Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Vietnam is one of countries covered lagerly by shrimp farming. In 2013, total seafood production of Vietnam gets 6.5 billion USD, 3 billion USD, accounting to 46% of total export (VIR, 2013; VASEP, 2013). So shrimp farming production is very important to socioeconnomic of Vietnam in general. Moreover in Thai Thuy district, Thai binh province, shrimp farming and local people life has interrelationship in each other. in 2015, shrimp farming production archived 37.000 tons, more than 348 billion VND, increased 15% with 2014 ( VASEP,2013).
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY FOREST RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FACULTY ========================= FIEDWORK REPORT INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT Integrated Mangrove Ecosystem-based Management in Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province NAME: Nguyen Huu Dung ID: 1353091031 Class: L01 Instructors: Dr Hai Hoa Nguyen BA Dang Hoang Vuong (Field Assistance) MA Le Phu Tuan (Field Assistance) INTRODUCTION Vietnam is one of countries covered lagerly by shrimp- farming In 2013, total seafood production of Vietnam gets 6.5 billion USD, billion USD, accounting to 46% of total export (VIR, 2013; VASEP, 2013) So shrimp farming production is very important to socio-econnomic of Vietnam in general Moreover in Thai Thuy district, Thai binh province, shrimp farming and local people life has inter-relationship in each other in 2015, shrimp farming production archived 37.000 tons, more than 348 billion VND, increased 15% with 2014 ( VASEP,2013) However, some big challenges in shrimp farm that fishery have faced The risks of shrimp farming proceed from diseases and natural disaters And we can not deny effectives from the shrimp farming impacts on mangrove forests and from monoculture We can not deny roles of shrimp farming to local's livelihoods Howerver, we did not be clearly known about roles of mangrove forests which protected local people and developed their livelihoods An addition, local people gets many benifits from mangroves which related to some environmental matters With more than 1552.3 hectares area, and 27 km coastal bank, Thai Thuy district was rich in mangrove forest cover In a mangroves ecosytem has rich seafood such as shrimp, crab, fish, mussels, clams Not only that, it is habitat for over 200 aquatic species Mangrove forests are extremely important coastal resources, also socio‐economic development A vast majority of human population in coastal area, and most communities depend on local resources for their livelihoods The mangroves are sources of highly valued commercial products and fishery resources and also as sites for eco‐tourism development with beaches and foods-tourism, etc 2 STUDY GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 2.1 Study goal The report aims to evaluate the local people behaviour on mangrove forests, local people’s livelihoods and their inter-relationship in Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province 2.2 Survey objectives - Collecting data on natural conditions, socio-economic characteristics of local households - Analyze roles of mangrove forests with local people life and effects of shrimp farming to mangroves and local people’s livelihoods in Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province - To propose some solutions to reduce effects from shrimp farming to mangrove forests 2.3 Survey contents - Collecting checked point by GPS on field - Semi-structured data on local people, fisheries, officers 2.4 Methodology 2.4.1 Study site selection Thai Do, Thai Thuong and Thuy Hai commune which located in the buffer zone of local mangrove forests are selected as the study site The reasons to choice these areas are relied on : - Concentrated a lot of shrimp fish, and other mollusks With total area of mangroves is more than 600 ha, the wetland accounted almost areas wwith larger of shrimp farming ponds and total shrimp farm - producions In these commune, local people focus on inshore fishing But they applied to use some advanced and model shrimp farm and exploitation techniques 2.4.2 Collecting data and information - Secondary data : the information about maps and information related from instructor on Arc GIS - Primary data : The semi-structured objects are fisheries, local people in communes : Thai Do, Thai Thuong and Thuy Hai in Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province These interviews make an overview the situation in househoods and their knowlegde about mangroves protection Much of time were used to semi-structured local government staff, local people and fisheries in communes It concentrated to the structure of labors, with 70% of people who are labors in aquaculture, 10% in agriculture, 18% in industry and about % is free labours 1% is other Other problem to develop shrimp farming is total income and output Beside tht, the authority also suported information about the trending of labours, aquaculture activities, and mangroves protection For this method, we came to communes to interviewed that support all documents With a GPS, we checked points and recorded from fieldtrip in mangrove, bare soils, water body, shrimp farming, population, and traffic roads suppoted to primary databases from instructors Table 2.1 Number of local people in activties related o mangroves Activities related to mangroves Number of people Shrimp farm Collecting fuel wood Collecting seafood Grazing Table 2.2 Semi-structured on understanding of local people about mangroves Understanding about the role of mangroves Number of idea Wave defensing Food, fuel wood Sea food increasing No role Table 2.3 Involvement in mangrove management Involvement in mangrove Number of management Planting mangoves Propagandized about the role people and responsibility to protect mangroves Co-management - Data analysis Data from semi-structured and questionnaires were analyzed by using Microsoft Office software- Excel tool RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Natural conditions Geography Area: 256.83 km² Thai Thuy is located in the northeastern part of Thai Binh Province, in the east by the East Sea , in the South and South East by Tien Hai District, in the South West by Kien Xuong District, in the West by Thai Hung District , in the West By Quynh Phu district To the north, Thai Thuy bordered with districts of Hai Phong city are: Vinh Bao district on the north ( Hoa river ), Tien Lang district on the northeast ( Thai Binh section of Thai river) Binh ) Phia Nam district has Tra Ly river flowing along the boundary with Tien Hai district, pouring into Tra Ly In the middle of the district there is the Yen river flowing in the direction of WestEast, pouring into the mouth of the household , dividing the district into two halves roughly equivalent in size Thai Thuy is a coastal district of Thai Binh Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam thai covers an area of 257 km2 This district has population of 256,012 in 2003 The centre of district lies at Diem Dien Thai Thuy wetland is • one of the key wetland sites in the Red River Delta and it Thai Thuy district has 16 km of coastline and is bordered by the Tra Ly river to the south and Thai Binh river to the north • Climate Thai Thuy climate is characteristic of the tropical climate in the north, affected by the monsoon Average temperature in the year from 22 - 24c; Average humidity 86-87%; Average rainfall is 1,788 mm / year Thai Thuy has 1,552.3 of mangroves, which are concentrated in coastal communes, have great effects in the protection of sea dykes, regulate climate and have great value in environmental landscape, Coastal water, alcoholic black tens of hectares is a place to develop marine tourism With the 27th coastline and tens of thousands of square kilometers of territorial sea, there are large rivers annually pouring into the sea a large amount of silt, Thai Thuy waters have a rich marine potential According to data from the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries 1, there are at least 46 species of high economic value in the Thai Thuy seaboard, 10 species of shrimp, species of squid, etc Terrain Coastal plains Song Hoa , Yen Dam , Tra Ly River flows through; There are Thai Binh Gate, Diem Ho Gate, Tra Ly Gate Thai Thuy is located in the deltas deltas of the two big rivers, Thai Binh and Tra Ly, which have a tendency to rise towards the sea with 27 km of coastline, The main rivers are Hoa, Song Diem Ho and Tra Ly The Hoa River flows through the northern part of the district, which is the natural border between Thai Thuy District and Vinh Bao District - Hai Phong to the sea Song Diem Ho flows from west to east divide the district into two zones: North and South, pouring into the sea at Diem Dien Tra Ly River is a tributary of the Red River, runs through the southern part of the district, delimits the boundaries between Thai Thuy district and Tien Hai and Kien Xuong districts, and discharges into the sea at Tra Ly • 3.2 Socioeconomic conditions - Population: 267,012 (2009) - Population density: 1,040 people / km² • Harvested Wild Goods One of the major industries in Thai Thuy is fishing and local people depend on fish from the wetland and the surrounding marine area Shellfish are also harvested from the mudflat area of the wetland • Cultivated Goods Shrimps, fish and also seaweed are cultivated in ponds Clams are cultivated and harvested in the mudflat area Salt is produced by using the sea water but recently the number of people engaged in this activity has reduced due to the difficulty to continue on a commercial basis A small amount of bee honey is also collected by breeding bees in the mangrove for family use • Eco-tourism Eco-tourism such as bird watching and walking in the mudflat has not been developed at Thai Thuy but there is potential to attract tourists Well managed eco-tourism can provide benefits not only for tourists, but also for local people as an income source 4.1 Checked point by GPS on field No 10 11 12 13 14 15 X 20'34.18 20'34.11 20'34.16 20'34.15 20'52.20 20'52.21 20'52.21 20'52.22 20'52.22 20'52.20 20'52.21 20'52.22 20'52.13 20'52.22 20'31.30 Y 106'35.14 106'35.09 106'35.07 106'35.00 106'57.78 106'57.87 106'57.95 106'58.04 106'58.15 106'58.23 106'58.29 106'58.40 106'59.09 106'58.86 106'34.63 Note Shrimp farm Shrimp farm Resident Resident Bareland Mangroves Mangroves Bareland Water body Mangroves Water body Water body Scallop farm New mangrove plantation Mangroves 16 17 20'31.29 106'34.56 7 20'32.00 106'34.35 Resident Shrimp farm Table 3.1 Number of local people in activties related o mangroves Activities related to mangroves Number of people Poor households Non-poor households Shrimp farm Collecting fuel wood Collecting seafood Grazing • 11 5 1 11 Criteria for poor hoseholds : income less than 200,000 VND/ month Randoon in 22 households , totally with 11 housseholds with shrimp farming activities no more poor households in this activities, households is fisheries has no households is poor, family with feed animals with one household is poor And collecting fuel wood is all of household Table 3.2 Interview on understanding of local people about mangroves Understanding about the role of Number of idea mangroves Wave defensing 19 Food, fuel wood Sea food increasing No role • All of people interviewed was known about roles of mangroves More specific with wave defensing is 19 people, food or fuel : people, sea foods is people And especially that no one said that no roles Table 3.3 Involvement in mangrove management Involvement in mangrove management Planting mangoves Propagandized about the role and responsibility to protect mangroves Co-management • Number of people 17 About involvement in mangrove management with totally 24 people, people replantin, 17 people propagandized about the role and responsibility to protect mangroves and no one in co-management 4.1 Household Semi-structured table NO Name Nguyen Job Seafood Age 55 years Address Gender Male Van Thanh aquaculture old Thai Do millions/yea commune r 20 Male Income 100 Nguyen Seafood 45 years Chung aquaculture old millions/yea r Hieu Pham Thi Collecting 56 years Thai Lan Woods old Thuong millions/yea Commune r 40 Female Tran Thi Shrimp 29 years Lan Nursery old millions/yea Seafood 39 years r 30 aquaculture old millions/yea r 50 Ly Thi Ha Female Female Hoang The Shrimp 44 years Male Ngo aquaculture old millions/yea Female r 40 millions/ Female year 50 Female milions/year 60 millions/ Male year 50-70 Nguuyen Shrimp 42 years Thai Thuy aquaculture Shrimp old 39 years commune Thi Van Le Thi Tu Nguyen nursery Shrimp old 26 years 10 Thi Ha Bui Van aquaculture Shrimp old 38 years Thang aquaculture old millions/yea r 11 Nguyen Feeding 29 years Thi Thao Animal old Female millions/yea r 3.1 Discussion 10 3.1.1 Effects of shrimp farming on mangrove forests and local livelihoods By semi-structured interview, the local people’s livelihoods in the buffer region, specifically in communes Thai Do, Thai Thuong, and Thai Thuy has been shown the quantities of mangroves was declined although local people replanted every year In local people’s opinion, they think that mangrove declined by waves and monsoon activities with a higher level It make forest replanted loss In addition, shrimp farming also impacts on mangroves but not much because almost of people known that mangroves protected their living much more than anything Because shrimp farming and extracted seafood was main jobs for hundred years So for a sustainable way to live that protect mangroves Lastly, I think that local need to known more about government’s polices Because almost of local people did not clearly about policy which they need to follow for a true way sustainable 3.1.2 Solutions - The livelihood sources of the household is very benefit to develop economy The research from two communes in Thai Thuy district shows that: a long coastal is favorable for aquaculture development and shrimp farming - The extensive model is the most popular system of shrimp farming On the other hand, the shrimp-industrial method is gained more profit than other, meaning have a lot of investments and challenges of natural disaster - Other problem is that commercial fisheries have difficulty to sell products instability, often being forced by trades - The solutions and government policy should therefore focus on resolving the relationship between the conservation and protection of mangroves and improving livelihood of local people 11 GENERAL CONCLUSSION AND FURTHER STUDY 4.1.Conclusion - The livelihood sources of the household is very benefit to develop economy The research from two communes in Thai Thuy district shows that: a long coastal is favorable for aquaculture development and shrimp farming - The extensive model is the most popular system of shrimp farming On the other hand, the shrimp-industrial method is gained more profit than other, meaning have a lot of investments and challenges of natural disaster - Other problem is that commercial fisheries have difficulty to sell products instability, often being forced by trades - The solutions and government policy should therefore focus on resolving the relationship between the conservation and protection of mangroves and improving livelihood of local people - Report’s limitation is without detailed data for mangroves loss, aquatic life, another issues such as water pollution, environment pollution cause by time limited of field trip 4.2 Further study From the limitation of report some research further can be applied some information about local people life, their livelihoods, and also trending of job in future Another authors can be released that some solutions for further models to resolve those issues which Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province such as water pollution, effects of fishing ishore,etc 12 REFERENCES Phan Nguyen Hong and Quan Thi Quynh Dao (Eds.), 2006 Proceedings of the Workshop on Role of Mangrove and Coral Reef Ecosystems in Natural Disaster Mitigation and Coastal Life Improvement Hanoi, 08-10/10/2005 Magrove Ecosystem Research Division (MERD) (Centre for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies - CRES)/IUCN Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi: 385 pages Phan Nguyen Hong (Ed.), 2004 Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River Coastal Zone: Biodiversity, Eology, Scio-economics, Management and Education Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi: 513 pages Phan Nguyen Hong and Quan Thi Quynh Dao (Eds.), 2004 The Role of Mangrove and Coral Reef Ecosystems in Natural Disaster Mitigation and Coastal Life Improvement Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, 2004: 385 pages Phan Nguyen Hong and Quan Thi Quynh Dao (Eds.), 2004 Proceedings of Mangrove Ecosystem Research Centre (MERC)/DRC Scientific Workshop: Applied Scientific Researches and Awareness Raising Activities for Ptotection and Improvement of the Mangrove Ecosystem in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Provinces Nam Dinh Province, 20-21/12/2003 MERC/DRC, Hanoi FIELD PHOTOS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20