Tư tưởng của v i lênin về bảo vệ lợi ích quốc gia và định hướng ở việt nam hiện nay tt tiếng anh

in’s thoughts on protecting NIs has positively contributed to clarifytheoretical contents about protecting NIs in Vietnam today;equipping scientific and revolutionary reasoning skills fo

INTRODUCTION

1 Reason for choosing topic of the thesis

Protecting national interests (NIs) is a matter of law, is thestrategic task of every country Protecting NIs is a matter of law forall types of countries, socialist countries are no exception Therefore,every country must pay special attention to enhance combinedstrengths in order to ensure comprehensive and effective protection

of its NIs Protecting interests of socialist state is the sum of positiveand self-aware activities of both the political system and all thepeople, in order to preserve and strengthen NIs, fight against allviolations against NIs of hostile forces in every situation to directlyprotect the vital interests, the existence and development benefits ofthe socialist state Protecting interests of socialist state is astrategic task under the leadership of the communist party, thecentralized and unified management of the socialist state

V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs are an invaluablespiritual property for communist parties of socialist states toeffectively implement in protecting their NIs Complying with thetheory of Marxism - Leninism, directly the Leninist thought about theprotecting NIs is a principal issue to comprehensively and effectivelyprotect the interests of socialist states Lenin - the genius leader of theproletariat, directly the leader of the Russian revolution, made greatcontributions both in the theoretical and practical aspects inprotecting the interests of socialist states Even in the first years afterthe victory of the Great Russian October socialist revolution, Leninclearly recognized the position and importance of protecting NIs andeconomic, political, national security and defence challenges against

a fledgling government in carrying out this task Since then, he soonstudied and identified the principles, rules, contents, subjects,methods, forces and power to protect NIs He and the RussianBolshevik Party successfully defended NIs of Soviet Union under theresistance of the invading empires That theory and practice havebeen and continue to serve as a scientific basis for communist andsocialist parties to study, learn and apply to protect their NIs

In the process of leading Vietnamese revolution, President

Ho Chi Minh and our Communist Party always applied faithfully andcreatively V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs in planning andimplementing the protection of Vietnam's NIs with many great achievements

For more than 30 years of renovation, Vietnamese Communist Party hasclearly defined the directing opinion of protecting NIs

“Ensuring the supreme interests of the nation on the basis ofthe fundamental principles of international law, equality andmutual benefits, consistently implementing the independent,autonomous, peaceful, cooperative and developmental policies inforeign relations; diversifying and multilateralizing foreignrelations; being proactive and active in international integration;being a friend, trusted partner and responsible member of theinternational community” [24, p 153]

However, along with the achievements, in the practice ofprotecting NIs, there are still shortcomings and limitations Theawareness about protecting NIs in some places with a devianttendency has been directly affecting the cause of protecting NIs

Currently, the protection NIs of Vietnam is subjected tomulti-dimensional impacts of many factors, further demanding moreloyalty and creativity in implementing thoughts of Lenin in Thesituation of the world and the region will have many complicateddevelopments, creating both opportunities and challenges forprotecting NIs Peace, national independence, democracy,cooperation and development are still major trends Globalization,international integration, scientific and technological revolution,knowledge-based economy continues to be promoted Asia - Pacific,including Southeast Asia has become a community, continuing to be

an important centre for dynamic development with the increasedimportance in geographic - economic - political position; At the sametime, this is also a strategic competitive area between a number of bigcountries, with many uncertainties; territorial disputes, sovereigntyover sea and islands in the region and the South China Sea

In the country, the nation's overall strength increases, thecountry's international reputation has been increasingly enhanced;international integration is getting more intensive and extensive.Opportunities for development are more and more available.However, there are still many difficulties and challenges: The fourrisks pointed out by the Communist Party still exist; Degeneration of

political ideas, morality, lifestyle, expression of "self-evolutions",

"self-transformation" in a part of cadres, party members, civil

servants and officials The socio-political situation in some areas isalso potentially at risk of instability Therefore, the study of Lenin

in’s thoughts on protecting NIs has positively contributed to clarifytheoretical contents about protecting NIs in Vietnam today;equipping scientific and revolutionary reasoning skills for workingclass and people to work and fight, smash all intrigues and tricks ofviolating sovereignty, territorial integrity, protect the Party and State,protect the people, protect the socialist regime.

All of these factors are posing many new problems andrequirements for the cause of protecting NIs in Vietnam today,further demanding good and deeper understanding and application ofLenin in’s thoughts in protecting NIs in Vietnam today For the

above reasons, the topic: "V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today" was

chosen for the thesis with urgent and theoretical significance

2 Purposes of tasks of the study

Purposes of the study

The study clarifies V.I.Lenin’s content and ideological value

on protecting NIs; accordingly it plans the direction to apply thatideology into Vietnam’s NIs at the present

Tasks of the study

The study gives an overview of the thesis-related situation.The study clarifies the scientific basis to form V.I.Lenin’sideology on protecting NIs; the concept of NIs, protection of NIs;V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NIs and NIs protection

The study clarifies the fundamental content and V.I.Lenin’sideological value on protecting NIs

The study provides the direction to apply into Vietnam’s NIsprotection at the present

3 Object and scope of the study

Object of the study

V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs and the direction to

apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs

Scope of the study

The study focuses on the contents of V.I.Lenin’s ideology on

protecting NIs of Soviet Russian socialism and Soviet and the

direction to apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs at the present

In terms of time: V.I.Lenin’s ideology form 1895 to 1924,focusing from 1917 to 1924; the direction to apply that ideology into

Vietnam’s NIs at the present.

4 Practical and theoretical basis and methodology

Methodology

The study uses the methodology of dialectical materialismand historical materialism, combined with the use of methods ofanalysis and synthesis; history and logic; generalization andabstraction; sociological investigation methods, etc to fulfil thepurposes and tasks of the study

5 New contributions of the research

The study primarily provides the scientific basis to formV.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs; the concept of NIs,protection of NI; V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NIs and NIs protection

The study clarifies the fundamental content and V.I.Lenin’sideological value on protecting NIs

The study proposes the direction to apply that ideology intoVietnam’s NI at the present

6 Theoretical and practical significance of the study

The findings of the study contribute to provide the scientificarguments in identifying the direction to improve the application ofV.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting Vietnam’s NIs at the present

The study can be used as references researching and teaching therelated issues at academies and schools nowadays

7 Structure of the thesis

The thesis includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (12 periods),Conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to thedissertation, list of references and Appendices

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH

SITUATION 1.1 The foreign works related to the thesis

1.1.1 The works on interest, national interests

National interest is the strategic problem of every nation Thus,there have been several works worldwide researching on this issue toanalyse and apply into addressing NIs in different specific aspect

The works on interest

Typical authors and their works are listed here below: Mark Lenin’s sociology by V.Đôbơrianốp; National security strategy and its expansion commitment by American President William.J.Clintơn; Investigation into big changes in American military strategy by Tran Ba Khoa; American commitment in extending American new global strategy by Le Ba Thuyen; American crucial benefits Zêm A.Đônôvan; Social benefit: unity and diversity by V.A.Vassev; An analysis on Russian economic transformation and benefit distribution by Ong Tuan Binh and Cao

-Tu Binh These above works have thoroughly touched upon andstated that the interest plays a decisive role in development strategy

of every nation

The works on national interest

Typically: “Restate national interests” published on Journal of International Relations in 11/1999; “South-East Asian in American

national security strategy after the cold war” by Nguyen Thi Le,

published on Journal of South-East Asian, Volume 3, 2007; “National

interests - the foundation for planning American national securitystrategy” by Vo Hai Minh, published on Journal named “Economic andpolitical issues in the world”, Volume 12 (128), 2006; “China’s national

interest in relation with ASEAN”, published on Journal of Pacific Asian economy, Volume 289 (11/2009); “On national interest and

-China’s relations with big countries and neighbouring countries” by

Nguyen Phuong, published on Journal of Research on China, Volume 5

(141), 2013 By different approaches, these works have thoroughlyinterpreted national interest a variety of fields such as economics,politics, culture, defence, security and foreign affairs, which serve as thebasis and driving force for social development of each country

1.1.2 The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest, national interest protection

The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest

Typically: Principles of Leninism by J.V.Stalin; On internationalism and nationalism by Luu Thieu Ky These works have

interpreted V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest in the class struggle betweenworking class and the proletariat according to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism in order to protect the interest of Russian working class and workers

in the communist movement and international workers

The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on national interest protection

Typical works: V.I.Lenin in the days of November by N.Cơrupscaia; V.I.Lenin’s leadership in defending Soviet by N.P.Cudơmin; V.I.Lênin’s career is alive and of victory by L.I.Bơrêgiơnhép; Lenin’s principle in building new type of Party by J.V.Stalin; Issues on Leninism by J.V.Stalin; Hoi Ky Memoir about V.I.Lenin by V.A.Cacpinxki; Leninism’s foundations by J.V.Stalin; Theoretical issues on the excessive period from capitalism to socialism by I.A.Đôrôsép, M.F.Makarava, A.V.Tusunốp; V.I.Lênin on the State of socialism by I.Lốcchiép; V.I.Lenin’s style in working and the Party’s leadership by M.M.Vaxerơ These works contribute to clarify

V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NI protection, the indispensability, content,subject, method, force, strength and value of V.I.Lenin’s NIs protection todeal with the hostile forces and to develop the country, bringing aboutgreat benefits for Russian working class and workers

1.2 The domestic works related to the thesis

1.2.1 The works on interest

There are a numbers of works on interest in Vietnam, typically:

Community of Vietnam nation by Dang Nghiem Van; A contribution to researching interest relations by Nguyen Linh Khieu; Driving force for socio-economic development by Nguyen Linh Khieu; The role of interest with social development by Dang Quang Dinh; Building socialism in Vietnam, the origin and motivation by Le Huu Tang; On the conflict of interest today by Ho Ba Tham; Relationship between personal interest and social ethics in the market economy in Vietnam today by Pham Van Duc; The issue of combining different types of interests in the cause of protecting and developing the country in Vietnam by Pham Van Duc; Distributing interest in the socialist-

oriented market economy by Vu Thanh Son; Practical and theoretical groups of interest by Le Thai Duong; Addressing peacefully the border and territory dispute: Theory and practice by Dang Dinh Quy and

Nguyen Thi Lan Anh These above works have analysed and clearlystated the role, origin, motivation of interest for the socialdevelopment and pointed out the nature of interest in social relationsand its effects on development of the market economy, NIsprotection in Vietnam today

1.2.2 The works on national interest and national interest protection

Typically: Ensuring harmonious interest of intellects in international economic integration of Vietnam by Ngo Tuan Nghia;

Interest of employees working in foreign-invested companies inVietnam today by Le Xuan Thuy; Maintaining national independenceand sovereignty in the cause of building and protecting socialistVietnam Fatherland by Dang Duy Thin; “Farmers’ interests” by

Nguyen Danh Son, published on Journal of Economics These works

have clarified the practical and theoretical basis on interest in thecause of building and protecting socialist Vietnam Fatherland,contributing to build Vietnam working class in the new situation andensure its position in the global process

1.2.3 The works on applying V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest, national interest protection

Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy with the book

Development and creative application V.I.Lenin’s ideology into the reality of Vietnam revolution This book touches upon systems of

V.I.Lenin’s views and thoughts in terms of economics, politics,philosophy, scientific socialism, nation, religion, culture, society, partybuilding and state government; flexible application of V.I.Lenin’sthoughts into building socialism in Vietnam This book also mentionsdifferent points of NIs, ways of protecting and developing NIs

Political Academy - Ho Chi Minh National Administration has

published the Conference Proceedings on V.I.Lenin’s heritage in the current world and the innovative cause in Vietnam The book consists of

124 articles at National Conference The authors have thoroughly andcompletely presented V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on different aspects of sociallife, combining between building and fighting, actively protectingachievements of proletariat revolution and interest of Russian working

class and workers Accordingly, some papers deal with VietnamCommunist Party’s application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into building and

protecting the country Other typical works include: New thinking on national independence and sovereignty and protection of national independence and sovereignty in the global and regional era and international economic integration by Le Van Quang; Protection of national independence and sovereignty in the globalization by Nguyen Hoang Giap; Renovating, improving the management efficiency, national border protection in the new situation by Do Nhat Tan; Application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on the Party’s leadership into our country today by Pham Ngoc Quang; V.I.Lenin’s views on building the army in terms of politics and our Party’s application into the Vietnam people’s Army by Le Van Phong; Application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into building the legal State in our country today by Mach Quang

Thang These works have thoroughly analysed the application ofV.I.Lenin’s thoughts into NIs protection in our country, which haveobtained significant achievements in fighting for national independenceand innovative period At the same time, they have pointed outrequirements and contents of NIs protection in Vietnam today

1.3 Brief findings of published works and the issues that require further solutions from the thesis

1.3.1 Brief findings of published works and the issues related to the thesis

There have been many scientific works in and outside thecountry, under different approaches, researching interests, nationalinterests, protecting national interests; application of Lenin's thoughts

on protecting NIs These documents are of great scientific values,helping the author thesis to study, refer to and inherit in the process

of implementing the thesis: "V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today”.

Researching scientific works related to the thesis, main findingscould be generalized as the following:

Firstly, the above scientific works studied, analysed and

explained comprehensively and specifically contents of interests,basis for formulation of interests, conceptions of NIs, protecting NIs.The interests are relatively different for countries with different politicalregimes Interests of socialist countries were also explained clearly withemphasis on the leadership of the communist party, therefore, interests

of classes, people and nation are basically unified, because, theCommunist Party is a representative of the interests of the class, thenation and the whole society These are important and valuable issues interms of methodology and practical meaning for the author to selectabsorb and study in a systematic way to serve the thesis research

Secondly, with different approaches, scientific works basically

presented the Leninist ideological system of material interests, mentalinterests of the working class and working people of Soviet Union and

the protection of those interests under all circumstances The authors

emphasized the value of Lenin's thoughts on protecting theachievements of the Great October Revolution, the process of flexibleimplementation of protecting NIs, protecting NIs of socialist countries,protecting compressed nations and slavery nations in the world

The authors properly interpreted the thoughts of Lenin aboutthe true NIs with persuasion and effectiveness of both theory andpractice Fighting against personal interests or the idea of onlyprotecting NIs of their countries without respecting the interests ofother countries These scientific works, although, have somedifferences, they have provided the author relatively comprehensivejudgments on documents and data to inherit, select, serve the researchprocess in order to propose the orientations on applying theprotection NIs in Vietnam today

Thirdly, the above-mentioned research projects using the thought

of Lenin in protecting Nis of socialist states presented a systematic way ofapplying the thought of Lenin in the specific circumstances of the countriesincluding Vietnam Vietnamese Party affirmed that: without Marxism-Leninism, without the October Revolution, there would certainly be no

1945 August revolution of Vietnam, establishing the first industrialand agricultural government in Southeast Asia

In particular, the authors clarified the idea of Lenin on thetask of protecting Nis from the creative development of the Marxistand Engels’ ideas on armed protection of the socialist revolution.This is really an important document for the author to refer andinherit the necessary contents for the thesis

Overall, the scientific projects related to the thesis allcarefully and systematically studied, with both practical andtheoretical values They are very important source of material for the

author to refer, inherit, absorb and serve the construction andeffective implementation of this thesis.

1.3.2 Issues for the thesis to deal with

Due to the different purpose of research and approach, theabove works did not directly and comprehensively study the system

of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs and the orientation forapplication in Vietnam today Therefore, the thesis continues to studyand solve the following issues:

Firstly, continue to research and clarify the scientific basis of

Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs This is one of the important contents

of the thesis On the basis of inheriting published documents and works,the author will analyse and clarify the theoretical basis - based on theprevious scientific premise but most directly being the inheritance anddevelopment of Marxism; practical basis - the process in which Leninand the Bolshevik Party of Russia conducted leadership to protect theinterests and revolutionary achievements in the civil war as well as toprotect the Soviet Union, to oppose the invasion of imperialism, toprotect the national defence and sovereignty territory

Secondly, continue to study and analyse the basic contents

and ideological values of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs.Although the above mentioned work mentioned this content, it isincomplete Therefore, the author wanted to generalize the basicideological values of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs, protectingNIs in history and now so that the Communist Parties and SocialistStates continue to study and apply and promote their ideas of Lenin’sthoughts on protecting NIs

Thirdly, propose orientation for effective use of that thought

of Lenin in protecting NIs in Vietnam today In revolutionary times,Vietnamese Communist Party and the State applied faithfully andcreatively the thought of Lenin in protecting NIs effectively andsuccessfully There are also scientific works that have mentionedsome contents related to applying the idea of Lenin in protecting NIs

in Vietnam, but not yet very systematically Moreover, there are newfactors affecting the cause of protecting NIs Therefore, on the basis

of inheriting the results of these projects, analysing the currentsituation of changes, the author proposed orientations for effectiveand creative application of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting Nis inVietnam in a comprehensive and systematic manner

Thus, from the above-mentioned issues, it can be affirmed

that until now there has not been any scientific work that researches

basically, systematically and comprehensively V.I.Lenin’s thoughts

on protecting national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today Therefore, the thesis topic does not overlap other

research works and has practical and theoretical significance

Conclusion of Chapter 1

In chapter 1, the author reviews 25 foreign research projectsand 23 domestic research projects related to the thesis topic withmany different genres At the same time, the author also researchesand clearly identifies the issues that need to be addressed The aboveworks have contributed to clarify the theoretical and practical issuesrelated to the protection of national interests in general and inVietnam in particular The overview, on the one hand, createsfavourable conditions for the author to study, inherit the scientificvalues that the researches have achieved for his thesis On the otherhand, it provides information, helping the author more deeply aware

of the issues that the previous works have not mentioned orresearched or insufficiently studied

Chapter 2 SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF FORMATION AND V.I.LENIN IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPT ON PROTECTING NATIONAL INTERESTS - SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES

2.1 Scientific basis for formation and development of V.I.Lenin's thoughts on protecting national interests

The basis of scientific formation and development ofV.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests of socialiststates is the combination of objective conditions and subjectivefactors of Lenin It is inheriting the ideological essence of mankind,directly the thought of Karl Marx and Engels on the interests ofworking class and the working people, applying creatively to theworld situation, the reality of Russia at the end of the 19th century andthe beginning of the 20th century With excellent intellectual qualities,strong proletarian stance, clever combination of practicalrevolutionary activities and theoretical research, Lenin supplementedand developed Marxism in a comprehensive way, including the ideaabout the national interests, protecting Nis of socialist states to a newheight Moreover, he and the Bolshevik Party of Russia led the

people to realize that idea in successfully defending Nis of SovietRussia and of the Soviet Union

2.1.1 Reality of the world situation, Russia in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century

2.1.1.1 Reality of the world situation in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century

At the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentiethcentury, capitalist production developed strongly

State monopoly capitalism emerged, expanding markets,developing throughout Europe

Imperialism expanded war of aggression, conqueringcolonies, infringing upon sovereignty, national interests, and nationalindependence of countries in the world, making the situation forproletarian revolution and socialist states to come, which requiredLenin to pay attention to the issue of socialist national interests

2.1.1.2 The situation of Russia in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century

Revolutionary centre moved into Russia The situation andopportunities for proletarian revolution came, the Russian Revolution inOctober 1917 broke out and won, the first socialist country in the worldwas born; the task of protecting national interests was set directly

The Russian Soviet nation was born 14 imperialist countriesbesieged and made war with the intention of killing the youngRussia The issue of protecting the revolutionary achievements andnational interests was directly and urgently set

The task of defending the Fatherland, protecting the socialistnational interests was directly put forward with Lenin, the BolshevikParty of Russia and the Soviet authorities

Protecting the interests of the Russian nation, the State of theSoviet Union set up new contents, new forms and measures

2.1.2 Marx and Engels’ ideas on national interests and protecting national interests

The thought of Lenin on national interests, protectingnational socialist interests inherited, developed the scientific andrevolutionary thoughts of Mark and Engels on national interests onthe following matters:

2.1.2.1 Ideas of C Marx and Engels on national interests.

Marxism conceived that national interests were always tied to theruling class interests, firstly reflecting the core interests of the ruling class