Economics rationalism in canerra

Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ECONOMIC RATIONALISM IN CANBERRA www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ECONOMIC RATIONALISM IN CANBERRA A NATION-BUILDING STATE CHANGES ITS MIND MICHAEL PUSEY School of Sociology University of New South Wales The right of the University of Cambridge to print and sell all manner of books was granted by Henry VIII in 1534 The University has printed and published continuously since 1584 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge New York Port Chester Melbourne Sydney www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com For my children, Cara and Lisa Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1991 First published 1991 Reprinted 1991, 1992 Reprinted with corrections, 1992 National Library of Australia cataloguing-in-publication data: Pusey, Michael Economic Rationalism in Canberra Bibliography, includes index ISBN 0-521-33422-5 ISBN 0-521-33661-9 (pbk.) Civil service - Australia Australia - economic policy - 1976-90 Australia - economic policy - 1990 - , 4- Australia - Politics and government I Title 338.994 British Library cataloguing-in-publication data: Pusey, Michael 1939Economic rationalism in Canberra : a nation-building state changes its mind Australia, Public administration I Title 359.9471 ISBN 0-521-33422-5 ISBN 0-521-33661-9 pbk Library of Congress cataioging-in-publication data: Pusey, Michael, 1939Economic rationalism in Canberra : a nation-building state changes its mind / Michael Pusey Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-521-33422-5 — ISBN 0-521-33661-9 (pbk.) Australia - Economic policy Australia - Social policy Australia - Politics and Government - 1945- I Title HC603.P87 1991 338.994 -dc20 91-2950 CIP Transferred to digital printing 2003 iv Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com CONTENTS Preface vii INTRODUCTION Canberra in the balance The politics of meaning and the meaning of politics Method and purpose 13 23 PART ONE Canberra: a state apparatus changes its mind CHAPTER Images of contemporary Australia Problems and obstacles Windows and images Conclusion 29 33 37 43 CHAPTER Profiles of Canberra's political administrators Social backgrounds Political orientations Enter the economic rationalists Government and administration under Hawke Technocrats? Conclusion 45 47 56 59 64 67 74 CHAPTER The inner triangle The central agencies The market-oriented departments The program and service departments Conclusion www.ebook777.com 76 81 90 97 106 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com CONTENTS CHAPTER The instrumentation of state power The state changing its mind, or reforming the top of the Public Service Intellectuals and vertical structural integration Rationalisation and lateral structural integration From the invisible to the visible hand: the formal restructuring of Bastille Day 1987 Conclusion 111 113 126 134 146 153 PART TWO State and society: reflections, refractions, reductions CHAPTER 'Rationalisation* and modernity: what has happened to the state's deliberative capacity? Canberra in the Whitlam years: the earlier normative context of reform What has happened to the state's deliberative capacities? The 'demoralisation' of the career service The depoliticisation of the politicisation of an apolitical career service Crisis of the state, or crisis of modernity? 159 160 169 182 188 195 CHAPTER Integrity under stress: the Lucky Country enters the world economy Relative autonomy of the state? Responding to vulnerability (up the creek or down the Murray?) Vulnerability, culture and identity jittering into the future: evaluations and choices 218 224 234 Appendix A: Methods and procedures Appendix B: Major economic trends 1975-88 Appendix C: Major events 1975-90 245 258 260 Notes and References Index 263 301 VI 208 211 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com PREFACE This book is the result of four years of work and, more to the point, of much good fortune I was fortunate to have the support of many institutions and colleagues that I shall my inadequate best to acknowledge I was also allowed a unique access to the top echelons of the Canberra state apparatus at what turns out in retrospect to have been an extraordinarily opportune moment in its history With the benefit of hindsight it is clear that many of the fundamental directions of Australia's passage toward the twenty-first century were either cast or were only just becoming visible in the moments in which this study was made As events would have it no one before or since could have had quite such a privileged view of those events for a number of reasons In 1985 and 1986, the costs and benefits of 'economic rationalism', and indeed the winners and losers of that orientation to national policy, were only dimly visible Moreover, the climate of economic gloom and of general apprehension about the future of this nation had not really pervaded the consciousness of broader sections of the Australian population to the extent that it has today And so for these and other reasons my respondents were exceptionally open and trusting in all that they proffered to us in the interviews That is why the first people whom I must thank are the respondents themselves As the preliminary results of this study attracted national media and press coverage in 1988 and again in late 1990, the changing cast of the Canberra bureaucracy has been increasingly politicised in a way that will please some of my respondents, leave others uncertain or dismayed, and perhaps anger others Since I have been typed by many (perhaps wrongly) as the first person to have 'blown the whistle on the economic rationalists' in the Canberra administration, I need to tell my readers, and especially my vu www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ECONOMIC RATIONALISM IN CANBERRA interviewees, that I have had much difficulty struggling with the responsibilities of my own positions in relations to these developments Most importantly I need to say to the interviewees, to all of them and perhaps most of all those who not like the judgments I have made, that I have to the best of my ability responded in kind to the intellectual and moral goodwill that made people open their views to the scrutiny and judgment of someone over whom they would have no sanction ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgments are due to the indispensable assistance of several institutions Most especially I wish to thank the Australian Research Council that supported the project for three years And similarly I thank the Public Service Board, its former Chairman Peter Wilenski, and the former Director of the Research Branch, John Russell The Board gave its official support to the study and was impeccable in its acceptance of my independence and of the guarantees I made to the respondents that no names would be seen or kept by anyone except myself and my interviewers In a period where teaching and research resources have been extremely scarce I am especially grateful to the University of New South Wales My colleagues in the School of Sociology and two successive Heads of School, Frances Love joy and Ann Daniel, have helped in every way they could and so did many other colleagues in this vital and stimulating Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The Faculty gave me some supplementary research support from its own funds for the best part of five years and, for that whole time, I have been immensely encouraged by the intellectual interest and practical help of our dean, John Milfull Thanks go also to the staff of the Faculty's Public Sector Research Centre And of course there would be no book without a publisher and in this case without first the faith and then the gentle and discerning advice of Robin Derricourt, the Managing Editor of Cambridge University Press My heartfelt thanks go to those many people who gave so much time to the study In the early stages so many people gave advice, help and encouragement that I have now space only to thank a few of them who must include Jiirgen Habermas, David Bennett, Sol Encel, Mira Crouch, Bob Connel, Chris Selby-Smith, Ivan Szelenyi, John Langmore, Robert van Krieken, Jane Marceau, Gavan McDonell, vin Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com PREFACE Jennifer Wilkinson, Elizabeth Fulop, Pieter Degeling, Stewart Clegg, Frank Jones, John Higley, Stephanie Short, Christine Crowe, Hal Colebatch, Winton Higgins, Tom McCarthy, Gian Poggi, Trevor Matthews, Noel Butlin, Elaine Thompson, and Michael Johnson I am greatly indebted to Adrian Fordham for his endlessly patient help with technical aspects of the research design and, similarly, to Danny Hassofer for his assistance with the data processing and computing Tim Rowse and Gillian Evans were wonderfully conscientious and skilled interviewers whom I cannot thank enough And then there are those people who spent days, and even weeks, working through the drafts Chris Selby-Smith, Leslie Fallic, John Western, Adrian Fordham, Jocelyn Pixley, and James Guthrie have all, from their widely differing perspectives, given this indispensable page by page criticism I take all the responsibility for arguments and positions that are mine and often at odds with theirs My colleague Maria Markus did all this and more and for her intellectual inspiration and friendship I certainly owe more than I can adequately acknowledge Grant O'Neil and Meagan Chapman helped with some extra research while I was preparing the manuscript that I was then able to give to Carol Dettmann who is the best editor ever, and to Chapter & Verse who did the design work Michael Pusey Sydney June 1991 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ECONOMIC RATIONALISM IN CANBERRA 43 4445 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 of the agenda', compares the Australian situation with that of Thatcher's Britain and concludes that one of the major differences is the discipline of the Australian body and its willingness and capacity to work constructively with government in the formation of social and public policy Lester C Thurow, Zero-Sum Society: distribution and the possibilities for economic change, Basic Books, New York, 1980 W M Corden, Trade Policy and Economic Welfare, Oxford University Press, London, 1974, p 108 as quoted by Castles Editorial, Sydney Morning Herald, Tuesday, January 1989, p 10 The very notion of a national 'credit rating' is little more than a potent ideological fiction since there is no 'independent' assessment of a nation's net assets or of any of the real factors - natural and social resources - upon which its 'income' or 'wealth' might depend See, Frank Stilwell, The Accord and Beyond, Pluto Press, Sydney, 1986; and, for a description of the changes, Australia, 1989/90 OECD Economic Surveys, Paris, 1990, pp 57-77 According to both stated and unstated policy they will keep or strengthen the penal provisions and abolish the major wage setting function 'The Role of the Public Sector', OECD Economic Studies, No 4, Spring 1985; Francis Castles, Australian Public Policy and Economic Vulnerability: a comparative and historical perspective, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1988; Francis Castles, The Working Class and Welfare: reflections on the political development of the welfare state in Australia and New Zealand 1890-1980, Allen & Unwin, Wellington, 1985; Lois Bryson, 'Welfare Issues of the Eighties' in J.M Najman & J.S Weston (eds), A Sociology of Australian Society: introductory readings, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1988, Chapter 10, pp 486-516 David Heald, Frances Castles, ] Pixley P D Groenewegen, 'The Political Economy of Federalism 1901-81', in Brian Head's State and Economy in Australia, pp 169-99 See Colin Kearney & Mehdi Monadjemi, 'Fiscal Policy and Current Account Performance: international evidence on the twin deficits', Working Paper No 95, Centre for Applied Economics, University of New South Wales, subsequently published in Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol 12, No 2,1990 Frank Stilwell, p 68 Alain Touraine, 'Is Sociology Still the Study of Society?', pp 5-34H.H Gerth & C Wright Mills (eds.) From Max Weber, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1948, p 280 Daniel Bell, 'Models and Reality in Economic Discourse', in The Crisis in Economic Theory, Daniel Bell & Irving Kristol (eds), Basic Books, New York, 1981, p 56 See Table 3.6 in Chapter 3, p 94 See Tables 3.3 and 3.4, pp 85 and 87 From notes 'About the the Conference' at the head of the publicity 296 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com NOTES & REFERENCES 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 leaflet for the Conference on T h e Welfare State' held at Menzies Hotel, Sydney, Friday 13 (!) November 1987 Australian Institute of Public Policy, 'What Why How?', AIPP Pamphlet, Perth, as cited by Ross Ward, Australia's Public Policy Think Tanks: reaching for the policy agenda, B.Soc.Sci hons dissertation, University of New South Wales, 1988 See the introduction by John Stone in Arbitration in Contempt: Proceedings of the H.R Nicholls Society, published by H R Nicholls Society, Melbourne, 1986, pp 9-15 Marian Sawer's, Australia and the New Right, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1982, was the first, and very early, account of New Right influence and organisation Another is Bette Moore & Gary Carpenter's 'The Main Players' in The New Right's Australian Fantasy, Ken Coghill (ed.), McPhee Gribble/Penguin, Melbourne, 1987, pp 145-61 The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia Joint Committee of Public Accounts, Report 302, 'Engagement of External Consultants by Commonwealth Departments', Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1990; Pilita Clark, 'Consultant: a rich public servant', Sydney Morning Herald, 11 November 1989, p 1; Louise Dodson, 'Reforms bring a rash of consultants to help government', Financial Review, 26 September 1989, p This is the topic of a study conducted by the Public Sector Research Centre at the University of New South Wales, titled 'The McKinsey Syndrome: international consultants and Australian governments' The Senior Executive Service of the government of New South Wales comprises some 500 persons all of whom are employed on contracts with yearly appraisals made by a private firm of consultants, Cullen Egan Dell See the address of Ken Baxter, Deputy Director General, Premier's Department, New South Wales, to National Colloquium of the Royal Australian Institute of Public Administration, on the Senior Executive Service, Parliament House, Canberra, 9—10 October 1989 Edward W Shann, 'Economic Policy Institutions in Australia', Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration, No 53, December 1987, pp 24-35, traces the migrations of former Treasury officials into key positions including the financial press Relative to other principal members of the EEC, and in its own terms, Britain's 'economic miracle' is, according to Grahame Thompson, more like a failure: see his 'Privatisation and the Thatcher "Miracle": any lessons for Australia?', H.V Evatt Research Centre, Sydney, November 1988 K Windschuttle, The Media, Penguin Books, Ringwood, 1988 (new edition), p 84 Ibid, p 85 This is Graham Little's brilliant formulation in The Whitlam Phenomenon, Gough Whitlam (ed.), Penguin, Ringwood, 1986, p 70 Geoffrey Blainey, 'Australia: a bird's eye view', Australia: the Daedalus symposium, Stephen R Graubard (ed.), Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 297 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ECONOMIC RATIONALISM IN CANBERRA 72 73 7475 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 8485 86 87 1985, pp 1-29; and Tyranny of Distance: how distance shaped Australia's history, Sun Bocks, Melbourne, 1966 Hugh Collins, T h e Political Ideology in Australia: the distinctiveness of a Benthamite society', in Australia: the Daedalus symposium, pp 147-171, p 155 Andre Metin, Socialism Sans Doctrine, originally published in 1901 and translated by Russell Ward, as Socialism Without Doctrine, Alternative Publishing Cooperative, Sydney, 1977 Pierre Birnbaum, 'Central Patterns: states, ideologies, and collective action in Western Europe', International Social Science Journal, Vol XXXII, No 4,1980, pp 671-86 John Maynard Keynes, General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, 1936, Macmillan, London, p 383 Hugh Collins, 'The Political Ideology in Australia', p 165 R S Parker, Tower in Australia', Australian and N.Z Journal of Sociology, Vol 1, October 1965, pp 85-96 R Rosecrance, 'The Radical Culture of Australia', p 130 There is yet another irony in that it is Irving Kristol, a distinguished American neoconservative (and so one of a family who are paid huge sums of money by Australian business, and perhaps other 'benefactors' as well, to lecture Australians on the benefits of American laissez-faire politics) who eloquently and accurately explains that Adam Smith was a moralist with a strong sense of society and that he 'never celebrated self-interest per se as a human motive, he merely pointed to its utility in a population that wished to improve its condition' See, Irving Kristol's Chapter 11, 'Rationalism in Economics' especially p 206 in D Bell & I Kristol (eds.), The Crisis in Economic Theory, Basic Books, New York, 1981 Hugh Stretton, Political Essays, Georgian House, Melbourne, p 202 Hugh Collins, 'The Political Ideology in Australia', p 156 After Gouldner it is Anna Yeatman who so deftly refers to the 'teleological promiscuity' of our public servants, in 'The Concept of Public Management and the Australian State in the 1980s', Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol XLVI, No 4, December 1987, pp 339-53 Alan Ashbolt, 'The Intellectuals Have Joined Us', Sydney Morning Herald, June 1988 Sir Frederick Eggleston, 'The Australian Nation', in George Caiger (ed.), The Australian Way of Life, Heinemann, London, 1953, p 11 Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Allen & Unwin, London, 1976 Hugh Stretton, 'The Quality of Leading Australians', pp 197-231 In Australia: the Daedalus Symposium, Gordon Jackson (p 238) cites George W England, 'Managers and Their Value Systems', Economic Impact, No 27, 1979, pp 23-7, in affirming the results of a University of Minnesota study showing that Australian managers had a 'high moralistic orientation, placed low value on achievement, success, competition, and risk [and] were not very amenable to change' Stretton 298 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com NOTES & REFERENCES 88 89 90 91 92 93 9495 96 97 98 99 100 makes the same observation that is now routinely made and confirmed by subsequent studies Noel Butlin, 'Bicentennial Perspective of Australian Economic Growth', Inaugural Address to the Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand, delivered at the University of Adelaide, 25 August 1986, under the title a Tale of Two Centuries' I have paraphrased from p 42 See, the Hon Barry Jones, Sleepers Wake! Technology and the Future of Work, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1982 Jurgen Habermas, 'The New Obscurity: crisis of the welfare state and the exhaustion of Utopian energies', Philosophy and Social Criticism, No 11, 1986, pp 1-19; Claus Offe 'II Democracy Against the Welfare State? Structural Foundations of Neoconservative Political Opportunities', Political Theory, Vol 15, No 4, November 1987, pp 501-37 See Gary Wills, 'The Politics of Grievance', a review in New York Review of Books, Vol XXXVII, No 12, July 1990, pp 3-4, of Kevin Phillips' The Politics of Rich and Poor: wealth and the American electorate in the Reagan aftermath, Random House, New York, 1990; and, Gary Wills, Reagan's America: innocents at home, Doubleday, 1987 and Stanley Hoffman's review of the latter in New York Review of Books, Vol XXXIV, No 9, May 1987, pp 3-8; and John Kenneth White, The New Politics of Old Values, University Press of New England, 1988 J.A Nathan, 'Dateline Australia: America's foreign Watergate', Foreign Policy, Vol 49, 1982-83, pp 168-85; and Tim Rowse, 'The CIA and the Kerr Coup' in Australians from 1939, A Curthoys, A.W Martin & Tim Rowse (eds), Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates, Sydney 1987 Richard Hall, The Secret State, pp 186-90, as quoted in Donald Home, 'Who Rules Australia?', in Australia: the Daedalus Symposium, p 186 Reinhold Niebuhr, The Irony of American History, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1962 C Lasch, Culture of Narcissism: American life in an age of diminishing expectations, Norton, New York, 1978; Noam Chomsky, Necessary Illusions, CBC 1988 Massey Lectures, CBC Enterprises, Montreal and Toronto, 1989 Louis Hartz, The Founding of New Societies: studies in the history of the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Canada, and Australia, Harcourt Brace and World, New York, 1964, p 118 P Brain, A Jolley & I Manning, 'Labour Market Options for Australia', National Institute of Economic and Industry Research Study, No 8, March 1988, p 54 Pierre Birnbaum, p 683 I think this means closing the space between 'system and lifeworld' so that there is rational differentiation and coordination but no colonisation of the latter by the former R C Lane, 'Markets and the Satisfaction of Human Wants', Journal of Economic Issues, Vol 12, 1978, p 803, as quoted in Claus Offe, Disorganized Capitalism, John Keane (ed.), Polity Press, Cambridge, 1985, p 143 299 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ECONOMIC RATIONALISM IN CANBERRA 101 This is Agnes Heller's phrase 102 Jiirgen Habermas, Communication and the Evolution of Society, translated and introduced by Thomas McCarthy, Beacon Press, Boston, 1979, p 199 103 See especially Alain Touraine, 'The Waning Sociological Image of Social Life' 104- R- Rosecrance, 'The Radical Culture of Australia' p 310 105 Alain Touraine, 'The Waning Sociological Image of Social Life', p 40 106 Maria Markus, 'Formation and Restructuring of Civil Society: is there a general meaning in the Polish paradigm?', International Review of Sociology, Vol XXI, No 1-2-3,1985, pp 5-24 107 This is the far-sighted view of Dr Peter Shergold, an influential advisor and Deputy Secretary of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, outlined in an address to the alumni of the Bachelor of Social Science and Policy Program, University of New South Wales, November 1989 108 With these allusions I am drawing heavily here on a brilliant review article by Michael Walzer, 'Nervous Liberals', in his Radical Principals, Basic Books, New York, 1980 109 What Steinfels does say is that it is the 'New Class that is bad tempered and thin-skinned ' Peter Steinfels, The Neo-Conservatives: the men who are changing America's polities', Simon & Schuster, New York, 1979, as quoted in Walzer, p 104110 Claus Offe quoting Polanyi in, Disorganized Capitalism, p 53 111 P Grabosky and J Braithwaite, Of Manners Centle: enforcement strategies of Australian business regulatory agencies, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1986 112 My paraphrasing; see Anthony Giddens (ed.), Emile Durkheim: selected writings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1972, p 27 113 Xavier Herbert, Poor Fellow My Country, Collins, Sydney, 1975 300 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX Aberbach J et al study 2, 24, 47, 52, 57, 59, 75,160,161, 216, 268 Aboriginal Affairs, Department of 6, 25, 77, 98, 99, 104, 105, 121, 133,136,149 Aborigines 41, 215, 242 Accord 7, 33, 221, 223, 227, 260 accountability 101, 154 accountants 186, 202, 235 practices 32, 42, 102, 233 technologies 108, 183, 202 action(s) 77, 170, 171, 190, 202 and structure 68 communicative 237 administration 4, 73 age 4, 8, 46, 47, 83,118,131,154 amalgamations 25, 33, 76, 81, 146 Apel, Karl Otto 167 Arbitration Commission 180, 221 'archaeology' 97, 99, 107 Argentina 218 attitudes 35, 39, 43 Australia 15, 208, 213, 215, 218, 219,221 Constitution 29 Council of Trade Unions 33 culture 237 deficit 32 development 15 economy 32, 34, 37, 81, 258-9 exports 32 future 234, 235 Gross Domestic Product 32, 40, 61, 62, 259 distribution 61, 62, 125, 271 Gross National Product, 58 distribution of 80, 106, 270 history 217 images of 10, 26, 29, 37 income distribution 79 isolation 12, 32, 230, 233 manufacturing industries 32, 34 obstacles facing 33, 35, 36, 38, 43, 266 attitudes and values 36 consensus 36, 39 education 36 industrial relations 36, 39, 268 industries 36, 39 institutional inertia 36 leadership 36 markets 36, 39 taxation 39 vested interests 36, 39 wages and salaries 36, 39 population 32, 49, 50 problems of 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 43, 266 attitudes and values 34 economic 34 education 34 industrial relations 39 industries 34 public sector 34 social inequalities 34 unemployment 34 wages and salaries 34 secularism 230, 231 states 31, 98, 213, 214, 224, 228, 269, 274 taxation 143 terms of trade 32 traditions 74, 205 universities 6, 232, 233 301 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX Australian Assistance Plan 165 Australian Council of Trade Unions 218, 221, 260 Australian Schools Commission 165 Australian Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration 271 Beer, S 198 behaviour 170, 171,202,286 Bentham, Jeremy 232 Birch, Charles 233 Blackburn, Jean 281 Block, David 292 Britain 2, 10, 12, 32, 53, 59, 60, 75, 213, 216, 217, 221, 223, 230, 231,240,269,294,296,297 Broom, L and Jones, F 50, 51 budget 4, 33, 89, 134, 135, 224, 227, 261, 280 bureaucracy (see also state apparatus) 3, 5, 7, 10 bureaucrats 5, 8, 47 top (see also SES) 29, 34 business 58, 62, 96, 133, ^ , 150, 154, 155, 163, 214, 221, 223, 230, 236, 240, 241, 281 Business Council of Australia 281 businessmen 235 Butlin, S.J., 177 Butiin, Noel 234, 236 Button, John 149, 150, 151 cabinet 7, 9, 66, 75, 86, 88, 98, 107, 112, 131, 136, 138, 139, 141, 144,145,154, 279 Caiden, G.E 284 Cameron, Rod 190 Canada 213, 214,231 career(s) 114, 133, 167, 169, 182, 183 career service 20, 151, 153, 160, 182, 188, 192 Cass, M 52 Castles, Francis 218, 219 Catholics 41, 56, 79 central agencies 6, 8, 9, 25, 59, 76, 78-93, 95, 98-102, 107, 108, 115, 116, 118, 120, 125, 126, 130, 134, 136, 141-8, 154, 174, 175, 181, 182, 183, 186, 192, 193,198, 209, 222, 226 characteristics 85 Centre for Independent Studies (CIS) 227 Centre for Policy Studies (COPS) 227 challenge 186 Charles, Dr David 150, 183 Chartist movement 217 Chifley, Ben 160 citizenship 12, 165, 188, 190, 204, 236, 237, 241 Clark, Manning 13, 233, 294 Clarke, Sir Charles 147 clients 89, 100, 103, 136, 149, 155, 165,178,181,184,192 SES as captives of 95, 109 Codd, Mike 183 coherence 65, 87, 89, 136, 154, 168, 192, 198, 201 colonisation 10, 18, 179 committed centrists (see also Aberbach et al) 5, 57, 58, 74, 160, 161, 188 Committee of Public Accounts 276 commodification 176, 179 commonwealth government (see government, federal) community 167, 190 Community Services, Department of 6, 25, 77, 98,149 complexity 161, 174, 191, 199, 201, 204, 242 conflicts 105 Connolly, David 275 Connor, Rex 211 consensus 35, 170 consistency 65, 87, 89, 130, 136, 137,154, 168,192,198 consultants 228 Coombs Royal Commission into the Australian Public Service 52, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 159, 169, 260 Coombs, H.C 162, 198, 199, 291 coordination 10, 18, 104, 108, 112, 116,154,164,196,199,209 corporatism credit rating 222, 223, 224, 261 crisis 197, 198 of modernity 195, 196, 206 302 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX of society 16, 160, 196 of the state 3, 16, 17, 19,64, 108, 160, 195,196, 206, 210 Crisis of Democracy, 5, 17 Crozier,M 17, 198,291 culture(s) 9, 10, 12, 18, 21, 44, 111, 160, 169, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 182, 183, 195, 206, 208, 210, 212, 217, 224, 231, 241, 285 Benthamite 231 moral 168, 182, 188,231 Daniel, Ann 50, 51 Davies, Alan 37 Dawkins, John 147, 148, 188, 193, 275 de Toqueville, A 185 Deakin, A debt 42, 202, 224, 235 deficit 33 degrees university 59, 88, 91,98 higher/post-graduate 132 demoralisation 182 deregulation 12, 125, 210, 240 banking industry 261 capital markets 222, 270 dollar 63, 211,222, 261,270 economy 135 financial markets 211, 260 labour market 58, 61, 62, 78, 80, 84, 106, 210 development 1, 12, 17, 22, 195, 212, 215, 237, 238, 241 differentiation 18, 77, 117, 179, 180, 192 discourses 279 dispositions 146 distance 179, 180 Easton, David 292 Eckstein, H 214 econocrats 7, 87 economic departments (see central agencies) economic management 95 economic rationalism 1, 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 57, 74, 78, 97, 107, 108, 134, 154, 159, 170, 171, 183, 187, 192, 194, 208-12, 220-5, 233, 239, 241 economic rationalists 8, 47, 59, 75, 126,135,144-9,174,271 economics 2, 6, 8, 10, 72, 73, 77, 102, 154, 171, 173, 175, 190, 217,223,232,233 curriculum 5, neoclassical 225 profession 60 economists 5, 6, 7, 11, 18, 24, 62, 110, 132, 133, 143, 150, 154, 172, 173, 175, 182, 186, 192, 202, 216, 277 economy 9, 10, 18, 21, 30, 34, 35, 42, 44, 64, 107, 108, 109, 130, 143, 152, 179, 180, 193, 195, 200, 206, 209, 210, 219, 225 global 18 international 43 world 12, 26, 37, 208, 209, 210, 225,234 Education, Department of 6, 8, 35, 37, 55, 77, 97, 99,147,148, 166 education, 4, 46, 74 economics 109 elite 55, 59, 83, 98, 100, 163, 233 liberal 172 system 37 university 94, 98, 162, 171 Education and Youth Affairs, Department of 25 European Economic Community (EEC) 209, 216, 219, 298 effectiveness 130, 153, 154 efficiency 17, 20, 22, 66, 95, 114, 125, 130,153,154,172,189,210 Efficiency Scrutiny Unit 152, 153 elite(s) 7, 16, 111, 163, 179, 183, 233,269,283 Elliott, John 190 empiricism 13, 21, 166, 172, 203, 217,232 Employment and Industrial Relations, Department of 152 Employment, Education and Training, Department of 182, 193 Emy, H 283 Encel, S 233, 283 enterprise 43 environment 21, 24, 45, 76, 123, 210, 220 303 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX Equality of Employment Opportunity 86, 151 ethic of vocation 20, 168 ethics 41, 168, 187 exchange 42 exchange rate 150 Expenditure Review Committee 107,138,139,141,135, 224 experience 6, 54, 59, 63, 73, 74, 88, 94,105,106,109,133,181 hands-on life overseas 9, 88, 93, 94, 100, 109, 133,226 practical 92 private 94, 99 real-world work 93, 94, 100 externality 200, 204, 241 federalism 31 Federation 3, 98, 213,215, 216 federations 30 Finance, Department of 6, 8, 25, 76, 81, 82, 86, 92, 104, 108, 126, 134, 135, 136, 138-41, 145, 146, 152, 177, 178, 179, 184, 227, 260, 279 Financial Management Improvement Plan 89, 140 FitzGerald, Dr Vince 182, 183 flexibility 189 Foreign Affairs, Department of 149 Foucault, M 285 France 50, 53, 60, 213, 217, 221, 269 Frankel, Boris 216 Fraser, Bernie 183 Fraser, Malcolm 134, 198, 279, 280 Fraser, Nancy 18, 165, 205 Freedom of Information 151 Fulop, Liz 165 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT )133, 226 Geertz, Clifford 13, 289 gender 8, 24, 41, 46-8, 195, 223, 233, 269 generalists Germany 221 Gorbachev, Mikhail 194 government 63, 65, 66, 74, 112, 211, 229 federal 3, 30,148 Fraser Liberal 3, 7, 8, 32, 33, 66, 82,134, 260, 275 Hawke Labor 3, 4, 7, 31, 32, 64, 66, 74, 91, 98, 106, 113, 132, 140, 153, 154, 170, 188, 190, 211, 221, 222, 228, 261, 262, 282, 288 Labor 4, 5, 214 Centre Left faction 7, 124, 168 Right faction 7, 139, 149 Left faction; minority Right-wing 136 Liberal 3, 5, 7,64,97, 160, 214 Menzies Liberal 162, 216 roles 74 state 67 Whitlam Labor 64, 66, 110, 159, 161, 163, 164, 166, 169, 170, 171, 184, 190, 196, 199, 211, 260, 276 Greens 22, 187 Groenewegen 214 H.R Nicholls Society 227 Habermas, Jurgen 17, 18, 22, 26, 129, 171, 175, 179, 185, 196, 197, 201, 206, 237, 285 Hawke, R.J 141, 146 (see also government, Hawke Labor) Hayek, F 227 Health, Department of 6, 25, 77, 97, 99,105,121,141,149, 280 Heclo, Hugh 23, 161 Hegel 293 Heller, Agnes 237 history 230, 233, 239 Hobbes 232 Home, Donald 13, 233 Howard, John 271 human relations 166 Hume, David 173 identity 9, 10, 12, 14, 18, 21, 208, 209, 210, 224, 233, 235 national 6, 15 social 171, 173 304 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX ideology 19, 30, 31, 165, 169, 174, 175,231 'incentivation' 203, 210, 230, 231, 237, 239, 241 income 221 redistribution 219, 224 independence 14 industrial relations 35, 37, 213, 215 Industrial Relations Commission 222-4 industrialisation 14 industries 7, 36, 37, 42, 43, 93, 142, 145,150, 228 Industries Assistance Commission 149 industry investment 151 Industry, Technology and C o m ' merce, Department of 6, 25, 90, 91, 149, 150, 183 inequality 24, 41,55, 106 inflation 33, 34 Institute of Public Affairs 227 Institute of Public Policy 227 institutional inertia 37 instrumentalism 188 integration (see rationalisation) integrity 14, 168, 208 intellectual skills 88, 89, 109, 126 intellectuals 2, 47, 73, 111, 112, 126, 130, 133, 162, 176, 179, 180, 195, 201, 202, 205, 206, 225, 265,272 interest group(s) 143, 155, 163 interest(s) 2, 15, 165, 179, 183, 213, 225, 230, 231 logic of 176 public 15 vested 15, 154 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 88, 133 investment 12, 33, 143, 210-14, 219, 224, 240 Japan 216 job dissatisfaction 101 rewards 100 satisfaction 7, 88, 95, 100, 109,126, 185, 186, 29 Katzenstein, Peter 15, 220 Keating, Mike 183 Keynes, J.M., 5, 7, 63, 107, 179, 231 Kirner, Joan 281 Krasner, Stephen 15, 212, 213 Kristol, Irving 298 Labor Party 7, 31, 58, 114, 146, 154, 215,221 Centre Left faction 100, 107, 155 Centre Right faction, 125 Left faction 98, 107, 139, 147, 155,224 politicians 162 Right faction 107, 154, 155, 282 Iabourism2, 12, 221,231,264 labour market 12, 35, 42, 43, 219, 236 laissez-faire 6, 32, 56, 107, 110, 219, 227, 229, 298 Langmore, John 179 language 167, 171,203 leadership 37, 43, 66, 105, 129, 132, 134, 267 legitimacy 106-9, 126, 132, 195, 239 legitimation 143, 155, 176, 217, 229, 286 Liberal Party 30, 58, 113, 114, 151, 168, 190, 203, 223, 227, 228, 270 Liberalism 195 lifeworld 175, 233, 241 Lipset, S.M 214 Lipsey,R.G 172 Little, Graham 284 lobbyists 121, 142, 191, 280 Locke, John 232 Lucky Country 1, 23, 35, 43, 208, 215,218,239 Luhmann, N 18, 26, 178, 179, 191, 194, 201-3, 220, 279, 290 Lynch, Phil 64 management 44, 72, 73, 89, 99, 116, 127, 136, 137, 146, 166, 192, 233,267 'technologies' 228 managerialism 20, 102, 121-5, 146, 281, 288, 289 managerialists 8, 125 305 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX managers 67, 102, 103, 108, 114, 126,187,190, 233 manipulation 230 Marcuse, Herbert 187 market(s)3, 10, 17, 22, 43, 125, 171, 173, 179-83, 193-6, 201, 204, 206, 226, 230, 235, 242 financial 63 free 64 labour 63 market economy 239, 240 market-oriented departments 6, 9, 76, 78, 79, 84, 86, 90-7, 99, 102, 115, 116, 126, 134, 136, 142,143,144,151,209 characteristics 93 structure 142 marketplace 42 f Markus, Maria 18, 238, 295 Marx, Karl 19 Matthews, T 214 McKinnon, Ken 281 media 13, 150, 229 Menzies, R.G (see also government, Menzies Liberal) 160, 161 merit 116, 151, 169,276 migrants 41 Mill, J.S 232 Miller, J.D.B 283 Mills, C W 174 Minister of Finance minister(s) 2, 7, 8, 44, 66, 70, 73, 75, 86, 88, 98, 102, 107, 114, 116, 121, 131, 134, 136, 138, 141, 144,146,151,188-93, 276 mobility 103, 113-19, 145, 152, 164, 181-5,194, 227 models 8, 176, 177,178, 181 modernisation (see also development) 1, 2, 11, 12, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 32, 198, 199, 205, 235 modernity 196, 198, 201, 202, 205 morality 195 motivation 128, 185-7, 194, 226, 288 national income, distribution 213 National Institute for Labour Studies 228 need(s) 12, 22, 42, 108, 165, 176, 181, 200, 205, 226, 237 social 7, 44, 164, 165, 168, 173, 179, 195, 200, 225 neoconservatives (see also New Right) 17 Nettl, J.P 2, 14 neutrality 75 Nevile, John 286 New Class 64, 163 New Right 64, 106, 133, 194, 227-30, 235, 239, 297 New South Wales 229 norm-setting 119, 120, 126, 132, 138, 154, 184 norms 7, 8, 10, 18, 44, 108, 109, 110, 127, 133, 152, 160, 168, 169, 173, 174, 177, 204, 210, 242 O'Connor,] 17, 197 Offe,C 17, 18, 197, 220,291 Old Right 194 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 3, 13, 32, 33, 59, 64, 88,113,133,150,224,226,230 Parker, Robert 231, 284 participation 12, 165, 174, 187, 188, 237, 242 phenomenology 178 pluralism 165, 193 Poggi, G 292 Polanyi, K 239 policy 5, 8, 9, 18, 31, 56, 63, 65, 67, 72, 74, 77, 82, 83, 99, 103, 104, 109, 116, 123, 127, 133, 136, 137, 140, 147, 163, 167, 172, 189, 192, 220, 216 budgetary 228 coordination 65 orientations public 2, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22 social 74 political administration 11, 24, 199 political administrators 45, 76, 225 political dispositions 74, 111 political orientations 6, 47, 100 politicians 5, 37, 125 politics 10, 13, 43, 73, 109 images of 41 of knowledge 131 polity 188 images of 41 306 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com positivism 2, 68, 123, 125, 172, 174, 176, 186, 189, 203, 226, 232, 278 post-modernisation 21 post-modernism 11, 17, 20, 26, 166, 191,194,199, 235 Post-War Reconstruction, Department of 160 power 7, 108, 128, 132, 191, 192, 206, 278 Primary Industry, Department of 6, 25, 77, 90,149 Prime Minister and Cabinet, Department of (PM&C) 6, 8, 25, 71, 76, 81, 82, 86, 88, 92, 108, 120, 126, 132, 140, 146, 152, 179, 183, 184, 288 private sector 92, 94, 102, 109, 121, 133, 142, 143, 144, 152, 153, 168,179,185, 229, 280 characteristics 124 senior executives 122 privatisation 125, 135, 210 program and service departments 6, 9, 77, 78, 84, 86, 97-106, 115, 118, 132, 136, 149, 154, 178, 186,192, 209 characteristics 104 promotion(s)(see also mobility) 8, 113, 114, 117, 119, 120, 152, 162, 164, 169, 182, 183, 186, 193 protection 149 psychologists 11 psychology 226, 233 Public Accounts Committee 113, 228, 275, 280, 282 public administration 69, 114, 125, 151, 153, 159, 179, 203 discourse 169, 170 earlier culture of 161 environment of 162 norms 153 public interest 164, 182 public opinion 190, 191 public policy 68, 78, 174, 199 public sector 3, 33, 36, 64, 74, 92, 114, 115, 122, 123, 126, 152, 185, 216, 224, 240, 267 characteristics 124 senior executives 122 public service 6, 8, 114, 115, 168 Public Service Act 151 Public Service Board 113, 151, 182, 278 public service training 93, 94 public sphere 11, 164, 165, 170, 174, 184,195,201,225,231,239 rationalisation 3, 6, 8, 9, 19, 21, 22, 26, 65, 66, 89, 102, 106, 112, 129, 134, 135, 136, 146, 153, 154, 170, 176, 179, 180, 188, 192, 196, 198, 199, 205, 287 and coordination 20 formal 135, 176, 199 lateral 112, 134 of society 22 politics of 141, 143 vertically, 126 rationality 18, 19 formal 19, 109, 141, 151, 153, 175, 200, 205 coherence 20 consistency 20 practical 20, 109 strategic 19 recolonisation 12 reformers 130, 173, 176, 195, 207 reform(s) 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 19, 32, 65, 112, 115, 145-53, 155, 160, 162, 167, 171, 178, 183, 189, 194, 196, 198, 204, 205, 210, 276 Whitlam Labor government, 160-169 relative autonomy 12-15, 206, 211-18,236,237,240 Renfrow, Patty 278 Report of the Royal Commission into the Australian Public Service (RCAGA) (see Coombs Royal Commission) Resources and Energy, Department of 6, 25, 70, 77,90,91,92, 121, 149 responsibility 73, 102, 127, 169, 179, 180,183,187,188, 241 responsiveness 189 rewards 113, 123, 128, 186, 194 Ricoeur, Paul 190 Rieff, Philip 185, 187 Rohr, J 161 role models 94 Rose, R 198 307 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX Rousseau, E 292 Rowse, Tim 284 Ryan, Susan 147 sample 24, 25 Samuelson, P.A., 172 sanctions 127, 128 satisfactions 7, 88, 95, 185, 186 Sawer, Marian 297 scepticism 203 Schools Commission 147, 148 science 149, 173, 174, 175, 177 accountancy 11 neoclassical economics 11 psychology 11 scientism 10, 173, 175, 201, 203 secretaries (departmental) 82, 91, 98, 116, 118, 120, 127, 132, 146,151,182,288 selection 6, 77, 117, 179 Self, Peter 165, 284, 291 Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration 153, 262 Senior Executive Service (SES - see also reforms) 2, 4, 8, 25, 33, 46, 47, 52, 54, 56, 58, 65, 67, 68, 73, 74, 86, 113, 114, 131, 146, 153,185, 255, 262 age 59, 78, 132 background educational 120, 172 social 4, 46-50, 115 criteria of evaluation 153 demoralisation 65 divorce 65, 101 economics degrees 59 education 79 environment of 109, 110 ethnic origins 49 evaluation 130 health problems 101 images of 160 inequalities in interviews 23, 24, 46, 245-54 job satisfaction 87 life experience policy orientations 83, 84 political attitudes political orientation 4, 56, 59, 79 qualifications 132 rewards 65 selection criteria 89 seniority 59 social background social characteristics 78, 83 socio-economic status 54 tenure 128 university degrees 53, 59-62, 78, 79 women, proportion of 48 work 73 Senior Executive Staffing Unit 152 seniority service and program departments (see program and service departments) Shergold, Dr Peter 301 Simmel,G 175,202 Simon, Herbert 2, 68, 202 Skocpol,T 212,214 Smith, Adam 232, 298 Snow, C.P 166 social background 5, 6, 8, 39, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 74, 99 differentiation 53, 74 inequalities 53 selection 4, 53, 74 social action 23, 42, 167, 171, 173, 177,235,286 social class 50 social democracy 1, 5, 10, 12, 22, 106, 123, 163, 192, 205, 209, 218,227,231,236,237 social inequality 35, 40, 41, 147, 197 social justice 107, 114, 125, 153 social movements 19, 22 social needs 7, 44, 164, 165, 168, 173,179,195, 200, 225 social origins (see social background social reproduction 19 social responsibility 41 Social Security, Department of 6, 25, 77, 97, 99, 104, 138, 139, 140,141,149 social service 64 social structure 4, 16, 213, 215 social system 45, 164 social welfare socialisation 45 308 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX society 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 16, 19, 22, 40, 45, 109, 159, 167, 173, 180, 183, 185, 188, 196, 199-204, 209 civil 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18,21, 164, 170, 171, 172, 179, 182, 190, 208-9,211,212,217,224,238 coordinating structures images of 39, 54, 55, 111,180 reproduction 17, 22, 164, 170, 205, 206, 207 utilitarian 40 solidarity 83 sovereignty 13 Soviet Union 10 state 1, 2, 6, 9-14, 64, 124, 143, 159, 163, 166, 170, 179, 188, 196, 199, 201, 206, 209-12, 215, 217, 229, 235, 237, 238, 240 action 171, 182 economically rationalist 112 images of 115 integrity 15, 16 intervention 57, 58, 64, 79, 80, 84, 106,107,142,155, 219, 270 minimalist 112 nation-building 63, 112, 142, 145, 155, 164, 214, 236, 295 power of 4, 6, 111,213 social democratic 7, 107, 125, 155 stong/weak 107, 211-17 structures 112, 164 theories of 16, 24 utilitarian 232 welfare 7, 107, 108, 110, 155 state apparatus 2-5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 33, 44, 45, 65, 66, 76, 79,88, 109, 111, 126, 159, 160, 198, 205, 206, 209, 216, 217, 222, 225, 234 archaeology of environment 77 formal 109 independence 15 legitimacy 97 overloaded states 10, 17 state governments 223 state provision 106 structures 76, 129 states' rights 31 statesmen 183 Steinfels, P 239 Stretton, Hugh 13, 172, 233 structure(s)169, 170 and actions 77, 111 coordinating 17, 235 formal 68, 169 informal 169 normative 110 social 173 Sweden 1, 12, 16, 32, 143, 218, 219, 295 system 10, 11, 18, 20, 21, 24, 176, 179, 180, 184, 187, 188, 191, 193, 195, 204, 220, 233 economic 210, 211, 225 environment 225 environment of 200, 204 logic 202 overloaded 242 social 199 system structures 175-9, 188, 200 systems logic 11, 176, 177, 180, 195 processes 178 systems theory 174 Szelenyi, I 214 tariffs 37, 213 taxation 3, 30-4, 43, 214, 224, 240, 260, 261 technocracy 11, 20, 47 technocrats 67, 70, 73, 74, 93, 123, 126, 162, 176 technology 112, 151, 167, 184 Tertiary Education Commission 148 Thatcher, Margaret 184, 194, 223, 296 think-tanks 133, 143, 227, 281 Thurow, L 221 time 179, 181, 184, 193, 234, 239, 240 Touraine, Alain 1, 18, 196, 225 Trade, Department of 6, 25, 77, 90, 91,93,97,105,149 Trade and Primary Industry, Department of 107 trade unions 6, 7, 35, 42, 58, 62, 142, 145, 180, 215, 227 traditions 181, 199, 204, 210, 230, 236, 242 training 100 309 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com INDEX Treasurer 82, 83, 144, 222, 261 Treasury, Department of 6, 8, 25, 76, 81-3, 86, 88, 92, 104, 108, 120, 121, 126, 133-41, 145, 146, 149, 151, 163, 177, 179, 183, 184, 202, 224, 227, 260, 279 economists 229 Trilateral Commission 162, 197 trust 195, 239 uncertainties 20, 35, 128 unemployment 32, 34, 35, 40, 41, 260, 267 United States 2, 10, 15, 30, 60, 212, 213, 214, 216, 230, 231, 240, 295 universalism 169, 225, 230, 232, 235,237 universals 180 Urban and Regional Development, Department of 165 Uruguay 218 utilitarianism 163, 204, 226, 232, 240 utility 22, 242 Whitlam 113 Whitlam, Gough (see also government, Whitlam Labor) 113, 147,162, 236, 284 Wildavsky, Aaron 23 Wilenski,Dr Peter 113, 151,278 Wilkinson, Jennifer 287 Williams, Helen 147 Willis, Ralph 147 Windschuttle, K 229 work 35, 40, 83, 88, 92, 99-102, 112,122,125-7,181,226,242 ethic 35, 39, 40, 43, 145 experience intellectual 112 values 94, 95 World Bank 13, 133, 226 Wran, Neville 282 Yeatman, Anna 292, 298 value neutrality 68, 69, 73, 125 values 35, 39, 43 vested interests 42, 43, 163, 164, 180, 182, 193 Veterans' Affairs, Department of 6, 25, 77, 98,136,139,141,149 vocation 167 ethic 182 vulnerabilities 12, 218, 224, 225 wages 32, 213, 240 wages system 5, 12, 32, 37, 43, 220, 221,223,224,261,264,296 Ward, Russell 161 Washington 113, 114, 277 Weber, Max 19, 199, 230, 286 welfare 135, 143, 164, 176, 219, 223, 224, 226 welfare state 106, 123, 125, 136, 142, 223 Westminster 4, 30, 113, 168, 188 Wettenhall, R 283 Wheelwright, Ted 233 310 ... Reprinted 1991, 1992 Reprinted with corrections, 1992 National Library of Australia cataloguing -in- publication data: Pusey, Michael Economic Rationalism in Canberra Bibliography, includes index... cataioging -in- publication data: Pusey, Michael, 1939Economic rationalism in Canberra : a nation-building state changes its mind / Michael Pusey Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN... coverage in 1988 and again in late 1990, the changing cast of the Canberra bureaucracy has been increasingly politicised in a way that will please some of my respondents, leave others uncertain or