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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NGUYEN THI HIEN ORIENTATION ON OCCUPATIONAL VALUE OF TODAY PEOPLE’S PUBLIC SECURITY UNDERGRADUATES SUMMARY ON SOCIALOGY DOCTORAL THESIS HANOI – 2016 VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES This thesis is completed at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Supervisor: Assoc Pr Dr Dang Nguyen Anh Critic 1: Assoc Pr Dr Nguyen Thi Kim Hoa Critic 2: Assoc Pr Dr Tran Thi Minh Ngoc Critic 3: Assoc Pr Dr Vu Hao Quang The thesis would be defended before the Academy – Level Thesis Judges at (place) ……………………………………… At (time) .hour .minute, on date month year The thesis is available for reference in the library LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS SUBJECT Nguyen Thi Hien (2015) Societal aspects of access to employment information for People’s public security undergraduates nowadays Sociology Journal Vol (132), 2015, 07 pages Nguyen Thi Hien (2015) An insight into today People’s public security undergraduates’ expectation of working locality Sociology Journal Vol (130), 2015, 07 pages Nguyen Thi Hien (2015) Some concerns about methodology in research on orientation of occupational value for youth Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy Season II – June 2015 05 pages Nguyen Thi Hien (2012) Today orientation of occupational value for learners of public security academies Journal of Security Sciences and Education (8-2012) 04 pages I Introduction Identification of thesis urgency It is statistically pointed out that our country has around 1,900,000 undergraduates (Ministry of Education and Training, 2014), including 80,876 students majoring in People’s public security, accounting for about 4.7% (Ministry of Public Security, 2014) Recent time has observed significant progresses of the People's Security Academy under Ministry of Public Security in education and training and its generous contribution to the education system of the nation in general and the Ministry in particular Curriculum for People's Security Academy undergraduates is highly unique compared to other universities As a part of their program, future security officers are propagandized and educated with politics, ideology and politic virtues, in addition to fundamental and specialized knowledge Students are expected to imbue with the lofty spirit and responsibility of a public security soldier of the people, who can take any mission in anywhere assigned upon leaving the academy Nevertheless, against the backdrop of global integration, rapid evolution of socio-economy and technology, robust innovation of domestic as well as world-wide education and complicated changes in the mission of national defence and social order security, education and training of the public security sector in general and People's Security Academy in particular appear in numerous shortcomings It is evidently shown that many students desire to further pursuit the learnt major in work in a good working environment with fine chance of promotion and they show no less aspiration to take up duties in harsh environment and mission to anywhere designate Meanwhile, some others so over-incline to take cushy job in high-income units and low-risk environment such as cities that they exploit their social circle to seize the job by all means, even before graduation, especially with the fanatical help from their parents From the perspective of Public Security management, this phenomenon significantly disturbs students’ study motivation, let alone the negative impacts on training quality and human resources organization in the sector Questions have been raised in many aspects In what manner are occupational value orientations of People’s Public Security undergraduates who enrol in a full-time course in People's Security Academy (People’s Public Security undergraduates for short) going these days? What are dominant factors in their occupational desire? Are such factors deemed as appropriate or not to Public Security’s requirements and today’s social demand? What solutions or supports should stakeholders give to undergraduates in order to ensure Public Security’s occupational orientation? Answers must be drawn not only from real life, especially public security’s real situations, but also from sciences including Sociology The foregoing prompts the author to delve into “Orientation on occupational value of today People’s Public Security undergraduates” as her doctoral thesis in hopes of shedding some light on given questions Research objectives and tasks 2.1 Research objectives Content and tendency on occupational value orientation of People’s Public Security undergraduates and factors affecting their orientation on occupational value shall be brought to light This is followed by solution recommendations for the undergraduates to identify their occupational value suitable with training objectives and society’s expectation 2.2 Research tasks Realization of the above research objectives involves investigation, survey, collection and processing of information, beside the following key tasks as follow: - To scan through relevant literature, from which the thesis inherits and evolves - To build rationale and methodology, importantly inheriting the essence of Marxist Leninism and Ho Chi Minh ideology to analyse scientifically and thoroughly the students’ behaviour of choosing People’s Public Security as occupation and their expectation of future job - - To study students’ view on being a People’s Public Security officer, then their motivation to enrol in the major as well as information channels and time to which they get exposed about People's Security Academy To get insight into students’ tendency to choose working places or working units, working conditions and environment after graduation from People's Security Academy 2.3 Research questions: In this thesis, research questions to develop as below: What are the cognition and opinion of People’s Public Security undergraduates on their occupational value? Does gender make any difference in job preference among public security undergraduates? How male and female undergraduates, as two groups, expect of their would-be working place, conditions and environment? Do personal characteristics such as age, living place and family background (education, parents’ occupation, family living standard, etc) overshadow People’s Public Security undergraduates’ expectation on working place and working conditions after graduation? Specify such characteristics if any Do gender differences have any influence on the readiness in handling tasks assigned after graduation? What is such influence in particular? 2.4 Research hypotheses: Four hypotheses are given for the foregoing questions: - First hypothesis: In today’s fast-changing context, groups of People’s Public Security undergraduates coming from different family background (such as male/female, rich/poor, etc.) highly value on People’s Public Security as an occupation - Second hypothesis The number of female undergraduates majoring in People’s Public Security who love their job and wish to work in safe and low- risk conditions with high salary is higher than that of male undergraduates - Third hypothesis: The number of undergraduates from better-off families who wish to work for Ministry of Public Security or Provincial (Municipal) Public Security is higher than that of undergraduates from families with average or low living standard - Fourth hypothesis: Gender differences are also reflected in the readiness in handling tasks assigned Male undergraduates tend to show better readiness than females Subject, object and research scope of the thesis 3.1 Research subject Research subject of the thesis is: Orientation on occupational value of today people’s public security undergraduates 3.2 Research object People’s public security undergraduates in age of 21 – 28;as well, officers and lecturers who provide in-depth information 3.3 Scope of research 3.3.1 Content of research matters This research focuses on considering value orientation of students who are studying at People’s Security Academy for their future career In particular, what are things deemed important by them to choose and pursue a career? To clarify matters mentioned above, the thesis focuses on finding out students' perceptions about the public security profession prior to their enrolment and study, the reasons to study public security , time/information channel from which the students are aware of this profession, and expectations of the students on working place, working conditions and environment after graduation 3.3.2 Location of research People’s Security Academy is chosen as the base of survey, which makes the research a case study in the light of sociology 3.3.3 Time of research The research period is understood as active time of the study subjects, which would be defined as spanning from prior-2010 to now The survey is conducted in two phases from October 2013 to June 2014 at the People's Security Academy (each phase lasts for over two weeks) Methodology and research method 4.1 Research Methodology The researcher lays her thesis methodology on Marxist Leninism - a theory of scientific cognition and world improvement method "Marxist methodology stems from the perception that cognitive approaches base on the objective laws of nature and society A cognitive method can become a scientific methodology only when it reflects the objective law of reality itself Therefore, the principles and categories and concepts of a scientific methodology are in no case the man-made arbitrary rules, but the denotation of the law of nature as well as human" (M.M Rodentan, 1986: 461) The thesis also applies Ho Chi Minh ideology, the views of Communist Party, the Directives, Resolutions and Circulars of the Ministry of Public Security as the lodestar for its research pursuit 4.2 Research method 4.2.1 In-depth Interview For this thesis, in-depth interview is an important method to collect qualitative information We choose the following subjects to conduct in-depth interview: - Undergraduates ranging from freshman to fifth-year students This is totalled 45 students, including 32 male students and 13 female students - Officers and lecturers under departments, faculties and divisions of People’s Security Academy This is totalled 11 people The in-depth interview aims to provide clearer explanation of the acquired quantitative research results as well as to add new information that quantitative research has not specified 4.2.2 Interview Questionnaire The content of questionnaire includes many parts in accordance with research objectives and hypotheses For the questionnaire’s accuracy, the questions are arranged according to a certain structure The questions are given in multi-levels and different meanings To ensure comfort for the respondents and reliability of obtained information, the questionnaires are diversified: close and open questions, mix and filter questions The rating scale is operationalized according to standards of questionnaire preparation in sociological survey The questionnaire shall be tested before mass implementation 4.2.3 Document Analysis In this research, analysis is considered as an important method Available literature would be used as a basis for supplementation and comparison with these research results, which then enables the author to confirm the known findings as well as gain new discoveries that are left unresolved or vague by the earlier studies The researcher has encountered many difficulties while searching available documents Since studies of occupational value orientation especially for people’s public security undergraduates are poorly documented, this thesis unavoidably inherits only a limited research legacy 4.2.3 The variables and schema for the analysis Independent variables: includes personal characteristics: gender, priority and school year; Family backgrounds: standard of living, residence, main livelihood and qualification of parents; whether one has any relative practising public security, and so on Dependent variables refer to occupational value orientation including: opinions on careers of people’s public security undergraduates; reason for participating in People’s Security Academy; Expectations on working place, working conditions and environment of the students after graduation Intervening variables include socio-economic factors (industrialization, modernization, market economy, the development of science and technology, etc.), industry regulations and policies, teaching, human resource appointment and allocation, etc The bellow is schema for the analysis: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT Family: - Location of residence - Student’s family living standard - Occupation, qualification of students’ parents, social relationship, etc Individual: - Gender, age - School year - Priority Occupational value orientation of people’s public security undergraduates - Opinions on People’s Security career - Reason for participating in People’s Security Academy - How the student is exposed to Public Security sector Expectations of students on: * Place of working * Working conditions * Working environment Institutions: Documents, policies for allocation and reception of officers of public security Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH MATTER It can be historically seen that, value in its general sense as well as aspects of value orientation has drawn a lot of scientific attention, especially from sociologists Typical examples are the West Europe’s research projects such as Division of Labour in Society (1893) and “Suicide” (1897) conducted by Emile Durkheim, Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904) In North America, in the light of the theory of functions, T Parson (1950) also carried out in-depth analysis of “fundamental values” and believed that once they were formed, it was difficult to change these values, regardless of social disorders However, his theory contributed not much in explaining the transformation of the American society after the Second World War Therefore, until the 1970s, a new research approach on values had formed in the U.S Representatives for this approach consist of Inglehart, Valdiney V.Gouveia, Francisco José B de Albuquerque, Miguel Clemnet and Pablo Espinosa Meanwhile, in the Eastern Europe, the research on values was paid attention by some researchers such as Zđravom xlov, Doddorov, and Kuznexov who shared their attitudes with Inglehart and believed that each society had a typical value system Individuals’ value orientation changed to some certain extent when the social conditions changed Among typical empirical researches on values, Ginijetsinski’s project conducted in 1992 must be cited Based on empirical evidences, he confidently concluded that the value orientation system always changes [54, p.16] In Asia, Ushiogi Morikazu and Makoto (2005) carried out the research on value transformation of Japan youth, who live in a highly industrialized country These authors presented that socioeconomic changes put tremendous impact on the youth, particularly in terms of traditional values such as marriage and family [91] 10 As an Oriental country, Vietnam also places its research emphasis on value and value orientation In 1999, in the capital of Hanoi, the National Centre for Social Sciences and Humanities and the Denmark-based Nordic Institute of Asian Studies co-chaired the International Conference on Asian Values and Vietnam’s Development Pre-1999 period saw works on value and value orientation well documented and no less interest in these topics have been seen henceforth Typical authors worth-mentioning are Tran Van Giau (1980), Phan Huy Le and Vu Minh Giang (1980), Pham Minh Hac (1994), Nguyen Quang Uan (1995), Do Ngoc Ha (2002), Tran Xuan Vinh (1995), and recently Tran Ngoc Them (2016) For value orientation, it is widely believed that: in the competitive labour market, the young tend to build themselves one or even multiple professions so as to gain easier opportunity of employment However, selection of careers and jobs is rather spontaneous and depending on the current labour market Many young people misconceive occupational value orientation, which is proved in that youngsters choose only high-paid jobs and are not keen on career in agriculture, forestry and fishery It cannot help mentioning works and doctoral theses concerning the occupational value orientation of young people For example, “Impacts of the family tradition on the value orientation of the youth” (Can Huu Hai, 2002) proves the vital role of family traditional career towards one’s career planning With the research “Undergraduates’ value orientation”, Pham Tat Thang (2009) presents that the gender, residence and parents’ career have influence on the selection of working places after leaving the universities and colleges “Occupational orientation of people’s public security undergraduates: Situation and solution” by Nguyen Van Tinh (1999) finds that a majority of undergraduates head for units specializing in economic security and investigation security, while the percentage of other units is insignificant Meanwhile, the work 11 Selection of military career of Vietnam People’s Army Soldier nowadays conducted by Nguyen Dinh Thang (2009) indicates Vietnam People’s Army officers’ recognition of military activities as a special career for social promotion and life assurance [66], among other findings Review on works of preceding authors indicates that value and value orientation of the youth have drawn lots of research efforts in different approaches, from both Eastern and Western worlds They are important prerequisites on which we rely to implement our research It is hoped that this Orientation on occupational value of today people’s public security undergraduates will have new findings, diversifying the source of knowledge which is being formed Chapter RATIONALE AND PRACTICAL BASIS 2.1 Working concepts 2.1.1 Concepts 2.1.1 Concept of value Value concept is understood from various aspects: economics, cultural studies, psychology and sociology American anthropologist Cl Kluckhohn believed that “Value refers to the attitude toward specific wishes implicit or explicit to an individual or a group and impacting the selection of modes, means or objections of action” Sociologist Fichter believed that “All things which are beneficial to, loved by and admirable to individuals or the society have a value” He also classified values into personality value, social value and cultural value (Fichter, 1973:175) Therefore, it can be said that, the value brings about attitudes and wishes characterizing all things meaningful to human beings The value influences the modes and motives of human actions The value changes when the time goes by 12 2.1.2 Value orientation Value orientation refers to the direction leading subjects of actions to follow selected norms and standards and make decisions in sudden situation (unanticipated) (Talcott Parsons, and Edward A Shils, 1951) Kon, another researcher, believed “Value orientation is the overall system of psychosphere under which individuals (or groups) perceive the situation and select the corresponding mode of action” (Kon, 1967) 2.1.3 The orientation on occupational value of people’s public security undergraduates The above rationale rounds our belief that orientation on occupational value of people’s public security undergraduates consists of conceptions, wishes, and aspirations regarding their future occupational value which are reflected by the expectations with respect to working places, working conditions and working 2.2 Concept operationalization The core concept of this thesis, which is occupational value orientation, is operationalized into intermediate indicators including conception of profession; reason for enrolment in the Academy; time/information channel for profession exposure; working places, conditions and environment after leaving the Academy These indicators are further manipulated into empirical indicators 2.3 Theoretical approaches 2.1.3 Value orientation theory Value orientation theory is one of the most powerful value theories, which is further developed from the value conception of Clyde Kluckhohn (1951): “Value refers to the attitude toward specific wishes implicit or explicit to an individual or a group and impacting the selection of modes, means or objections of action” [99] In the light of this theory, the author will analyze and classify the orientation on occupational value of undergraduates of People’s Security Academy as follow: 1/ Academy’s graduates elect to attend 13 this training facility or other specific working place 2/ Academy’s undergraduates elect/desire any specific working place after the graduation 2.1.2.2 Rational choice theory Derived from economics and anthropology, the rational choice theory believes that the human always makes reasonable actions by considering pros and cons, gains and losses in order to make a decision in his favour However, the theory focuses on two restrictions on the action Firstly, it is scarce resource For those with less or limited resources, accomplishment is difficult or impossible Secondly, the limited resource is institutional, which restricts existing choices of the subjects of actions, i.e limits the outcomes of the subjects of actions [94, tr.166-169] Rational choice theory is applied to the thesis to delve into objectives, plans and certain values which students pursue before entering the Academy, analyze resources of undergraduates/their families and institutional restrictions impacting undergraduates’ occupational preference 2.4 Socio-economic background For this paper, in addition to selection of value by undergraduates and other factors, socio-economic background, Party guidelines, the State’s policies and laws and regulations of the Public Security Sector in relation to establishment of people’s security force (Law on the People's Public Security Forces2015 and other documents) are deemed as important practical basis 2.5 Research location and objects 2.5.1 Research location: People’s Security Academy is chosen as the research location as this place has conditions sufficient for a case study of Sociology 2.5.2 Research objects: They are security officer undergraduates studying in People’s Security Academy, ranging from the first to fifth year, aged 21-28 14 Chapter CONCEPTION AND MEDITATION IN VALUE ORIENTATION OF PEOPLE’S PUBLIC SECURITY UNDERGRADUATES 3.1 Conception of people’s public security undergraduates of the public security sector Conception of people’s public security undergraduates on the public security sector is presented in aspects: income, social status and social prestige of a people’s public security officer The survey results show that a majority of undergraduates appreciate social status and social prestige of people’s public security For income, public security officers are deemed earning on par with State employees; however, living standard currently impacts the conception of the status of public security work Table 3.2: Family living standard and evaluation on the public security work (Unit: %) Evaluation on the Family living standard Mean No public security BetterAverage Poor work off High social status 75.0 61.0 41.9 62.1 Social status like 23.9 37.6 51.6 36.3 other works Status Lower social status 0.0 0.0 6.5 0.3 than other works Others 1.1 1.4 0.0 1.3 High social 83.7 85.9 51.6 83.9 prestige Social prestige like 15.2 13.3 41.9 15.0 Prestige other works Low social prestige 0.0 0.6 6.5 0.8 Others 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 N 92 503 31 626 Source: Survey results in People’s Security Academy (2014) 15 Particularly regarding prestige, four fifths undergraduates (85.2% and 83.1%) in both urban and rural group evaluates that it has high social prestige The test result has statistical significance with p = 0.041 (Chi2 test) 3.2 Reasons for taking the entrance exam to People’s Security Academy Most concerned reasons are interest, prompt chance of employment upon graduation, free tuition and advices of parents and relatives However, in in-depth interviews, the undergraduates frequently mention two important reasons such as free tuition and available opportunity of job Gender differentiation is presented through two reasons: interest and free tuition Female undergraduates interested in public security outnumber men In contrast, there are more male undergraduates who pursue this sector for economic reason (free tuition) than females 3.3 Time, information sources/channels for undergraduates to get aware of People’s Security Academy Time for access to information on People’s Security Academy is divided into terms: half year, one year and two years before the entrance exam A majority of students get exposed to the Academy half year before the entrance exam This is reasonable since this time sees students preparing for the High School Graduation Exam and enrolment for the university entrance exam 3.4 Desired working places after the graduation The survey results show a high homogeneity in expectations for the working place of undergraduates A majority of undergraduates (90%) desires to work for: Ministry of Public Security (or equivalent units) and Provincial/municipal public security Preference for work in other levels is seen with a low rate 16 Graph 3.7 Expectations for working places of people’s public security undergraduates Unit: % Public Security Provincial/City Ministerial agencies (or public security Department or ministerial-level units) Urban, rural district Ward, commune – Other public places – level public level security security working Source: Survey results in People’s Security Academy (2014) 3.5 Desired working conditions after the graduation There are six features of a desired working environment for a majority of undergraduates They are safety, low risk; high income; proximity to one’s family; opportunity of learning and qualification improvement; opportunity of promotion; working with the learned major Among these conditions, proximity to one’s family is the most desirable for undergraduates of two last years Three years’ undergraduates show higher degree of preference for high income jobs Those whose parents are farmers tend to appreciate the chance to work with their learned major more than other groups It is noticeable that one fifth undergraduates is not ready to perform any tasks assigned by their organization and hesitates to make their choices Thus, the research results show undergraduates’ diverse occupational value orientation after graduation 17 3.6 Desired working environment after the graduation In this part, on the basis of the actual working environment in the public security sector, the author presents assumptions on working environment: sociability, equality; high discipline, comfortability; and others The survey results show that sociability, equality and high discipline are important criteria focused by the people’s public security undergraduates This prompts public security authorities to pay further care in creation of a good working place satisfying the expectations of undergraduates and assuring their service Chapter SOME FACTORS AFFECTING ORIENTATION OF OCCUPATIONAL VALUE OF PEOPLE’S PUBLIC SECURITY UNDERGRADUATES 4.1 Gender of People’s Public Security undergraduates There are significant differences in occupational preference of People’s Public Security undergraduates attributable to gender While male undergraduates tend to choose challenging jobs in anywhere, female undergraduates consider and tend to choose safe jobs with low risks and high income and fixed to a specific location 4.2 Age groups of People’s Public Security undergraduates Age, among others, can be used to gauge one’s experience and it affects the awareness and behaviours of human beings This thesis considers age with the same level of importance However, most of models point out no impact of age with statistical significance Since the study range of age is merely from 21 to 28 years old, it is understandable that there is not much difference 4.3 Living standards of People’s Public Security undergraduates’ families Household living standards tremendously overshadow the occupational options and occupational awareness as well as 18 occupation expectations of undergraduates Particularly, ratio of undergraduates with average and better-off living standards selecting this sector because of free tuition is lower than that of undergraduates with poor living standards(ratios are 0.388 and 0.343, respectively) In other words, the higher living standards undergraduates have, the lower chance of their dedication to this sector is because of economic reasons Societal appreciation of public security occupation by undergraduate with average living standards is 3.73 times as much as ones with poor living standards The higher living standards undergraduates have, the more they appreciate the public security sector, which is reflected by opinion about the social prestige of the public security sector 4.4 Residence of People’s Public Security undergraduates Results of regression analysis show that undergraduates in urban areas select the sector on advices of their parents, which is only 0.592 times as much as undergraduates in rural areas (other factors in the model unchanged) This difference is statistically significant at confidence level of 95% (OR = 0.592, 95% CI = 0.37-0.94) 4.5 Family background of People’s Public Security undergraduates’ families This analysis calls for an independent variable as whether one has relatives working in the sector and the dependent variables as one’s choosing the sector because of their interest and expectation for safe working conditions at low risks Results of regression analysis show that passion of the sector and enrolment in the Public Security Academy of undergraduates with relatives working in the sector are 10 times as much as ones of undergraduates without relatives working in the sector The desire for a safe working environment with lower risks of undergraduates with relatives working in the sector is 2.2 times higher than undergraduates without relatives working in the sector 19 Box 4.3 Parents are police and reason for selecting Public Security Academy My parents work in the sector, my mother is working in a public security agency of district level and my father is working in a provincial public security agency I have seen their difficulties in work However, thanks to their early disciplinary education when I was small, I feel like succeeding their career On the other hand, my father suggests me to follow this occupation He said that they would not have to worry about my occupation and working place after my graduating Therefore, I determine to select this sector (said a female 4th year undergraduate, major of TSCGD MSPV0024) 4.6 Education level of People’s Public Security undergraduates’ parents Testing results of the regression model concerning relation between education level of parents and the perception of income in Public Security sector have found that education level of parents has a clear influence Especially, undergraduates whose father has tertiary education or higher schooling level tend to consider income in public security lower than other sectors On the other hand, the higher the father’s education level is, the lower consideration of “income in the Public Security sector is higher than other sectors” is 4.6 Occupations of People’s Public Security undergraduates’ parents For the assumption that “Public Security practitioners earn more than other sectors”, the number of undergraduates approving this, whose mothers are farmers and fathers are traders, is 2-3 times higher than that of ones whose mothers have other jobs and fathers are farmers or officers or workers In the determination of “position of Public Security sector is higher than other sectors”, the number of undergraduates whose mothers is farmers and fathers are traders are more than ones whose mothers are traders and fathers are farmers 20 Conclusion and recommendations CONCLUSION Inheriting the achievements and experience of previous authors (chapter 1), and based on rationale and practice defined quite clearly (chapter 2), we have had a deep insight into the orientation of occupational value of People’s Public Security undergraduates against an ever-changing social context of Vietnam today By far, in the light of objectives, tasks, questions and hypotheses, the research deems come up with the following findings: For value orientation of undergraduates: The research shows that most undergraduates appreciate the social position of Public Security as a prestigious occupation, regardless the various degrees among the groups They generally select this sector because of their interest, free tuition and prompt chance of employment after graduating However, they wish to work in the Ministerial – level units or provincial units (90% does), rather than mission to far-away lands Among factors constituting conditions, working place near one’s house is considered as the most attractive condition Of course, there are differences between various groups of undergraduates For example, undergraduates of first three years are interested in high income, while undergraduates whose parents are farmers pay special attention to work in the sector which they are trained It is specially noted that one fifth of undergraduates are not ready to take their duties For working environment after graduating, most of undergraduates wish to work in friendly, equal and disciplined environment Therefore, just as other Vietnamese students and youth in general, value orientation of People’s Public Security undergraduates is being made in both positive and negative trends, among which the positive trend predominates 21 For important factors in orientation of occupational value of undergraduates: Against the backdrop of a transforming society, there are many actors which have important influences on Public Security undergraduates’ orientation of occupational value , but due to the limited scope, the thesis should just mention the closest and most direct factors For example, concerning gender, while male undergraduates are willing to go anywhere and choose challenging jobs, female undergraduates prefer safe and low-risk jobs in a determined geographical area In choosing occupations, the higher living standards undergraduates have, the more they choose Public Security for its social position and prestige but not for free tuition Residence and family background are also critical factors The number of students, who have relatives working in Public Security sector, choosing the Academy is 10 times higher, and wishing for a safe working place is 2.2 times higher than that of others Similarly, parents of various education level and occupations would give their children differentiated advice on their choice of Public Security sector The survey data evidently shows that motivation of choosing occupation and expectation of Public Security graduates are dominated by a wide range of social actors Understanding and promoting this young workforce inevitably take into account such important factors Spotlighting the entire matter of research against the backdrop of our country socio-economy, it is of no overstatement that while orientating their occupational value,, most of Public Security undergraduates today still inherit and develop the people’s traditional spiritual values as well as the noble qualities of their predecessors This is reflected through their appreciation of social status and reputation of Public Security sector and their readiness to mission anywhere and take any duty assigned by their organization In the process of globalization and international integration, along with advancement of science and technology, especially information 22 technology, they also absorb new values such as the equality among generations, gender equality, and respect for individual freedom, among others, to become revolutionary soldiers of a new era Of course, while money is crowned in a market economy and some uncontrolled foreign cultural trends are spreading over social networks, such negative tendencies as money obsession, being shy of far-away mission or dangerous jobs, etc, are unavoidable Two theories as selected, which are value orientation and rational/reasonable choice, enlighten us about this phenomenon These are scientific arguments that the research has brought out for adjustment of curriculums as well as the policies on training high quality human resources to meet the requirements of the country in a new period It should be ultimately said that Occupational value orientation of Public Security undergraduates today is a difficult wringer because value is a cultural spiritual concept which is, very abstract and elusive Meanwhile, qualifications of the researcher are very limited Therefore, in this research, the author just mentions value orientation of Public Security undergraduates in relation to the most familiar independent variables such as age, gender, family context, residence, still operation and development of value orientation also relate to a lot of macro variables such as industrialization and modernization, market economy, progress of science, engineering and technology, globalization and international integration Holding in mind such generic perception, we are aware that our research is just at the first step on a long way We hope what left unresolved by this thesis would be worked out in the future RECOMMENDATIONS Besides opening to catch up with values of human civilization, it is an essential task for us to confirm and promote our people’s 23 traditional cultural values This is the springboard for young generations, including Public Security undergraduates, to integrate into the modern world and at the same time sustain national identities – which mean they are inclusive rather than dissolved In particular, we need to focus on propaganda and education on occupational value orientation for undergraduates, pay attention to gender differences to arrange and admit students into appropriate sectors and majors; as well, allocation of newly-graduated officers also takes account into these Regular emulation movements for good study and practice should be organized among students This aims to create a motivating learning and practicing environment for would-be people’s soldiers to “temper” themselves, sharpen their learning spirit and strive to become highly proficient People’s Public Security officers who are master of laws, sensitive to the political affairs, ready to go anywhere and complete any tasks that they are assigned Beside diversifying information channels for undergraduates and their families, need should be raised for pointing out the downside of the market economy, foreign culture and giving students more choices for their value orientation 24 ... worth-mentioning are Tran Van Giau (1980), Phan Huy Le and Vu Minh Giang (1980), Pham Minh Hac (1994), Nguyen Quang Uan (1995), Do Ngoc Ha (2002), Tran Xuan Vinh (1995), and recently Tran Ngoc Them (2016)... sector and their readiness to mission anywhere and take any duty assigned by their organization In the process of globalization and international integration, along with advancement of science and... follow: - To scan through relevant literature, from which the thesis inherits and evolves - To build rationale and methodology, importantly inheriting the essence of Marxist Leninism and Ho Chi Minh