Nghiên cứu phương pháp quan trắc sinh học trong đánh giá chất lượng nước trên tuyến sông hậu sử dụng động vật không xương sống cỡ lớn

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC CN TH NGUYN TH KIM LIấN NGHIấN CU PHNG PHP QUAN TRC SINH HC TRONG NH GI CHT LNG NC TRấN TUYN SễNG HU S DNG NG VT KHễNG XNG SNG C LN LUN N TIN S NGNH NUễI TRNG THU SN CN TH - 2017 B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC CN TH NGUYN TH KIM LIấN NGHIấN CU PHNG PHP QUAN TRC SINH HC TRONG NH GI CHT LNG NC TRấN TUYN SễNG HU S DNG NG VT KHễNG XNG SNG C LN CHUYấN NGNH: NUễI TRNG THU SN M S: 62 62 03 01 LUN N TIN S THU SN CN TH 2017 LI CM T Xin chõn thnh cỏm n PGs Ts V Ngc t ó tn tỡnh hng dn, úng gúp ý kin nhm a cỏc phng hng phõn tớch s liu, tho lun kt qu v giỳp tụi sut thi gian thc hin lun ỏn ny Tỏc gi xin gi li cỏm n sõu sc n PGs Ts Trng Quc Phỳ ó gúp ý v cung cp cỏc ti liu tham kho b ớch giỳp tụi tỡm nhng hng i ỳng n quỏ trỡnh thc hin nghiờn cu ny Bờn cnh ú, tỏc gi cng mong mun gi li tri õn n Cụ Dng Th Hong Oanh ó thng xuyờn giỳp , ng viờn v úng gúp ý kin quớ bỏu tụi vt qua nhng khú khn thi gian thc hin ti Ngoi ra, tỏc gi cng chõn thnh cỏm n n th cỏn b B mụn Thy sinh hc ng dng, Khoa Thy sn, Trng i hc Cn Th ó to iu kin tt nht tụi cú y cỏc trang thit b thu mu v phõn tớch mu cng nh sp xp cỏc cụng vic chuyờn mụn phự hp tụi cú thi gian hon thnh lun ỏn ỳng hn Xin gi li cỏm n chõn thnh n cỏc em sinh viờn thuc cỏc lp Nuụi trng thy sn K36, lp liờn thụng nuụi trng thy sn K37, lp cao hc K19 ó khụng ngi khú khn dự tri nng nh la cng nh nhng lỳc ma dm, ụi tri tr rột cựng tụi tham gia cỏc t thu thp mu v phõn tớch mu nhm ghi nhn c cỏc kt qu nghiờn cu mt cỏch tt nht Cui cựng l li cỏm n n tt c cỏc thnh viờn gia ỡnh ó ng viờn tinh thn v to iu kin thun li tụi hon thnh chng trỡnh hc nghiờn cu sinh Xin cỏm n! Tỏc gi Nguyn Th Kim Liờn i TểM TT Mc tiờu ca nghiờn cu l xỏc nh hin trng cht lng nc, c im mụi trng sng v tớnh a dng thnh phn VKXSCL nhm phỏt trin phng phỏp quan trc sinh hc ỏnh giỏ cht lng nc trờn sụng Hu Nghiờn cu c thc hin qua vic thu mu vo thi im nm bao gm ma (thỏng 6/2013 v thỏng 9/2013) v khụ (thỏng 12/2013 v 3/2014) ti 14 im trờn sụng chớnh (u ngun, gia ngun v cui ngun) v 22 im trờn sụng nhỏnh, ni chu tỏc ng bi cỏc hot ng sn xut nụng nghip (nhúm TV1), nuụi trng thy sn-giỏn tip (nhúm TV2), nuụi trng thy sn-trc tip (nhúm TV3) v sinh hot ca dõn c (nhúm TV4) Cỏc ch tiờu thu mu bao gm cỏc thụng s cht lng nc v thnh phn VKXSCL Cht lng nc c ỏnh giỏ qua phõn tớch PCA v ch s WQI Thnh phn VKXSCL c phõn tớch theo cỏc ch s sinh hc nh ch s a dng Shannon-Weaver, Margalef v Shimpson v xõy dng h thng tớnh im trờn c s h thng BMWPVIET Kt qu cho thy hu ht cỏc v trớ thu mu c v TSS vo ma cao hn khụ; hm lng DO gia cỏc khu vc bin ng ln (1,76-7,96 mg/L); hm lng cỏc cht dinh dng (TAN, N-NO3-, TN, P-PO43-, TP) v vt cht hu c (COD v TOM ) vo khụ cao hn ma Kt qu phõn tớch PCA cho thy cú qui lut bin ng chung ca mt s thụng s cht lng nc khu vc nghiờn cu Hm lng vt cht l lng t giỏ tr cao vo ma, hm lng dinh dng v vt cht hu c cú giỏ tr cao nht vo khụ Ch s WQI bin ng tng i ln gia cỏc v trớ thu mu v dao ng t 17,3-61,4 tng ng vi cht lng nc t ụ nhim nh n ụ nhim nng Nhỡn chung, cht lng nc trờn sụng Hu khỏ giu dinh dng, c bit cỏc khu vc b nh hng bi hot ng nuụi trng thy sn v sn xut nụng nghip Tng cng cú 95 loi ng vt ỏy c phỏt hin thuc nhúm, ú Gastropoda cú thnh phn loi phong phỳ nht vi 42 loi (45%), k n l Bivalvia cú 25 loi (26%), cỏc nhúm cũn li cú s loi thp hn v bin ng t 1-9 loi (1-9%) Cú s tng ng rt cao (ch s tng ng t 0,81-0,89) v thnh phn loi ng vt ỏy gia sụng chớnh v sụng nhỏnh thuc tuyn sụng Hu Trờn sụng chớnh, vựng u ngun (61 loi) v gia ngun (58 loi) cú thnh phn loi phong phỳ hn so vi vựng cui ngun (44 loi) Mt ng vt ỏy trung bỡnh trờn sụng chớnh cú xu hng gim dn t vựng u ngun (1.312905 ct/m2), gia ngun (629668 ct/m2) n cui ngun (327372 ct/m2) Trờn sụng nhỏnh, nhúm TV1 v nhúm TV4 cú tng s loi ng vt ỏy cao hn cỏc nhúm thy vc khỏc Ngc li, nhúm TV3 t mt cao nht qua cỏc t kho sỏt Tng s loi ng vt ỏy ghi nhn c ti ii cỏc nhúm TV1, TV2, TV3 v TV4 ln lt l 58 loi, 46 loi, 46 loi v 80 loi Hu ht cỏc nhúm thy vc u cú s loi ng vt ỏy tng cao nht vo t Kt qu phõn tớch PCA cho thy mt ca Oligochaeta, Malacostraca v Insecta vo khụ cao hn ma th hin mc ụ nhim hu c tng lờn khụ Polychaeta v Hirudinea cú xu hng t mt cao vo t 2, t v thp vo t 1, t Ngc li, Gastropoda cú qui lut bin ng t mt cao vo t v t v t mt thp vo t v t Trong ú Bivalvia xut hin thng xuyờn ti cỏc v trớ thu mu nhng s bin ng mt ca chỳng khụng theo qui lut nht nh Cỏc ch s a dng Shannon-Weaver v Margalef sụng chớnh luụn thp hn sụng nhỏnh qua cỏc giai on kho sỏt cho thy sụng nhỏnh cú thnh phn loi a dng hn sụng chớnh, nhiờn s khỏc bit ny khụng cú ý ngha (p>0,05) Nghiờn cu ó phỏt hin 66 h VKXSCL khu vc kho sỏt, ú cú 42 h cú h thng im BMWPVIET v 24 h khụng cú BMWPVIET Da trờn c tớnh phõn b, iu kin mụi trng sng v giỏ tr chu ng ụ nhim ca cỏc h VKXSCL ó c thit lp, nghiờn cu ó b sung c 24 h phõn b khu vc sụng Hu vo h thng im BMWPVIET ng dng cho lu vc sụng Hu Nh vy, vic ỏnh giỏ cht lng nc bng phng phỏp sinh hc s dng ch s ASPT cú s tng ng cao hn (89%) ch s u th Berger-Parker (69%) v ch s a dng Shannon-Weaver (79%) so sỏnh vi phng phỏp ỏnh giỏ cht lng nc bng phng phỏp lý, húa hc T khúa: Cht lng nc, VKXSCL, mt , cỏc ch s a dng, BMWPVIET, ASPT iii ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the current status of water quality, habitat characteristics and biodiversity of the macroinvertebrates in order to develop a biological monitoring methodology for water quality assessment in the Hau River The study was implemented by sampling water quality parameters and macroinvertebrates Sampling was conducted times in the rainy season (June, 2013 and September, 2013) and dry season (December, 2013 and May, 2014) at 14 sites on the mainstream (upstream, middle stream and dowstream) and at 22 sites on the tributaries (sites impacted by agriculture activities (system 1), by indirect aquaculture (system 2), direct aquaculture (system 3) and human activities (system 4) Water quality was assessed based on PCA analysis and water quality index (WQI) The macroinvertebrates composition was analyzed using diversity indices such as Shannon-Weaver, Margalef and Simpson The results showed that turbidity and TSS concentration in the rainy season was higher than that in the dry season in most sampling locations; DO concentration was highly variable, ranging from 1.76-7.96 mg.L-1; the concentrations of nutrients (TAN, N-NO3-, TN, P-PO43-, TP) and organic matter (COD, TOM) in the dry season were higher than those in the rainy season The results of PCA analysis showed that there was a common trend of variation in water quality in the study area TSS reached a peak in the rainy season, while nutrient and organic matter contents were highest in the dry season WQI varied significantly among sampling locations ranging from 17.3 to 61.4 which indicated the water quality was lighly polluted to heavily polluted, respectively In general, water quality on the Hau River is reletaively eutrophic, especially in the areas affected by aquaculture and agriculture activities A total of 95 species of macroinvertebrates were found in the study area belonging to seven groups, in which Gastropoda was the most abundant with 42 species (45%), followed by Bivalvia with 25 species (26%) The other groups contained lower number of species, from 1-9 (1-9%) There was a high similarity (similarity index from 0.81 to 0.89) on macroinvertebrates composition between the mainstream and tributaries of the Hau River On mainstream, the upstream (61 species) and midstream (58 species) of Hau River had more abundant species composition than that of the downstream (44 species) Mean densities of benthic macroinvertebrates in the mainstream tended to decrease gradually from the upstream (1,312905 inds/m2), midstream (629668 inds/m2) to downstream (327372 inds/m2) On tributaries, species number in system and were higher than that of other iv systems In contrast, group reached the highest density through surveys The total benthic species found in system 1, 2, and was 58 species, 46 species, 46 and 80 species, respectively Most of these systems had highest species number in period The PCA analytical results showed that the density of Oligochaeta, Malacostraca and Insecta in the dry season were higher than that in the wet season indicating organic pollution levels increasing in the dry season Polychaeta and Hirudinea tended to achieve higher density in the period 2, and and lower in period and However, Gastropoda tended to reach high densities in period 1, and low densities in period2 and Meanwhile, Bivalvia appeared regularly at most of sampling sites but their distribution was irregular in the study area Shannon-Weaver and Margalef indices in the mainstream were always lower than those in the tributaries indicating more diverse species number in the tributaries than in the main river, however, the differences were not significant (p>0.05) There were 66 families of macroinvertebrates recorded in this study, of which 42 families are listed in the BMWPVIET system and the rest 24 families are not in the list of the BMWPVIET system Based on distribution characteristics, habitats and taxa tolerance values, 24 families of the found macroinvertebrates distributing in Hau River have been supplemented and adjusted into the BMWPVIET system which can be applied specifically to conditions of the Hau river basin Assessment of water quality by biological method using ASPT index (89%) had higher similarity than Berger-Parker dominance (69%) and Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (79%) comparing with physical chemistry method Keywords: Water quality, Macroinvertebrates, density, diversity indices, BMWPVIET, ASPT v CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T - Hnh phỳc LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu Phỏt trin phng phỏp quan trc sinh hc trờn sụng Hu s dng ng vt khụng xng sng c ln l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu khoa hc ca bn thõn Cỏc s liu, kt qu c trỡnh by lun ỏn ny l trung thc v cha c cụng b bt k cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu no trc õy Tỏc gi lun ỏn Nguyn Th Kim Liờn vi MC LC LI CM T I TểM TT II ABSTRACT IV LI CAM OAN VI MC LC VII DANH SCH BNG XI DANH SCH HèNH XIV BNG VIT TT XVI CHNG 1: GII THIU 1.1 t 1.2 Mc tiờu ca nghiờn cu 1.3 í ngha ca nghiờn cu 1.4 Phm vi nghiờn cu 1.5 Ni dung nghiờn cu 1.6 im mi ca lun ỏn 1.7 Gii hn phm vi nghiờn cu CHNG 2: LC KHO TI LIU 2.1 Quan trc sinh hc 2.1.1 Khỏi nim v quan trc sinh hc 2.1.2 Vai trũ, ý ngha ca quan trc sinh hc ỏnh giỏ ụ nhim 2.1.3 C s khoa hc ca phng phỏp quan trc sinh hc 2.1.4 u im v nhc im ca phng phỏp quan trc sinh hc 2.1.4.1 u im 2.1.4.2 Nhc im 2.2 Lch s nghiờn cu phng phỏp quan trc sinh hc s dng VKXSCL 2.2.1 Tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu nc 2.2.1.1 Min Bc 2.2.1.2 Min Trung 2.2.1.3 Min Nam 11 2.3 Tỡnh hỡnh nghiờn cu trờn Th gii 13 2.3.1 Chõu u 14 2.3.2 Khu vc Bc M 15 2.3.3 Mt s quc gia Chõu 15 2.3.3.1 n 15 2.3.3.2 Thỏi Lan 16 2.3.3.3 Trung Quc 17 2.3.3.4 Malaysia 17 2.4 Cỏc phng phỏp s dng quan trc sinh hc 18 2.4.1 S la chn cỏc nhúm sinh vt s dng quan trc sinh hc 18 2.4.2 Vic la chn cỏc thụng s húa lý quan trc sinh hc 19 2.4.3 Cỏc phng phỏp quan trc sinh hc 19 2.4.3.1 ng vt khụng xng sng c ln (Macroinvertebrates) 20 2.4.3.2 Vai tro cua VKXSCL quan trc chõt lng nc 24 vii 2.5 c im phõn b v mụi trng sng ca ng vt khụng xng sng c ln 25 2.5.1 S phõn b ca ng vt khụng xng sng c ln 25 2.5.2.1 Lu tc dong chy 28 2.5.2.2 Hm lng oxy hoa tan (DO) 28 2.5.2.3 Tiờu hao oxy húa hc (COD) 29 2.5.2.4 Hm lng nitrat (N-NO3-) v hm lng phosphat (P-PO43-) 29 2.5.2.5 mn 29 2.5.2.6 Tớnh chõt nn ỏy 29 2.5.2.7 Kh nng chu ng c s ụ nhim i vi cỏc loi ng vt khụng xng sng c ln khỏc 31 2.5.3 Cỏc nhúm ng vt khụng xng sng c ln thng gp 32 2.5.3.1 Ngnh giun t (Annelida) 32 (1) Lp giun ớt t (Oligochaeta) 32 (2) Lp giun nhiu t (Polychaeta) 34 2.5.3.2 Ngnh ng vt thõn mm (Mollusca) 35 (1) Lp chõn bng (Gastropoda) 36 (2) Lp hai mnh v (Bivalvia) 37 2.5.3.3 Ngnh ph giỏp xỏc (Crustacea) 38 2.5.3.4 Cụn trựng thuy sinh (Insecta) 39 (1) B phự du (Ephemeroptera) 39 (2) B chun chun (Odonata) 40 (3) B cỏnh ỳp (Plecoptera) 41 (4) B cỏnh na (Hemiptera) 41 (5) B cỏnh lụng (Trichoptera) 42 (6) B cỏnh cng (Coleoptera) 42 (7) B hai cỏnh (Diptera) 43 2.6 a dng thnh phn ng vt khụng xng sng c ln v ng dng quan trc sinh hc 44 2.6.1 Thnh phn ng vt khụng xng sng c ln 44 2.6.2 ng dng ng vt khụng xng sng ỏnh giỏ cht lng nc bng phng phỏp sinh hc 46 2.7 Cỏc chi s ng dng quan trc sinh hc 49 2.7.1 Cỏc ch s a dng 49 2.9.1.1 u im cua cỏc ch s a dng 50 2.9.1.2 Nhc im cua cỏc ch s a dng 51 2.7.2 Cỏc ch s sinh hc 51 2.7.2.1 Ch s BMWP (Biological monitoring working party) v ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon) 51 2.7.2.2 Ch s u th 52 CHNG 3: PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU 53 3.1 Vt liu nghiờn cu 53 3.2 Phng phỏp nghiờn cu 53 3.2.1 a im 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27 128 43 50 60 350 303 433 50 153 123 90 20 67 20 0 0 0 0 0 10 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.120 703 1.390 223 567 100 250 227 147 203 141 340 367 3.450 440 247 493 60 60 10 223 173 63 643 320 1.207 40 37 160 40 47 273 93 73 19 10 90 50 17 33 960 140 13 13 10 88 10 120 57 120 23 40 43 63 33 20 107 13 72 367 10 0 0 0 0 66 13 3 0 133 43 43 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 620 310 730 150 1.020 260 67 663 373 203 245 673 953 1.387 1.273 233 333 33 1.100 43 70 83 170 87 47 43 93 33 23 1.410 30 147 377 47 33 27 33 13 0 290 10 43 13 0 0 0 1.823 810 627 197 2.543 160 171 Ninh Kiu ụng Phỳ Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói Long Bỡnh Chõu c Bỡnh M Cn Bỡnh Thy Hũa Phỳ Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Bỡnh Thy Ninh Kiu ụng Phỳ Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói 57 27 63 707 50 2.847 43 67 30 33 70 27 63 87 13 177 43 203 97 13 10 10 83 1.440 53 20 0 10 250 3 0 103 140 13 10 0 0 0 213 87 67 237 187 1.293 1.737 3.070 1.497 1.417 653 223 20 97 20 1.067 23 77 117 40 50 33 93 27 20 80 350 347 30 1733 113 160 73 13 80 1.073 250 500 130 80 70 37 93 63 20 17 13 33 0 0 0 0 200 53 157 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.117 2.470 1.327 383 1.827 280 273 1.297 37 147 1.100 Ph lc 2: Mt ng vt ỏy ti cỏc v trớ thu mu trờn sụng nhỏnh t im thu NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre1 Cỏi Sao Thng Li Vnh Tre2 Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Oligochaeta Polychaeta Gastropoda Bivalvia Malacostraca Insecta Hirudinea Tng cng 47 767 140 0 960 77 307 493 200 83 287 493 223 97 110 23 53 40 40 20 47 47 10 23 93 563 77 377 23 137 1.853 610 240 73 27 2.803 190 350 207 20 590 1.253 580 360 3 0 0 0 20 0 47 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 223 3.730 847 967 320 463 2.983 2.133 930 603 117 420 23 237 157 197 17 30 10 23 40 23 17 13 110 130 973 160 100 157 39 40 77 373 97 140 27 1.287 23 106 20 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 27 0 0 0 0 630 657 1.143 447 1.597 400 169 67 193 172 Cỏi Cụn i Ngói NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre1 Cỏi Sao Thng Li Vnh Tre2 Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du 23 23 27 46 40 10 0 0 0 113 59 13 87 53 0 160 33 1047 133 80 183 33 103 80 117 27 27 37 43 30 83 37 17 133 117 37 47 757 57 53 20 20 140 27 27 523 23 1.960 13 153 12.950 133 23 10 0 0 0 13 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 133 2.457 177 190 2.280 87 293 1.3187 507 133 527 33 117 490 17 73 22 0 0 343 10 73 150 17 107 142 113 23 20 54 17 127 113 40 10 20 37 20 90 733 230 13 23 10 30 53 10 0 0 0 0 30 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 987 903 537 687 57 230 169 157 50 110 114 147 13 347 203 30 740 117 177 221 113 43 403 797 743 630 557 30 253 100 160 30 103 63 87 83 50 83 370 25 267 57 13 1.007 323 43 67 27 2.463 213 220 390 47 57 1.423 403 77 97 43 3 27 140 13 50 100 23 240 0 0 0 0 0 260 3.500 571 853 527 570 1.927 2.680 1.183 1.017 563 170 343 407 93 277 150 157 97 200 167 70 233 93 43 240 57 77 50 17 47 97 663 177 50 47 10 10 0 130 0 13 87 10 0 0 0 1.000 1.170 787 713 347 537 307 173 Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre1 Cỏi Sao Thng Li Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói 0 153 40 33 23 20 30 10 30 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 203 93 50 27 397 1.163 223 1.797 80 27 767 570 1.667 2.017 807 337 570 557 147 77 107 63 70 60 70 10 177 653 113 500 93 30 3.460 247 173 153 10 2.637 550 280 127 253 213 20 420 100 30 117 187 33 597 83 13 80 27 33 17 50 53 0 0 0 0 0 270 3.500 1.637 1.723 1.977 2.437 4.560 610 1880 957 943 303 183 437 160 500 120 10 23 100 133 50 57 57 20 90 73 27 43 10 40 93 493 937 140 130 83 57 67 117 27 57 70 307 207 30 107 13 13 7 13 53 0 53 40 0 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.283 1.160 1.397 667 420 680 317 120 193 207 110 174 Ph lc 3: Cỏc thụng s cht lng nc trờn sụng chớnh t im thu Nhit (oC) pH c (NTU) TSS (mg/L) DO (mg/L) N-NO3(mg/L) TAN (mg/L) TN (mg/L) P-PO43(mg/L) TP (mg/L) Long Bỡnh 29,8 7,0 58 28 6,5 0,126 0,079 0,40 0,081 0,11 8,0 Chõu c 30,0 7,0 81 33 5,2 0,085 0,063 0,68 0,129 0,17 5,1 Bỡnh M 31,8 7,2 77 41 6,6 0,074 0,053 1,02 0,071 0,17 14,7 Cn Bỡnh Thy 30,9 7,2 97 47 5,5 0,036 0,015 1,08 0,514 0,61 14,7 Hũa Phỳ 31,6 7,1 77 42 5,0 0,167 0,035 1,49 0,070 0,19 9,3 Tht Nt 29,8 7,0 74 26 5,0 0,104 0,216 0,58 0,042 0,06 4,8 ễ Mụn 29,8 7,0 49 32 3,9 0,108 0,082 0,43 0,181 0,21 3,2 Tr Núc 32,0 6,8 48 32 4,9 0,051 0,176 0,91 0,069 0,16 14,7 Bỡnh Thy 30,3 6,9 68 27 5,7 0,028 0,097 0,44 0,118 0,18 14,4 Ninh Kiu 30,8 6,8 74 48 3,8 0,214 0,090 0,76 0,073 0,20 13,4 ụng Phỳ 30,4 7,0 71 23 5,6 0,035 0,007 0,93 0,092 0,14 5,1 Mỏi Dm 30,2 7,1 66 55 6,0 0,101 0,017 0,98 0,087 0,16 13,4 Cỏi Cụn 30,4 6,9 84 4,8 0,026 0,021 0,77 0,034 0,06 10,6 i Ngói 30,1 7,6 59 31 4,4 0,003 0,293 0,64 0,114 0,13 12,8 Long Bỡnh 28,3 7,3 225 157 7,2 0,102 0,167 0,39 0,062 0,19 13,4 Chõu c 28,5 7,3 107 60 4,2 0,063 0,155 1,03 0,077 0,26 10,6 5,6 0,059 0,068 0,045 0,20 8,6 Bỡnh M 175 COD (mg/L) 29,0 7,3 144 93 0,82 Cn Bỡnh Thy 29,0 7,3 143 69 5,2 0,047 0,084 0,99 0,047 0,29 9,3 Hũa Phỳ 29,5 7,1 142 120 5,9 0,072 0,098 0,98 0,050 0,24 2,9 Tht Nt 28,2 6,6 195 81 5,8 0,058 0,109 1,04 0,147 0,18 16,3 ễ Mụn 27,9 6,5 130 65 5,7 0,074 0,049 0,50 0,033 0,13 15,7 Tr Núc 27,8 6,3 85 85 7,3 0,074 0,435 1,46 0,154 0,31 18,6 Bỡnh Thy 27,7 6,7 96 57 4,8 0,075 0,285 1,18 0,085 0,26 6,1 Ninh Kiu 27,9 6,5 103 57 5,1 0,070 0,252 0,98 0,120 0,19 8,6 ụng Phỳ 28,6 6,7 126 78 6,5 0,052 0,126 1,26 0,111 0,27 8,3 Mỏi Dm 29,5 6,6 104 133 5,9 0,049 0,101 0,83 0,155 0,17 7,4 Cỏi Cụn 28,7 7,0 123 121 5,3 0,070 0,132 1,18 0,145 0,16 9,0 i Ngói 30,1 7,1 142 78 5,7 0,070 0,150 1,02 0,080 0,12 10,2 Ph lc 4: Cỏc thụng s cht lng nc trờn sụng nhỏnh t im thu NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Nhit (oC) pH c (NTU) TSS (mg/L) DO (mg/L) N-NO3(mg/L) TAN (mg/L) TN (mg/L) P-PO43(mg/L) 29,9 31,6 30,4 30,1 31,8 30,2 6,6 6,7 6,8 6,9 6,8 6,5 149 115 42 102 62 100 85 60 28 46 39 57 6,6 3,0 5,5 5,3 2,7 4,7 0,074 0,126 0,059 0,113 0,207 0,104 0,322 0,317 0,074 0,167 1,452 0,273 2,04 1,92 0,47 0,38 1,71 0,74 0,133 0,103 0,099 0,058 0,121 0,088 176 TP (mg/L) 0,26 0,13 0,12 0,10 0,32 0,12 COD (mg/L) 35,8 25,9 7,4 11,5 26,6 9,9 Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn 30,2 31,9 29,9 31,4 30,5 31,5 29,8 29,8 30 30,2 30,9 30 30,6 30,2 30,3 29,5 28,1 28,3 28,6 28,6 29 28,6 28,8 30 28,8 29 6,7 6,9 6,4 6,9 6,8 6,8 6,5 6,6 6,8 6,9 6,9 6,8 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,8 6,7 7,4 7,3 7,1 7,4 7,1 7,2 72 112 103 59 71 47 109 83 94 82 106 141 63 51 57 83 153 142 80 175 82 147 199 146 192 125 37 58 63 44 53 25 72 44 43 31 62 49 36 37 21 51 71 55 27 118 40 40 145 59 55 45 4,8 3,6 3,6 4,2 6,2 4,5 5,4 4,9 4,0 5,1 2,5 2,8 6,1 6,6 5,9 4,9 2,6 2,8 6,0 5,9 2,8 4,8 5,8 2,6 4,8 4,0 0,077 0,161 0,128 0,160 0,026 0,159 0,134 0,102 0,072 0,006 0,219 0,128 0,074 0,051 0,041 0,003 0,088 0,026 0,017 0,013 0,028 0,087 0,019 0,034 0,067 0,070 177 0,281 1,047 1,022 0,273 0,018 0,005 0,721 0,841 0,075 0,090 0,033 0,165 0,075 0,041 0,052 0,045 0,220 0,185 0,108 0,051 0,322 0,339 0,081 0,450 0,336 0,189 0,74 1,51 1,59 1,38 0,68 0,78 0,61 1,28 0,70 0,62 1,17 1,24 0,95 1,41 0,69 0,88 1,41 1,01 0,96 0,66 1,34 1,32 0,35 1,49 1,27 1,76 0,053 0,036 0,098 0,102 0,056 0,007 0,107 0,030 0,064 0,129 0,088 0,123 0,114 0,091 0,081 0,065 0,100 0,148 0,058 0,032 0,071 0,114 0,073 0,149 0,175 0,087 0,13 0,26 0,15 0,21 0,21 0,10 0,17 0,19 0,19 0,14 0,15 0,16 0,19 0,16 0,11 0,12 0,51 0,29 0,18 0,31 0,22 0,24 0,21 0,23 0,18 0,36 8,3 21,8 13,1 20,8 15,4 12,8 11,8 10,9 8,3 10,2 16,0 30,4 9,9 9,3 11,8 11,2 32,6 14,1 14,1 12,8 2,6 9,0 17,0 7,4 11,2 10,2 Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt 29 29,5 28,7 28,2 27,7 27,9 27,6 28,6 28,8 29,1 29,1 29,7 29,5 29,6 29,6 28,1 29,1 28,1 28,2 29,5 28 28,7 28,1 28,5 27,9 28,6 7,3 7,2 7,1 6,6 6,8 6,6 6,4 6,9 6,7 6,8 6,8 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 6,9 7,2 6,8 7,1 7,1 138 170 134 225 119 90 109 150 135 112 105 134 77 104 175 71 81 82 79 159 42 101 42 111 27 110 89 63 53 64 70 56 57 79 93 161 85 74 41 60 96 54 54 31 85 103 34 70 37 78 24 74 5,7 4,8 5,8 5,8 5,8 4,5 3,9 5,6 7,4 6,0 6,5 5,8 1,8 1,8 6,8 7,9 2,0 3,1 4,5 2,1 7,7 4,0 5,2 4,1 2,6 4,9 0,030 0,040 0,083 0,080 0,084 0,061 0,099 0,071 0,089 0,024 0,117 0,050 0,126 0,137 0,031 0,092 0,091 0,103 0,077 0,044 0,077 0,101 0,059 0,002 0,056 0,066 178 0,102 0,146 0,112 0,084 0,092 0,181 0,189 0,151 0,111 0,133 0,083 0,120 0,800 0,760 0,304 0,292 0,856 0,400 0,374 1,265 0,477 0,933 0,287 0,295 0,367 0,527 0,49 0,88 1,16 1,03 0,91 0,75 0,95 1,07 0,99 1,61 1,46 1,32 1,09 1,14 1,66 0,75 2,57 1,62 1,10 2,19 1,47 0,89 2,37 1,49 0,99 1,56 0,127 0,066 0,065 0,068 0,120 0,088 0,087 0,136 0,102 0,143 0,047 0,060 0,063 0,130 0,175 0,018 0,179 0,048 0,172 0,120 0,056 0,089 0,028 0,096 0,018 0,032 0,13 0,19 0,30 0,13 0,27 0,25 0,23 0,25 0,34 0,32 0,16 0,09 0,28 0,14 0,25 0,07 0,46 0,14 0,16 0,31 0,12 0,32 0,10 0,22 0,12 0,31 5,1 11,5 12,5 11,5 11,8 10,2 8,0 4,5 8,0 13,8 5,1 10,7 11,2 16,0 22,1 1,9 23,0 17,0 16,6 25,6 12,5 14,7 14,4 24,6 12,8 13,8 ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói NT sụng Hu NT sụng Hu Vnh T Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Vnh Tre Cỏi Sao Thng Li Cỏi Sn Cõy Dng Chc C ao Bũ ểt Tht Nt ễ Mụn Tr Núc Cỏi Rng Cỏi Du 27,9 27,8 28,1 27,1 27,3 27,3 27,3 27,1 31,1 31,3 29,5 30,7 29 29,5 30,7 28,9 29,4 29,1 29,5 29,1 29,3 30,1 29,4 29,6 29,9 30,2 7,4 7,2 7,3 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,3 7,5 6,9 7,6 7,3 7,5 7,5 7,2 7,1 7,3 7,8 7,4 7,3 7,3 7,1 7,2 7,4 50 79 63 75 77 52 50 82 37 136 18 92 198 25 102 164 52 82 34 76 36 49 29 31 52 135 18 46 42 59 34 37 35 50 18 73 48 114 10 77 122 27 40 20 39 20 26 14 15 27 70 7,0 4,2 3,7 2,3 6,8 6,6 4,7 5,6 4,0 2,5 5,7 4,6 3,8 4,2 4,4 3,7 3,9 3,9 5,6 6,0 3,6 4,1 5,0 3,7 3,6 3,2 0,133 0,123 0,150 0,169 0,132 0,142 0,122 0,133 0,278 0,316 0,054 0,128 0,217 0,176 0,107 0,148 0,143 0,239 0,120 0,147 0,089 0,197 0,093 0,174 0,266 0,169 179 0,213 0,443 0,438 0,337 0,284 0,263 0,241 0,302 0,329 0,312 0,153 0,264 1,007 0,175 0,323 0,893 0,312 0,536 0,090 0,204 0,139 0,215 0,122 0,154 0,134 0,100 1,49 0,88 1,75 1,28 1,33 1,07 0,84 1,71 1,60 1,93 1,09 1,36 2,40 1,73 1,49 1,93 2,06 2,05 1,39 2,41 1,36 1,51 0,39 1,05 1,17 1,06 0,017 0,050 0,010 0,029 0,085 0,066 0,031 0,090 0,163 0,256 0,070 0,075 0,182 0,244 0,110 0,168 0,095 0,120 0,139 0,102 0,068 0,129 0,077 0,174 0,124 0,068 0,04 0,12 0,13 0,18 0,10 0,07 0,06 0,11 0,89 0,91 0,47 0,56 1,12 0,26 0,17 1,07 0,47 0,80 0,34 0,50 0,86 0,87 0,33 0,21 0,13 0,37 7,0 9,9 13,4 23,7 14,1 17,0 22,1 15,7 29,8 16,0 22,7 24,0 26,2 10,2 18,2 21,4 17,3 20,5 11,2 13,1 11,8 17,9 15,7 14,1 12,8 17,0 Cỏi Du Mỏi Dm Cỏi Cụn i Ngói 30 29,7 29,3 29,1 7,5 7,4 7,4 7,6 33 44 18 87 16 21 45 4,2 5,2 4,4 5,7 0,218 0,123 0,233 0,155 180 0,096 0,135 0,189 0,025 1,03 1,04 1,10 0,99 0,148 0,165 0,101 0,159 1,11 0,93 0,50 0,77 16,3 12,2 12,8 10,9 ... dung nghiên cứu 3: Phát triển phương pháp quan trắc sinh học sử dụng động vật không xương sống cỡ lớn 62 (1) Sử dụng động vật đáy quan trắc sinh học 62 (2) Sử dụng động vật không xương sống. .. 4.3.1.3 So sánh đánh giá chất lượng nước phương pháp quan trắc sinh học sử dụng động vật đáy phương pháp lý hóa học 134 4.3.2 Sử dụng động vật không xương sống cỡ lớn quan trắc sinh học1 38 4.3.2.1... phần động vật không xương sống cỡ lớn ứng dụng quan trắc sinh học 44 2.6.1 Thành phần động vật không xương sống cỡ lớn 44 2.6.2 Ứng dụng động vật không xương sống đánh giá chất lượng