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1 INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing topic Military competence of cadets at military schools is a combination of psychological qualities; ensuring students achieve unique and new achievements in academic and scientific research activities Military talent of cadets is primarily developed through the targeted effects of pedagogical forces at military schools In fact, in the past years, military schools have renewed the contents, programs, invested in facilities and improved the quality of faculty and management staff with the aim of getting learners as the centre to develop the intellectual qualities, creativity of cadets in the process of learning and scientific research, to expose and develop their potential gifts and tendencies to form their talent in the field As a result, there are many scientific and innovative projects with scientific and practical significance and high efficiency in many different fields; Some projects have boldly explored the application of new and modern scientific and technological achievements in the world; Research content is associated with practical tasks of units, capable of developing and applying in practice; there are many works and initiatives that propose new technical solutions such as digital technology, biotechnology, new materials technology, nanotechnology etc to increase the efficiency of national defense security and socio-economic efficiency [10] However, in addition to the achievements, the issue of developing military talent for cadets still reveals limitations such as the development of military talent for cadets is not yet individualized; content and curriculum are still formal, not intensive, failing to stimulate positivity of cadets in learning and scientific researches; there is no impact on the psychological qualities that constitute the cadets’ military talents Therefore, the study to clarify the psychological basis for developing military talents of cadets at military schools has very important role and position for military schools in developing abilities, potentials, potential instincts of each cadet, so that they will really become military talents in their position after graduation At present, with the goal of building and protecting the Fatherland in the new situation, to build the army "formal, elite and modern step by step, giving priority to some arms, services and forces to directly become modern" [23, p.149], the Vietnamese Communist Party and the State concern the army by investing in advanced and modern equipment, weapons and techniques The above issues require an objective need to improve the quality of the staff at the same time to have officers with real military talents in their positions Therefore, clarifying the psychological factors that constitute military talent of cadets and factors influencing the development of military talent is an important condition to ensure the development of military talents for cadets at military schools to achieve high efficiency From these basic reasons, the topic of "Psychological basis for developing military competence of cadets at military schools” as the project of the thesis Purpose and tasks of the research * Purposes of the research: The dissertation researches on practical and theoretical issues of psychological foundations to develop cadets’ military competence Accordingly, it proposes pedagogical - psychological measures to develop military competence for cadets at military schools, contributing to improving the quality of education and training * Tasks of the research: - The dissertation gives an overview of foreign and domestic scientific works related to competence, military competence and promotion of cadets’ military competence - The dissertation conducts research on theoretical issues on psychological basis to promote military competence of cadet’s military schools - The dissertation surveys and assesses the current situation of cadets’ military competence and factors affecting the promotion of military competence of cadet’s military schools - The dissertation proposes pedagogical - psychological measures to develop military competence for cadets at military schools - The dissertation gives an analysis on a typical figure in order to clarify the current situation of promoting cadets’ military competence at Object, Subject, Scope and Scientific hypothesis 3.1 Object of the research Psychological factors making up cadets’ military competence and factors affecting the promotion of cadets’ military competence 3.2 Subject of the research Cadets trained to be army officers, managing officials and lecturers at military schools 3 3.3 Scope of the research In terms of content: The dissertation focuses on psychological factors making up military competence, criteria assessing military competence of cadets military schools; factors affecting the promotion of military competence of cadets at military schools In terms of research fields: Psychological basis to promote military competence of cadets at division level, tertiary level, of 4-year training (not include pre-training time) with basic majors: Staff Commanding Officers; Political Officers; Logistic and Technical Officers In terms of object: Cadets trained to be officers with outstanding learning achievements and in the contest for creative youth, managing officers and lecturers at military schools In terms of time: Mainly from September of 2014 to December of 2018 3.4 Scientific hypothesis Cadets’ military competence is a combination of such psychological qualities as motivation, intelligence, creativity and outstanding specialized capability Psychological basis for developing military competence of cadets at military schools is factors making up military competence and factors affecting development of military competence of cadets at military schools The results show that the current situation of military competence of cadets is of average level The development process of cadets’ military competence depends on objective and subjective factors, of which the objective factors are of greater impacts Development of military competence for cadets at military schools will be appropriate to the aims and training requirements if the military schools synchronously conduct pedagogical- psychological measures relevant to each school’s conditions Methodology and research methods 4.1 Methodology The thesis is based on the thorough understanding of the science of psychology and such approaches as: the principle between psychology, consciousness and activity; principle of system and structure; principle of development; principle of personality These principles are considered as the red thread for this dissertation 4 4.2 Research method Method of materials reference Group of reality research: Method of observation; Method of questionnaires; Method of conversation; Method of interview; Method of experts consult; Method of experiment; Method of multiple choice In terms of maths statistics: Use of software SPSS 20.0 to calculate the data of survey, investigation, experiment and showing research results New contributions of the thesis * In terms of theory The dissertation contributes to diversify the theory on psychological basis to promote cadets’ military competence It also clarifies basic psychological factors making up military competence for cadets at military schools The dissertation clarifies that cadets’ military competence is a combination of such psychological qualities as motivation, intelligence, creativity and outstanding specialized capability At the same time, it analyse the level of objective and subjective factors affecting the development of military competence for cadets at military schools * In terms of practice The dissertation surveys and assesses the current situation of cadets’ military competence and factors affecting the promotion of military competence of cadet’s military schools The result show that military competence of cadet’s military schools is of average level The findings show: cadets’ intelligence is above average, the majority of them are at high level; cadets’ creativity is at high level, some of whom are of excellent level The dissertation clearly shows the effects of objective and subjective factors on development of military competence for cadets at military schools The dissertation proposes some pedagogical - psychological measures to promote military competence for cadets at military schools At the same time, it clarifies the process of developing military competence for cadets at military schools by analysing 02 typical figures with outstanding achievements in studying and researching 5 Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis The dissertation contributes to supplement and develop the theory on psychology studies of developing military competence for cadets at military schools The findings of the dissertation can also be used as foundations in improving the development of military competence for cadets at military schools at the present period References for researching on emotion management skills in general and researching, educating and supervising officers-training cadets at military officers-training colleges in particular Structure of the thesis The thesis includes: Introduction, Overview, The content consists of chapters, Conclusion, List of References and Appendixes Chapter AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED SITUATION 1.1 The works overseas related to the thesis 1.1.1 The works on origin and nature of competence, military competence Typical work: “Ethics and sexuality", "Culture and modern disserves" by Freud S (1908) Typical authors: Terman, L.M (1981), Begg D and Fischer (1995); Garner, H , NadlerL, & Nadler Z; Renzulli R S; Cheplôv B.M; Côvaliov A G; Lâytex; Sramtrenco A Ph These authors touch upon the competence nature and military competence They analyse and interpret that the competence is originated from physiological and psychological factors 1.1.2 The works on the structure of competence and military competence Typical authors: S J (1981); Wiezerkowski and Wagner (1985); Gagné (1985); Weinert F E (2001); Côvaliov A G ; Platônov K K; Vưgôtxki A X In their works, these authors give a vivid picture of factors making personal talents and focus on such factors as intelligence, creativity, motivation and social factors 1.1.3 The works on factors affecting the development of competence and military competence Typical authors are listed here below: Berger, Lance and Berger, Dorothy (2004); Wiezerkowski, W & Wagner, H, (1985); Côvaliov A.G; Lâytex N.X; Platônov P.P; Sramtrenco A Ph These authors clarify some personal factors and social factors such as family and environment 1.1.4 The works on the way to promote competence and military competence Here are typical authors: Terman and Getzel; H Gardner (1983); Sternberg, R J., & Powell, J S; Rudich P.A; Platonov K.K; Xôlovaytrich L.X; Vưgôtxki A X; Lêonchiev A N These authors state that the main way to identify the talents is by observe each individual intelligence in order to assess the intellectual development and by each individual actual situation to find out their quality, capacity and achievements 1.2 The domestic works related to the thesis 1.2.1 The works on origin, competence nature and military competence Typical authors: Phạm Minh Hạc; Nguyễn Quang Uẩn; Nguyễn Huy Tú (2006); Nguyễn Ngọc Phú; Hồng Đình Châu (2002); Ngơ Minh Tuấn These authors clarify that competence and military competence are psychological qualities which enable the subjects to obtain high achievements in daily life in general and in military tasks in particular 1.2.2 The works on structure, competence signs, military competence Here are typical works: Phạm Minh Hạc (2008); Nguyễn Trọng Bảo (1993); Nguyễn Huy Tú (2003); Giáp Bình Nga (2007); Nguyễn Văn Động (2013); Nguyễn Ngọc Phú; Hồng Đình Châu (2002) The authors point out the outstanding qualities of competence, intellectual and thinking capability In term of military field, the signs of military competence are shown by the outstanding specialized knowledge and high intellectual achievements compared to other fellows 1.2.3 The works on factors affecting competence and military competence Typical authors: Phạm Minh Hạc (2008); Nguyễn Huy Tú (2004); Nguyễn Ngọc Phú; Hồng Đình Châu; Ngơ Minh Tuấn The authors point out such factors affecting each individual’s talents as passion, interest, motivation, family, friends, schools and social relationships 7 1.2.4 The works on the ways and measures to promote competence and military competence Typical authors: Nguyễn Trọng Bảo (1996); Nguyễn Ngọc Phú (2010); Ngô Minh Tuấn (2012); Nguyễn Quang Phát; Đặng Hữu Thi; Song Thành These above authors claim that it is necessary to indicate and select the talents relevant to each specific task, creating appropriate environment for ach talent 1.3 An overview of the published works and issues need addressing in the thesis 1.3.1 Overview of the published works related to the thesis Firstly, the foreign and domestic authors claim that military competence is a combination of psychological factors which enable the subjects to obtain high achievements in general and in military tasks in particular Secondly, the works on structure of competence give a vivid picture of psychological factors making up each individual’s talents, including capability, motivation and social factors Thirdly, as far as the thesis’s author know, some works show the factors affecting the development of military talents as subjective factors and factors of family, school and society Fourthly, the foreign and domestic authors indicate the ways to select the talents and create appropriate environments in general and in military fields in particular 1.3.2 The issues need further addressing in this dissertation Firstly, by analysing the foreign and domestic works on competence and military competence, the dissertation finds out the direction to research on military competence for cadets at military schools so as to build up the main points to fulfil the thesis’s purposes and tasks Secondly, the dissertation indicates psychological factors making up cadets’ military competence; psychological factors promoting military competence of cadets at military schools and identifies criteria assessing the current situation of cadet’s military competence 8 Thirdly, the dissertation surveys and assesses the current situation of cadets’ military competence through criteria assessing psychological factors making up military competence Fourthly, the dissertation conducts experiments into cadets’ intelligence and creativity and indicates the correlation with military competence of cadets at military schools Fifthly, from the current situation of psychological factors and factors affecting the promotion of cadets’ military competence, the dissertation proposes some pedagogical - psychological measures to develop military competence for cadets at military schools At the same time, the dissertation conducts 02 typical figures to clarify the process of developing military competence of cadets at military schools Summary of Chapter The dissertation has generalized the works by foreign and domestic authors related to development of military competence at military schools; accordingly the dissertation’s author fills up the vacancy which has not been touched upon This serves as practical and theoretical foundations to conduct research on theoretical issues of psychological base to develop military competence for cadets at military schools Chapter THEORETICAL ISSUES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DEVELOPING MILITARY TALENTS OF CADETS AT MILITARY SCHOOLS 2.1 The basic concepts 2.1.1 Talent Talent is a combination of psychological qualities of individuals including motivation, intelligence, creative mind, outstanding specialized ability, ensuring individuals to achieve unique and new achievements in activities and in social significance People with talents are different from those who only have potential capacities and general capacities on outcomes of the activities Individuals who are called talents in addition to being made up of a combination of outstanding psychological qualities compared to other individuals are evaluated in the products of activities that are unique, creative and socially significant 9 2.1.2 Military talent Military talent is a combination of psychological qualities that are constituted by strong motivation, intellectual development, and high creativity, exceptional specialized capacity, ensuring military personnel to achieve unique and new achievements in military activities, recognized and respected by the military collective Military talents are people with high creativity in military activities, subtle observation, quick record of phenomena in a deep and systematic manner; flexible use of knowledge and skills available to handle military situations in a new and unique way, creating products and innovations in weapons and equipment with high applicability in military operations 2.1.3 Military talent of cadets at military schools * Cadets at military schools Cadets at military universities: According to the Military Education Dictionary, Cadets: 1) generally referring to military personnel who are studying at the training units, military schools 2) Elderly learners out of regular and formal education system such as: official fostering schools, cultural supplementation classes, training classes, post-graduates, etc Students of non-formal schools and classes have two types: official students and visiting students * Students' military talent concept in military schools Military talent of students is a combination of psychological qualities such as motivation, intellect, creative mind, level of awareness and skills in learning and scientific research activities, ensuring students to achieve the results are unique and new in the activities of learning, scientific research in military schools, recognized and admired by the collective The military talent of cadets is a combination of the psychological qualities of cadets, not the addition of individual psychological qualities The combination of psychological qualities of cadets has a role of ensuring cadets to achieve unique and new results in learning and scientific research activities at military schools 2.1.4 Psychological basis for developing military talent of cadets 10 2.1.4.1 Concept of developing military talent of cadets Developing military talent of cadets is the process of purposeful impact of pedagogical forces on cadets to arouse potential talents, military tendencies and bring changes in nature of components such as motivation, intelligence, creativity, level of awareness, skills in learning activities, scientific research of cadets at military schools Development results are reflected in the improvement of mental qualities and outstanding development of action capacity, with initiatives, research projects or scientific products of high value, suitable for training objectives, being recognized by the army and society, contributing positively to the cause of national construction and defense 2.1.4.2 The concept of psychological basis for developing military talent of cadets Psychological basis for developing military talent of cadets is the system of psychological factors that constitute military talent and the factors that influence the development of military talent, from that foundation, military talent of cadets are developed to meet the requirements of academic and scientific research activities at military schools 2.2 The basic psychological factors constituting military talent of cadets at military schools and evaluation criteria 2.2.1 The basic psychological factors constituting military talent of cadets at military schools Through studying the nature, origin and characteristics of talent in the field of military activities, it is clear that in addition to general psychological components, military talent also has specific psychological factors Therefore, from the basis of the above scientific arguments, basic psychological factors that constitute the military talent are identified as: Motive; intelligence; creativity; specialized capacity 2.2.1.1 Motive The motive system of cadets in the process of learning and scientific research is the driving force, associated with satisfying the cognitive needs in the learning process to arouse the positivity of learners and form clear career trends in learning activities Among the 11 psychological factors that make up the military talent of cadets, the motive system is the “motivational” factor to promote, regulate the direction and intensity of the military talent development of cadets and dominate other psychological factors Motive is the basic and major psychological component in the formation of military talent of cadets at military schools, is a profound source of positivity, proactivity and creativity, promoting potential talents of cadets in the process of learning and scientific research 2.2.1.2 Intelligence Intelligence is a psychological component that plays an important role in human activities, ensuring people to remember, determine the direction of action quickly, it allows people to recognize the key attributes and basic relationships of situations and circumstances to be handled; it directly impacts on information collection, information understanding, analysis and reasoning with the information obtained to find the best solution to achieve the intended purposes Intelligence is a very important psychological component forming the military talent of cadets at military schools, the intelligence of cadets is the essential crystallization of insight in cognitive activities, fast, flexible, systematic knowledge acquisition, analysing, evaluating and providing ways to solve conflicts in the process of learning and scientific research correctly 2.2.1.3 Creativity The creativity of cadets is the ability to quickly identify new problems, propose unique and new solutions in learning and scientific research activities at military schools In the formation of military talent of cadets, creativity is a psychological component that holds the position as a central link to form military talent of cadets The creativity as the component constituting military talent of cadets is often expressed in the process of studying and scientific research at military schools with basic signs such as: flexibility in the way think and action; having many new ideas, new unique solutions; capable of operating independently; deep concern innovation and progress; high awareness, self-development 2.2.1.4 Specialized capacity 12 In the formation of military talent, cadets’ specialized capacity plays a decisive role Because military talent of cadets is formed and developed not only from basic psychological factors such as motives, intelligence, creativity, cadets only develop personal and psychological qualities in the structure of military talent on the basis of mastering specialized and scientific knowledge, having a positive attitude, perseverance and knowing how to use own knowledge and experience in each case of study and specific scientific research The system of scientific knowledge, positive attitudes, flexibility, maturity of specialized skills of students is an important basis for forming psychological qualities, developing will qualities in training and learning, cultivating and arousing, developing the potential of personal qualities, consolidating and developing methods, evaluating and discovering contradictions and complex situations that arise in the process of learning and scientific research at military schools In summary, the basic psychological factors that make up the military talent of cadets are a unified block with close relationship and interaction with each other, each component has a position, an indispensable role in the structure of military talent of cadets at military schools In particular, motive is the key psychological factor in the formation of military talent, intelligence is a prerequisite, creativity is a central link, and specialized capacity is decisive factors to the formation of military talent of cadets 2.2.2 Criteria for evaluating military talent of cadets at military schools 2.2.2.1 The establishment for determining the criteria for evaluating military talent of cadets at military schools Author Nguyen Trong Bao, (1993); author Nguyen Van Dong (2013); author Nguyen Ngoc Phu; Hoang Dinh Chau (2002); author Ngo Minh Tuan argued that the criteria for evaluating military talent included political and ideological qualities - moral purity; clear military career trend; intellectual capacity, developed military thinking; creativity; good health; positive influence on military activities 2.1.2.2 Criteria for evaluating military talent of cadets Based on findings of researches on theory and characteristics of learning and scientific research activities at military schools, it is 13 assumed that to study and evaluate military talent of cadets, criteria should be used including: Motive evaluation: based on indicators of (1) excitement, passionate about learning activities, scientific research; (2) Intelligence; (3) Creativity; assessment of specialized capacities: based on (4) level of awareness, skills and (5) achievement in learning and scientific research; (6) Evaluation of outstanding personality qualities The above criteria are the basis for assessing the actual status of military talent at military schools through indicators 2.3 Factors affecting the development of military talent at military schools 2.3.1 Subjective factors Talent is a highly developed level of capacity, so it is directly influenced by subjective factors of individual military talent These are internal factors that directly determine the formation and development of military talent Subjective factors affecting military talent development at military schools include: personal qualities; military career trends; active learning; experience and life practice of cadets 2.3.2 Objective factors The objective factors affecting military talent development are: Entry selection at military schools; teaching contents and methods at military schools; military pedagogical cultural environment; conditions of infrastructure for development of military talent of cadets Conclusion of Chapter The thesis built, analysed and clarified the content of tool concepts such as: Talent, military talent of cadets, psychological basis for developing military talent at military schools In order to properly assess the actual status of military talent of cadets, the thesis was based on basic criteria to evaluate 04 psychological factors that constitute military talent of cadets The thesis identified groups of factors affecting the development of military talent at military schools Chapter RESEARCH ORGANIZATION AND METHOD 3.1 Research organization 3.1.1 Research unit The thesis was carried out at many schools in the whole army: School of Army Officer 1; School of Political Officers; Artillery Officer School; Air Defense - Air Force Academy; Logistics Academy; Military Academy of Technology 14 3.1.2 Distributed research respondents The research respondents consisted of 145 cadets, 130 officers, 140 lecturers at academies and schools in the study area 3.1.3 Research stages * Stage 1: Researched theory and conducted preliminary survey, completed detailed outline (September 2014 - November 2015) * Stage 2: Surveyed, assessed the situation, and proposed psychological-pedagogical measures to develop military talent of cadets at military schools (December 2015 - March 2018.) * Stage 3: Checked survey data and continued to add content (4/2017 - 12/2018) * Stage 4: Completed the thesis (from 01/2019 - 05/2019) 3.2 Research methodology In order to serve the thesis, many different research methods were used such as: Method of studying materials; observation method; in-depth interview method; survey method by questionnaire; multiple choice method; expert method; typical psychological portrait analysis method; method of processing data by mathematical statistics Conclusion of Chapter The above methods are specifically implemented according to the research objectives and tasks, suitable to the practical conditions and circumstances of the thesis; ensuring reliability in the process of assessing the actual situation of military talent development and the status of factors affecting the development of military talents of military schools Chapter FINDINGS OF RESEARCHING PRACTICAL MILITARY TALENT OF CADETS AT MILITARY SCHOOLS 4.1 Status of intelligence, creativity of cadets through WMT and TSD-Z testing 4.1.1 Status of intelligence level of students through WMT test The test was carried out with 145 cadets who were studying in the 2nd year, 3rd year and 4th year at military schools Specifically, 41 cadets specialized in Commanding Officers; 78 cadets specialized in logistics and technology; 26 cadets specialized in political training All requirements and techniques to perform 15 WMT testing identified in chapter were followed Specific results were as follows Table 4.1 Test results of intelligence Total 145 Low IQ Below average IQ Average IQ Above average IQ High IQ 125 QUANT % QUANT % QUANT % QUANT % QUANT % 0 0 4.14 65 44.83 74 51.03 Results from Table 4.1 show that intelligence of cadets at military schools is generally at the average level or higher Among them, 74/145 cadets had high results of intelligence test The testing time was only about 20/25 minutes compared to the test requirement However, among tested respondents, there were 6/145 cadets with an average intelligence level In order to compare the test results of WMT to intelligence level of cadets at military schools according to the three faculties of Commander, staff officer; Logistics, engineering; Politics The results show that 78/78 = 100% cadets of Logistics and Engineering had intelligence over average level In which 47/78 cadets, accounting for 60.26% had high intelligence In commanders and staff officers, 19/41 cadets, accounting for 46.34% of cadets had high intelligence; in politics, 8/26 cadets, accounting for 41.02% had high intelligence 4.1.2 Current status of cadets’ creativity with TSD-Z test Surveying creativity in the military talent structure, the TSDZ test of Klaus K.Urban was used The test was applied on 145 cadets with high academic performance at military schools and scientific research projects winning prizes in the creative youth contest of the army Research results are shown in chart 4.2 as follows Creativity of cadets Average Above average Fairly good Very good Distinguished Figure 4.2 Distribution of TSD-Z test results 16 Figure 4.2 shows that, of 145 respondents in creativity testing, 38.62% of cadets gained very good level and 10.34% of cadets was at average level In particular, 6.20% of cadets were at distinguished level This shows that, appropriate measures of pedagogical forces at military schools have helped cadets develop their own potential psychological qualities, especially creativity in learning and scientific research activities Test results according to the training majors of cadets with (GPA = 47.44), of which the lowest score was 18 and the highest score was 65 This result draws the conclusion: cadet’s creativity was at fairly good level There was a certain difference in level of creativity among training majors In which the creativity of cadets in Commander, Staff Officer and Logistics, Technology had creativity of fairly good level Political training cadets showed average level of creativity In summary, the results of research on creativity in military talent with TSD-Z test can draw conclusions: the process of developing creativity constituting military talent of cadets was at fairly good level Cadets of different majors showed different levels of creative development The difference in creativity was statistically significant The level of creativity was proportional to the time of studying at schools 4.2 The reality of military talent manifestation of cadets at military schools through indicators 4.2.1 The reality of excitement, passion for learning and scientific research of cadets at military schools The results of surveying excitement and passion for learning and scientific research of cadets were based on the signs and indicators identified in chapter Results [appendices 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4] of the surveyed respondents (self-assessment of cadets; assessments of managerial officials; assessment of lecturers) were collected as follows: Table 4.6 Excitement and passion for learning and scientific research of cadets No Indicators GPA Excitement and interests in learning activities 2.37 Do additional exercises related to the subjects 2.33 Actively exchange and debate with lecturers and colleagues 2.36 about learning contents and methods Like to collect more books, newspapers, and learning materials 2.31 SD 0.55 0.57 0.41 0.49 17 10 related to training majors Actively apply theory to practical military operations Passion with military operations at military schools Actively study both in class and self-study process Interests in new scientific information Love to explore, discover new ideas Actively overcome difficulties in learning and research General GPA 2.35 2.35 2.28 2.31 2.31 2.39 2.34 0.50 0.51 0.59 0.40 0.51 0.59 0.37 Table 4.6 reveals that the basic manifestations of excitement, passion in learning and scientific research of cadets were at high level (GPA = 2.34) Of which, the manifestation actively overcome difficulties in learning and research (GPA = 2.39) had the highest average score The result is praiseworthy, because the military talent of cadets is developed primarily in academic and scientific research activities at military schools According to academic years, the results show that cadets in the third and fourth years were more interested and excited in learning and scientific research activities than those in the second year It can be affirmed that excitement, passion for learning and scientific research of cadets was developed and progressed according to schools year at military schools 4.2.2 Reality of cadets’ intelligence at military schools According to evaluation of respondents, intelligence manifestations of cadets were at high level (GPA = 2.37) In which the highest manifestations were good memory (GPA = 2.48); find answers quickly and easily (GPA = 2.46); Other manifestations of intelligence such as the ability to work independently, have optimal plans, detect contradictions in learning and scientific research of cadet were all at high level (GPA = 2.32 ÷ 2.36) The results of surveying basic manifestations of intelligence constituting military talent of cadets at military schools were at high level The intelligence of cadets majoring in Commander, Staff officers, logistics, and techniques through indicators was evaluated to be higher than that of cadets majoring in Politics 4.2.3 The reality of cadets’ creativity at military schools The reality of cadets’ creativity, according to the evaluation of respondents was at high level (GPA = 2.34) Of which, manifestations such as rich imagination; proficient use of military knowledge to handle situations were at high level (GPA = 2.43 and GPA = 2.41) Assessment of the object of study on the creativity of students based on indicators identified at high levels Creativity of 18 cadets based on identified indicators was evaluated to be at high level ANOVA test revealed that self-evaluation of cadets; evaluation of managing staff and evaluation of lecturers were statistically significant difference In-depth tests showed according to evaluation of leaders and managers, creativity of cadets were higher than being evaluated by cadets themselves and lecturers 4.2.4 Reality of perception and skills in learning and scientific research of cadets at military schools The survey results showed that specialized capacity of cadets assessed based on perception, skills in learning and scientific research, according to the evaluation of respondents was at average level (GPA = 2.31) In particular, some contents were at high level such as perception of target and requirement of building military in the new situation (GPA = 2.40); mastering specialized and interdisciplinary knowledge (GPA = 2.39); awareness of the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought; awareness of training goals and requirements t military schools (GPA = 2.36) Perception and skills in learning and scientific research of cadets showed a statistically significant difference, which is the second year cadets had lower perception, skills in learning and scientific research than those of the 3rd and 4th year cadets at military schools 4.2.5 Reality of achievement in learning and scientific research of cadets at military schools Reality of achievement in learning and scientific research for military talent of cadets at military schools was evaluated according to indicators identified in chapter and shown in Table 4.13 as follows Table 4.13 Results of achievement in learning and scientific research of cadets No Indicators Excellent achievements in study and research Positive, proactive in scientific research GPA 2.41 2.37 SD 0.41 0.39 0.42 Have high value scientific products and initiatives 2.37 Excellent completion of all tasks in learning and scientific 2.38 research Recognized by the units and the army and honoured talents 2.36 Reputable in class 0.57 2.29 0.37 0.76 19 General GPA 2.36 0.31 The results from table 4.13 showed that the achievements in learning and scientific research activities of cadets, according to evaluation of respondents were at a high level (GPA = 2.36) Of which, the highest achievement was Excellent achievements in study and research (GPA = 2.41); Excellent completion of all tasks in learning and scientific research (GPA = 2.38) Achievements were correlated positively and closely with basic psychological factors constituting military talent of the cadets Therefore, the development of military talent of cadets is associated with the achievements that they have in their learning and scientific research 4.2.6 Reality of outstanding personality quality of cadets at military schools The survey results showed that the process of developing outstanding personality quality in military talent of cadets was average level (GPA = 2.29) Of surveyed qualities, there was a number of qualities at high level such as pure and healthy morality (GPA = 2.60); absolute loyalty to the Party, the Fatherland and the people (GPA = 2.45) The process of developing outstanding personality quality in military talent of cadets at military schools, according to respondents was at high level Self-assessment of cadets; assessment of managers and lecturers on the process of developing outstanding personality quality in military talent of cadets were not statistically significant, the assessments were similar 4.2.7 Summarizing reality of cadets’ military talents at military schools * Summarizing the correlation between the test results of intelligence and creativity and military talent of cadets at military schools The results are shown in diagram 4.1 as follows High IQ INTELLIGENCE Above average IQ MILITARY TALENT OF CADETS AT MILITARY SCHOOLS Distinguished Very good CREATIVITY Fairly good Above average Average IQ Average Diagram 4.1 Correlation between intelligence and creativity and military talent of cadets 20 The level of intelligence manifestation of cadets and military talents of cadets had a positive and strong correlation (r = 0.516 ÷ 0.735, p