Cấu trúc không gian ven đô các thành phố vùng bắc trung bộ theo hướng đô thị sinh thái, áp dụng cho thành phố vinh tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PHAM HONG SON PERI-URBAN SPACE STRUCTURE OF CITIES IN NORTH CENTRAL VIETNAM TOWARDS ECOLOGICAL URBAN Major: Regional and urban planning Code: 9580105 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HANOI - 2019 This dissertation was completed in: The National University of Civil Engineering Supervisor 1: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Van Dinh Supervisor 2: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Nguyen Quoc Thong Reviewer 2: Dr Le Thi Bich Thuan Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Luong Tu Quyen The dissertation will be defended at the National University of Civil Engineering At date month 2019 Full-text of dissertation can be found at the Library of the National University of Civil Engineering and the National Library of Vietnam LIST OF RESEARCH PAPERS RELATED Pham Hong Son (2015), Approaching and developing Vinh city in the direction of ecological urban, Vietnam journal of urbanism, No 21ISSN 1859-3658 Pham Hong Son, Nguyen Thi Kieu Vinh (2016), Agricultural urban, sustainable development direction for cities in the North Central region, Vietnam journal of urbanism, No 25- ISSN 1859-3658 Pham Hong Son (2017), Identification of natural ecological factors affecting urban space of cities in the North Central region, Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference - Sustainable Architecture and Construction Development in the current, Vinh University, ISBN 978604-923-304-3 INTRODUCTION The necessity of the thesis The urbanization process is taking place at a rapid pace throughout the world, with the cities of the North Central region being urbanized and expanding Most of the peri-urban expansion in these cities are natural ecological zones, agricultural areas and rural areas that are affected to urbanization The conversion of land use to change and reduce natural ecosystems is the main cause of climate change, natural disasters, and ecological imbalances The cities of the North Central located in Central coastal is affected by the storm, saline intrusion, especially influenced by hot and dry wind Therefore, the study suggested the peri-urban space structure of the city the North Central towards of urban ecology is the necessary direction to meet the requirements of urban expansion, urban development durable and in accordance with the conditions the nature of this region Purpose of the study Proposed peri-urban space structure in the North-Central City of contributing to the development of the city in the direction of eco-urban, suitable for natural conditions, social conditions characteristic of the region Subjects and scope of research Research subjects: Research on the peri-urban space structure of North Central cities in the direction of urban ecology Research scope: + Space: Including peri-urban space including three cities in North Central Vietnam: Thanh Hoa City, Vinh City, Ha Tinh City (Thanh Nghe Tinh Area) + In terms of time: consistent with the orientation of general development planning for cities in the North Central region by 2030 with a vision of 2050 + Scope of application: applied for Vinh city Research Methodology In the thesis, the author uses the following methods: Methods of morphological analysis; Methods of investigation and fieldwork; Methods of analysis and evaluation; Professional solution; Forecast method; Interpolation, logic method New contributions of the thesis (1) The thesis proposes perspectives and principles (2) Proposing that the general model of the spatial structure of the peri-urban area develops in the direction of North - South and East West, and balances with the central area in the overall urban space structure To ensure the linkage and raise the efficiency of natural ecological value in the peri-urban areas (3) Proposing a number of solutions to improve the efficiency of peri-urban space in the North Central region cities with sustainable development in the process of urbanization The structure of the periurban space is suitable for climate conditions, contributing to reducing heat for the city (4) Applying the structure space peri-urban of Vinh city in the direction of ecological urban The composition of the thesis - Pages: 150 - Chapters: 03 - Number of tables: 09 CONTENT Chapter 1: Overview of Peri-Urban Space Structure of Cities in North Central Vietnam towards Ecological Urban 1.1 Some concepts related to the topic + Natural ecosystem + Ecological structure + Urban ecology and ecological urban + Peri-urban space structure 1.2 Overview of peri-urban space structure, urban ecology 1.2.1 Overview of peri-urban space theory The peri-urban concept is a general, flexible concept associated with the urbanization process that redefines the boundaries of the city Peri-urban location is a component of the urban structure, defined as transitions or interactions between suburbs and rural areas * Concept "peri-urban" of cities in the North Central It was determined that the spaces surrounding the inner city, included the suburban communes and the external space expansion that influence the city that during the urban expansion 1.2.2 Overview of ecology urban theory * The concept of ecology urban originated in the 80s of the twentieth century by German scholars directly related to the responsibility for ecosystems and the environment in the process of urban development The first urban ecological concepts to be addressed include urban activities such as energy circles, water, waste, and emissions Richard Register, an urban design expert who initiated the first Ecocity City, founded the Department of Urban Ecology in Berkeley, California, in 1975 This is then realized and spread around the world marked by the Summit on Sustainable Urban Development, Climate Change - Views of eco-city of the world's organizations: World Health Assembly (WHO); "Eco-City" (Eco2city) of the World Bank (WB); International eco-city framework and standards (IEFS) - View of the eco-city of the countries in the world: Ecological urban in France; Urban Ecology Organization of Australia; European Union Ecological Urban Project (EU); The system of sustainable urban frameworks in Germany; Sustainable City Program in China 1.2.3 Practical Overview of peri-urban space structural in eco-city * The process of expanding the eco-city of Curitiba, Brazil creates a new spatial structure along the linear axes that reduce the population pressure, increases the density of green space, green space, minimizing central flooding The linear spatial axis increases the accessibility of public transport systems, reduces the distance traveled, and creates a compact space structure Figure 1.8: The linear space structure of the perimeter space * Space structure expand the ecological city of Freiburg, Germany: The peri-urban in the process of expanding the city of Freiburg, Germany increased the accessibility of the city to the natural forest surrounding the city Peri-urban forests contribute to green space, providing a wood material that contributes to clean energy production * Sino-Singapore Tianjin ecological urban area, China: The Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city project, located in the coastal suburbs of Tianjin, China, was designed to improve the salty soil into an ecological urban The "ecological cell" model is built to create the basis for ecological districts * Peri-urban space in Asian cities during the expansion: Sustainable cities, green cities in Asia such as Singapore or Seoul, South Korea also have their own approach to urban ecology The expansion of the peri-urban area has created opportunities for these cities to expand living space, increase the density of green space, bring the river into the city and increase access to hilly terrain in the periurban 1.3 Current situation of peri-urban space of cities in the North Central region 1.3.1 Overview of natural conditions in the cities of North Central * The North Central covers an area of 51,522 km2 including six provinces, of which the north from the Ngang Pass back to the three provinces of Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh and south from the Ngang Pass to the Hai Van Pass including Quang Binh, Quang Tri, and Thua Thien Hue province Characteristics of terrain are generally complex with more than 70% of the area being hilly The terrain is divided into three distinct strips: the hills in the west, the plain in the middle, the strip of coast, island and continental shelf in the east * Cities in the North Central Region are located in the eastern delta region, most of which are alluvial soil by rivers Due to the impact of the terrain, in the cities are generally characterized as sloping to the sea Natural ecosystems also change with the terrain; West of the city is often surrounded by low mountain ranges, remnant mountains, next to the delta and east is the tidal marsh, the sea 1.3.2 Current situation of peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city Determination of peri-urban space includes: - Inner peri-urban: include suburban communes located close to the inner city Basically, this is the rural area with the main component of agriculture and traditional craft villages However, in recent years the speed of urbanization in this area is happening rapidly - Outer Peri-urban: include suburban communes forming outer belts The inner peri-urban and outer peri-urban have an area of about 90 km2 with a population of over 150 thousand (2015) Periurban occupations agricultural with are mainly the rate of cultivation accounting for about I, II Iner city III Inner peri-urban IV Outer Peri-urban Figure 1.19: Peri-Urban area of 33%, animal husbandry accounting for about 55% and agricultural services Thanh Hoa city according to administrative - Expanding peri-urban areas: this is a region with a rich natural ecosystem, which affects a very important in determining the spatial structure of Thanh Hoa city 1.3.3 Current situation of peri-urban space in Vinh city The peri-urban space boundary is defined by three main areas: - The inner peri-urban include the suburban communes in the administrative area (within 105 km2) Components in the inner periurban space structure mainly include new urban areas intermingled with rural areas This area is strongly affected by the pace of development and the demand for expanding the city's residential land - Outer Peri-urban: periurban structure creates the second space belt around the city to the north Outside peri-urban areas with structures mainly consist of villages and rural areas The west is mainly agricultural rice, crops and eastern agricultural aquaculture - Expanding peri-urban areas: including hilly and I Inner Peri-urban; II Outer Peri-urban; III Expanding Peri-urban area Hình 1.26: Partitioning of peri-urban space (250km2 area) mountainous ecosystems, western fields and the Lam river downstream ecosystem in the East 1.3.4 Current situation of peri-urban space in Hà Tinh city Planning structure of Ha Tinh city according to the model "Focusing urban center", identify the central city, the dynamics of suburban and suburban development, combined with radial traffic network and belt 10 Agricultural ecology 2.2.3 Basis for linking natural ecosystems in urban areas - In nature, the ecological flows are defined according to a certain cycle, usually following the shifting factors to one side These moving lines have different levels of complexity - When the city has not much impact on nature, people are part of the natural ecosystem, exist and live but not break the natural ecosystem 2.2.4 Impact of urban development on natural ecosystems The original residential nature is a natural ecosystem and a human being is a factor in it When the city is formed, the natural ecosystem begins to change The process of urban development increasingly disrupts ecosystems leading to imbalance 2.2.5 Basis of ecological balance in urban spatial structure - The basis of ecological footprint theory - Natural biomass in eco-urban design 2.2.6 Urban heat reduction facility - Reduce urban heat by water surface system - Reduce heat for urban areas by green trees - Reduce heat by surface 2.3 Factor impacting the peri-urban space structure of cities in the North Central region 2.3.1 Characteristic Peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city * Topographic and natural ecology Characteristic of peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city in the form of a belt surrounding the inner city The inner periphery has an interwoven structure, including the points that make up the belt The western outer periphery extends to the mountain ecosystem, and the East tends to expand to the Northeast of the Ma River 11 - Western and Northwest mountain ecosystem including Ham Rong mountain, Doi mountain, Voi mountain, Rung Thong mountain, Nho mountain, Mat mountain and Long mountain to form a green belt corridor - Ecosystems of rivers, lakes, canals, and trees include mainly Ma River, canals scattered in the urban center * Socio-economic characteristics Rapid urban growth reduces agricultural land In the future, the proportion of labor in the economic sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery will not exceed 10% (currently about 30%) The ratio of agricultural land is high but the economic and environmental efficiency is not high, accounting for only 3-5% GDP of the region 2.3.2 Characteristic Peri-urban space in Vinh city * Topography and natural ecology The topography of Vinh urban area has many natural elements combined such as rivers, mountains, and river downstream areas and coastal areas Orienting the development of Vinh urban space to expand mainly to the northeast along the lower Lam river area to Cua Hoi and Cua Lo sea, forming multi-polar structure East of Lam river's road connecting from Quyet mountain area to Cua Hoi beach, Cua Lo is an estuarine area with diverse plant ecosystems In the Southeast is a water storage area, this is an area of natural ecological resources with air conditioning and clean water for the whole city In the West is the rural area, the field combines the canal system in combination with the mountain ecosystem * Economic and social characteristics Rural population accounts for more than 40% of the whole city Major industries focus on agriculture, forestry, and fishery; in which 12 agriculture accounted for 94%, forestry 1%, and fisheries accounted for 5% Although the ratio of agricultural and rural land accounts for more than 50%, GDP accounts for only 3% Economic efficiency is not high, leading to a disparity between urban and rural areas 2.3.3 Characteristic Peri-urban space in Ha Tinh city * Topographic and natural ecology Development orientation of Ha Tinh city to create a peri-urban space in the form of a belt around the city center Spatial characteristics include villages, agricultural areas, natural ecological zones, creating a spatial pattern intermingling urban elements with rural areas and natural areas * Socio-economic characteristics The current situation of the urban peri-urban population accounts for 30% of the total population of the city and peri-urban areas outside the population of more than 100 thousand people with a rate of 100% of the rural population The proportion of labor in the industry structure is relatively equal, in which the labor force in the agricultural, forestry and fishery sectors tends to decrease The proportion of GDP value for agriculture, forestry and fishery accounts for only about 5% 2.4 Characteristics of the peri-urban spatial structure of cities in the region of North Central region affecting ecological urban development direction 2.4.1 Morphological characteristics of peri-urban space The morphological characteristics of the peri-urban space are influenced by topographical characteristics, spatial components and connection characteristics between the peri-urban and the central areas Forms of urban spatial structure development in the form of belt or route, creating different spatial impacts in urban structure 13 Figure 2.36: Characteristics of the urban peri-urban structure extending to the West Characteristics of the peri-urban structure extending to the low mountains in the west to form the outer arc This regional spatial form includes many types of combinations The remnant mountain system forms points in Thanh Hoa city, forming a parallel sequence in the direction of Northwest - Southeast in Vinh city or low slopes in Ha Tinh city Hình 2.37: Characteristics of coastal area structure extending to the East River ecosystems with the characteristics of flow direction and displacement flows combined with coastal areas create the structure of the peri-urban space extending east This direction of movement and connection creates urban space on both sides of the river like Thanh Hoa city, along the river like Vinh city 2.4.2 Characteristics of "ecological cell" structure in village space 14 The village of peri-urban villages has a structure to ensure ecological factors including rural areas combined with fields and natural ecosystems in accordance with topographical characteristics Although the village space in the peri-urban area is still limited, it is characterized by the traditional structure of the village in the periurban area as a basis for establishing models of "ecological cell" structure Establishing and restoring ecological links in urban areas 2.4.3 The impact of peri-urban areas on urban development is ecological * Establish ecological zones in urban areas For cities in the North Central region, inner peri-urban areas and outer periphery create space for villages, agriculture and urban centers along the outskirts; Peri-urban areas expand to create natural ecosystems that create a spatial structure towards ecological cities Figure 2.41: Setting up diverse spatial zones in urban areas * Impact on suburban agricultural areas Agricultural ecology in peri-urban areas increases water surface and trees density, contributing to supplementing the criteria of biobiological - biophysics, contributing to increasing the ability to serve in the closed scope of circulation, reduce the impact of outside city 15 * Impact of cultural and traditional values Rural areas with traditional industries can preserve to develop a green economy, in accordance with the structure and qualification of labor in suburban areas Traditional industries such as knitting, handicrafts; aquaculture, capture fisheries, grow vegetables, crops 2.4.4 Ecological connection characteristics and urban movement trends * Nature of ecological connection in the region The forming factor creates typical flows of the North Central region according to the slope and flows direction of the rivers This shifting factor constitutes a link between ecological regions This ecological flow strongly affects cities in the North Central region, especially river ecosystems passing through the city and the river downstream ecosystem and coastal areas * Ecological connectivity of urban scope Figure 2.44: Ecological connection from West to East The spatial structure of the peri-urban area basically retains the inherently sustainable ecosystem It is a continuous transition according to the terrain slope and flows from the western mountains to the East Sea lagoon It is the continuous ecological connection that will create a 16 balance in natural development, connecting ecological regions * Trends in urban movement and development For multi-polar urban, peri-urban areas have interference and affect centers within urban areas For Vinh city, the ability to connect with Cua Lo urban center activate to develop the urban motivation to the East Thanh Hoa city and Sam Son town in the future may become an axis of urban connection development 2.5 Adverse factors affect the structure of peri-urban space 2.5.1 Impact of separation by the transport system and urban infrastructure The process of urban development has caused many impacts on the natural ecosystem of peri-urban areas The system of transport infrastructure and building in the city caused dissecting the natural ecological connection 2.5.2 Impact of climate change * Impact of climate change and sea water flood * Impact on coastal and downstream rivers in peri-urban areas Coastal areas are at high risk of salinity, according to the impact of climate change on some coastal activities in Nghe An and Ha Tinh * Impact of southwest hot wind 2.6 Conclusion of chapter Summary of experience about the role of peri-urban areas to contribute to the direction of ecological urban development of countries in the world is a practical basis to apply the establishment of peri-urban space structure of cities in the North Central region in the direction of ecological urban areas, suitable to the natural, ecological, socioeconomic conditions of this region: - Peri-urban space structure must be established based on the balance with the city center in terms of ecology and urban development 17 - Characteristics of natural elements including components such as mountains, forests, rivers, and sea will contribute greatly to shaping the urban morphology, in accordance with natural morphology, increasing connectivity in accordance with ecological urban development direction - Peri-urban areas impact on the economy in terms of economy and society in the process of developing in a positive direction in terms of population and employment - The values of village planning, traditional housing architecture are considered ecological models that contribute to improving traditional values and identity for urban areas Ecological factors in periurban areas include green trees and water surfaces that have a role in reducing urban heat so much Chapter 3: Suggesting the peri-urban space structure of cities in the North Central region towards ecological urban, applied to Vinh city 3.1 Principle view 3.1.1 Viewpoints Viewpoint 1: Setting the structure of peri-urban space in the direction of North-South, and East-West Viewpoint 2: Restore and improve the effectiveness of ecological links in peri-urban areas, suitable to the development direction of the city Viewpoint 3: Development of peri-urban villages in the direction of ecological urbanism, in the process of urbanization 3.1.2 Principle Principle 1: Development of urban space in the direction of North South in the form of line-point with open space for ecological connection Principle 2: Restoration and ecological connection in the East-West direction 18 Principle 3: Connecting the peri-urban space in accordance with the structure and direction of urban movement Principle 4: Developing the model of "eco-cells" in traditional villages in peri-urban areas Principle 6: Developing the "green economy" in peri-urban areas Principle 7: Effectively promote internal resources in peri-urban areas and reduce impacts outside urban areas Principle 8: Minimize reduction of adverse impacts by the environment and climate Figure 3.4: Basis for connecting East - West and South - North spaces 3.2 Suggesting a model of the peri-urban spatial structure of cities in the North Central region towards ecological urban 3.2.1 General spatial structure model The structural model is based on the principle of balancing the North-South urban development axis and the East-West ecological connection axis This is the basis for balancing economic development axis and development axis connecting ecological space in urban areas * Partitioning space in the direction of North - South: The spatial structure in the North - South direction is divided into areas According to this axis zoning includes urban development axis, village spatial structure axis and natural ecosystem axis in the western mountains and coastal lagoon, the East Sea Zone 1: including the line-point the central urban point along the 19 North-South traffic axis Region 2,3: the natural ecological area of the coastal lagoon, the sea and the low mountainous areas of natural ecosystems * Space zoning in the East - West direction: The East-West spatial structure is divided into the central regions and the ecoregions following the natural spatial structure from the western mountains to the East Sea Region A: The transition zone passes through the present and coastal city center with a high rate of urbanization Regions B and C: transition areas forming new urban centers with grade-III-V urban centers and suburban areas with lower urbanization rates Figure 3.5: Model of general spatial structure Connection space: Located in the middle of urban centers Space connecting from the West to the East needs to ensure continuous ecological connectivity Ecological spatial areas include natural elements from hills, forests, canals, fields to lagoons, seas or traditional rural and village ecological spaces 20 3.1.2 Urban space structure along North - South axis The urban spatial structure defines the principle of urban expansion in the form of the chain - point to ensure the scale of urban development is associated with economic development Urban center points include the current city and peri-urban centers (some centers may be formed in the future) This development principle creates empty spaces (ecological spaces) between urban centers to ensure the East-West ecological coherence at these locations 3.2.3 The structure of peri-urban space in the East and West The spatial structure of development in the East and West changes due to the trend of urban development and ecological flow to the East The development trend and speed of urbanization to the east is higher because of the attraction of the central urban centers Meanwhile, the West has formed an ecological belt formed by a low mountain system, which forms a belt that limits urban development 3.2.4 Development of peri-urban space according to the model of "ecological cells" * Principles of building an "eco-cell" model Using "eco-cell" space planning with dimensions of 400x400 to 600x600m These "eco-cells" are converted over time and the pace of urbanization in stages, still keeping the structure in a sustainable way * Developing traditional village space according to the model of "ecological cells" From traditional village space, developed into "eco-cells" based on the characteristics of village clusters, lineages and trade villages with the scale equivalent to those of residential units Setting up community space, serving the function of living and exchanging for residential clusters Increasing green tree density around "ecological cells"; converting a part of agricultural land into connecting space, greenery, ecological space, high-tech agriculture 3.2.5 Restoring and strengthening ecological links in the East-West 21 direction * Increase ecological links in peri-urban areas The western ecoregions need to strengthen the linkage from hilly ecological areas to ecological fields, villages, and wetlands Eastern ecological links include village space, lagoon system, and sea Ecosystems include coastal greenery, ecological ponds, and lakes for aquaculture Village spaces incorporate inner-city "eco-cell" and external periphery models to create ecological connections 3.3 Some solutions to improve the efficiency of peri-urban space of North Central cities towards ecological urban 3.3.1 Solution for connecting infrastructure * Connect to expand the peri-urban space * Infrastructure connection 3.3.2 Developing internal resources and effectively exploiting periurban resources * Developing "green economy" * Effective use of soil and water resources 3.3.3 Solution of spatial structure suitable for climate conditions and urban heat reduction Figure 3.20: Peri-urban space structure affects urban heat reduction Reducing the heat for urban areas in North Central Vietnam 22 depends on the structure of the peri-urban areas mainly based on the factors of greenery, water surface, the ability to absorb surface heat by vegetation 3.4 Applying peri-urban space structure of Vinh city towards ecological urban 3.4.1 Summary of ecological spatial characteristics in peri-urban areas * Natural ecological zoning - Hill ecosystem, covering the West and Northwest; - Marine ecosystems; Ecology along Lam river in the southeast; - Ecology of Quyet mountain and the Southwest field; - The synthetic ecological core in the middle is a rural area * Determine the ecological connection space within the extended area - The area connecting ecological lowlands in the West and the North: including low mountain system scattered into the western ranges The northern mountainous region has a continuous connection to the sea - The area connecting the forest, river and sea ecology in the southeast: characterized by the Lam river ecosystem The core space includes green trees, lakes, agricultural and rural areas * Determine the ecological connection space in peri-urban The nature of connecting peri-urban ecological space is divided into areas from the inner periphery to the outer periphery and the extended periphery 3.4.2 Evaluate the impact of peri-urban areas during the expansion process * Trends in urbanization and alignment of urban centers Vinh urban is expanded with a multipolar structure, which is an important polarity between Vinh city and Cua Lo town It is this that makes the direction of urban development tend to shift to the East 23 * Impact of peri-urban space 3.4.3 Space development orientation * Orientation of urban space development in the direction of North - South Urban elements are established on the basis of Vinh city center and small urban centers along the National Highway 1A with relatively high density extending from Nam Cam area to Vinh city * Proposing a chain of urban space - points along the North - South axis * Orientation of space development in the direction of East - West 3.4.4 Solutions of peri-urban space structure in the direction of ecological urban * Urban infrastructure structure * Transforming the structure of the village space according to the model of "ecological cells" 3.4.5 Evaluate the effectiveness of the peri-urban space structure in the direction of Ecological Urban * Socially effective * Ecologically efficient * Effective heat reduction for cities CONCLUDE In the framework of the thesis, the author has based on the studies on ecological urban countries in the world, the points of the scientists, combined analysis and assessment of the status of planning and ecology Naturally, cities in the North Central region to find a suitable path to the conditions and circumstances of this region Ecological urban development direction is a sustainable direction and a common trend for future cities Although the North Central Region has many economic difficulties, in return, there are many positive factors such as diverse natural ecosystems, rich cultural identity, and areas with topography and different climate throughout the 24 country Therefore, the approach to developing the city in the direction of ecological urban, taking the peri-urban to balance is possible in the future The objective of the thesis is to propose the structure of periurban space in balance with the whole to aim at an ecological city With the analyzed characteristics, the thesis focuses on researching the following issues: 1) Establish the peri-urban spatial structure in the overall urban structure that balances urban development and available natural ecological values 2) Restoring, improving the efficiency of typical ecological properties, suitable to natural flow, suitable to the development direction of the city 3) Sustainable development in peri-urban areas in the process of urbanization in terms of society, environment, urbanization process and in accordance with climate conditions, reducing urban heat The author has summarized the natural ecological characteristics of three cities in the North Central region including Thanh Hoa City, Vinh City, Ha Tinh City; propose viewpoints and principles in developing peri-urban space structure Which emphasizes the principle of establishing the urban spatial structure to develop in the direction of North-South, and East-West to ensure ecological balance and urban development Proposing a general urban spatial structure model to access ecological urban areas based on the specific points and characteristics of this region The thesis has proposed a number of targets and solutions to improve the efficiency of the peri-urban space in the urban spatial structure, access to ecological urban; apply these principles to apply to the urban perimeter of Vinh city After the main principles can be applied appropriately to other urban areas in the North Central region in the process of developing and expanding planning ... Including peri-urban space including three cities in North Central Vietnam: Thanh Hoa City, Vinh City, Ha Tinh City (Thanh Nghe Tinh Area) + In terms of time: consistent with the orientation of... in Thanh Hoa city * Topographic and natural ecology Characteristic of peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city in the form of a belt surrounding the inner city The inner periphery has an interwoven... urban expansion 1.2.2 Overview of ecology urban theory * The concept of ecology urban originated in the 80s of the twentieth century by German scholars directly related to the responsibility for