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Name: Nguyen Huu Dung ID: 1353091031 FINAL REPORT Summary: ”Forests and Floods, drowning in fictions or thriving on facts” After reading report , as far you known on the facts from Asia floods consequences that in the report’s according to be 46,000 people affected by flood in China (2004) , 3.5 million people in Cambodia and million people from Vietnam in 2000 and Bangladesh and India are and 30 million respectively In addition, floods impacts on socio-economic of countries in Asia, the flood in Cambodia and Vietnam damaged up to US$145 million and US$285 million respectively…etc Disastrous floods was mentioned in many debates by its consequences for millions of people each year and floods was become a political issue By rushed of the official, they rushed in finding immediate reasons and also solutions in short-term It has lacked of the outwardness from another factors Almost of people has strong belief that forests can prevent and reduce the effect from floods, this one come true because we could not deny that role from forests But when they said that flood happened “only or almost” cause by deforestation and degraded of forests It comes wrong The report also mentioned about those “ knowledge” mostly based on wrong logical, or a “myth” in report , simple awareness with a complex issues It seem likely that not preferred to science more So it was wrong from whole methods and methodology by extrapolating with inter-relationship by observation between quite different from each other conditions and characteristics but with same conclusions The wrong thing here is with jute or deep water aman rice in Bangladesh that they need seasonal flooding One question that what happen whether without floods each year? So wrong thing which I mentioned about was : we deny all of roles from floods or seasonal floods, we just drawn whole our consequences from floods, how much money? , how many people died? It is not fair and lack of outwardness with floods In distinguishing the fact from fiction The author indicated that: “Hamilton (1985) has characterised this situation as ‘The Ms: myth, misunderstanding, misinterpretation, and misinformation” The author mentioned about reason why it come wrong and misunderstanding Because of belief and knowledge of people or whole foresters and officials denied scientific frameworks One more reason is generalizations of knowledge that inter-relationship between hydrological process and forests It not appropriate on facts Cause by misunderstanding by many sources such as articles, newspapers, websites…which is more easier in approach to people while not sure in generalizations and lack of outwardness It lead to misunderstand from readers and listeners In this report, author also mentioned about “sponge theory” although this theory was not recognized but so many people included by foresters agrees So an example for the sponge theory is Himalayan sponge (Myers 1986), it seem likely exaggerated when describe about roles of forest: “swollen during the wet season” and “soaking up abundant rainfall and storing it before releasing it in regular amounts over an extended period” I did not deny forest roles but he was amplifying the role of forests much Other side in order to attack to theory that forest increased the base flows in dry season Because almost water infiltrated was back to plants So with another studies show that main factors impacts on and lead to increase flood events based on rainfall and geomorphology (Bruijnzeel 1990, 2004; Calder 2000; Hamilton with King 1983; Kattelmann 1987) such as elevation, slopes, soil types,…etc It is almost same with reduce the stream flow and prevent floods, the author give some disadvantages of forests in reduce erosion and sedimentation, cause by detachment from natural forests compare with another types of cover land which give more advantage than forests by use less water, indirectly increase flows in dry season The author also indicated that some factors such as grazing, make road in exploitation… etc In addition, author show the aspect that same with reduce stream flows and erosion that did not based on forest cover, most based on topographic, local climate, and geographical characteristics About aspect that impacts of scale on flooding and frequency of floods, the author also identified that whole of scale and frequency of floods did not affected by forests by anyway, floods still happened when forests developed normally It can be affected by climatic process more such as cyclical warm ocean currents About Perceptions of the destructive power and severity of floods, the author recognized that the flooding can be more seriously damage to people cause by urbanization lead to land compaction decreased infiltrated ability with the inefficient water-drainage systems was not good enough to control and reduce consequences of floods So people exacerbated the problems caused by floods and the media development report immediately information about accidents than previous time and the journalist want to readers focusing on it, journalist may use much shocking data, exaggerated information About efficient management method, we need to combine both of uplands and lowlands, in natural method not against them, we need to seek solutions for uplands for reducing floods and reduce damages in lowlands for adapt with flooding in future, this approach method need to integrate with uplands land use management plans It considered socio-economic of local communities living in both of watershed and river basins This method need to base on own natural conditions of local, land use characteristics of country, states, and also depended on scientific order logical was recognized , not myth or sponge theory The order logical which I mentioned: specific objectives which we need to archive, not aim we hope to get; planning based on objectives and suitable with land use and policies of local; implementation need to implemented for truly plans taken; closely monitored interventions and policies for changing them whether to be adverse effectiveness; regularly evaluation adapted to novelty from another research or people need The author focused on central ideas means key directions to archive objectives: base on efficient management in watershed, floodplain and also based on those objectives and land use characteristics, local natural resources to take suitable policy decisions In watershed management, author taken some main point that we should classify and make planning for land use, develop socio-economic for local people to come true sustainable development It could be encouraged behavior of local benefits to watershed by roles of watershed in water supply and benefit about money for their behavior And the floodplain management, we need to know that we just could be adapted and reduce, we have never ever denied roles of forests, but we need to know that forests was not seem likely sponge theory With policy decision, we integrated upland and lowlands management comes true sustainable management whole forest management and socio-economic development in buffer zones and watershed, in order to encourage local people from policy give benefits for them Land use planning and integrated approach need to base on local characteristics, and natural resources from watershed areas The author also mentioned about new technology from models in order to reduce affects from harvesting, exploitation, and urbanization impacts on flooding Actually, in my opinion, I think that whole report was given us some truly information about inter-relationship between forests and floods which we came misunderstand about Totally, forests has roles in reduce affects from floods compare with urban areas and another aspects of hydrology that prevent soil erosion, and improve the water quality as water supply But people belief about roles of forests in sponge theory is much more than it could be about frequencies, erosion, stream flows, scales of floods …etc we did not deny roles of forest but journalists show it more bigger than its From those analysis aspects of report, we need to look back to our activities that means exact human make floods come more serious by urbanization, and exploitation, by overgrazing, roads, soil surface compaction etc it was not deforestation or harvesting more From this lesson, we need to look up in scientific and specific which was recognized by many scientists that come true And another aspects that methods for watershed management that we need establish a specific plan for management The plan need to base on local characteristics and natural conditions, each step have to base on objectives which we ought to archive, And we also need a implementation group for check out whole process and also support to techniques, instruments and news updated from another scientific research Moreover, the plan can be improve the policy or fix by policy suitable, it depended on results of research, not myth and sponge theory We ought to have more scientific research in long-term for archive new and outwardness data with truth! ... decision, we integrated upland and lowlands management comes true sustainable management whole forest management and socio-economic development in buffer zones and watershed, in order to encourage... misunderstand about Totally, forests has roles in reduce affects from floods compare with urban areas and another aspects of hydrology that prevent soil erosion, and improve the water quality as water. .. efficient management in watershed, floodplain and also based on those objectives and land use characteristics, local natural resources to take suitable policy decisions In watershed management,