel with this work, it is necessary to have appropriate supplements to create generations of journalists capable of inheriting, having enthusiasm, having good skills and working methods CONCLUSION Investigation is a category that is considered important and paid attention to invest resources of the press agencies, it attracts the attention of society, and has high effectiveness of press information Investigative journalism is considered an part which forms the press efforts and the whole society in the fight against corruption, wastefulness, trade fraud, crime prevention However, this is a difficult journalism genre For chapters, a specific survey on the actual situation of the line of investigative articles, the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in newspapers belonging to the survey, which are Nhan Dan Newspaper, Hanoimoi Newspaper, Tuoi Tre Newspaper, Ho Chi Minh City Law Newspaper, Lao Dong Newspaper, Tien Phong Newspaper, Dan Tri Newspaper and the PhD thesis draw some conclusions as follows: Firstly, the number of the line of investigative articles in newspapers is not much Secondly, the editorial offices have all phrases in the procedure content, however, the organization of the content group is not as clear and uniform as the Content implementation group Thirdly, the issues of formulating, implementing, and monitoring of the procedure of organizing and implementing the line of investigative articles in the 31 editorial offices have different characteristics, implementing the line of investigative articles, but in reality, there are some editorial offices not have a procedure Fourthly, the realty shows that the procedure is not the most decisive factor in the prestige and quality of investigative journalism, however, this is an important factor that helps the editorial offices perfect the operation mechanism, helps reporters have more conditions to work professionally, in accordance with the law and to ensure more safety and support resources Fifth, with the important role of the procedure as we mentioned above, we believe that each press agency should improve the content and form of the procedure more specifically, and strictly implement the organizational procedure, implement the line of investigative articles in particular and the investigative journalism in general Leaders of press agencies should select officials and reporters with high professional qualifications, political guts and high professional bravery From the above conclusions, it can be seen that the hypotheses of the PhD thesis are valid with some exact points However, a number of verified points are different from PhD thesis and reality survey: some editorial offices not have a procedure, compliance with some procedure requirements of many editorial offices does not meet the tightness, seriousness ... legal system related to the investigative journalism (Press Law, Civil Law, Criminal Law, Economic Law, etc.); The appearance of investigative journalism in the world as well as in Vietnam 14 The... of the procedure Group of implementation contents Formulating, implementing, and monitoring the procedure Các giai đoạn quy trình Formulation Implementation Monitoring Political, legal and ethical... "problematic situations", the information has a lot of contradictions, many contradictions, through analysis, explanation, evidence, journalists clarifying the causes, results or development directions