Thành ngữ tiếng anh thông dụng trong kinh doanh và cách dịch sang tiếng việt

HA NOI PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY = = == = = VU THI HANH COMMON ENGLISH BUSINESS IDIOMS AND WAYS TO TRANSLATE THEM INTO VIETNAMESE (THÀNH NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG TRONG KINH DOANH VÀ CÁCH DỊCH RA TIẾNG VIỆT) Field: English Linguistics XUAN HOA, 2018 HA NOI PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY = = == = = VU THI HANH COMMON ENGLISH BUSINESS IDIOMS AND WAYS TO TRANSLATE THEM INTO VIETNAMESE (THÀNH NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG TRONG KINH DOANH VÀ CÁCH DỊCH RA TIẾNG VIỆT) Field: English Linguistics Supervisor: Do Tien Duc XUAN HOA, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr Do Tien Duc for his continuous support during my study, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge in four years at my college He had instructed me through all obstacles and adversities when I got lost and stuck in creating ideas for this study I appreciate all his efforts and time to read and comment on my research so I can improve my work I wish to thank him for all contribution and encouragement, so I had a deep insight of doing research I feel fortunate to have chances to learn great lessons from his hard work and practical experiences I know that I would never accomplish this thesis without his help Beside my supervisor, I would like to express my sincere gratitude for Mr Reeg who has patiently explained, given me so much knowledge and understanding in business as well as English linguistics Sometimes, he did not agree with my perception but continuously provide me insight and awareness that greatly assisted my research I would like to express my deep love and appreciation to my parents, bothers who always encouraged me with unconditional love, unflinching sacrifice and spiritually support through my hardship Finally, I am thankful to all my classmates for their kindness and support i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby certify that the graduation paper entitled: Common English business idioms and ways to translate them into Vietnamese (Thành ngữ tiếng Anh thông dụng kinh doanh cách dịch sang tiếng Việt) has not been copied from any other person’s work without acknowledgments and that the study is originally done by myself under my supervisor’s instructions Date submitted: May 2018 Student Vu Thi Hanh Supervisor Do Tien Duc ii ABSTRACT English business idioms have become prevalent these days They are not only holding cultural identities but also narrow the gap in the international communication of business affairs As can be seen, understanding and translating business idioms from English to Vietnamese are necessary for the promotion of international cooperation The study would like to point out some challenges in business idiom translation before it comes up with some techniques and strategies Among numerous translation methods and techniques, there are only some of them which can be applicable and useful to transfer the meaning of business idiom from English to Vietnamese efficiently As a result, the thesis author adopted description and analysis research methods to investigate some common English business idioms Then, the thesis author applies some strategies and communicative translation as a constructive and practical method to render them into Vietnamese iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aims of the study 3 Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORIES OF IDIOMS AND BUSINESS IDIOMS IN ENGLISH 1.1 Historical studies Definition of idioms 1.3 Characteristics of Idioms 10 1.3.1 Semantic features 10 1.3.2 Syntactic features 12 1.3.3 Classifications of idioms 15 1.4 Business idioms in English 19 1.4.1 What are business idioms? 19 1.4.2 Features of business idioms 25 1.4.3 Classifications of business idioms 26 CHAPTER 2: GENERALIZATION ABOUT TRANSLATION METHODS AND ENGLISH BUSINESS IDIOM TRANSLATION 33 2.1 Definition of translation 33 2.2 Translation process 36 2.3 Equivalence in translation 39 2.4 Methods of translation 41 2.4.1 Some approaches to translation 41 2.4.2 Translation methods 43 iv 2.4.3 Communicative translation 46 2.4.3.1 What does communicative translation mean? 46 2.4.3.2 Merits of the communicative translation 47 2.4.3.3 Communicative and Semantic translation 49 2.5 English business idioms translation 51 2.5.1 Nature of English business idioms translation 51 2.5.2 Challenges in translating English business idioms 52 2.5.3 Satisfactory requirements of the translation of English business idioms and some methods for translating them into Vietnamese 56 2.5.3.1 Requirements for translating English business idioms 56 2.5.3.2 Suggested methods for translating English business idioms into Vietnamese 59 CHAPTER 3: APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION IN TRANSLATING COMMON ENGLISH BUSINESS IDIOMS INTO VIETNAMESE 3.1 Introduction 62 3.2 Scope of the investigation 63 3.3 Analysis of the translation of business idioms in some examples 64 3.3.1 Analyzing the translation of business idioms at sentence- level 65 3.3.2 Analyzing the translation of business idiom at context- level 66 Reasons for applying communicative translation in translating English business idioms 72 3.5 Application of communicative translation in translating some common English business idiom into Vietnamese 74 3.5.1 Money-related English business idiom translation 76 3.5.2 Sport-related English business idiom translation 78 3.5.3 Color-related English business idiom translation 81 3.5.4 Food-related English business idiom translation 83 3.5.5 Number-related English business idiom translation 84 3.5.6 Market- related English business idiom translation 85 v 3.6 Strategies in translating English business idioms 87 CONCLUSION 94 Summary of the study 94 Suggestion for further studies 95 REFERENCES 96 vi INTRODUCTION Rationale “One language sets you in a corridor for life Two languages open every door along the way.” (Frank Smith) Smith’s statement has led us to the feeling that language is known as the indispensable source and a great tool to open opportunities for human life Notably, we are living in the era of integration when people from different countries communicate with each other Therefore, knowing an international language can not only be used for studies but also broaden opportunities in business English is shining as the first international language people choose to learn It does wonder for breaking boundaries between people, and it is easy acquiring English seems has the fewest complicated pronouns, grammatical rules, and distinctions amongst genders in words Therefore, learners can easily acquire this language Learning to use English freely and entirely, however, is a lengthy and effortful process Especially, English includes a variety of figurative expressions In many situations, idioms step in and become a stumbling block even for professional translators The reason for that phenomenon is that English idioms can hardly be understood by gathering meanings of individual words Moreover, idioms are continually adding over time as well as the changes in culture Every language learner, if he wishes to develop the ability to translate English and to improve his language competence, should be fully aware of idiomatic expressions always included in native speakers’ speech The thesis author interests in that aspect came from some conversations with American people in business The conversation was pretty hard as two American people continuously used idioms in their speech At the beginning of a negotiation, an American said: “Let’s put everything on the table.” The interpreter almost became speechless until the American paraphrased “I mean discussing our ideas together.” In addition to that, the conversation between them filled with various phrases such as “win-win situation,” “opened the door,” “went through it,” “the cream of the crop.” The researcher realized that American English phrases are frequently used in business conversations However, it was surprising when most of K40 English linguistic students who major in translation did not have much knowledge about that field It got the researcher to wonder why native speakers use these expressions Where these phrases come from? How could translator acquire these idioms and translate them into Vietnamese? The thesis author will find out the answers to all these questions in this thesis by investigating and searching information from different sources There have been some writers who have investigated numerous translation strategies to cope with the complexity involved in the translation of idioms According to Mona Baker (1992), there are four most common strategies used to translate idioms while Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) classify into seven methods by analyzing stylistic in both French and English texts To systematize this concept, they divided seven translation strategies into two procedures with distinct categories: direct translation and oblique translation Nguyen Thi Kim Lan and a group of lectures (2011) in their studies of common negotiation idioms have published one hundred eighteen translated English business idioms into Vietnamese They have also explained the origins and give examples of these idioms On the one hand, there may be good reasons why learners of English might find business idioms are a useful and essential contribution to grasp their linguistic acquisition First of all, this aspect of linguistic belongs to the new linguistic branch which has recently appealed considerable attention to English researchers in particular how learners remember and use in their contexts (Tran, 2013) Secondly, ambiguity may easily be a lack of awareness of knowledge in idiom branch as well as their usages English idioms in business not always make sense As a result, learners should familiarize themselves with the meanings of each one It is not easy tasks, especially for non-native speakers who wish to make good use of common idioms in business and translate them as precisely as possible what speakers try to convey If English idioms in business can efficiently transfer, then the boundaries between speakers will narrow down, which have positive impacts on many business conversations On the other hand, Vietnam has been attracting numerous oversea companies and organizations to come and invest There are more and more foreigners using English as means of communication at work Hence; It is economically essential for Vietnamese translators in general and students who major in English linguistics, in particular, to understand and interpret some common business idioms in English into Vietnamese equivalently at most In this scenario, Gordon expresses social recognition as well as congratulate Bretton and his company on success in the stock exchange market Bretton responds that he and his company are beneficial from a few “bull market.” In other words, his company has made a lot of money from “bull market.” Thus, this expression shows the positive tendency in the market In fact, the idiomatic expression “bull market” characterized by rising prices for stocks From analyzing the context as well as perceiving the idiom meaning, the study submits the translation as follow Gordon: Xin chúc mừng Brett Tôi hiểu anh vất vả nhường để Brettom: Bây tên Betton Đây nhờ hưởng lợi từ lần thị trường liên tục tăng giá Có thơi It is evident that the idiom “bull market” has been reformed and substituted when it was interpreted into Vietnamese The symbolic word “bull” has been changed into “tăng giá” which function as a verb in the target language instead of the noun in the source In contrast to the business idiom “bull market,” the study discovers “bear market” idiom in an article Is the Bear Market Here Yet? (Loder, 2018) The writer addresses “The stock market’s violent swings in recent days have investors wondering anew when the nine-year bull market will finally turn bear market.” Normally, the translation result could be “Sự biến động mạnh mẽ thị trường chứng khoán ngày gần khiến nhà đầu tư băn khoăn lần thị trường tăng trưởng liên tục chín năm, cuối biến thị trường giảm.” To make the production in the target language clear and easy to read, the study decides to sacrifice a part of the idiom “bear market” to avoid repetition because the sentence has already mentioned “market” in the previous idiom “bull market.” Based on different techniques in communicative translation, the study recommends “Sự biến động mạnh mẽ thị trường chứng khoán ngày gần khiến nhà đầu tư băn khoăn lần thị trường tăng trưởng liên tục chín năm, cuối rớt giá.” Regarding business idioms related to market, there is another expression “black market” in the example (Brittany, 2018) “What’s selling on the black market now is account information Consumers increasingly use their accounts to access platforms and perform tasks.” Fortunately, the idiom, in this case, can be transferred into the target text without changes in its structure Therefore, the translation becomes “Những 86 mặt hàng bán thị trường chợ đen có thơng tin tài khoản Ngày có nhiều người sử dụng tài khoản để truy cập vào thị trường thực tác vụ” The final business idiom will be shed light on is “captive market” in the article of Fortune Magazine (Walt, 2015) It presents “Chinese manufacturers: China-Iran trade was $44 billion in 2014, but Chinese companies could soon be sharing their captive market with Western competitors.” The idiom “captivate market” is terminology in business called “thị trường bị khống chế.” However, the sense is uncommon and strange to readers As a result, the thesis author has changed the structure of terminology in Vietnamese to a noun phrase “thị trường độc quyền.” Let’s put it back into the sentence; we have “trong năm 2014,thương mại Trung Quốc Iran 44 tỷ đô la, công ty Trung Quốc sớm phải chia sẻ thị trường độc quyền họ với đối thủ phương Tây.” Strategies for translating English business idioms After investigating and applying the communicative translation to translate business idioms, the thesis author realizes five main strategies in translating English idioms in business First of all, there are six techniques in the communicative translation to render the message from the source language to the target language They include: Reformation: is applied in many previous circumstances Many English business idioms have been changed and modified in their meanings and structures Most business idioms not have syntactic equivalence in Vietnamese As a result, it is necessary for translators sometimes to divide and reform expressions so that they can be perceived easily As preceding illustration, the idiom “on the ropes” is translated into “đánh bại” or “đón nhận thất bại đau đớn” in the example “Apple has Samsung on the ropes like never before in the recent memory." It is obvious that the syntactic functions of the idiom have been changed from an adverb into a verb, so the translated result in the target language becomes more natural and comprehensive for readers "một việc chưa xảy ghi nhận gần việc Apple đánh bại Samsung." Considering another example of the idiom "the first raindrop in the mother of all storms," the idiom was presented in the conversation between Jacob and his friend after they went back from the club He mentioned the home loan default as the first signal problem coming in the financial sector It will not be a matter as long as the translators understand the semantic content of the expression Based on the 87 provided co-text, the thesis author recommends an appropriate translation "các vụ vỡ nợ vay mua nhà dấu hiệu cho khủng hoảng tài diễn mà thơi” by adopting reformation strategies This translation is produced according to communicative functions which approach toward the recipients However, if the translators not modify the semantic content, the idiom can be translated as “các vụ vay mua nhà vỡ nợ giọt nước đầu tiền cho bão điên cuồng ập tới." Using terminologies: Vietnam is a developing country, so there are many business sectors which are still new to local people There need to be many adequate expressions to represent terminologies to guarantee the accurate meaning such as bluechip, black market, and bull market In the movies "the Wolf of the Wall Street," Jordan Belford came into an investment company that operates out of the strip mall He talked to Dwayne about the investment company operation and what they sold Jordan asked why they did not have a computer Dwayne said they sold penny stocks which were listed in on a pink handout Jordan did not seem aware that penny stock was stock that was sold on the open market As Dwayne explained penny stocks to Jordan, he recognized the value difference in sales commision of his blue-chip stocks versus the penny stocks Penny stocks were 50% commision while blue-chip stocks were only 1% Mike: Jordan, what you get on that blue-chip stock down there? Jordan: I made percent, or I did make percent Mike: Pink sheet is 50 It is obvious that the phrase “blue chip” is mentioned as an idiom in the dialogue because the ambiguous meaning of the expression becomes a stumbling block for a translator Therefore, having a qualified translation in the target language requires translators to grasp the exact denotation After having a close look into co-text, the terminologies reveal the penny stock value is lower than the blue-chip one Thus, the blue-chip, in this case, is perceived as a kind of stock To have an adequate understanding, cultural aspects must be considered because this expression is derived from the currency exchanges when playing poker at casinos In particular, the chips are for the plastic card currency exchange value is dependent on the color is green, red, and yellow, white Normally, the blue card has the highest conversion value and denotes a large amount of money As a result, the blue-chip represents a very highpriced quality stock at the market From this acknowledgment and application of using 88 terminology, the researcher offers an appropriate translation “cổ phiếu thượng hạng” which is prominent among stock market in Vietnam Cultural substitution: Even though English and Vietnamese share some similarities in linguistics, they are still big gaps between the two cultures The problem here is that business idioms intensively reflect the customs and traditions in many English speaking countries, which can be strange and uncommon in Vietnam In these cases, cultural substitution appears to alternate foreignized elements to domesticized factors In the negotiation between Jordan and his client, Jordan said “in this case of Aerodyne base on these technical factors out there, John We are looking at a grand slam home run” The idiom “grand slam home run” operates in baseball which is alien to Vietnamese culture It would be impossible to find out the accurate term as the term “grand slam home run” sound strange to Vietnamese people From cultural perspectives, a grand slam home run happens when a batter hits a ball out of the field so their partners can run home safely at the last minute of the match By doing that, the team will go ahead of their opponents and win the match In this case, this sense is forced to lose to guarantee the nature and clear outcome to the target language recipients Here, communicative translation serves as an efficient way to reach communicative function in translation The idiom can be transferred as “trong trường hợp Aerotyne với tất kinh nghiệm chun mơn mình, John Chúng ta hướng đến thương vụ cực lớn đó” instead of “giải vơ địch nhà nghề Gland Slam” like the website studyphim recommends Addition: Under certain circumstances, the translator has to insert and add words in translating idioms so that the translation process is not only the linguistic transferring but also assure recipients’ understanding The idiom “red tape” in the example “Where does it take an average of 694 days to clear government red tape and get a company off the ground?” (May, 2010) is a good example for it, by communicative translation the thesis author also added the phrases "thủ tục hành rườm rà” to make the message clearer in the target language The translation can be “Đất nước dành gần hai năm để đẩy lùi tệ quan liêu tháo gỡ thủ tục hành rườm rà, từ giúp doanh nghiệp vào hoạt động sinh lợi nhuận?” In another example of sport-related business idiom, the study presents additional strategies It is "the ball is in your court.” This idiom is presented in the Wall Street Journal (Chen, 2017) In the advertisement article, the writer jotted down “Homes That Put the Ball in Your Court.” This idiom occurs in tennis It is your turn when the ball 89 is in your yard The idiom means it is your decision With this recognition, the study recommends the translation “Những nhà cho định thông minh bạn.” In this translation, the thesis author has already added the words “thông minh” to make it sounds natural This is because of the nature of the article The writer not only wants customers to buy the house but also makes them “feel good” and satisfied with their decision From understanding these implies, the thesis author has decided to apply an additional technique from communicative translation Deletion: This technique is applied to avoid repetition in translation because the terminologies around sentences sometimes are a synonym of the idiom The idiom “bear market” in an article Is the Bear Market Here Yet? (Loder, 2018) is a typical example of this strategy The writer addresses "The stock market’s violent swings in recent days have investors wondering anew when the nine-year bull market will finally turn bear market.” Normally, the translation result could be “Sự biến động mạnh mẽ thị trường chứng khoán ngày gần khiến nhà đầu tư băn khoăn lần thị trường tăng trưởng liên tục chín năm, cuối biến thị trường giảm.”To make the production in the target language clear and easy to read, the translator decides to sacrifice a part of the idiom “bear market” to avoid repetition because the sentence has already mentioned “market” in the previous idiom “bull market.” Based on different techniques in communicative translation, the study recommends “Sự biến động mạnh mẽ thị trường chứng khoán ngày gần khiến nhà đầu tư băn khoăn lần thị trường tăng trưởng liên tục chín năm, cuối rớt giá.” Reordering: Sometimes, the position of business idioms has probably to be changed as the requirements of the target language system, so that the messages conveyed in the target language become fluent and smooth In food-related business idiom, The Fox Business host fulminated about a recently released Pew study which showed that women were the sole or primary breadwinners in four out of ten households with children The idiom “breadwinners” is similar to “bring the meat to the table” and “bring home the bacon,” but it differs in function In this case, “breadwinner” functions as a noun in the sentence Therefore, the thesis author will attempt to render the syntactic features as exactly as possible besides the semantic content The study recommends “Theo nghiên cứu gần FOXBusiness 10 gia đình có gia đình mà phụ nữ lao động chính” By applying communicative translation, the translator has changed the position of the idiom and put it at the end of the sentence 90 Secondly, the technique mentioned above in communicative translation does not work separately In contrast, they are coordinated together in translation process to support and contribute to the ultimate goal of communicative functions In many situations, communicative translation needs to associate with other methods like semantic and literal translation to assure that the sense in the source language is fully rendered like the example of idiom "game plan." Regarding "cover all bases." In another example, the sport-related idiom “cover all bases” was dropped down in Business times When Hawsons writer set up the title of the article, she asked: “Business protection - have you covered all the bases?” With the cognition of semantic content, the translator can transfer immediately without analyzing the context “Bảo vệ công việc kinh doanh- Bạn sẵn sàng cho tất cả?” This translation has applied the substitution strategies because the word “covers” and “bases” have been replaced by “face up with” and “everything.” However, if the thesis author provided this example with the context when Hawson tried to capture the attention from readers to two kinds of insurance for business, the translation will be different “giải pháp đảm bảo cho công việc kinh doanh bạn tình khó khăn.” This translation conveys clearer information and more comprehensive to readers because the writer did not intend to ask the question, but recommended two business insurances It is obvious that the thesis author has adopted more than three techniques in communicative translation to represent information for readers Reformation is the first technique applied because the thesis author has perceived that the article writer wants to advertise the service, not investigating by asking a question Later, the modification has been embraced in this scenario to avoid repetition in the target language, so the word “đảm bảo” results from “protection” and “cover.” Lastly, substitution plays an important role in rendering the meaning of the original text, as it helps translator transfer the figurative meanings “bases” into “mọi tình khó khăn.” Thirdly, if some business idioms have non-equivalence in Vietnamese, translators should not try to re-express the original text Instead, he can use time and efforts to seek for the expressions in the Vietnamese language which are natural, clear and comprehensive to recipients like the idiom “the Grand Slam home run." Fourthly, context and co-text are significant for translation They help translators to constrain unnecessary translation versions and provide clues and suggestions in 91 formulating information in the target language In top 50 business movies, Wall Street: Money never sleeps is a well-known film which revolves around 2008 financial crisis In the investigating process, the thesis author has recognized tremendous idioms used in business communication Following this section, some of the common business idioms in this movie are going to be analyzed In the conference, Jacob and his colleague argued about the investment in Equatorial Guniea Jacob: I don’t think it’s a risk our desk should be taking right now His colleague: Wait? Wait? For what? Your beam me up, Scotty hydrogen fusion deal? Jacob: Now you are talking about something else It’s United Fusion Corporation, Stan Come on its apples and oranges There are three figurative expressions in this conversation including “desk, beam me up, and apples and oranges.” These are established in the conversation with different intentions from the scriptwriter When Jacob mentioned that his desk would take the risk if his company invested in Equatorial Guniea, he tried to imply about his company, not the desk Therefore, the word “desk” is used with another meaning from its lexicon It becomes more difficult for translators to grasp the semantic content of the second idiom “beam me up” because it is perceived differently compared to its normal meaning of “get me out of here.” Jacob’s colleague used the phrase as an adjective of futuristic According to his colleague, the idiom means a way of future and more risk to invest here than Equatorial Gunie In this case, the thesis author elects the communicative translation to transfer the message of Jacob’s colleague into the target language so that more and more audience can catch the implication from the source language Therefore, after analyzing the process, the thesis author proposes the translation “Đợi? đợi gì? Cái ý tưởng giời cậu việc đầu tư vào công ty nhiệt hidro gì.” The last idiom in the argument is not difficult to interpret as the context provides a clue There were two companies presented there Therefore, Jacob immediately grasps the implication from his colleague According to his response, his colleague has been turned into another deal which is irrelevant in that discussion As a result, he used the idiom “apples and oranges” to point out his colleague comparison is out of the point In term of cultural aspects, it seems everybody knows the difference between apples and oranges is obvious To recapitulate these assessments above, the researcher would like to apply the addition technique as well as communicative translation to transfer the idiom as “bây anh lại nói đến vấn đề hồn tồn khác Đó cơng ty cổ phần lượng, Stan Thôi nào, hai chuyện hoàn toàn khác mà.” 92 Finally, although the thesis author recommends some business idioms translation above, there are still many other appropriate translation versions It can, therefore, be said that there is no final translation The message in the target language depends on the recipients' comprehension as well as translators' perspectives Sometimes, interpretation has to sacrifice certain equivalences to gain other requirements 93 CONCLUSION Summary of the study Besides some fundamental backgrounds in idioms and translation, the study has pointed out some new features in English business idioms and ways to translate them into Vietnamese 1.1 The study has given some descriptions about English business idioms Before defining business idioms, the thesis author attempts to have a close look at business discourse and how it distinct from others By doing that, it is determined that idioms used in business context are called business idioms Following this, business idioms are also investigated to set down some specific features like social and stylistic At the same time, the study classifies business idioms into five main groups based on their lexicon 1.2 Challenges in translating English business idioms Together with Baker (2011) studies in difficulties of translating idioms, the study adds four more challenges in business idioms translation They are problems of ambiguity, lexical differences, semantic and syntactic variations, and cultural barriers These problems are inevitable in the business idiom translation process If translators recognize these issues, they will attempt to overcome these obstacles and satisfy the translation requirement 1.3 Effects from context on English business idioms translation The thesis author has found out the differences in rendering original message in contexts and individual sentences Therefore, the last section has been divided into two different degrees of level These examples are selected from well- known and prestige news, journal and movies in business The study concludes that setting affects significantly in the translated versions It not only helps translators to limit the variation but also becomes useful information to give them clues of idiom meanings 1.4 Some essential phases of translating English business idioms The thesis author realized the significances of preparation in business idiom translation As a result, the study has suggested some initial steps to translators before they start translating 94 1.5 Recommendation of over fifty translated business idioms in context Over fifty translated suggestions are presented and explained delicately in chapter Each idiom examines and evaluates based on not only linguistic features but also external factors like context, co-text, participants, etc 1.6 Suggestions of six practical and useful strategies in business idioms translation Each strategy is explained and described in details along with strong example demonstration above They are including reformation, addition, using terminologies, deletion, cultural substitution and reordering These strategies are coordinated together; they support for the message rendering in the target language 1.7 Demonstrating communicative translation is productive, constructive and practical in most cases of business idioms translation The thesis author demonstrates merits of communicative translation by analyzing and transferring business idiom in various scenarios as well as set out some reasons for using this translation method Suggestions for further studies Translating business idioms is a tough job It requires translators to have wide range of knowledge in business and economy However, the thesis author can not fully analyze business idioms adequately and carefully due to limited time and a sources of documents Furthermore, the categories of expressions based on lexicon are only one type of classification There are a lot of other criteria to set up different groups of business idioms For example, they can be classified based on pragmatic functions and syntactic features Consequently, the thesis author recommends further studies with their focus on other directions of examining business idioms Regarding business idioms classification, the next investigations should concentrate on the pragmatic to select them into different groups For example, there are may be groups of business idioms for negotiation, sale, finance, etc Regarding the scope of the study, I hope that the researcher has chances to investigate in realistic situations as well as in the movies Considering methods and strategies, the researcher believes that there are still many other ways and strategies in translating business idioms Therefore, other methods like paraphrasing, dynamic equivalence, and semantic translation should be taken into account 95 REFERENCES A Study of Selected English Business Idioms (2016) Hanna Atcheson, 27-30 Irujo, S (1986) Don't Put Your Leg in Your Mouth: Transfer in the Acquisition of Idioms in a Second Language Wiley Online Library, 20 D W (1979) Word abuse: how the words we use use us New York Baker, M (1992) In Other Words, a course book on translation London: Routledge Bargiela-Chiappini, F (2009) Introduction: Business Discourse Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Bassnett, S (2002) Translation Studies London: Routledge Buchanan, Joan L.; 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TTR : Traduction, Terminologie Rédaction , Serebryakova-Collins, I (1998) Here's a Twist: Talk about Translation Business Communication Quarterly, Simon (2006) The Tetrarchy: policy and image as reflected in imperial pronouncements Boschung, Dietrich Stecova, K (2016) A Study of Selected English Business Idioms Tomas Bata University In Zlin Tran, H Q (2013) An Explorative Study of Idiom Teaching for Pre-service Teachers of English English Language Teaching , Vol 5, No 12 99 Vinogradov (1977) The main understanding of Russian phraseology as a linguistic discipline Мoscow: Science Some websites for business idioms investiagtion https://www.businessenglishpod.com/about/ https://www.wsj.com/asia https://www.foxbusiness.com/ http://fortune.com/ https://www.theregister.co.uk/ https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/?t=1525760325 https://downloads.zdnet.com/product/20420-77597318/ http://www.vir.com.vn/ 100 ... = = == = = VU THI HANH COMMON ENGLISH BUSINESS IDIOMS AND WAYS TO TRANSLATE THEM INTO VIETNAMESE (THÀNH NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG TRONG KINH DOANH VÀ CÁCH DỊCH RA TIẾNG VIỆT) Field: English... English business idioms and ways to translate them into Vietnamese (Thành ngữ tiếng Anh thông dụng kinh doanh cách dịch sang tiếng Việt) has not been copied from any other person’s work without acknowledgments... originally done by myself under my supervisor’s instructions Date submitted: May 2018 Student Vu Thi Hanh Supervisor Do Tien Duc ii ABSTRACT English business idioms have become prevalent these days