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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MAI THI HANH LE SPIRITUAL LIBERAL THOUGHT OF F.M DOSTOIEVSKI AND ITS VALUES Major: Philosophy Major code: 9229001 DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY HA NOI - 2019 The work was completed at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Supervisor: Prof Dr Science instructor: Nguyen Van Huyen Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Science instructor: Nguyen Vu Hao Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Science instructor : Nguyen Minh Hoan Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof Dr Science instructor: Nguyen Trong Tuan The thesis will be defended in front of the PhD Evaluation Committee at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at hour minute, day month year ……… The thesis can be found at the National Library and Library of Social Sciences Academy INTRODUCTION The imperative of subject At any times, liberal of spirit and spiritual liberal issues of human society is also a core problem and urgent Awareness about the role of spirituality in modern society as a matter of critical and urgent, special economic needs and physical condition overwhelmed the spiritual life, become factors directly lead to the crisis in the spiritual life of man, of every community and of all humanity In the XXI century, science and technology development by storm, especially the technological revolution 4.0, making the system life values are set new trends of human values is formed Material values and spiritual values sometimes difficult to distinguish Choice and value properly fit each individual's age is a matter of paramount importance for the present and future In Vietnam, studied the philosophical thought of liberal and spiritual liberal gained considerable achievements However, the awareness, the notion of spiritual liberal hitherto inconsistent Research on liberal and spiritual liberal are true philosophy Marxist, along with study spiritual liberal of the many philosophical schools differ in the history of human thought, contributing to the elimination of poverty in cultural conceptions of spirit and suggestive, attracting resources spiritual development country, people of Vietnam today In the context of nation building, the period of integration and globalization today, the research problem spiritual liberal sometimes misunderstood, due to misrepresentation, abuse their spiritual liberal as a tool, the how "peaceful evolution" of the hostile forces Research on Dostoievski in Vietnam in terms of philosophy, especially the appreciation of the contribution of philosophical thought, including the spiritual liberal thought of him was not entirely satisfactory To be open to Dostoievski thought conformity with Marxist philosophy, with the view of the Party to seize the new, proper attitude with creativity and originality in each individual initiative The construction and development Vietnamese people, raising living standards and morale, preserve, promote and develop their spiritual values is an urgent mission Therefore, the study and appreciate the Spritual liberal of Dostoievski will contribute to the cause of building the system of human values and national culture, to the cause of cultural development of the nation, and contribute to the development of philosophical thought humane in Vietnam From practical reasons and urgency above, research student (postgraduate) chosen the theme: " Spiritual liberal thought of F.M.Dostoievski and its values" to a doctoral thesis of myseft Research purpose and mission of the thesis - Purpose: Thesis research, analyze and generalize some of the main contents of the spirit of liberal thought from the perspective philosophy of Dostoievski Base on that, analysis to derive the values spiritual liberal thought of him - Mission: To achieve this purpose, the thesis will due to the main missions: - Overview of research related to the subject and identify the problems faced by the thesis - To analyze and clarify the basic factors affecting the formation of spiritual liberal thought of Dostoievski - General analysing of the main contents spiritual liberal thought of Dostoievski - Draw the basic values spiritual liberal thought of Dostoievski Research object and scope of the thesis - Research objectives: Thought of Dostoievski is very rich that reflected in many aspects and different content, thesis focused on research spritual liberal thought from the perspective philosophical of him - Scope of research: Thought of Dostoievski is expressed in various fields such as literature, psychology, cultural studies Thesis only research spiritual liberal thought of Dostoievski from the perspective philosophy, through the works of literature and documents about his biography Rationale and Research methods 4.1 Rationale The thesis is done on a theoretical basis of Mac - Lenin, Ho Chi Minh thoughts and views of Communist Party of Vietnam on the spiritual life of man, about culture The thesis also uses theoretical achievements of scientific work research on the philosophical thought of Dostoievski in the world 4.2 Methodology and research methods - Methodology: The thesis is done on the basis of the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism - The specific research methods: Interdisciplinary methods (Literature – History - Philosophy): research object of the thesis is philosophical thought through the literary works of a writer in history Interdisciplinary methods (Literature – History - Philosophy will bring high efficiency In the philosophical method, the thesis uses specific methods: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, comparative generalizations New contributions to the science of thesis - The thesis analyzed, clarifying the factors that affect the formation of the spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski - The thesis has analyzed and covered some of major content of the spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski - The thesis has drawn some important values of the spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski The significance of the thesis - Theoretical meaning With the results obtained, the thesis was to clarify, deepen and enrich the philosophical ideas of a writer- an Russian eminent thinker in nineteenth-century Thesis contributes additional awareness of the development path on spiritual life of Russia while suggestive of the methodology for the study development path on Russia’s spiritual in the new century - Practical meaning The thesis can be used as a source of reference for research, teaching and learning in institutions of research, teaching and creative Structure of the thesis Besides the Introduction, Conclusion, The list of references, the thesis is structured into four chapters, with 16 period Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO TOPIC AND ISSUES POSED FOR THE THESIS 1.1 Situation study on the formation of spiritual liberal thought of F.M.Dostoievski 1.1.1 Situation study on the influence of historical-social factors in the formation spiritual liberal thought of F.M.Dostoievski - Research works in foreign: In Russia, in 1883, Vladiamir Soloviev wrote "Three speeches commemorating Dostoievski", After that, the article was published in the book " Super of love "(episode 3), (Pham Vinh Cu translated and and assembled, Knowledge Publishing House, 2011, pp.81-111) Article pointed out that, through the vast of natural geographical conditions, historic conquest of Russia, affecting the Russian thoughts in general, Liberal thoughts of Dostoievski in particular In Russia, the book " Doxtoiepski - The Life and career " (L.Groxman, Culture Publishing House, 2007) pointed out the historical - society conditions led to appearance liberal thoughts of Dostoievski In 1923, N.A.Berdyaev (1874-1948 published books about Dostoievski in Pragne (according to Nguyen Huu Hieu) [15, p.761] The book which is called "The world of Dostoevsky" by N.A.Berdyaev, (Nguyen Van Trong translation, Knowledge Publishing House, 2017) Berdyaev saw the commotion of Dostoievski after replacing the death penalty with hard labor sentence - Research works in the country: The book "History of Russian literature in The nineteenth century" was the first published in 1978 by Education Publishing House (with reprints by Hanoi National University Publishing House, 2002), Nguyen Hai Ha (editor) pointed out the influence of the era to the thought of Russian writers in general and thoughts of Dostoievski in particular The book "Appearance of Western philosophy modern " (2006, Publisher Hanoi), The author Do Minh Hop had generalized historical-social conditions led to the development of liberal thought existential in general and philosophical ideas of Dostoievski in particular Research works "History of Russian literature", (co-author Nguyen Kim Dinh, Do Hong Chung, Nguyen Hai Ha, Hoang Ngoc Hien, Nguyen Truong Lich, Huy Lien, Publisher of Education, 2006), introduced the conditional form ideological content of Dostoievski [12], pp.355-386 The research of Pham Vinh Cu: "Dostoievski - career and legacy", (Journal of Foreign Literature, No 6, 2001), has interpreted interaction factors led to appear of spititual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski Works indicate that trends to loss freedom and democracy of the majority Russian in the nineteenth century as a condition for Dostoievski discussed freely 1.1.2 The study on the influence of contemporary thoughts to formation spiritual liberal thoughts of F.M Dostoievski - The typical works in foreign: The book "Philosophy of Freedom" was the first published by N.A Berdyaev at The Way publisher in Russia in 1911, (Vietnamese version in Vietnam, Do Minh Hop translation, Nguyen Trong Chuan revised, Knowledge publisher, 2015) pointed out The Christian influence on The liberal thought formation of Dostoievski The "World View of Dostoievsky" by N.A Berdyaev, (Knowledge publisher, 2017) is one of the most valuable books and is early written about the role of Christian for the formation of liberal thoughts of Dostoievski The book " Doxtoiepxki - The Life and career " of L.Grossman published in the 50s of the twentieth century, which was later translated and published in Vietnam (L.Groxman, Publishing Culture, 2007) analysis, prove meticulously thought-stream changes of Dostoievski Grossman has shown the diversion of Dostoievski thought about the 40s of XIX century - Research works in the country: In "The Philosophy existentialism" by Tran Thai Dinh was the first published by the Publisher New Time in Saigon, 1967, described the formation freethinker existentialism is originated from Kant to knowledge predecessor In the book "History of Russian literature", (coauthor Nguyen Kim Dinh, Do Hong Chung, Nguyen Hai Ha, Hoang Ngoc Hien, Nguyen Truong Lich, Huy Lien), (Publisher of Education, 2006) has an article on Dostoievski of Nguyen Kim Dinh Author Nguyen Kim Dinh points out that Dostoievski's ideological influence predecessors In the research works on the premise of thought for the formation sipritual liberal thuoghts of Dostoievski, The book "Worldview of Dostoevsky" (Publisher of Knowledge, 2017), of Berdyaev's works with the most meaning than when evaluating the legacy of Dostoievski thought from orthodox Russia The study recognized landmark in spiritual liberal thought of Dostoievski, from hope for political freedom Dostoievski as freedom associated with religious faith 1.1.3 The study subjective factors affecting the formation of Dostoievski’s spiritual liberal thoughts - Documents in foreign: The writings "Worldview Dostoevsky" by Berdyaev published in 1923 in Russia and the new first published in Vietnamese in Vietnam (Publishing House of knowledge, 2017) pointed out a few things about the differences of personality Dostoievski, his illness, kindness and custom adventure influence to the formation of spiritual liberal thoughts of him Leonid Grossman's book titled: "Dotxtoiepxki-The life and career”, (Culture Publishing House, 2007) have pointed out the pressure his family environment to make up personality Dostoievski - taciturn boy and shy Can point name as the article: "Dostoievski and the fate of Russia" of Volgin [97, pp.62-68], the article suggests subjective factor for the formation of Dostoievski thought Basically, some article excerpted from the book: "Dostoievski - approaches from many sides" are the works shown in ideological movement of Dostoievski - The study of this issue in Vietnam Posts "Dostoievski- career and legacy" of Pham Vinh Cu, (Journal of Foreign Literature, No 6, 2001) presents an overview of the factors affecting the formation of Dostoievski thought 1.2 The study content of spiritual liberal thought of Dostoievski - The research on the issue of freedom, spiritual freedom: Among the many works discusses freedom, remarkable works of John Stuart Mill, Ludwig von Mises, Berlin focused study of traditional liberalism - The study of Dostoievski views on freedom of spirit: + The documents typical in foriegn: The first research and highlight on this issue is the article: "Three speeches commemorating Dostoievski" of Vladiamir Soloviev, (Publishing House of Knowledge, 2011, Pham Vinh Cu Translation, The book "Composed of Dostoievski- approaches from many sides", (Center for social sciences and humanities national Institute for social science information, 1998) indicate the direction chosen the road to freedom Dostoievski trend spiritual freedom through psychological dichotomy, polarities of the human personality + The typical documents in Vietnam: In the book "History of Russian literature" (coauthored Do Hong Chung, Nguyen Kim Dinh, Nguyen Hai Ha, Hoang Ngoc Hien, Nguyen Truong Lich, Huy Lien), (Education Publishing House, 2006), with an introduction to F.M.Dostoievski by author Nguyen Kim Dinh In "The Philosophy Western modernity through some representative works" (Publishing House of Social Sciences, 2014), author of Do Minh Hop and Vu Manh Toan pointed out that criticism of collective human, determining the difference between the freedom spirit of individual existential with human mass The article of Pham Vinh Cu "Dostoievski- career and legacy" (Journal of Foreign Literature, No 6, 2001) indicate the essence of spiritual freedom is human nature, Dostoievski loves personal and self by individuals but strongly condemned individualism Posts by Mai Thi Hanh Le (introduced) have pointed to the nature of spiritual freedom 1.3 The study on the value spritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski - The typical documents in foreign: The book "Composed of Dostoievski- approaches from many sides" (introduced) includes many typical article of Russia author and in the world have pointed out the significance liberal thought of Dostoievski as: humanities, evoke creativity and flawless harmony of man Typical research of Soloviev called "Super of love" to find value in the spiritual liberal thought of Dostoievski in the differences of the formation, Social Construction Works "philosophy of freedom" of N.Berdyaev, (introduced) evaluated the thought of Dostoievski "have important meaningful because it poses a harshly problem, spiritual purpose of history, problems of Eastern and Western, issues examined secularist peoples, ie issues of apocalypse "[4, p.284] In the book "Worldview of Dostoevsky" (Knowledge Publishing House, 2017), Nicolas Berdyaev clarified to the value of reflect social existence Russia and the meaning humanities in the works of Dostoievski N.Berdyaev pointed out that, thinking of Dostoievski not reflected on the face of the policy of the Russian serfs, the Russian social structure but also outlined ideas realistic combat that [5, p.29] -The typical documents in the country: backwardness of feudal ideology How long are these contradictions accumulate, pushed up into hundreds of upheaval 2.1.2 Demand for new values of the Russian people affect the formation of spiritual liberal thoughts of F.M.Dostoievski Since the 80s of the nineteenth century, many struggle movements of the Russian people, especially the workers' movement, strong resurgence In this context, the value of the people concerned, especially the Russian intelligentsia changed Many gaps human spirit can not be satisfied, so the more they thirst for freedom, the awareness of their own values, thirst for creativity and discovery 2.1.3 Development trends of Russian literature of the nineteenth century influenced the formation of spiritual liberal thuoghts F.M.Dostoievski In the XIX century with the context of reality social that writers go into searching suffering really in human people, including the suffering of all the classes, but which policies of Tsar impose binding, inhibit radical ideologies Therefore, the pen of Dostoievski learn suffering by mental slavery, desired resistance to what are the rules, imposing and hampering the development of the Russian people, the Russian nation 2.2 These theoretical factors affect to formed the spiritual liberal thoughts of F.M.Dostoievski 2.2.1 Utopian socialism influenced the formation of spiritual liberal thoughts of F.M.Dostoievski 2.2.1.1 Generalization utopian socialism Socialism utopian doctrine seeks to build a social model of the ideal, flawless based on faith born in the late eighteenth century Thinkers typical British, French as R.Owen, Campanenla, Saint Simon, Fuorier Basically, the socialist utopia deeply critical of capitalist society, consciously protect the interests of the working class, it has a large effect to the idea of workers in many countries Western capitalism 2.2.1.2 The influence of socialist utopia to spiritual liberal thoughts of F.M.Dostoievski 11 Thought of Dostoievski initially influenced from socialist utopia in which direct influence from Fuorier to form Dostoievski thought about freedom, especially liberals citizens 2.2.2 The influence of Christianity for the formation of spiritual liberal thought of F.M.Dostoievski 2.2.2.1 The role of Christianity for F.M.Dostoievski Traditional Christian family is an important factor influencing the formation of liberal ideas of Dostoievski follow Christianity Furious Love with Jesus Kito raises in him much hope, as burning more lofty ambition for flawless world The belief in God so loved the idea of spiritual freedom of Dostoievski reveal the influence of the teachings Kito 2.2.2.2 The influence of Christianity in the work of Dostoievski In the literary works of Dostoievski has many points of departure from Kito to freedom Image of God, the Devil in the Bible appears several times in the works of Dostoievski So many legendary area Bible is also the expression of his ideological premise 2.2.2.3 The role of Christianity for the formation the spiritual liberal thought of F.M.Dostoievski Dostoievski realize that only new religions convey lofty arguments of society Truth is the way to God, which is also the way to achieve freedom Dostoievski said that the ethics of human cloning associated with what the faith, for God 2.2.3 The influence of the liberal ideas of Western philosophy in the seventeenth century to the formation of spiritual liberal ideas of Dostoievski 2.2.3.1 Some liberal ideas in Western philosophy in the XVII, XVIII centuries The notion of the French Enlightenment, Britain mainly follow traditional liberal Particularly in Germany, Kant, Feuerbach, Hegel interested in spiritual freedom By the desire to learn and their creativity, Dostoievski has inherited a dialectical way of thinking about freedom above 12 2.2.3.2 The acquisition, successor of Dostoievski for Western philosophical thought in the seventeenth century, in the eighteenth about freedom Dostoievski reception at Voltaire (1694-1778), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), Kant (1724-1804 ) on freedom Dostoievski learned from philosophers English, French, German in the seventeenth, eighteenth century, together with practical experience he showed the relationship between the values of society, especially the construction of free association with religion 2.3 Subjective factors affecting the formation of spiritual liberal thoughts of F.M.Dostoievski 2.3.1 F.M.Dostoievski family circumstances affect the formation his spiritual liberal thought 2.3.1.1 Family circumstances has affected the liberal ideas of F.M.Dostoievski Fiodor Dostoievski Mikhailovich was born November 11, 1821, died on February 1881 The family had a major influence on the life and worldview of Dostoievski His family life became opposite sides of miniature society: the oppression and the desire for freedom, the acceptance and protest, happiness and suffering 2.3.1.2 The lives of neighbors affecting the liberal thoughts of F.M Dostoievski The scenery where he lived was just cramped and sad, monotonous This further caused him to appear moody, bored and have bouts of mental shocks that erupted He has plenty of time to contemplate, to live and have spiritual freedom, to think about the lifetimes Dostoievski's concerns from the baby have a slight influence on his personality formation 2.3.1.3 F.M Dostoievski is a person of sentimental, thinking about life, thirst for freedom Dostoievski was born in a unhappy family, with a sense of diversity, which he saddened about his circumstances Dostoievski always appears to be a distinct person, only communicating with a handful of people 13 2.3.2 Mental illness profound influence to the formation of the ideological content of spiritual of lliberal F.M.Dostoievski Disease pressure epilepsy are large complexes to writers themselves and society This is a condition for Dostoievski worldview disclosed in a series of works to order their repayment He was tormented by the imperfections of man, longing to find out the origin of sin and super reasonable evil Conclusion of chapter The formation of liberal ideas the spirit of Dostoievski by objective conditions (economic-social conditions, family circumstances, the premise reasoning from utopian socialism and Christianity Economic – society conditions is a necessary condition to forming his ideas, while Christianity and subjective factor is a sufficient condition for the idea of spiritual freedom of Dostoievski disclosed, rich, distinct, with the movement independent spirit than Russian society in general Chapter SOME OF MAJOR CONTENT IN THE SPIRITUAL LIBERAL THOUGHTS OF DOSTOIEVSKI 3.1 Conception of the spiritual freedom of F.M Dostoievski 3.1.1 Some notions of freedom, spiritual freedom in the history of philosophy -Conception of freedom Firstly: spiritual freedom is the freedom of the mind, freedom of choice, tied to desire, desire to cross the boundary line, people are contemplated, tied with abundant inner life, many experiences Secondly: Freedom of spirit is to be free to create new values 3.1.2 The concept of F.M.Dostoievski of freedom, spiritual freedom - The notion of Dostoievski of freedom 14 According Dostoievski, free (or liberalism) is aware of the order itself does exist and awareness to ourselves It requires responsibility Freedom is the most valuable in the table of human values - The concept of the free spirit Dostoievski Freedom spirit is freedom of thought, freedom of emotions, will, freedom of choice of subjects to be themselves towards finding value Spiritual freedom is not only the self-awareness to the spiritual level of the individual, but also the awareness back to the spiritual values of the nation, spiritual freedom of the people, it can be associated with habits familiar, identity, creed, religion Achieve universal spiritual freedom is the conscience of mankind 3.2 Spiritual freedom is the human desire to be themselves 3.2.1 Subject existential self-awareness of him Existential subjects are mostly intellectuals, he is crazy for bondage in the familiar work boring, freedom is the highest value in the table Freedom is the most precious, most important, the most inhuman people 3.2.2 Human desire to be themselves Spiritual freedom basically has two notions Either way this concept is actually contradictory opposites It is the nature of the inner man in the selection process People are always in conflict with themselves It is the nature of a society always existed sides; good- bad, new - old It is also the nature of development: development always accept contradiction and struggle 3.3 Freedom of spirit that can compound containing the "torn" between the inner elements In view of Dostoievski, free spirits in the spirit world of humans include the following elements: desire, reason, belief, torment and responsibility Torn is revealing of existential crisis The spiritual needs imbalances, inconsistencies, it will be a crisis To avoid existential crisis, Dostoievski define "responsible" is the need to have in contemporary society He is sending notion that, thanks to the spiritual salvation of the Lord, people will revive the spirit 15 3.4 The choice of the values of the existential subject to achieve spiritual freedom The choice of the value reflected in the 2nd conception of freedom than- crystal controlled freedom In selecting the 2nd, Dostoievski pay attention to the spirit with the spirit of personal scope Therefore, the spirit of personal freedom is also going through a crisis due to conflict with the spirit of the current society Table values include goodness and beauty will have to accept the pain when it's evil criminal The choice of these results it is still spontaneous, lonely, painful 3.5 F.M.Dostoievski thoughts about the way to achieve spiritual freedom 3.5.1 To achieve spiritual freedom, the existential individual must accept loneliness and crises In the course of his own awareness, existential subject to accepting loneliness, crises Dostoievski said that loneliness is absolute He realized the greatness of loneliness, for that alone is the sentiment of the outstanding existed, and human society will not know what loneliness is 3.5.2 Subject can tame him and have faith in God According to Dostoievski, state of spiritual freedom is not rebellion, but it was the overpowering of man before the rebellion, the empathy of children who before the absurdity In particular, the subject existential done tame from evil, from the existing order, rational lifestyle and the old Conclusion of chapter Dostoievski indicate trends freedom of choice of subjects in society will search for value, there accept contradictions, torn Spiritual freedom for personal or spiritual freedom for the Russian nation were against slavery, oppression spirit 16 Chapter VALUE OF SPIRITUAL FREEDOM THOUGHT OF F.M.DOSTOIEVSKI 4.1 The spiritual liberal thoughts of F.M Dostoievski contributes to the development of liberal awareness 4.1.1 F.M Dostoievski contributes to ideological position and scope of spiritual freedom Dostoievski contributes to the development of the concept of freedom If traditional philosophy, especially the philosophy of the era before him, is only interested in human abstract, generic people, the thought of Dostoievski deeply concerned the spiritual life of man 4.1.2 F.M.Dostoievski contributions cognitive path to reach spiritual freedom Every social model design will fail, and the experiment will lead to an infringement more personality To educate people, the first must beings understand human, need to have the distinction in education, to individuals, special personality to acquire good education process there 4.2 Liberal thoughts of the spiritual F.M Dostoievski contributes to the development of Russian society through selected value 4.2.1 Liberal thoughts of the spiritual F.M.Dostoievski identify pressing issues of Russian society in the nineteenth century Dostoievski interested in existentialism individuals, to the abundant life through self-reflection In his works, Dostoievski wants to unload the rules, institutions, contrary to the normal human values Conscience of Russian intellectuals become more complex, mixed faith and reason, irrational and neo-rationalism, speculative and experimental 17 4.2.2 Liberal thoughts of the spiritual F.M.Dostoievski selected value for Russian society in the nineteenth century - Denying the order of Russian society contemporaries - Disapproval of Western cult ideology, atheistic thought - Critical situation slavery oppression spirit, praising the freedom of human 4.3 Liberal thoughts of the spiritual F.M Dostoievski contributes to the development art 4.3.1 F.M.Dostoievski oriented creativity in literary Creation of Dostoievski is the common creation, creativity itself, especially including artistic creation Spiritual freedom is always connected with the aim of reaching truth, goodness and beauty, so it is opposed to the freedom gained from the struggle and death 4.3.2 Liberal thoughts of the spiritual F.M.Dostoievski oriented philosophical thought in literary career Dostoievski warned that humans gradually lose our individuality, forgetting the rich spiritual life of themselve as busy chasing the material measure He assessed the irrational expansion of approach scientific objectively as coldly intellectual and lifeless, does not recognize what divine Dostoievski has affinities with Confucianism, Buddhism in the East of the social order by moral, especially using the positive side of Christianity to build a common religious spirit of humanity 4.3.3 F.M.Dostoievski edification ideological existential Russian art The opening role of Dostoievski for line of thought existential Russia shown in some points: Firstly: On the ontology in the thought of Dostoievski he launched ones are present (exist) but also live true to its own identity, Dostoievski seeking spiritual freedom of man, to find out the particular inside Secondly: Regarding epistemology: Dostoievski aware again of the absurd 18 Thirdly: On the socio-political thinking of Dostoievski have meaningful way for Russian existentialist philosophy and assimilated into the philosophy of the twentieth century 4.4 Some limitations of spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski Philosophy of spiritual freedom Dostoievki besides the positive contribution also has drawbacks: it is metaphysical, conservative idealist not avoid Philosophy of spiritual freedom of Dostoievski fall into metaphysical when discussing the human as an individual existential rather than social responsibility, therefore, philosophical anthropology of him sometimes vicious, complex, contradictory to together and spontaneous Conclusion of Chapter Liberal ideas of Dostoievski additional spritual conception of human freedom, which pointed out the location and scope of the freedom of the spirit and the way to achieve spiritual freedom Thought of Dostoievski reflect and interpret the Russian social reality, contradictory mood of the Russian people, especially the Russian intelligentsia orientation for people in selecting a life value Dostoievski compare, choose the elements of human worth £ Russia, as well as of the Russian people, oriented to the promotion of spiritual values of mankind in general CONCLUSION Philosophy in the XXI century humanity has step strong In terms of form, many branches of philosophy have formed and developed, in terms of content have far-reaching impact on epistemology and ontology However, the study of the thought of Dostoievski with philosophical angle still significant certain current Research spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski and its value is both an arduous and 19 complexity of research students in the initial approach scientific issues In the course of this study, there are some conclusions: Firstly: The objective conditions and subjective factors have affected the formation of his philosophy of freedom, which, thought of Dostoievski affected by socio-economic Russia conditions of the nineteenth century, influenced the movement seeking new paths for the nation and the spirit of Christianity However, the subjective factor are of decisive significance to the birth of spiritual liberal thoughts, to the thoughts of Dostoieski about the spirit of human does not like the thought of the Russian writers of contemporary, well copying non-liberal ideas of Western existentialism The entire fate of Dostoievski like a novel; whole fate and the mood of the characters of Dostoievski is also reproduced from life, fate and sinking, soul of kindness, longing for authentic freedom, but the face of adversity have to struggle spiritual with responsibility, with the temptation, and a series of normative society Especially, the life of a prisoner who escaped the death penalty, freedom from exile, was freed, knighted nobility, but in fact the government is always monitoring the movements suspiciously Desire freedom more motivated Dostoievski, shoulder such responsibilities of a nobleman no perks, hundreds of things pressing debt, disease, causing him a headache with human values In particular, the maximum value is freedom The details of the subjective factor compelled Dostoievski gradually develop and perfect spiritual concept of freedom His life has proven that physical damage can not be compared to mental injury; the existing range can not go beyond the scope of conscience Therefore he special pay attention to the spiritual life of man Secondly: The fundamental liberal ideas in the spirit of Dostoievski is worth being a human, especially the life of the human spirit Free-spirited opposition to slavery spirit Dostoievski indicate mental slavery manifested in human crowds, the collective man, did not 20 dare to live with politics, with his choice; people familiar with prejudice, not dare to change the old order; human choice but the choice of selfishness, falsehood, cruelty For Dostoievski, spiritual freedom is to be aware of yourself; which always has two sides light and dark, good and evil, resources and attention; between positive liberty and negative liberty; selected the good values in the selection process which always exist contradictions, torn up the testing of the absolute value table is not possible; free spirit consistent with the creation of innovative new things nice In particular, freedom of spirit can be when brought freedom for individuals, for society spiritual freedom is to build God in mind, eliminating individualism Spiritual freedom is freedom before God, freedom of belief and the beauty, the grandeur, and acceptance of imperfection Spiritual freedom is the desire of the righteous, selfconscious, but the way to achieve spiritual freedom is extremely difficult, requiring the internal struggle, the struggle between reason and emotion, between finance and the mind, between the old and the new, between the normal prejudices and creativity, between ego and the crowd Obviously, only achieve spiritual freedom as individuals themselves existential enough internal resources to overcome temptations unworthy, eliminate physical, selfishness to good direction While giving their point of spiritual freedom, Dostoievski had many metaphors to give a notion By the development of cognitive practice, his work shows that changes in the concept of freedom of his spirit, which, he pointed out two kinds of notions of freedom, the choice of self oriented search by right values, the inner torn and through the spirit of God to achieve spiritual freedom In ways this concept, inheritance and development Dostoievski Christianity very clearly, because spiritual freedom has just passed under Kito but common understanding of Christ, which is a combination Deity - Human, see Factors Persons in God 21 Thirdly: In terms of value, the spirit of free thought has left much of the value in terms of history, philosophy, literature, art and culture in general Spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski reflects the socioeconomic conditions Russia of the nineteenth century, expanding the concept of freedom than traditional philosophical thought at the time and the scope it appears Russian economy grows, the more lead to the conquest of power groups, the private property of the slave mentality of Russian society increasingly becomes the basis to promote the need for freedom of human spirit The contradictions in the selection of the value of individual existence is also the contradictions of Russia, including conflict of production relations between relational old production represents feudal society with the relations of production new representative of the germ, of capitalism, conflicts between classes in Russian society (as represented by the conflict between peasants and landowners), inconsistencies in the selection of the path of the West or remain Russian identity Therefore, freedom of individual spiritual existence is the problem just taking time is both a rule, long-term Reach spiritual freedom can not be purely political path or economic freedom associated with the cultural spirit of the Russian people This idea has built humanistic worldview Spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski contribute to social progress Russia on the basis of value choice He hypothesis of a humane choice for man and society, which is selected by the new value, to express themselves, are seeking new ones However, there is also a crisis of ideology in general Russian intelligentsia that era Philosophical worldview of Dostoievski meaningful humanities, reflecting authentic Russian intellectual stance, fluctuations, wondering during the enlightenment Thought spiritual freedom has brought sustainable truths, said that freedom of spirit needs to reflect a higher level of physical freedom, civil liberties Dostoievski constantly urge 22 people towards good, good things His spiritual liberal thought mean indicates that the nineteenth century the Russian people can be deprived many rights legally, physically, but there are powers of conscience Therefore, it should have the conscience to awaken the soul and personality distorted slaves The search conscience can not only willpower, can not reason, it should have come with religion Russian spirit full of contradictions, it reveals the contradictions in cultural creativity Thought about freedom of Dostoievski marked crisis existential, it is the desire to start over new values noble, it belongs to freedom, but the ability of people to hard to reach because of grip Spiritual freedom thought meant declared war on the current value exists, that beauty always follow the trend of the campaign, go to the new one, not accept the immutable Therefore, the process of implementation of the beauty in the different periods of history that parallels the contradiction, negation new values to existing values Thought spiritual freedom meant liberation prejudices about people, creating a picture of the man more vivid, richer, but also more humane Spiritual freedom thought of Dostoievski also oriented value creation in general, including innovative learning culture, history, creativity to additional categories in the aesthetics of literature, creative progress in philosophy Thought spiritual freedom of Dostoievski presented in the novel, so it shows the stature of Dostoievski the values summarized in the novel the presentation highlights the psychological happenings, manipulate images literary and art to express the problems of human survival So this idea paved the way for existential thought Russian art Through the presentation of the idea of spiritual freedom, Dostoievski devoted to humanity analyzes an ingenious movements of human psychology, the analysis was close to the psychology and psychoanalysis At the same time, as a writer, he has devoted to 23 humanity works to build humanistic ideology for people, for human society Overall, Dostoievski thoughts expressed in his works brought worldview, worldview distinct philosophy Look at the premise, conditions for formation and spiritual freedom of thought content spiritual freedom is the task of the researchers, scholars around the world The values of the spirit of free thought forever in the minds of mankind, have certain significance for philosophical thought, aesthetics, ethics, human culture Dostoievski was a writer, but his literary thought contained profound philosophies The spiritual liberal thoughts of Dostoievski have extensive coverage, it is a generalization of an essential reality, and the world's essence, the nature of society and human nature Dostoievski's liberal ideological thoughts have reflected the society that has just contained the right political forecasts, pointing out the direction for a future society In the course of the study of this issue, new research approaches to science have been discontinued in a narrow range compared to Dostoievski's enormous size This work is a suggestion to appear more assumptions, research on Dostoievski more complete in the research world in Vietnam in particular and the world in general 24 LIST OF WORKS ARTICLES PUBLISHED NAME OF ARTICLE "F.M Dostoievski's perspective on Spiritual freedom", Vietnam Social Sciences journal, No 8/2015, p 113-119 "Humanities values in the philosophy of spiritual freedom of F.M Dostoevsky"-Journal of Philosophy, No 4/2018, p 82-88 "Value in the thought of F.M Dostoevsky" – Vietnam Social Sciences journal, No 6/2018, p 92-97 ... Dostoievski 3.1.1 Some notions of freedom, spiritual freedom in the history of philosophy -Conception of freedom Firstly: spiritual freedom is the freedom of the mind, freedom of choice, tied to... table of human values - The concept of the free spirit Dostoievski Freedom spirit is freedom of thought, freedom of emotions, will, freedom of choice of subjects to be themselves towards finding... lifetimes Dostoievski' s concerns from the baby have a slight influence on his personality formation 2.3.1.3 F. M Dostoievski is a person of sentimental, thinking about life, thirst for freedom Dostoievski
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