50 ĐỀ THI TIẾNG ANH SỸ QUAN VẬN HÀNH BOONG

50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no.1 Carriage of dangerous goods Dangerous goods are carried in a wide variety of packages, containers and drums, each designed to handle the particular materials in the best possible way Under no circumstances should the recommended stacking or stowage height be exceeded When loading dangerous goods, only compatible( tơng thích) cargoes should be loaded or stowed together Great care is needed to ensure that all dangerous goods are properly stowed and secured The I.M.D.G Code should be adhered (Bám chặt, tuân thủ) to particularly as regards the correct stowage location and the segregation (sự tách biệt) of cargoes The Ship's Officers should study how best to handle any broken stowage, drum, container or receptacle(Đồ chứa, đồ đựng) before any damage occurs The use of salt water on some goods will cause an explosion or release of very toxic gas đề 1: Vận chuyển hàng nguy hiểm Hàng nguy hiểm đợc vận chuyển đủ loại kiện hàng, công-te-nơ thùng phi, loại đợc thiết kế để vận chuyển loại vật liệu cụ thể theo cách tốt Trong trờng hợp không đợc chất xếp hàng hoá theo chiều cao quy định Khi chất xếp hàng nguy hiểm, loại hàng tơng thích với đợc chất xếp với Cần ý đặc biệt để đảm bảo tất hàng hoá nguy hiểm đợc xếp chằng buộc cách Bộ luật vận chuyển hàng nguy hiểm IMO nên đợc tuân theo, đặc biệt liên quan đến vị trí xếp phù hợp tách biệt hàng hoá phù hợp Các sỹ quan tàu nên nghiên cứu cách tốt để xử lý độ rỗng chất xếp nào, thùng phi, vật chứa bao bì trớc thiệt hại xảy Việc dùng nớc biển số hàng hoá gây nổ thoát khí độc Test 1: Carriage of dangerous goods - adhere - as regards sb/ st - broken stowage /d'hi/ /ri'ga:dz/ v n Bám chặt, tuân thủ Có liên quan đến ai/ gì, phần Độ rỗng chất xếp 50 Tests for Operation Officers - circumstance - compatible - exceed /'s:kmstns/ /km'pổtbl/ /ik'si:d/ - I.M.D.G Code /loud/ - load /lou'kein/ - location /m'tiril/ - material /'k3:(r)/ - occur /'ounli/ - only /'pổkid/ - package /p'tikjul(r)/ - particular /'psbl/ - possible /'prpli/ - properly /ri'septkl/ - receptacle /,rek'mend/ - recommend /ri'li:s/ - release /si'kju/ - secure /,segri'gein/ - segregation /stổk/ - stack /stou/ - stow /'stouid/ - stowage /t'ge/ - together /'tksik gổs/ - toxic gas /v'raiti/ - variety as soon as possible under (in) no circumstances n adj v n vt n n v adv n adj adj adv n v v v n v vt n adv n n Hoàn cảnh, trờng hợp, tình Hợp nhau, tơng thích, tơng hợp Vợt Quy tắc vận chuyển an toàn hàng nguy hiểm Chất, xếp hàng hoá Vị trí, địa điểm Nguyên liệu, vật liệu Xảy ra, xuất hiện, tìm thấy có một, Kiện hàng Riêng biệt, cá biệt, cụ thể Hợp lý, thực đợc Đúng, thích đáng, thích hợp, hoàn toàn Đồ chứa, đồ đựng Khuyên bảo, đề nghị, dặn, giới thiệu Thả ra, giải phóng, thoát Bảo đảm, buộc chặt, buộc tàu, xiết chặt Sự phân tách, phân ly, phân tách, cô lập Xếp thành chồng, xếp thành đống Xếp, xếp, san xếp (hàng hoá) Sự xếp, xếp, san xếp (hàng hoá) Cùng nhau, lại với khí độc Nhiều thứ, đủ loại Càng sớm tốt Dù hoàn cảnh không Test no.2 Radar Except when the vessel is alongside the berth in port, the radar should always be kept on STAND-BY conditions at all times This ensures that the radar is ready for immediate use and will significantly (Quan trọng, trọng đại) increase the operational life of the equipment Continual switching on and off will significantly reduce the life of the components within the set The officer of the watch should use the radar when appropriate (thích hợp) and always whenever restricted visibility is encountered (or expected(dự kiến)) and also in congested waters, bearing in mind the radar limitations Whenever radar is used, the officer of the watch will select an appropriate range scale, observe the display carefully and plot effectively The officer of the watch should ensure that the range scales used are changed at sufficiently frequent intervals(Khoảng cách, cự ly, lúc nghỉ) so that echoes are 50 Tests for Operation Officers detected as early as possible and that small or weak echoes not escape detection test 2: Radar - alongside /'l'said/ - appropriate - carefully - change - component - congested - continual - detect - display - echo - effectively - encounter - ensure - escape - except - expect - frequent - immediate - increase - interval - limitation - observe - plot - radar - range scale - ready - restricted - select - set - significantly - small - sufficient - to bear in mind - use - visibility - weak - will /'prouprit/ /'kefuli/ /tein/ /km'pounnt/ /kn'destid/ /kn'tinjul/ /di'tekt/ /dis'plei/ /'ekou/ /'ifektivli/ /in'kaunt/ /in'u/ /is'keip/ /ik'sept/ /iks'pekt/ /'fri:kwnt/ /i'mi:djt/ /'inkri:s/ /'intvl/ /,limi'tein/ /b'z:v/ /plt/ /'reid/ /reind skeil / /'redi/ /ris'triktid/ /si'lekt/ /set/ /sig'nifikntli/ /sm:l/ /s'fint/ /be rin maind/ /ju:s/ /,viz'bilti/ /wi:k/ - within /wi' in/ adv, prep adj adv vt, vi n adj adj vt n n adj vt vt vi, vt prep vt adj adj vt n n vt vt n n adj adj vt n adv adj adj v vt n adj v prep Sát mạn tàu, dọc theo mạn tàu (to, for) thích hợp, thích đáng Cẩn thận, chu đáo Biến đổi, thay đổi Thành phần, phận đông nghịt, chật ních Liên tục, liên miên Dò ra, tìm ra, phát Màn hình hiển thị Sóng phản xạ Có hiệu lực, có hiệu quả, có ích Gặp thình lình, chạm trán, bắt gặp Bảo đảm Trốn thoát, thoát, thoát khỏi Trừ ra, không kể Mong đợi, chờ đợi, nghĩ Thờng xuyên Trực tiếp, tức thì, Gia tăng, tăng, tăng lên Khoảng cách, cự ly, lúc nghỉ Sự hạn chế, giới hạn Quan sát, nhận xét, theo dõi Vẽ sơ đồ, đồ thị, đồ giải Rađa Thang tầm xa Sẵn sàng bị hạn chế, bị giới hạn, bị thu hẹp Lựa chọn, chọn lọc, tuyển lựa Bộ, máy, hệ thống Quan trọng, trọng đại Nhỏ, bé, vụn đủ Ghi nhớ Sử dụng, dùng Tầm nhìn Yếu, không ổn định Trong, trong, bên trong, vòng, phạm vi 50 Tests for Operation Officers đề 2: Radar Trừ tàu cập cầu cảng, ra-đa nên luôn đợc đặt chế độ sẵn sàng Điều đảm bảo ra-đa sẵn sàng sử dụng tức thời gia tăng đáng kể tuổi thọ vận hành thiết bị Việc tắt mở liên tục làm giảm đáng kể tuổi thọ phận bên thiết bị Sỹ quan trực ca nên dùng đa thích hợp, luôn sử dụng đa gặp phải hay dự kiến gặp phải tầm nhìn xa bị hạn chế sử dụng chúng vùng nớc đầy tàu bè, ghi nhớ hạn chế ra-đa Bất sử dụng đa, sỹ quan ca nên chọn thang tầm xa phù hợp, quan sát hình cẩn thận đồ giải hiệu Sỹ quan trực ca nên đảm bảo ra-đa sử dụng đợc thờng xuyên thay đổi đầy đủ theo thời gian để (sóng phản xạ) mục tiêu đợc phát sớm (sóng phản xạ) mục tiêu yếu hay nhỏ thoát khỏi tầm dò tìm Test no.3 Preparation of cargo plan A carefully prepared cargo plan is a valuable aid to safe practice and should include as much detail as possible All officers and key personnel engaged in cargo operations should be given the opportunity to study and discuss the plan before operations commence(bắt đầu) to ensure that they are completely familiar with it When preparing the plan, both for loading and discharging, careful consideration(sự cân nhắc, suy xét) should be given to the following: Quantities per tank, and the order of loading or discharging so as to ensure good weight distribution(sự phân bố phân phối) and therefore the minimum stress and optimum(điều kiện tốt nhất, giá trị tối u) trim Safe segregation of different parcels when more than one grade of petroleum is carried Pipelines, pumps and valves to be used for each tank or section 50 Tests for Operation Officers Reduction in normal flow rates when " topping off " or when commencing loading Particular attention is required when loading grades classed as static accumulators Test 3: preparation of cargo plan - accumulator - aid - attention - both and - careful - classed - commence - complete - detail - different - distribute - distribution - engage - familiar - flow rate - following - grade - key - minimum - more than - normal - opportunity - optimum - order - parcel - per - personnel - petroleum - pipeline - plan - preparation - pump - reduction - section - so as to /'kju:mjuleit/ /eid/ /'tenn/ /bou/ /'keful/ /kl:st/ /k'mens/ /km'pli:t/ /'di:teil/ /'difrnt/ /dis'tribju:t/ /,distri'bju:n/ /in'gei/ /f'milj/ /'floureit/ /'floui/ /greid/ /ki:/ /'minimm/ n n n dj adj vi adj n adj vt n vi adj n n n n n, adj /m: ổn/ /'n:ml/ /,p'tju:niti/ /'ptimm/ /':d/ /'p:sl/ /p:/ /,p:s'nel/ /pi'trouljm/ /paiplain/ /plổn/ /,prep'rein/ /pmp/ /ri'dkn/ /'sekn/ adj n n n n n n n n n n n n n Bình ăcqui, tích điện Hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ Sự ý Cả lẫn, vừa vừa Cẩn thận, thận trọng, kỹ lỡng Phân loại Bắt đầu, mở đầu đầy đủ, hoàn toàn, trọn vẹn Chi tiết Khác biệt, khác Phân bố, phân phối, phân phát Sự phân bố, phân phối, phân phát Mắc bận (with) quen thuộc, quen Lu lợng, tốc độ dòng chảy Những ngời sau đây, thứ sau Cấp bậc, loại, hạng Then chốt, chủ yếu Tối thiểu Nhiều Thờng, thông thờng, bình thờng Cơ hội, thời điều kiện tốt nhất, giá trị tối u Thứ tự, trật tự Gói, bu kiện Mỗi Biên chế, nhân viên Dầu mỏ, dầu lửa Đờng ống, ống, đờng ống dẫn Bản đồ, sơ đồ, phơng án Sự chuẩn bị Bơm Sự thu nhỏ, giảm bớt Khu, khu vực, vùng, phận đề làm 50 Tests for Operation Officers - static - stress - top off /'stổtiks/ /stres/ /tp f/ - topping off /trim/ - trim /'vổljubl/ - valuable /vổlv/ - valve /'weit/ - weight - static accumulator - to be engaged in something adj n vt n n adj n n n tĩnh học ứng suất, ứng lực, áp suất Hoàn thành, làm xong Quá trình xếp dàn hàng hoá đến đỉnh khoang hàng, gần đầy Hiệu mớn mũi lái, độ lệch mớn nớc Có giá trị lớn, quý giá Van, supáp Trọng lợng, sức nặng, khối lợng (hàng hoá) loại tích điện Bận làm việc Đề 3: chuẩn bị sơ đồ xếp hàng hoá Việc chuẩn bị sơ đồ hàng hoá cẩn thận trợ giúp có giá trị để thực an toàn nên bao gồm nhiều chi tiết tốt Tất Sỹ quan ngời chủ chốt tham gia hoạt động làm hàng nên đợc có hội nghiên cứu bàn luận sơ đồ trớc việc làm hàng bắt đầu để đảm bảo họ làm quen hoàn toàn với sơ đồ Khi chuẩn bị sơ đồ, cho việc lên xuống hàng, nên xem xét cẩn thận điều sau: - Số lợng két, thứ tự hay xuống hàng để đảm bảo có phân phối tốt trọng lợng đo có ứng xuất trọng lựuc tối thiểu độ cân tối u - Sự tách biệt an toàn gói hàng khác tàu chở nhiều loại xăng dầu - Các đờng ống, bơm van đợc dùng riêng cho két hay khu vực - Giảm tốc độ chảy dới mức bình thờng bơm gần đầy két hay lúc bắt đầu lên hàng Yêu cầu ý đặc biệt lên hàng đợc xếp vào loại tích tĩnh điện Test no.4 Dunnage It is most important that only clean, dry dunnage is used, free from any stains from previous cargoes Dunnage should always be laid with the first layer crossing the floor and beams of the tanktops and tween decks When only limited dunnage is being used, the first layer can be laid diagonally, leading towards the side to assist drainage 50 Tests for Operation Officers When palletized or unit load cargoes are being loaded, the dunnage used between them should be sufficient to allow forklift trucks to work without damaging them or their content When carrying heavy cargoes, a mat of dunnage should be laid under the cargo to ensure even weight distribution over as large an area as possible Spar ceiling should be kept in good condition and any broken spars replaced Care should be taken to ensure that cleats have not been bent outwards so that they cause damage to the cargo đề 4: vật chèn lót hàng Điều quan trọng sử dụng vật lót hàng khô sạch, nhiễm bẩn hàng hoá chuyên chở trớc Vật lót hàng nên đợc đặt với lớp thứ trải ngang mặt sàn sống két treo boong trung gianhững Khi schỉ có lợng vật chèn lót giới hạn đợc sử dụng, lớp đặt chéo, hớng phía mạn để trợ giúp việc thoát nớc Khi lên hàng đóng pallete hay hàng đợc đóng thành khối, vật lót hàng sử dụng chúng nên đầy đủ cho phép nâng làm việc mà không làm h hỏng chúng hay vật chất ttong Khi vận chuyển hàng hoát nặng, nên đặt lớp vật lót hàng bên dới để đảm bảo có phân phối trọng lợng đồng bề mặt rộng tốt Các chống trần cần đợc giữ tình trạng tốt, thành bị gãy phải đợc thay Nên cẩn thận để cácmóc bị uốn gây h hại hàng hoá Test 4: dunnage - allow /'lau/ - always /':lwz/ adv - area - assist - beam - bend - between - care - ceiling - clean - cleat - content - cross /'eri/ /'sist/ /bi:m/ /bend/ /bi'twi:n/ /ke/ n vt n vt prep n n adj n n vt /'si:li/ /kli:n/ /kli:t/ /'kntent/ /krs/ vt Cho phép, Luôn luôn, lúc cũng, cũng, hoài Vùng, khu vực, phạm vi Giúp đỡ Xà, rầm, sờng ngang sàn tàu, sống neo Uốn, uốn cong, uốn nếp Giữa, Sự chăm chú, ý, cần thận Sàn, trần Sạch, Bàn giằng, chèn, chêm Nội dung, sức chứa, thành phần Qua, qua, cắt ngang, chéo 50 Tests for Operation Officers /dai'ổgnli/ - diagonally - drainage /'dreini/ /drai/ - dry - dunnage /'dni/ /'i:vn/ - even - floor /fl:/ - forklift truck /f:klift trk/ /'hevi/ - heavy - important /im'p:tnt/ /lei/ - lay /'lei/ - layer /li:d/ - lead /mổt/ - mat /moust/ - most /'autwdz/ - outwards /'ouv/ - over /'pổlitaiz/ - palletize /'pri:vjs/ - previous - spar /sp:/ /stein/ - stain /teik/ - take - tanktop - to assist someone in doing something - towards /t'w:d/ /'twi:n dek/ - tween deck - under /'nd/ /'ju:nit/ - unit adv n adj n adj n n adj adj vt n vt n adj adv prep vt adj n n vt n prep n prep n Theo đờng chéo Sự rút nớc, thoát nớc, tiêu nớc Khô, cạn, Vật lót hàng Bằng phẳng, ngang bằng, Nền, nhà, mặt phẳng, sàn Xe xúc, xe nâng hàng Nặng, nặng nề Quan trọng, trọng đại (laid /leid/) xếp, để, đặt, bố trí, đặt Lớp, tầng, vỉa đa đến, dẫn đến đệm, miếng lót, lót Lớn nhất, nhiều Ra phía ngoài, hớng trên Xếp, xếp dỡ, palét hóa Trớc Trụ, cột, xà dọc, dầm dọc Vết bẩn, vết đốm gỉ, vết nhơ Cầm, nắm, giữ Két treo Giúp làm Về phía, hớng Boong trung gian Dới, dới Một cái, đơn vị Test no.5 Taking over the watch The officer of the watch should not hand over the watch to the relieving officer if he has reason to suspect that the latter is under any disability which precludes him from carrying on his duties effectively If the officer of the watch is in any doubt whatsoever regarding the fitness of the relieving officer, he must inform the Master immediately The officer of the watch must ensure that the other members of his watch are fully capable of performing their duties and in particular, their adjustment to night visions The relieving officer should not take the watch until his vision has fully adjusted to the prevailing conditions and that he is personally satisfied regarding standing orders and other instructions of the Master relating to the navigation of the vessel 50 Tests for Operation Officers Attention should be given to the following: The position, course, speed and draught of the vessel Prevailing and predicted tides, currents, weather, visibility and the effect of these factors on the course and speed đề 5: nhận ca trực Sỹ quan trực ca hàng hải không nên giao ca trực cho sỹ quan thay ca có lý tin thay ca khả thực nhiệm vụ trực ca hiệu Trong trờng hợp phải báo cáo với thuyền trởng Sỹ quan trực ca nên đảm bảo thành viên ca trực có đầy đủ lực thực nhiệm vụ, đặc biệt liên quan đến việc điều chỉnh thịlực họ với ban đêm Sỹ quan thay ca không nên nhận ca trực thị giác điều chỉnh đầy đủ với điều kiện thời thân nên đáp ứng mệnh lệnh thờng trực dẫn đặc biệt khác thuyền trởng liên quan đến việc hàng hải tàu Nên ý điều sau: Vị trí, hớng, tốc độ mớn nớc tàu Thủy triều, dòng chảy, thời tiết, tầm nhìn thời dự kiến ảnh hởng yếu tố hớng tốc độ Test 5: taking over the watch - adjust - adjustment - attention - capable - course - current - disability - doubt - effect - factor - fitness - fully - hand over a watch - inform /'dst/ /'dstmnt/ /'tenn/ /'keipbl/ /k:s/ /'krnt/ /,dis'biliti/ /daut/ /i'fekt/ /'fổkt/ /'fitnis/ /'fuli/ /hổnd 'ouv/ /in'f:m/ vt n n adj n n n n n n n adv v vt Điều chỉnh Sự điều chỉnh, sửa lại cho Sự ý (of st/ of doing st) có khả năng, có lực Hớng Dòng chảy Sự bất tài, bất lực Sự nghi ngờ, ngờ vực Tác động, tác dụng Nhân tố Tình trạng sung sức, thích hợp đầy đủ, hoàn toàn Giao ca Thông báo, cho biết, nói cho biết 50 Tests for Operation Officers - instruct sb to st - instruction - latter - night - perform - personally - preclude - predict - prevailing - reason - relating to - relieve - satisfy - standing order - suspect - take over a watch - tide - vision - whatsoever /in'strkt/ /in'strkn/ /'lổt/ /nait/ /p'f:m/ /'p:snli/ /pri'klu:d/ /pri'dikt/ /pri'veili/ /'ri:zn/ /ri'leiti/ /ri'li:v/ /'sổtisfai/ /'stổndi ':d/ /s'spekt/ /teik 'ouv/ /taid/ /'vin/ /,wtsou'e/ vt n pron n v adv vt vt adj n adj vt vt n vt v n n adv Chỉ dẫn, thị cho Chỉ thị, lời dẫn Ngời sau, sau đêm, tối Thi hành, thực Đích thân, với t cách cá nhân (sb from doing st) Ngăn ngừa Báo trớc, nói trớc, tiên đoán, dự đoán Đang thịnh hành, phổ biến khắp Lý Có quan hệ, có liên hệ, gắn liền đổi ca Đáp ứng, thoả mãn Mệnh lệnh thờng trực Nghi ngờ, nghi, hoài nghi, ngờ vực Nhận ca Thuỷ triều Sự nhìn, sức nhìn, tầm nhìn Bất thứ Test no.6 Stowage plan and port rotation When drawing up the cargo stowage plan, the Master and the First Mate must ensure that the cargo can be stowed making maximum use of all cargo handling equipment in every port The cargo should be so distributed that the ship will always have a reasonable trim, with broken stowage and stresses due to uneven loading kept to a minimum When cargo has to be discharged at several ports, great care must be taken to ensure that the cargo for one port is not stowed above cargo for delivery at a port due to visit earlier When a stowage plan is being drawn up by the stevedores, the ship should always draw up its own plan of the actual loading sequence In this way the ship's officer can very quickly see when overstowing is likely to occur and take preventive action When loading cargo at intermediate ports, the ship's officer should ensure that the space allotted for each port is not exceeded, otherwise there may be insufficient space remaining and cargo shutout at the last port to be visited 10 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no.25 Mariners operating in extremely cold condition may become affected by frostbite With this in mind, the following guidelines are laid down: The more gradual the thawing, the less paint and reaction will occur and the greater will be the chance of survival; incorrect treatment by rapid application of heat causes the loss of a limb Remove the clothing over the affected part with extreme care; when the frozen tissues commence to thaw, the blood vessel dilates and the part becomes swollen and extremely painful as if it were intensely inflamed Removing rings, watches, shoes and anything of constricting nature Gently rub this part with snow or ice-cold water and endeavour to warm the tissue with the heat of the hands alone Never allow any warm water to be used, not allow exposure to the heat of a fire or hot water bottle Wrap the parts in a thick layer of cotton wool and elevate them on a soft pillow-in this way swelling may be reduced Test no.26 The main consideration for restricting the maximum rate at which a vessel may load is to prevent the excessive buildup of pressure within the pipeline system This is governed by a number of factors including the diameter of the smallest section of pipe in the system; the material from which the pipe is constructed, the angle and frequency of bends, etc The ability of the gas given off by the cargo to disperse at a safe distance from a possible ignition source is a separate consideration and depends mainly upon the design of the outlet section of the gas line and its position in relation to the deck and superstructure The diameter of the gas line has been carefully considered in most cases and as a general rule, a size of times larger than the minimum size required to freely liberate all the gas that will be given off by the cargo being loaded at the maximum loaded rate, has been chosen 20 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no.27 If fire breaks out in a ready accessible position, for example, the "tween deck", then the following is suggested course of action: (i) Never open up a hatch until charged lines of hose are in readiness and men are ready with breathing apparatus on (ii) Never enter thick smoke without a guide line, if possible, always work in pairs, as this gives confidence and enables the helping of one another in case of emergency (iii) One in smoke, shuffle - don't walk - keep weight on rear foot, feel with the other by sliding forward in order to detect any obstruction Move forward with the hand raised in front of the face, lightly clenched, back of the hand leading, so that in the event of touching "live" cables, the hand will be thrown clear and the danger of the grasping the cable obviated (iv) Minimize damage by using hand controlled branches, whenever possible (v) Remember water used for firefighting is only doing its best work when being turned into steam Test no.28 Oil has a wide range of flash points As far as ships are concerned, they may vary from -500 F (petroleum product) to in excess of 1500F (heavy fuel oil) Obviously oil with a flash point as low as -50 0F cannot be cooled below their flash point by applying water, in a spray or any other form, as a quantity of heat extracted by the latent heat of evaporisation would be insufficient to reduce the temperature of the burning material below its flash point It is completely useless to attempt to extinguish a low flash point oil fire by applying water, although the spread of a low flash point oil fire can be contained by an efficient water spray It is possible, however, to extinguish a relatively high flash point fire by the use of water spray, but this calls for skillful application and suitable conditions 21 50 Tests for Operation Officers 22 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no.29 Radio pratique Subject to a vessel holding a valid Japanese Sanitary Inspection Certificate, free pratique may be granted by radio which will allow the vessel to enter port and berth without the need for further clearance The certificate is valid for one year Application for a sanitary inspection may be made through the Agent at any of the ports where quarantine examinations are carried out A request for radio pratique should be addressed to the port to be visited, submitted through the Agent, not less than 12 hours before arrival The request should be prefixed with the abbreviation RPM, followed by: 1) Name of vessel 2) Number (in full digits) of the Japanese Sanitary Inspection Certificate 3) Port and date of departure 4) Intermediate ports of call 5) Name of Japanese port of entry and estimated and time of arrival 6) Issuing authority and the date of De-ratisation Certificate and whether Deratting or Exemption 23 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no.30 Pilotage Arrangements for pilots should be made through agents in Japan If this is not possible, pilots may be requested by radio, addressed to the pilots association or the harbour master of the particular port, well in advance of arrival Pilotage area, in which pilots associations are established are as followed: Hakata Sascbo Hososima Shimbara Wan Ise wan Shimizu Kagosima Tagono Ura Mikawa Wan Tokyo Nagasaki Tokyo Wan Naha Yokosuka Pilotage is compulsory in Sascbo, port in Tokyo Wan, Irago suido Traffic Route (first occasion), Urage Suido and Nakano - se Traffic Route Japanese pilot boats normally have a green or black hull, with Pilot Jetter in white on both sides, and a white superstructure Exceptions in the general rule in the case of major ports are indicated in the text The signals for a pilot are those laid down in the International Code of Signals Each licensed pilot is provided with a copy of the Japanese port regulations, and is instructed to produce it when required by those employing him Members of the Japan Pilot Association have been instructed to obtain the signature of the Master and / or Agent to a form of indemnity with regards to liability in the event of loss or damage to the vessels 24 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 31 Testing the gear The Masters standing orders will delegate the testing of ships navigational equipment to the junior OOW, who must ensure its operational readiness prior to sailing Failure to ensure that all equipment is tested and in working order can lead to critical situations For example, on one occasion, a failure to test the whistle prevented a pilot from communicating urgently, to another vessel in a fairway, that he was turning to starboard On another occasion, the omission to put out the binoculars in the wheelhouse prevented an important landmark from being identified Most errors can be corrected in time, but the aim of good watch keeping practice must be to ensure that the cause of an error chain is avoided Most ships require check lists to be used Standing Orders generally state that the designated officer will verify each item and sign the list before handing it to the Master prior to sailing Alternatively, a two-person system may be used whereby one person reads out the item to be inspected and the other verifies its status Test no 32 Masters standing orders MV Golden Rule For the whole period of his watch, the OOW is responsible for the safety of the ship until such time as he is formally relieved by another officer or the Master, and until that time he shall remain at his place of duty The OOW shall be guided by the contents of international regulations and guidelines, but paying particular attention to the following: - The first and foremost duty of the OOW is the keeping of a GOOD LOOKOUT, using all means available, visual, audible and electronic - The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea are to be strictly observed Do not hesitate to use the whistle or engine in obeying these Regulations When altering course for another vessel, so boldly and in sufficient time to let any other vessel be in no doubt as to your intentions - If you are in doubt as to another vessels intentions, or if the bearing of any vessel on the port side is steady, call the Master, preferably when the range still exceeds five miles 25 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 33 The passage plan Prior to sailing the navigating officer, usually the second officer will have prepared a passage plan which will have been verified by the Master The plan should be laid out from berth to berth and will need to be updated with the latest information at sailing time All watch keeping officers should be familiar with the plan prior to sailing The Master will expect to find, on the bridge prior to sailing, the latest weather information and navigational warnings Any adverse weather which is forecast fog, rain, winds and sea state should be brought to his attention The time of departure will be used to assess: - The height of the tide - Tidal currents The need to ensure that the navigational lights and shapes required by the Regulations are being complied with the estimated times for operations such as when the pilot is due to arrive or leave The OOW should therefore satisfy himself that he has all the required information to modify the passage plan, if necessary, in accordance with changing times Test no 34 The passage plan The OOW should switch on all relevant navigational equipment, calibrate instruments, set up radars and check that all items are working properly The OOW can then fill in the pilot boarding card which will include: - Port and date - The dimensions of the ships - Type of the propulsion and manoeuvring speeds - Turning date - Draught - Any equipment or machinery defects - The latest compass error The manoeuvring date relating to the ship should be prominently displayed on the bridge Prior to sailing it is usually necessary to contact the Harbour Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) on VHF The VTS will need to know the anticipated sailing time at least 30 minutes before sailing so that they can advise inbound or passing traffic to keep clear whilst the ship is manoeuvring off its berth 26 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 35 The passage plan The OOW has an essential role to play in ensuring that, from a navigational point of view, the ship is in all respects ready to proceed to sea and should: - Check that all equipment is operational - Verify that all equipment is properly tuned, calibrated and checked - Record all defects - Prepare all recording systems and ensure that books and logs are to hand with adequate resources of paper - Update the passage plan with respect to time dependent factors - Ensure up-to-date weather information is available - Ensure latest navigational warnings are available - Obtain all relevant VHF working channels to be used during the planned departure - Ensure the watertight integrity of the ship can be controlled - Contact the shore VTS sufficient in advance of the sailing time to enable them to manage the traffic safely - Ensure all communication equipment is functional - Ensure the gangway is taken in and stowed securely Test no 36 Unmooring Many activities will be taking placed and the OOW must make sure that the duties that are assigned to him or her are carried out These will usually be: - Assisting with communications - Handing the telegraph - Operating the bridge engine controls - Recording key information in the bell book or manoeuvring book - Switching on the appropriate navigation lights - Switching off deck lights - Monitoring helm orders - Monitoring engine movements and rudder angles If the OOW has been assigned to the telegraph it is essential to stand near the telegraph until critical manoeuvres are completed The OOW must be attentive to the orders of the pilot and always repeat the order and confirm the engines are responding properly In this way the pilot knows his order is understood 27 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 37 What is meant by monitoring? Monitoring is making sure that an activity is having the desired effect For example, when the pilot orders Port 150, the rudder indicator should be watched to make sure that the rudder turns 150 to port This seems elementary But what would happen if the helmsman instead of putting on 15 of port helm brought the ships head 150 to port? Without monitoring this manoeuvre carefully, a serious mistake could occur The main and valuable role of the OOW during pilotage is to monitor the instruments and progress of the vessel and provide backup to the Master and/ or pilot To monitor progress it is necessary to plot the ships position frequently During pilotage the OOW should know where the ship is and where it will be at predetermined intervals By monitoring the courses steered, the helm movements, and noting the passing of buoys or position off conspicuous point of land, the OOW will be able to assess if a mistake made by the pilot Buoys and floating beacons can be out of place and the ships position should be verified independently whenever possible Test no 38 Taking over the watch Having assisted the Master to check the ships position, the OOW has a duty to be prepared to take over the watch and must: - Confirm where the ship is going by examining the chart, working out the time to the next alter course and the approximate estimated position at the end of the watch - Check the radar is working properly, operate the log and confirm its reading and input - Verify the track, compass errors, course to be steered and mark them on the course and board - Be familiar with the weather forecast and tidal stream - Be familiar with conspicuous buoys and land marks for use in navigation - Note significant changes in depth for comparison with the depth recorder - Look over the side to check that the pilot ladder is in and that there are no other loose items attached to the ship in the water - Look-out to see if there is any threat from traffic in the area 28 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 39 Masters instructions or night orders When the Master formally hands over the watch he should confirm that the OOW is happy with the situation and say You now have the watch The OOW should then repeat I have the watch Before going below he will either write down his instructions in the night order book or in day time tell the OOW when he expects to be called unless there is a need for his presence on the bridge Typically, for an inexperienced junior OOW, the Master may require calling if any ship has a closet point of approach (CPA) of less than miles, and half an hour before the next alternation of course For an OOW with some experience this might be for a CPA of less than mile and 14 minutes before an alter course For an experienced OOW the Master may simply request to be informed of any difficulties and when the ship has altered course in accordance with the plan Test no 40 The value of a good look-out Most ships, during the hours of darkness and in poor visibility, require a crew member to be posted as a look-out, generally on the bridge Such crew members should have good eyesight and be able to communicate with the OOW Sometimes they have eyesight problems and this should be quietly tested by noting when lights are seen The OOW must ensure that the safety of the ship is not put at risk through the inability of the lookout to keep a vigilant watch The effectiveness of the lookout will be considerably increased if he or she is properly briefed about what to expect and when ships and lights should be detected Look-outs should be encouraged to relate what they see to the radar On many ships look-outs are encouraged to keep a visual and radar watch Whenever the look-out is sent below for any reason like calling the watch or calling hands to stations, the OOW must ensure that the visual watch is maintained 29 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 41 Routines and time on watch If the OOW was fully occupied navigating and maneuvering to avoid collision in coastal waters, then there will be time deep sea to other bridge duties For any major project which requires undisturbed concentration like calculating sights or planning a passage the OOW must ask for an additional lookout to be posted to the bridge It is, however, the responsibility of the OOW to make sure that undue reliance is not placed upon an inexperienced lookout The OOW must learn to carry out other bridge duties without becoming distracted from the main purpose of maintaining an effective lookout On no account must the OOW ever leave the bridge without a relief Other duties must be so organized so as not to interfere with the keeping of a proper lookout The use of television and radio entertainment on the bridge must be strongly discouraged in spite of the excuse that they are being used to obtain weather forecasts That fact is that a number of serious accidents involving loss of life have occurred for this reason Test no 42 Preparing for arrival Once landfall has been made the ETA can be worked in more detail allowing for currents Pre-planning should provide details of the VHF radio channels for calling the pilot station, the port coast radio station and the port control centre A number of activities will need to be completed before arrival and the OOW must ensure that all officers and crew are called in time to carry out these tasks The Chief Engineer will need notice to prepare the engines for manoeuvring and to make sure the necessary auxiliaries are available and working The Officer forward will need to prepare the anchors and ensure that the mooring ropes and wires are on deck and the mooring drums operational The pilot ladder and gangway will need to be prepared The Master will need to be informed in time to take charge of the ship when approaching the pilot On many ships, preparation for cargo work will also be taking place 30 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 43 What should the OOW look out for whilst at anchor? As with all previous approaches to keeping a lookout, the first requirement is to assess the level of threat, and this varies according to circumstances There are four types of threat which can all have damaging consequences: - Dragging due to wind and current - Another vessel bearing down on the ship at anchor - Own ship turning one way and a neighbouring ship turning the other way as the tide changes creating a possibility of contact between the vessels - Own ship turning in such a way as to run aground However, anchor bearing should be checked at least every hour and more frequently in conditions of strong currents, wind and waves A useful technique is to use the radar range ring on a conspicuous point ahead or astern of the vessel and this should be checked at similar intervals If the ship appears to be dragging her anchors call the Master immediately Test no 44 What should the OOW look out for whilst at anchor? At an anchorage ships can usually be identified by name Early signs of a problem can often be overcome by communicating on the VHF The OOW must realize that talking may be insufficient to prevent an incident and must be ready to take action If the engines are on stand by be prepared to use them to manoeuvre, even with the anchor down, and call the Master If the OOW suspects that a collision might happen he should sound at least short and rapid blasts on the whistle, flash the aldis and call an officer to go forward urgently to pay out more cable In a river situation it is possible to give the ship a considerable sheer just by applying helm and this manoeuvre should be considered Be prepared to monitor the activities of the crew if they are working over the side 31 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 45 Who is in charge on the bridge? The Masters appearance on the bridge does not relieve the OOW of his responsibilities The OOW is still in charge of the watch until the Master formally takes charges It must be made clear immediately who is in charge of the watch The Nautical Briefing in Annex I deals with this subject in detail To avoid any confusion the OOW must assume he is in charge of the watch unless formally relieved by the Master If the call is made during the hours of darkness, the Master will require a little time to become accustomed to the conditions The OOW must take this into account and allow for this period when deciding to call the Master It may be necessary to obtain the services of the helmsman and additional lookouts These watch keeping tasks should be completed by the OOW immediately they are required The OOW should not delay or await the arrival of the Master on the bridge Under no circumstances is the OOW allowed to leave the bridge Test no 46 Rough weather The ship, in rough weather, is exposed to considerable danger and the OOW must keep a seamanlike eye on crew working on deck, enforcing prohibition if it is too dangerous to go on deck, advising the Master accordingly It is important to check deck cargo and their lashings, the security of fixtures and fittings, and the general safety of the vessels with respect to sea damage and water ingress Large ships in heavy sea have, on occasions, had their bow plates badly damaged without anybody being aware of it The Master should be informed of significant changes of sea state On many ships, of course, he will feel it As a general rule, if the revolutions drop by more than 15% call the Master and be prepared to slow down the engines to reduce the possibility of damage, or alter course to reduce the possibility of damage When doing rounds after a watch, never go on an exposed deck alone in rough weather At night, take a torch to assess any possible damage Use the aldis and deck lights to check hatches and equipment forward from the bridge 32 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 47 Officer of the watch response The OOW must be capable of initiating an appropriate response to an emergency Because the situation may be dangerous and critical it is likely that the OOW will experience a sense of alarm and sudden increase in their heartbeat accompanied by rapid breathing and a tendency to over-react or freeze An emergency calls for immediate response and the sense of alarm must be directed into purposeful action This can best be done if the OOW is properly prepared Being prepared means training, experience and pre-planning The best way to prepare for emergencies is to practice them through drills and exercises Having experienced what to there is considerably less chance that the OOW will feel panic Having become aware of this fact, through studying this section of the book, the OOW can use time on watch to imagine what to in specific emergency situations Test no 48 The use of VHF for collision avoidance The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea make no mention of the use of VHF for collision avoidance The rules have been designed to enable decisions to be made without communication The first requirement therefore is to know the rules and understand how to apply them The use of VHF can cause confusion and uncertainty The unwanted effects can increase the risk of collision for three reasons Firstly, there is no way positively to identify the receiving ship Secondly, even if communication is established there is no guarantee the message will be understood and thirdly, time spent making contact and communication could be better used avoiding a close-quarters situation earlier The advice of The Nautical Institute Council is NOT to use VHF for collision avoidance unless required by local regulations There are, of course, occasions when the use of VHF is helpful For example, where ships are operating in pilotage water and there is direct identification with other ships; then, message can be passed from pilot to pilot in a common language with certainty However, as a general rule, if there is no positive identification of the other ship not use VHF for collision avoidance 33 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 49 The purpose of log books and records They are provided to keep an accurate record of key events from which, with a seamans knowledge, a situation can be reconstructed Records of items like compass variation and deviation are necessary to establish trends from which the Master can decide if the magnetic compass needs correcting of the gyro compass needs servicing Internally, many calculations depend upon information contained in the log Specifically, speed and distance steamed from noon to noon will be used to verify fuel consumption and engine efficiency and to monitor the resistance of the hull Sometimes mistakes are made and frequently it is useful to refer back to an original source of material Ship records are the first items to be studied after an incident If there is a stranding and an insurance claim, or an investigation by the flag State, inspectors will take the chart and log books, examine the standard of navigation and attempt to reconstruct the incident before deciding who is to blame or how much compensation to pay Test no 50 What should be entered in the log? Most log books are laid out in columns and time, weather, sea state, track, course steered, compass error, speed and positions are likely to have columns of their own The narrative section should be thought about from the point of view of a legal advisor who wants to reconstruct what happened following an incident In narrow waters time of departure will be followed with entries like: 1015 Cleared break water; 1100 No.4 Lt Buoy abeam to starboard; 1125 No Lt Buoy 0320T x miles Pilot away; 1140 Ram head 0710T x miles set course 0230T Full away Thereafter, accurate alter course times, positions and new course will need to be recorded For further advice consult the Master and company guidelines The log should then record any unusual event, for example 1115 entered fog, called Master, radars on, engines on standby, COLREGS observed Similarly, entries for rain, heavy seas and ice should be made 34 ... this calls for skillful application and suitable conditions 21 50 Tests for Operation Officers 22 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no.29 Radio pratique Subject to a vessel holding a valid... event of loss or damage to the vessels 24 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no 31 Testing the gear The Masters standing orders will delegate the testing of ships navigational equipment to... operation Sea valves and overboard discharge valves should always be tested between cargoes 15 50 Tests for Operation Officers Test no.17 Special precaution must be taken during tank cleaning and