Menh de quan he xiic djnh Defining relative clauses va menh dc quan he khong xac dinh Non-defining relative clauses * Menh dc quan he xac djnh Defining relative clauses - La loai menh
Trang 1A di
d B d
o C shoul
d d
o D t
A t
o tak
e car
e B take
s car
e C too
k car
e D tak
s C mad
e D makin
g
The clients demande
A openin
g B opene
d C ope
n D t
in English?
A wil
l ge
t B get
s C ge
t D woul
retake the exam
d tha
t al
l pupils_
A sta
y B stay
_
A tha
t I diet
e allowe
d
inside their classroo
m
kind to others
l hi
s education
A continu
e B continuin
g C t
o continu
e
The director request
A t
o mai
l B b
e maile
d C t
o b
e maile
d D mailin
g
Long may the Queen
A liv
e B live
s C livin
A t
o com
e B shoul
d com
e C woul
A t
o tak
e B take
s C tak
e
The teacher ordere
d tha
t th
e student
s talking
A sto
p B shoul
d sto
p C stoppe
e C b
e D t
B spen
t C shoul
d spen
d D A
Trang 223 It is suggestion that my brother when our family are on holiday
A not be working B be working
C shouldn't work D not work
24 "Have you received the gift sent from London yet?"
"No, but it's possible that it in a few days"
A will come B comes C come D has come
25 I'd rather you that present
A not give B wouldn'd give C didn't give D give
Exercise 2: Give the right form of the verbs in brackets to complete the following sentences
1 It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine twice a day
2 I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill
3 Mrs Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) immediately Her apartment was freezing
4 It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system What we do now will affect our country for generations to come
5 The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until they had removed their shoes
6 I am not goi-ng to sit here and let her insult me I demand that she immediately (apologize) for what she just said
7 Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week
8 Was it really necessary that (sit) I there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again
9 It is important to remember that Janine (think) very differently from you She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company
10 It's a little difficult to find the restaurant I, propose that we all (drive)
together so that nobody gets lost along the way
11 The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be paged
12 The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily fat intake
13 The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay
14 She told me that the government (regulate) the airline industry I don't know if that is true
15 The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after eating a large meal
16 It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons
17 The sun is scorching today I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you gel a sun bum
18 John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend
93
Trang 3d (work ) toward
s a solution
to
global
warming before
the weather pattern
s of the w or ld are disrrupted
irreparably
PH AN 7:
ME NH D
E Q UA
N HE
RE LA TI VE C LA US E)
A LY T Hl
G C
AO
Tieng A nh c6
2 loa
i cau :
- Cdu clan gidn:
la cau c6
la loai ca
u c
6 2 thanh phan (2 inenh de) chinh/ph
i nhau
Dai ti rQ H/
Chirc nang Ch
i
nguoi Ch
that Wh
ic
h, that
that
painting
The bag
which/that i
s gree
n i
s mine
Tan ngir
• W ho , wh om , that
Wh ic
h, that
The woman
The film
which/thai I
watched yesterday
is
interesting
So hiru Whose
Of wh ic h/
whose
The boy
whose father died of
a king cancer look
s
very miserable
I rea
d a
novel tlie
content of which /whose
content
is ver
y magic
* Ch
u y : Nhirn
g tru-on
g ho
p dun
g 'that ' m
a khon
g diin
g 'which' Dun
Ng uo
+ Kh
everything, much, little, nothing
hay mot s
o dan
h ti
r lie
t ke
Eg: 1 met man
y people , thei
- I want t
- Al
l th
e students ' bes
t painting
s tha
t w il
e exhibited
g d
e mo dau cho menh de quan
Eg 1: 1 always
miss the small villag
e wher
e I was b om and grew
up
94
Trang 4= I always miss the small village in which I was bom and grew up
Eg 2: She still remember the airport where she tlrst arrived
= She still remember the airport at which she first arrived
Eg 3: He angrily broke the table where she put her ex-husband's letters
= He angrily broke the table on which she put her ex-husband's letters
Note: Where = in which; where = on which; where = at which
* Trang tir quan he "when' diing de mo dau cho menh de quan he thay the cho danh
tir chi thoi gian dung truoc no
Eg 1: She can't forget the day when they first met each other
= She can't forget the day on which they first met each other
Eg 2: 7 00 was remarkable time when we signed our contract
= 7 00 was remarkable time at which we signed our contract
Eg 3: December is an important month when we have a lot of festivals
= December is an important month in which we have a lot of festivals
Note: When = in which; when = on which; when = at which
* Trang tir quan he "why' diing de ma dau cho menh de quan he thay the cho
danh tir the reason' dung triroc no
Eg I didn't know the reason why you left me
3 Menh de quan he xiic djnh (Defining relative clauses) va menh dc quan he khong xac dinh (Non-defining relative clauses)
* Menh dc quan he xac djnh (Defining relative clauses)
- La loai menh de bat buoc phai c6 mat a trong cau, neu bo di cau se mat y nghTa
ban dau Nen dung that lam chii ngir cho loai can nay mac di^i uliicli \an diroc clifip
nhan Cau phu thirirng dung xen vao giira cau chinh hoac noi licMi voi cau chinh \ khong tach roi khoi no boi bat ci'r dau phay nao Trong vi dii sau neu bo di menli dc phu dirge gach chan thi cau se mang y ngliTa hoan toan khac:
EG: - The man who sits next me in my English class is a manager of a big company
- The girl who loved him very much killed herself last night
* Menh de quan he khong xac djnh (Non-defining relative clauses)
- La loai menh de mang thong tin plui \ c6 tinh chat bo sung ihcm tiiong tin chu
khong CO diing de mo ta, xac dinh va nhan dien danh tir di'rng triroc ncS \ the trong
cau, neu bo no di cau khong mat nghTa ban dau Cau phu thiiong diing chen vao giira cau chinh va bat buoc phai tach khoi cau chinh bang 2 dau phay Xem hai vi du sau;
Eg 1; His best friends, whom he belives most, has left him
Eg 2: Eve given his address to Mrs Hoa, who was his old classmate
Chu y: Menh de quan he khong xac dinh thiidng duoc diing khi danh tir no tha\e o
trong nhirng trirong iigp cii the nhir sau:
4- Di kem voi cac tir so hiru va dirpc xem la duy nhat c6 the xac dinh de dang
Eg: 1 his is my father, who is very strict to me
i- Di kem voi cac danh tir chi ten rieng
Eg: K i m Lien village, which always reminds me of my sweet childhood, has become a tourist place now
i- Di kem voi cac dai tir chi djnh 'this, that, these, those, '
95
Trang 5Eg: Thes
e computers, whic
h ou
r schoo
l ar
e using, wer
Eg: Th
e 8 o'clock
menh
de ph
u ba
t bupc, kh
Eg: The travelers wh
Eg: The travelers,who
knew about th
e flood, too
k anothe
r road
photos over there com
e fro
m London
Those people
taking photos
over there
come from London
Eg 2 : Th
Eg 1
Th
e bo
y who was given
a present
is m
y son
Eg 2 Th
The motorbikes mad
clai tir (/nan he khi no lam tan ngCr trong
can)
Eg: I enjoy the book
which / that yo
u len
t m
e yesterday
4 3 Relativ
n th
e moon
Neil Amstron
g wa
s the first person
to land
on the moon
Eg 2 Ma
5 Cac
h si
r dun
g All, Both, Some,
Several, Most, Few +
Of+ Whom/
Which
Xem cac v
i d
u sau:
Eg 1
He
r sons, bot
e buses, som
e o
f whic
h w crc overloa
d luggage, wer
c6 the lam tan ngir cho menh de phu cung luc
u
96
Trang 6What happened to him yesterday might happen to us tomorrow
7 "That' dirng dau cau lam chu ngir va di sau no la mot menh de b6 ngir
Eg: - That I passed my exammation made my parents happy
- That he refused to marry him broke his heart
- That he became famous surprised everyone in my village
- That she got scholarship was understandable
8 Which thay the cho mot menh de
Eg: Sally lost her job That wasn't surprising
|=> Sally lost her job, which wasn't surprising)
She usually comes to class late That upsets her teachers
She usually comes to class late, which upsets her teachers
B BAI TAP ON L U Y E N
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences
1 That book is by a famous anthropologist It's about the people in Samoa
for two years
A that she lived B that she lived among them
C among whom she lived D where she lived among them
2 The missing man's family is desperately seeking anyone information about his activities or whereabouts
A has B having C who have D have
3 The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be brought
people in Latin American history
A who they are interested B are interested
C interested D they are interested
4 I have always wanted to visit Paris, of France
A is the capital B which the capital is
C that is the capital D the capital
5 The chemistry book was a little expensive
A that I bought it B I bought that C what I bought D I bought
6 Have you ever met a man over there? ~ Yes, I do
A stands B standing
C is standing D who he is standing
7 Do you have the book _ the teacher? ~ Yes, I do
A that it belongs to B to which belongs to
C to which belongs D that belongs to
8 The voters were overwhelmingly against the candidate proposals called
for higher taxes
A who his B whose C whom he had D that his
9 Do you remember Mr Goddard, taught us English composition?
~ 1 certainly do
A who B whom C that D which
10.1 have three brothers, are businessmen
A that all of them B who they all
C all of whom D who all of them
97
Trang 7-
A whic
h B tha
t hi
s C whos
e D that'
s
12 Som
e fish
is frozen, bu
t i
s best
A fish
is fres
h B fres
h fish
C fish fresh
it's the only time
without bein
g interrupted
A whe
n I can work on my book
B whe
n I can work on my book
at
C whe
n I can work on my book then
D a
t whe
n I can work on my
I am Yo
u ar
e lookin
g a
t a person
has jus
t
been accepted
into medical school
A wh
o B wh
o sh
e C who
m sh
e D who
What's i
t about
?
A I went B I
went t
o i
t C I
went t
o D tha
A wh
o doesn'
t B wh
A I had expected
it B wh
o I had expected
C I had expected
D tha
t I had expected
r wouldn'
t start
A\o his B wh
o C who'
s D whos
e
19.1 rea
d a book about Picasso,
A i
s a Spanish
painter B a
Spanish painter
C wh
o a Spanish
painter i
s D tha
t i
s a Spanish
A watche
d B watc
h C watchin
g D wer
n thi
s class ~ Mine has, too Al
l th
e student
s
do well i
n writing
A who
m Mr Davi
d teache
s the
m B whic
h Mr Davi
d teache
s
C tha
t "Mr Davi
d teache
s the
m D Mr
A i
n tha
t B wher
e C i
s wher
e tha
t D whic
have seventeen
students, mos
t o
f
speak English
very well
A wh
o B thos
e C who
m D whic
A ar
e B wh
o ar
e C i
n who
m ar
e D tha
? ~
It wa
s boring H
e talke
d onl
y
about himself, almos
t pu
t u
s t
o sleep
A whic
h B tha
t C wh
o D tha
t h
e
98
Trang 826 My grandfather, a wise man, has greatly influenced my life
A is B that is C who is D who he is
27 Is Dr Brown the person you wish to speak? ~ Yes, please
A that B whom C to that D to whom
28 In the movie, a teenager to pursue a singing career meets resistance
from his strong-willed father
A wants B wanted C wanting D who want
29 Excuse me, but there is something about immediately ~ Certainly
A which I must speak to you B which I must speak to you about it
C that I must speak to you about D that I must speak to you
30 Little Women, in 1868, is my sister's favorite book
A is a novel published B a novel published
C a novel was published D was a novel published
31 Who is eligible for the scholarship? ~ Anyone scholastic record is above
average can apply for the scholarship
A who has a B has a C who's a D whose
32 Dr Sales is a person
A m whom I don't have much confidence
B in that I don't have much confidence
C whom I don't have much confidence in him
D I don't have much confidence
33 Is April twenty-first the day ? ~ No, the twenty-second
A you'll arrive then B when you'll arrive
C on that you'll arrive D when you'll arrive on
34 The severe drought occurred last summer ruined the com crop
A that it B which it C it D that
35 Florida, the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year
A is B known as C is known as D that is known as
36 The new shopping mall is gigantic It's as a place you can find just about
anything you might want to buy
A where B which C in where D in that
37 Lola's marriage has been arranged by her family She is marrying a man
A that she hardly knows him B whom she hardly knows him
C she hardly knows D she hardly knows him
38 People who exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those
A who doesn't B that doesn't C which don't D who don't
39 Is this the address to you want the package sent?
A where B that C which D whom
40 Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, surprised everyone
A which B that C who D that it
Exercise 2: Find and correct the mistake in the following sentences
1 Last Saturday I attended a party giving by one of my friends My friend, who his
apartment is in another town, was very glad that I could come
2 Dr Darnell was the only person to whom I wanted to see
Trang 93 Ther
e ar
e eight
y students, ar
lived
in
the seventeenth
century saved
a villag
e fro
m destruction
g t
o himself
10 Whe
n I was a child, I
most i
s m
y uncle
- Peterson, h
15.1 have some good advice for anyon
e guest
s ha
d |
gone there to admire
the scenery
The hotel
2 1 lent yo
u a book I
t wa
s writte
n b
y a friend
of mine Sh
e live
s i
n France
The book
3 A woman's jewel
s wer
e stolen A police
d b
y him
The woman
•
4 A goal wa
s score
d b
y a teenager H
s goa
l wo
n
the match
The goal
5 I was sittin
g nex
t t
o a boy in the exams H
e tol
d m
e th
e answers
The boy
e returne
d it
My wallet
8 Caro
l i
s a vegetarian I
n a train I wanted
to go to
a station Th
e trai
n didn'
t sto
p there
The train
10.1 read
a book Yo
u recommende
d a book to
me Thi
s wa
s th
e book
The book
The ship
T OO
Trang 1012 The postman realized I was on holiday You had sent me a parcel The postman left it next door
16 My neighbors have three small children The children make a lot of noise My
neighbors never apologize
My neighbors _ _
17.1 lost my wallet last week It was found by a man He was digging a hole in the
street outside our house
At the end of the street
20 Some people have just moved in next door They have the same surname as some other people Those other people have just moved out
The people
21 The journalist will interview the old man His house was broken into last night
The journalist
22 I listened to George patiently until he started insulting me At that point I told him
a few home truths He didn't like it
George
Exercise 4: Put one suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the space blank if possible
Murder at the station (by Loraine Small Episode 5)
The story so far; Jane Piatt (1) is traveling to London because of
a mysterious letter, is the only person (2) witness a murkier at
Victoria Station The detective to (3) she gives her statements then disappears Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4) she has received There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5) lives in South America, has sent her a box (6) - she is only to open i f in
trouble Jane, (7) parents have never mentioned an Uncle Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8) ' she gives to her friend Tony They go to Scotland Yard and see inspector Groves, (9) has not heard of the
Victoria murder, (10) was not reported to the police Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man's ticket (11) she found besides his body Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12) was the
101
Trang 11town (13) th
w rea
d on
Sherlock Homes
Sherlock Homes, (1
) nam
e i
s well-known, didn'
e rea
d hi
s adventures, h
a rea
l person
The man (3) create
than practicing
s (4) peopl
e als
o liked However, i
, (7
)
is a brilliant detective
l neve
r
know the reason (8) h
All the books wer
e writte
n i
n th
e first person, no
t b
y Holmes, bu
t b
y hi
s
assistant Dr Watson, (9
1 I like
I aske
d fo
r advice (WHOSE
)
4 No
t a single house in the street ha
d escape
d undamaged (WHICH
)
5 The
n I realized
that I had left m
y walle
t a
t home (WHEN)
6 I don't reall
y approv
e o
f hi
s proposal (WHAT
)
8 I have
read all o
f he
r book
s bu
t one (WHICH)
PHAN 8:
MO DA
L V ER BS (DONG
TlT K HU YE
T TH IE U)
A LY T HU YE
O
Modal verbs:
will/ shal
l (would)/ ca
n (could)/ ma
y (might)/ must
(bare infinitive) /
semi-modal verb: need
/
needn't/ use
d to
102
Trang 12Dong tur khuyet thieu dugc dung vai cac chuc nang ngon ngir sau:
1- Dien ta kha nang lam gi
i- Can: dugc diing de chi kha nang lam gi chung chung a hien tai
Eg: I can use computer / She can speak English well,
i- Could: dugc dung de chi kha nang lam gi chung chung a qua khu
Eg: I could read and write when I was 4 years old / She could drive when
she was 18
Ngoai ra mot so cau true cau cung dung de chi kha nang lam gi:
4- Was/ were able to do st: chi kha nang xoay so mot each thanh cong de lam
gi trong qua khi'r
Eg: Their house was on fire but they were able to escape from it
i- To be able to do st/ to be capable of doing st: c6 kha nang lam gi (chia theo
cac thi khac nhau) ^ Eg: He will able to speak English well after this course
They have been capable of solving their own problems for many years
2 Dien ta sir suy dien, tien doan
* Dien ta sur suy doan khong chac chan ve cai gi, chung ta sir dung 'could/ may/
might' theo cac cong thiic sau
- Could /may/might + Verb (bare infinitive): c6 le lam gi
Eg: It might rain tomorrow /It may rain tomorrow
It could rain tomorrow / It will possibly rain tomorrow = Maybe it
will rain tomorrow
Chii y: maybe la sir ket hgp cua ca may va be nhung no la mot tir va khong-^phai la
trg dong tu No la mot pho tir, c6 nghTa nhuperhap (c6
- Could/may/might + be Verb-ing: c6 le dang lam gi
Eg: It might be raining at 5 p m tomorrow
Lan may be studying now
Mai sister could be playing computer game at 5 p m tomorrow
- Could/ may/ might + have + P2 = c6 le da lam gi
Eg: It may have rained last night, but I'm not sure
He could have forgotten the ticket for the concert last night
I didn't hear the telephone ring, I might have been sleeping at that time
The cause of death could have been bacteria
* Dien ta sir suy doan ch5c ch3n ve cai gi, chiing ta sir dung 'must/ can't /
couldn't' theo cac cong thirc sau
- Must + Verb (bare infinitive): chac la (chi mot ket luan logic dira tren
nhiJng hien tugng da xay ra )
Eg: The lights in his room are out He must be asleep
She drives a luxirious car She must be rich
- Must + be + V-ing: Chac la dang lam gi
Eg: The grass is wet It must be raining
Our children's room is quiet They must be sleeping
- Must + have + P2 = chac la da, han la da lam gi:
Eg: The grass is wet It must have rained last night /(It probably rained last night)
103
Trang 13e + adj/ +
V (inf)
e can"
t com
e fro
m a rich family Sh
e
can't b
e a rich
student i
n ou
r class
- Ca n't / couldn'
t +
be Verb-ing : khon
Can't / couldn't +
h can't / couldn'
3 Die
n t
a lo
i khuyen , s
u mon
g dol
* 'Should ' dvo'
r gg
i y , si
Eg: H
e shoul
d stud
y tonight
Eg: I
t shoul
d rai
n tomorrow (
n ha
d
better stud
y tonight
a 'hav
e to '
Ngoai r
a 'must ' co
u mus
t stud
y hard
r ye
u t
o be
n ngoai )
Eg: W
e w ill have t
You have t
You had t
Chu > :
Trang 14Eg: Guest: Do I have to leave a deposit? ~ Receptionist: No, you needn't But
you have to leave your I D card I'm sorry but that's the way it is
- Trong van noi, nguai ta diing have got to, cung c6 nghia nhu have to
Eg: He has got to go to the office tonight
5 Dien ta su cam doan lam gi
"mustn't' va 'can't' dugc dung de dien ta sir cam doan lam gi
Mustn't / can't do st = not be allowed to do st = it is necessary not to do st (khong dugc phep lam gi)
Eg: You musta't take photos in the museum / You mustn't make noise in the class You can't drive on the left in Vietnam
* Phan biet Mustn't voi don't/ didn't have to do st
- don'f didn't have to do st= don't /didn't need to do st = needn't do st/ needn't have done
st = it + not be necessary to do st (khong ckn thiet lam gi, hanh dgng lam la-v6 ich)
Eg: You needn't apply for a visa to visit France i f you hold a EU passport
You don't have to go to school and wear uniform on Sunday
6 Dien ta sy hoi tiec lam gi
- Needn't + have + P2: Le ra khong can phai phai lam gi:
Eg: You needn't have come so early - only waste your time
- Should have + = Le ra da phai lam gi, le ra nen phai da lam gi (Chi mot viec
le ra da phai xay ra trong qua khu nhung vi l i do nao do lai khong xay ra.)
Eg: You shouldn't have called me last night (She did call him)
My mother should have gone to her office this morning
The policeman should have made a report about the accident
Chu y: Chiing ta cung c6 the dung cum tir was/were supposed to + [verb in simple
form] de thay cho should + perfective Chi dugc dung had to hoac should + perfective
hoac be supposed to khi dien ta mot trach nhiem bat bupc a qua khu
Eg: My mother was supposed to go to her office this morning
The policeman was supposed to make a report about the accident
* Cach dung should trong mot so tru-oiig hop cu the khac
- Dien dat ket qua cua mot yeu to tuang tugng:(Se lam gi)
Eg: I f I was asked to marry him, I should resign
- Dung trong menh de c6 that sau nhunp tinh tir chi trang thai nhir anxious (sot ruotj/ sorry (tiec rang)/ concerned (lo lang, lo du) / happy (vui ve)/ delighted :
Lay lam rang/ lay lam v i :
Eg: I'm anxious that she should be safe on that train (Toi lo lang rang li?u c6 ay
CO dugc an toan tren chuyen tau ay khong/ We are sorry that you should feel
uncomfortable here
- Dung vai if/in case de chi mpt dieu kho c6 the xay ra, nguai ta dua ra y kien chi
de phong ngira
Eg: I f you should make another decision, please let me know
In case he should have left you alone, I will stand by you
- Diing sau so that/ in order that de chi muc dich (Thay cho would/ could)
Eg: I put away my diary so that noone should be able to read it
My teacher speaks slowly in order that we should understand
105
Trang 15like to have
a tal
k t
o you, i
d
t tuong, ch
o l
a
Eg: I should
imagine our celebratio
n wil
l b
e successful
sao toi bie
t dug
c ki
a chir)
Why should
sir nga
c nhien
,
thuong dung vol "But"
Eg: I was thinkin
do you want kh
Eg:
I'm hungry
now, I like to eat som
e bee
f noodl
e now
Wouldn't lik
e = khong
ua # don'
t wan
t = khong muon
Eg: I wouldn't lik
e an
y orang
e juic
e now
* (Woul
d lik
e = would
care /love/ hate / prefe
r + to + verb : kh
i dien dat die
u kie
n
cho mot han
h dpn
g c
u th
e a tuang lai:
Eg: Mai: Woul
d yo
u (like/care) t
o com
e wit
h me
? ~ Hoa: I'
d lov
e t
o
Would like/ woul
d car
e for/ woul
d enjo
y + Verb-ing
khi dien dat kha
Eg: Sh
e woul
d like/ woul
d enjo
y dinin
g ou
t tonight
* Dar
e (dam) : Dun
i dun
g a
the nghi va
n v
a ph
u djnh
Eg: Di
d the
y dar
e (to) d
o suc
h a thing?
(Ho dam lam nhu vay sao?)
- Dare
khong dugc dung
dare
say
vai 2 nghia
sau:
Eg: To
i ch
o rang: I dare say there
is a restaurant a
How dare/ dare
d +
S +
Verb in simple
form: Sao
da
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