Population 2 energy balance

LOGO “ Add your company slogan ” Chapter Populations Chapter Populations Organic productivity and energy balance in a population  Rhythm and efficiency of production process  Energy balance in population Kinetics, fluctuation in population quantity and regulation mechanisms of population quantity  Birth rate  Mortality rate and survival rate  Population growth  Population dynamics and its regulation mechanisms ORGANIC PRODUCTIVITY  Rhythm and efficiency of production process Speed (tốc độ) Intensity (Cường độ) P/B Sản lượng Biological production sinh vật P(t1-t2) = B(t2) – B(t1) + P’ B(t2) = B(t1) + P(t1-t2) – P’ P/B COEFFICIENT Age (year) P/B Co Gammarus locusta 0,0480 G lacustris 0,0055 Acanthogammarus grewingki 10 0,0004 Species ENERGY BALANCE  Shows all important characteristics of population and depends on inner as well as outer factors  Through food chains, energy enters population organisms which is used for many purposes and then scattered on environment under many forms, specially the form of loss of temperature ENERGY BALANCE  Energy accumulation and release concern with two processes in living organisms: Assimilation Catabolism  Therefore, the small body size – the high metabolism intensity ENERGY BALANCE I- eutrophic lake Respiration II- oligotrophic lake I Radiation is used Bacteria Z Nph Ph Respiration Bacteria II Bức xạ Radiation is used sử dụng Nph Ph Z ENERGY BALANCE populations have same biomass Population containing small organisms will release higher energy than those of big organisms KINETICS, POPULATION DYNAMICS  Birth rate  Mortality rate and survival rate  Population growth  Fluctuation and dynamics of population quantity BIRTH RATE is the ratio live births to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time B = N/t (average birthrate) • N: number of individuals in population; b = N/N.t • t: time period; • N: newborns in the time period t; POPULATION GROWTH rmax: maximum population growth rate, species-specific High rmax Small rmax Small body size, low longevity, soon child-bearing for the first time, being influenced by predators, Impacted by abiotic factors Big body size, high longevity, Late child-bearing for the first time, could stand better with changes of environmental factors, POPULATION GROWTH  Real dN/dt = rN (K-N)/K environmental conditions  Carrying capacity K Nt = K / 1+e-rt  If t=to and N=No then: =ln[(K-No)/No] POPULATION GROWTH N K Nt=No ert Mức chống đối môi trường N =K/(1+e-rt) t Điểm uốn K/2 r Đường cong tốc độ r t Exponential and logistic population growth models POPULATION GROWTH Exponential growth of micro-organism population Logistic growth of fur seal population SỰ TĂNG TRƯỞNG SỐ LƯỢNG Chi phí Lợi nhuận MSY Chi phí MEY Điểm hòa vốn (BE) Đường cong lợi nhuận chi phí đánh bắt nghề cá thương mại Lợi nhuận fMEY fMSY fBE Cường lực khai thác (f) SỰ TĂNG TRƯỞNG SỐ LƯỢNG Sản lượng (Y) MSY Mối quan hệ sản lượng (Y) cường lực khai thác (f) đường cong mô hình Fox Schaefer fMSY cường lực khai thác (f) SỰ TĂNG TRƯỞNG SỐ LƯỢNG fMSY = - a /(2b) Y = a f + b f2 MSY = - a2 / 4b Fox CPUE = exp (a + bf) Lấy logarit tự nhiên vế ln(CPUE) = a + b f CPUE = Y/f Y = f*exp (a + bf) MSY = ( - 1/b)*exp(a – 1) Fox fMSY = - 1/b POPULATION DYNAMICS  Population dynamics is the variable of population size surrouding average value K, and at that time b = d or r =  Population dynamics seems to be “ecological focus" POPULATION DYNAMICS DYNAMICS INFREQUENCY DAY-NIGHTS CYCLE FREQUENCY SEASON CYCLE ANNUAL CYCLE MOON AND TIDAL CYCLE SỰ BIẾN ĐỘNG VÀ DAO ĐỘNG SỐ LƯỢNG Time Các kiểu biến động số lượng quần thể POPULATION DYNAMICS CAUSES OF DYNAMICS OUTSIDE FACTORS INSIDE FACTORS MECHANISMS OF QUANTITY REGULATIONS  Quantity regulation in accordance with environmental carrying capacity is a very important function for any population  The population quantity is controlled by two main factor groups : ABIOTIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS MECHANISMS OF QUANTITY REGULATIONS Increase in mortality Bad quality of genital products Decrease in growing rhythm Decrease in population size DECLINE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Decrease in general reproductive ability Gap in body size of individuals Childbearing age is enlarged MECHANISMS OF QUANTITY REGULATIONS Decrease in mortality Good quality of genital products INCREASE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Childbearing age is shortened Increase in growing rhythm Increase in population size MECHANISMS OF QUANTITY REGULATIONS  “biological signals”  “outer hormone”  Regulation through preypredator interaction  mechanism "tỉa đàn" ...Chapter Populations Organic productivity and energy balance in a population  Rhythm and efficiency of production process  Energy balance in population Kinetics, fluctuation in population. .. P(t1-t2) = B(t2) – B(t1) + P’ B(t2) = B(t1) + P(t1-t2) – P’ P/B COEFFICIENT Age (year) P/B Co Gammarus locusta 0,0480 G lacustris 0,0055 Acanthogammarus grewingki 10 0,0004 Species ENERGY BALANCE. .. III Tuổi POPULATION GROWTH  is the change in a population over time  Depends on birthrate and mortality rate of population: Có trường hợp: r=b-d r > : population size increases r = 0: population