Cẩm nang ôn luyện học sinh giỏi tiếng anh trung học sơ sở phần 2

Exercise 6: Fill in each gap with only one word from the list ( C R E W , S T A F F , TEAM, EMPLOYEE, COLLEAGl'E, CLIENT) The hospital are on strike today Whenever I need help at work, I can always rely on my There weren't many people on the plane; just the ten o f us and the H o w many My I work for a law firm which has a lot o f business people as played well but we lost the game does he need to sail his yacht? These planes carry over 300 passengers and There are nine players on a baseball Employers often complain that they can't find reliable 10 He is the best o f our company G U E S T , H O S T , V I S I T O R GUEST: (1) ngiroi den tham hoac c6 mat tai mot sir kien vi dirge moi (2) khach trp tai khach san HOST: chu nha, ngiroi tiep don khach moi V I S I T O R : ngiroi den tham mot noi nao hoac mot ngiroi khac C U S T O M E R : ngiroi khach miia hang ciia mot cira hang Exercise 7: Choose one suitable word above to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences He is one o f the best All entering the factory must wear this card vWe had o f our shop staying with us for ten days I always buy my groceries from this shop I am a regular The Our provided us with a delicious meal complained about the bad service to the manager here, so I expect good service Our They were expecting I ' d like you to be my for dinner tonight and had cleaned the house brought in some more wine and food 10 The hotel takes very good care o f its H A B I T , R O I T I N E , I S I A L , N O R M A L , C O M M O N H A B I T : 31eii lam tinrong xiiycn, ihoi qucn R O U T I N E : mot chuoi nhirng lioat dong lam thuong xuyen vao nhirng thai diem nhat dinh U S U A L : xay hoac dirge lam, dirge dimg nhieu hoac da so trirong hop, thong thirong, thirong xiiven N O R M A L : binh thirong, thong thirong, ti'rc la khong c6 gi khac biet hoac khong blnh thuong C O M M O N : bien, thirong thay a nhieu noi Exercise 8: Choose one suitable word above to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences Parts o f our daily When I ' m nervous, I ' m in the o f biting m y nails include a j o g before breakfast 32 Hannisavery German name Despite his abiHty, he leads a hfe Waiter, I ' l l have my drink Bad dreams are fairly among children He seems a perfectly little boy Train services are back to again after the strike Mark longed to escape from the old familiar 10 r i l meet you at the time S E E , L O O K , W A T C H SEE: nhin thay mot cai gi mot each khong chu djnh, v i du "/ opened the curtains and saw some birds outside" - Toi keo rem cira s6 va (trong) th^y may chim o ben ngoai Nhu vay c6 nghTa la chung ta khong chi'i djnh nhin/xem/ngam nhung chim do, ma chi la ma cOra thi thay chung h\ku vi du: I see what you mean LOOK: nhin cai gi mot each c6 chii djnh vi du: "This morning I looked at the newspaper" - Sang toi xem bao, va c6 nghTa la toi chu djnh doc bao, xem bao WATCH: theo doi, xem, tuc la chu dong nhin cai gi mot each cham chii va quan sat xem c6 cai gi dang xay ra, vi du "/ watched the bus go through the traffic lights" Toi nhin theo/theo doi chiec xe buyt vupl den do, hay "/ watch the movie" - Toi xem phim Va a day dien y chung ta chu djnh muon nhin, xem, theo doi, va nhin mot each cham chu Thong thuong la c6 sir chuyen dong Exercise 9: Choose one suitable word above to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences You can't far in this fog Denny and Phil good tonight Did you ro/-o/;«r/V;« S//ff/yesterday evening? out for pickpockets Can you the blue car on the left? you tomorrow, if nothing comes in between It like rain, doesn't it? Oh yes, I what you mean Hey, what's wrong? You really unhappy 10 I ' m afraid, Linda has to doctor 10 M A K E , DO DO: chi cac hoat dong hang nhung nhirng hoat dong thuang la khong tao nen vat gi cu the, khong sang tao nen cai mai - Mot so each noi bien dung "do": E g: one's best / good / harm / a favour / business MAKE: dien ta cac hoat dong tao nen cai gi cii the ma ban c6 the chain vao dirge E g: make food / make a cup of tea / coffee or make a mess - Mot so each noi bien dung "make": E g: make plans / make an exception / make arrangements /make a telephone call make a decision / make a mistake / make noise / make money / make an excuse make an effort 33 Exercise 10: Fill in the gap with M A K E or D O Tonight you have to They are going to T m going to Mary spends ages The decision Who They're The teacher asked us to She always 10 Jane a cake for Tom's birthday the shopping the beds fun o f her friends this exercise a documentary about the C i v i l War those marks on the wall? her very unpopular with the staff ^ her hair in the morning aerobics three times a week 11 L I F E , L I V E , L I V E S L I V E / l l v / (v) song Can you live on £1000 a month in London? LIFE (n) cuoc song, v i du; He wanted to live his own life without the interference from the others (ad\ L I V E /laiv/ (adj) t r i r c t i e p a live programme mot chirong trinh truyen true tiep true tiep We will he broadcasting the program live from Austin L I V E S /hvz/ (v) song (ngoi thiV so it thi hien tai don) He lives in New York L I V E S /laivz/ (n) so nhieu ciia life Many people lost their lives in the war Exercise 11: Choose one suitable word above to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences This is a Do you still There is no Peter still Y o u must go to the Angela in Argentina concert o f Robbie Williams w i t h his parents on the sun in this small house? recording is short He's livedliere all his The body showed no signs o f 10 Three were lost in the fire 12 B R I N G , ^ A K E , F E T C H B R I N G : mang cai gi toi v i t r i ma ngudi noi/ nghe dang a (noi den), v i du "Bringyour homework to me" (Hay mang bai tap ve nha ciia cac em den clio toi) T A K E : mang cai gi di khoi v i t r i nguoi noi / ngiroi nghe v i du • They're not here H\i must have taken them to the club He's taken my umbrella too (Chung khong CO d day Chac chan dira chiing den cau lac bo r o i A n h ta cung mang ciia toi di nira) F E T C H : di t i m va mang ve, v i du: Don't worry Y o u need some wooden rods, don't you? I ' l l fetch them Exercise 12: Fill in each blank with only one word from: B R I N G , T A K E , F E T C H He often Could you _ _ _ _ _ me some water, please? this book to the library, please his sister to her aunt 34 10 11 When you come to my party, don't forget to something to drink Is Peter Steve to my party? He is out the rubbish now Can you the CD to your uncle, please? My husband often flowers when he comes home Would you this to the shop for me? Can you the car to the garage on Wednesday? They live in an isolated village so they have to water to drink from the mountain 12 We need some waste cans Can you some for us now? 13 C O M E , G O COME: mot chuyen dong den noi ma ngirai noi hoac nguai nghe a do, vi dii: "Could you come here for a niinule please, Diane? " (Cau d^n day mot |at di Diane) ~ "/'/;/ coining" (Minh den day) GO: de chi mot chuyen dong roi xa vj tri, dja diem ma nguoi noi hoac ngiroi nghe dang d do: Are you going to thepuh tonight'/ (Toi anh c6 tai quan nrgu khong?) COME WITH or GO WITH? Khi chiing ta muon noi den viec tham gia mot chuyen dong cung vol nguai noi va ngiroi nghe thi nguoi ta thuong sir dung come with (di cung) chi'r khong dung go with, ke ca la chuyen dong rai khoi vj tri ma ho dang a do: • I'm goin^ to the hospital this afternoon to get the test results Could you come with me? (Chieu toi djnh den benh vien de lay ket qua xet nghiem Ban c6 di cung toi khong?) Exercise 13: Choose C O M E or G O to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences Let's and see Auntie Mary before the holiday is over They've to live in Australia and I don't think they'll e\er back We've to ask you if we can borrow your car for a week I've got some people for a meal tonight Can you and Henry too'.' Let's and see Auntie Mary before the holiday is over When did you here? She did not want to to school today Stay at home, I will to see you tomorrow We will to England next month 10 We're to Egypt for a week at Christmas Would you like to with us? 14 BORROW, L E N D BORROW: muon cai gi cua ai, vi du "I'd like to borrow your umbrella" (Toi muon muon cai cua anh) LEND: cho muon cai gi thuoc so hiJu cua minh, vi du "/ can lend you my umbrella " (Toi c6 the cho anh muon chiec ciia toi) Exercise 14: Choose B O R R O W or L E N D to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences Could you me some money, please? 35 Some pupils can books from their school Will you me your umbrella till tomorrow? Should I him my football? You may my bike, but be careful Could I your cup? You can your book to Sieve Why students so much money from their parents? Peter won't his car to anyone 10 Will your mother you some money? 15 B I G , G R E A T , T A L L , H I G H BIG: Ian ve kich ca, mure dp, vi du a big stone mot hon da to GREAT: Ian han trung binh rat nhieu, vi du a great success mot cong vT dai HIGH: khoang each tir day len dinh; vi du a high mountain range mot day niii cao LARGE: Ian ve kich ca va so lugng, vi dii: a large country mot dat nuoc rong Ian, a large number of people rat nhieu nguoi TALL: cao han chieu cao trung binh, vi du: a tall man mot ngiroi dan ong cao Ion Liru y: Chung ta dung high hoac tall noi ve cac toa nha, va dung tall noi ve ngiroi Exercise 15: Choose B I G , G R E A T , T A L L or H I G H to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences There is a nice house with a _ _ _ _ _ garden Albert Eintsein was a physicist V She is a very child for her age A rate of inflation makes exports uncompetitive My mother is six feet He IS making a mistake Can you see the trees behind the lake? The city has a level of pollution This pullover isn't enough 10 My grandfather lived to a age 16 R I S E , R A I S E , A R I S E RISE (rose, risen, rising) tra nen cao hon (noi dong tir, khong c6 tan ngir di kem), vi du: The sun rises in the east Mat troi mpc a phia dong RAISE (raised, raised, raising) lam cho cao len, nuoi nang day (tre con), nuoi (con vat), vi du: All those in favour please raise your hands, (tat ca nhung ung hp hay gia tay len) ARISE (arose, arisen, arising) xay ra, sinh, xuat hien; vi du: Some problems have arisen recently Gan day mot so van de moi sinh Exercise 16: Choose R I S E , R A I S E or A R I S E to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences The governments are VAT (value added tax) to 20% next year An unxpected problem has and so we have had to cancel the meeting Suddenly the mist that had hidden the canyon and we had a most spectacular view 36 Prices have again due to the recent increase in inflation Are there any matters from the minutes (written record) of the last meeting? My parents are farmers and chickens and pigs 7.1 was bom and on'a farm, so I know all about animals She from her chair and went over to the window 9.1 would love to work in Africa should the opportunity 10 University entry requirements have sharply over the last decade 17 SAY, T E L L , S P E A K , T A L K SAY (sth to sb) ( I ) noi cai gi vai loi; thuong dung de tuong thuat lai lai noi (khong c6 tan ngCr chi nguoi di cung, vi du: He said that he lived in London ) (2) say hello, say goodbye TELL: (1) dung vai mot bo ngu true tiep chi nguai (He told me that he lived in London) de tuang thuat lai 161 noi; (2) tell sb + dong tir nguyen the duec dung cho cac menh lenh (She told him to hurry up); SPEAK: (1) noi chuyen I'd like to speak to Mrs Jones, please? (trang hon TALK) (2) noi mot ngon ngu nao speak English, Vietnamese TALK: (1) noi chuyen Can I talk to Susan, please? TALK goi nen y la hai nguoi dang noi chuyen vai nhau: We talked for hours about the meaning of life, SPEAK thuong hay dung ve mot nguai noi chuyen vai mot nhom nguoi He spoke to the class about the dangers of smoking Exercise 17: Choose SAY, T E L L , SPEAK or T A L K to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences He French well but has trouble reading it We Helen everything that had happened Susan decided to to her father about it What exactly did he to you yesterday? Can you me the way to the station, please? He didn't a word She her name was Sue Let me you something about my hobbies Forget everything I just 10 Why didn't you him that before? 18 WAIT, L O O K F O R W A R D T O , E X P E C T WAIT: (for sb/sth) hanh dong cha doi hoac dieu gi I ' m waiting for him to arrive (Toi dang cha den) LOOK FORWARD TO: dir tinh dieu gi se xay va nong long mong cho'dieu EXPECT: tin tuong rang dieu gl se xay ra, mong cha, dgi I'm expecting him to arrive soon (Toi chac rSng anh ay se den) Exercise 18: Choose W A I T , L O O K F O R W A R D T O , E X P E C T to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences What time you the guests to arrive? I'm visiting Japan Can you forme, John? Have you been long? 37 You can't to learn a language in a week We are for the rain to stop We're so much seeing you again You'll have to till the end of the month before I can pay you I ' m sorry to have kept you 10 I that I will be back on Sunday 19 M A T C H , SUIT, F I T MATCH: hop, tuang xirng, nhat la ve mau sac: The curtains and the carpets match perfectly Rem va tham het sue hap SUIT: phu hgp ve thj hieu, so thich, kieu toe, quan ao vai ai: Does this skirt suit me? Cai vay c6 hgp vai toi khong? FIT: vira van, dung kich ca, an khap Her coat fits her exactly Chiec ao khoac rat vira van vai c6 ay Exercise 19: Choose M A T C H , SUIT or F I T to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences These brown gloves with this dress very well You look nice in green Green you These shoes are too small They don't me The key doesn't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the lock It doesn't you to have your hair cut short Can you this wallpaper? That color doesn't your age Very spicy food doesn't my stomach I can never get clothes to me 10 A pink shirt does not a brown pair of trousers 20 A L O N E , L O N E L Y , S I N G L E , O N L Y ALONE: mot minh Mr Jones came to the party alone as his wife was away on business Ong Jones den dir tiec mot minh vi vg ong dang di cong tac LONELY: buon ba c6 doc / get really lonely at Christmas because all my family live abroad Vao djp le Giang sinh toi thirc sir thay buon vi ca nha toi song a nuac ngoai SINGLE: doc than, chua lap gia dinh All my friends are married except Kate, who is still single: Tat-ea ban be toi deu da lap gia dinh, trir Kate, cho den van doc than ONLY: nhat, chi c6 Our only hope is to win tomorrow's match Hi vong nhat ciia chung toi la thang tran dau mai Exercise 20: Choose A L O N E , L O N E L Y , S I N G L E , O N L Y to fill in each blank to complete the following sentences The thing I not understand in mathematics is geometry After Bob's parents' death he feels Do not worry! He can this work ! Tom does not know anyone in the town He feels The accused did not say a word during the lawsuit The teacher was in the classroom before the pupils came Do not go out at night 38 Some players feel sometimes in their new team Their child died in yesterday's accident 10 It is not wise to live in a house Chuyen de : COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS (CHLTC NANG GIAO TIEP CUA NGON NGU") MOT SO MAU CAU TRONG GIAO T I E P CAN CH U Y A L Y T H U Y E T C O B A N V A N A N G C A O * Introduction and response to introduction Introduction Responses to introduction - I'd like you to meet my friend, Lan - It's nice/ pleased to meet you! I'm Nam - May I introduce myself.' - Nice to to meet you! I'm Nam - Can you introduce yourself? - I ' m happy to meet you! - My name is Lan It's nice to meet you! - How you do! - How you do! I'm Lan - It's a pleasure to meet you - Come and meet Miss Lan - The pleasure is all mine Miss Lan * Saying and response to a goodbye Saying goodbye Responses to a goodbye - Goodbye! See you soon (again) - Goodbye! See you around /See you - Bye bye! Let's get together soon /Give later / Keep in touch!/ Let's have me a call soon / Give me a call/ a ring lunch/dinner/coffee soon sometime! -1 hope we meet again - Look at the time! I've really got to go - Stop by and see me sometime! - I've enjoyed seeing/meeting you I - Farewell! hope to see again Bye bye! - Take care - Have a good/nice day (week) * Making and respond to suggestions Suggestions Responses to suggestions - Why don't you / we go to the movies tonight? Acceptances: - You / we could visit New York while you're / - Sure!/ Great! Super! That is a good idea! we're there - Yes/ Ok I'd love to/ (That) sounds great/ - Let's go to the cinema, tonight fun - What about asking your brother for help? Declines: - How about going to Hawaii for your vacation? - Thank you very much but I'm afraid -1 suggest you / we go out for lunch - I wish I could but * Invitation and response to invitation Responses to invitations Invitations Acceptances: - I would like/love to invite you to my birthday party - Thank you very much for your invitation 39 - Would you like / care to come to my birthday party? -1 was wondering if you'd like to join us for a picnic - Can / Will you come to my birthday party? - What / How about coming to my birthday party? - Why don't/ not you come * Asking and response to favors Asking for favors Can/ Could you help me, please? Could you me a favor? I need a favor Can/ Could you st for me? - I'd love to/ I'd be delighted to - Sure!/ Great! That would be fun/ wonderful Declines: - Thank you very much but I'm afraid I'm busy then -1 wish I could but I'm busy May be another time Thanks/ thanks anyways / What about next Saturday, Responses to favors Acceptances: - Sure / Certainly / Of course / No problem - What can I for you? • - How can I help you? Declines: - I ' m sorry I ' m really busy * Giving offers and response to offers Response to assistance Offering assistance/ Offers Acceptances: May I help you? Yes/ No Thank you Do you need any help? Yes That's very kind of you Let me help you No Thank you I ' m fine Response to offers Offers - Yes, please Would you like me to close the door? - That would be nice What can I get for you? / Can I get you ? - No, thank you Shall I Will / Won't you have a cup of tea I ' l l make for you? * Making and response to promises Response to promises Promises -1 hope so I ' l l study hard I promise - Good - I promise-I will/ won't - I ' m glad / Don't forget I promise to study hard * Expressing tlianks and response to ttianks Responses to thanks Thanks Oh, it was the least I could • It was my pleasure (Formal) - Thank you very You're welcome (Formal) much for Think nothing of it You're very welcome It was nothing (Formal) - Thank you very My pleasure much for your You're more than welcome Don't mention it help/ helping (Any time /No big deal Not at all me! (Informal) Don't mention it My pleasure 40 * Making requests and response to requests Requests Responses to requests Do/ Would you mind closing the door'; No, I don't mind - I ' m sorry, I can't Do you mind if I close the door? No, of course not I'm sorry, that is not Would you mind i( I closed the door? possible Not at all I'd prefer you didn't - Please I'd rather you didn't - Please go ahead * Making compliments and response to compliments Making compliments Responses to compliments -Congratulation! You are too kind - Congratulation on your first prize! It's very nice of you to say so -1 love your new hairstyle Thank you for your compliment - Your new hairstyle is very wonderful Thank you I ' m glad you like/ enjoy it You must be kidding/ You have got to be kidding I thought I was terrible (^refusing) * Making and response to an apology Making an apology Responses to an apology - I'm awfully/ terribly/ very sorry about That's (quite) all right! breaking your ruller Think nothing of it - I'm awfully/ terribly/ very sorry that Don't worry abou it -1 beg your pardon for That's ok - Pardon me for Forget it -1 hope you'll forgive me for - No big thing/No harm'done/No problem, - It's alright - It's fine - It's OK this time, but let's not let it happen again B BAI TAP ON L U Y E N Exercise 1: Choose the best response (A, B, C or D) to each of the following Nam: Thank you for your gift, Jenny Long: A I'm sorry B 'Very glad C No, of course D I'm happy you like it Nga: Would you like something to drink? Mai: A Yes, I B No, thanks C I will D No, I would Nga: Thanks for the wonderful party Lan: A No, it's not good B Yes, it's really great C Oh, that's right D I'm glad you enjoyed it Mr John: Could you bring me a cup of coffee? Waiter: A Certainly, sir B Yes, I can C I don't want to D No, I can't 41 everyday = daily; every week= weekly; every month = monthly; every year = yearly, ; now and then; from time to time;, va v6i cac tir chi tan suat {always, usually, often, frequently, occasionally, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never) hay mot so cum tir chi tan suat nhu- (once a day/twice a day/three times a day, ) • Ghi chu each them's, es' vao ngoi thir (ba) so it (He, she, it) - Nhirng dong tir (Verbs) tan cung bSng nhirng chilr (s x z ch sh o) thi phai them "es" (Eg: misses, mixes, washes, does, goes, - Nhirng dong tir (Verbs) tan cung bang "y" thi phai xet hai (2) trirang hgp sau day Neu triroc y la nguyen am (vowel) thi de nguyen 'y" chi them's' (plays, pays) Neu triroc y la phii am (consonant) thi chuyen y i va them es (y ^ les; carry -^carries: bun' -^buries) Cc'ic dong tir c6 dm ket thi'tc rai diioi /iz/ ch, X, sh, s /s/ f P k, t Khong thuoc hai loai tren /z/ The Present Progressive (Thi hien tai tiep dien) • Cau true: S + Be (am/ is/ are) + V-ing + (O) + A • Cach siir dung: - Diln ta mot hanh dong, mot sir viec dang xay tai thai diem noi Eg My mother is cooking now.) - Dien ta mot sir thay doi, va thirang di voi cac dong tir 'get/ become/ turn" va theo sau cac dong tir la cap so sanh hon Eg Our exammation is getting more and more difficult - Dien ta mot hanh dong dang xay xung quanh thoi diem noi Eg am reading a novel but haven't finished it yet - Diln ta mot ke hoach tirong lai dirge len ke hoach tir triroc va sap \a\ Eg She is going to Hanoi tomorrow Chu y: - N^u sir dung thi Hien tai tiep dien cho hanh dong tuong lai thi nguoi noi mu6n nhan manh rang ke hoach cho hanh dong da c6 sir chuan bj, sap xep ky lirong - Voi cac dong tir chuyen dong nhu: come, go, arrive, return, leave, nguoi Anh c6 khuynh huong diing thi hien tai.tiep dien cho hanh dong tuong lai thay cho thi tuang lai gan ' be going to' • Dau hieu nhan biet Thi hien tai tiep dien: thi hi?n tai tiep dien thirong dugc diing vai mot so cac tir chi thai gian nhu: now, rightnow, at this moment, at present va thirong dugc diing sau cac cau menh jenh (Look! She is crying / Keep silent! She is sleeping.) • Cdch them duoi ' -ing' vao sau dong tir - Neu dong tir c6 'e" cam a cuoi, ta bo 'e' di roi mai them ING: give - giving / drink - drinking - NIU dong tir a cuoi c6 phu am, va truoc phii am ma c6 mot nguyen am, ta phai gap doi phu am roi mai them ING: cut - cutting run - running Cc'ich doc 47 - Neu dong tir c6 ie a cu6i, ta doi ie Y roi mai them ING tie - tying die - dying lie - lying - Khi dong tir mot van tan cung mot phii am (tir /) \r, v v), di triroc la mot nguycn am, ta gap doi phu am truoc them 'ing' stop- stopping get- getting Nhirng fix- fixing play- playing (vi dong tir tan cung bang 'x, y' greet- greeting (truoc't' la nguyen am) working- working (tan cung bSng phu am) • Quy luat thuang dugc ap dung cho dong tir van mien la am nkm tren van cuoi cung suffer - suffering (trong am roi vao am dau) • Chu y: Cac dpng tir trang thai (stative verb) nhu: know/ believe/ hear/ see/ smell/ wish/ understand/ hate/love/like/want/sound/have/need/appear/seem/taste/own khong dugc chia a the tiep dien (bat cu thai nao) chiing la nhung dpng tir tmh dien dat trang thai cam giac cua hoat dpng tinh than hoac tinh chat cua sir vat, sir viec Nhung chung quay sang huoTig dpng tir hanh dpng thi chiing lai dugc phep diing a the tiep diln Eg: He has a lot of books # He is having dinner now (Dpng tir hanh dpng: an toi)/ I think they will come in time # I'm thinking of my test tomorrow (Dpng tir hanh dpng: Dang nghT ve) • Chu y: Trang tir nang dien always di vai hien tai tiep diln dien ta sir phan nan ve thoi quen xau/ ve hanh dpng ga\a sir birc dpc ciia Eg: Teacher to her students: You are always making noise in the class The Present perfect (Thi hien tai hoan thanh) • Cau true: S + have/ has + p2 + (O) • Cachsu-dung: - Dien ta mot hanh dpng xay a mot thai diem khong xac djnh qua khu nhung CO ket qua iuu lai a hien tai Eg: I have watched this film three times / She has been to many countries - Dien ta mot hanh dpng bat dau qua khu, keo dai den hien tai va c6 the tiep dien atuang lai Eg she has lived in Vinh city for 20 years - Dien ta mot sir viec se hoan a tuong lai va dugc dung cac menh de sau cac lien tu nhu: if/ when/ before/ after/ until/ till/ as soon as, Eg We'll go out after we have finished our work tomorrow evening • Dau hieu nhan biet Thi hien tai hoan thanh: Thi hien tai hoan thuang dugc dung vai cac tu chi thai gian nhu: F O R + khoang thofi gian (for three days, for ten minutes, for twenty years); SINCE + thai diem bat dau (since 1982 since January, since we were ten/ already (vira mai) va yet (van chira)/ now that (gia day ma ) / till now, untill now, so far/up to now (cho den gio)/ recently, lately (gan day); Dung vai before dung a cuoi cau (I have seen him before)/- Dung vai just (vira mai); ever (da tirng), never (chua bao gio), in the past + time (in the past five yeartrong nam qua)/- Dung sau cau true cau so sanh han nhat: This is the first/ second/ third time I have (ever) done Eg: This is the first time I have been to England / have never seen such a beautiful girl The present pefect continous (Thi hien tai hoan tiep dien) • Cau true: S + has/ have + been + V-ing+ (O) + A 48 • Cach sir dung: - Dien ta mpt mpt hanh dgng bat dau qua khu, keo dai den hien tai va c6 the tiep dien a tuang lai Eg I have been living in Hanoi since I was bom - Dien ta rnpt hanh dong keo dai qua khu va moi vira cham dut a h^en tai, luu lai dau vet ciia hanh dong moi nguyen Eg His hands are dirty with some paint He has been painting the wall • Dau hieu nhan biet thi hien tai hoan tiep d i l n : xem ve truac no c6 chua dung dau vet ciia hanh dong moi nguyen, hay dc4ii hieu r§ng hanh dong tiep tuc tiep dien a tuang lai The past Simple (Thi qua k h u thu-ang) • Cau true: • Cach sir dung: Dien ta mot xay va hoan a mot thai diem xac djnh qua khu Eg He bought this car years ago.) Dien ta mot chuoi cac hanh dong qua khu xay lien tiep Eg She went to the shop, bought a new shirt and gave him S + V (ed) + (O) + A • Dau hieu nhan biet thi qua k h u don: T h i thuang du-tfc dung vol cac tir chi thoi gian nhv yesterday, at that moment, last week/ last month/ time+ ago (5 years ago)/ at that time/ at that moment • Cach hinh dong tir qua khir: - Nhung dong tit lap thai qua khi'r va qua khi'rphdn tir being each them ed vao sau dong tie gdc (goi la Dong tir c6 Quy tac) Vi du: I work - worked/ I washed -washed / I visit - visited - Chii y: Ndu dong tir tan cimg bang "y" va c6 mot piiu am di truac "y' thi phai doi "y" " i roi mai them "ed" (y - ied) Vi du: I study - studied - Nhung truac y la nguyen am thi: y+ed Vi du: I play - played - Neu dong tir tan cung bang 'e', thi chi them'd' V i du: I live- lived - Neu mot dong tir (Verb) c6 mot hay nhieu am tiet/van ma doc nhan manh vao cu6i, va tan ciing b§ng mot phu am (trir 'h, w, x, y ' va di truac phu am c6 mot nguyen am, thi hay gap doi phu am roi mai them ED V i du: Fit - Fitted Stop - stopped Drop - Dropped Nhung: Visit - Visited (Vi visit doc, nhan manh vao van thir nhdt) Prefer - Preferred (Vi prefer doc, nhan manh vao van thir haij Ngoai ngir phap tieng Anh quy djnh mpt loai dong tir "bat qui tac", nguoi hpc phai hpc thupc long ba (3) the dong tir: Goc, Qua khir (PI) va Qua khir phan tir (PII) Co the tra a Bang dong tir bat qui tac • Cach doc duoi dong tir qua khir CO/ed/ - N^u dong tir tan ciing bang am ket thuc v6i duoi /t; d/ thi /ed/ dupe phat am la /id/ 49 V i du: wanted needed invited - Neu dong tir tan cung bang nlifrng am ket tln'ic v o l duoi /s/; /sli/: / ch/: Ikl: /f/: /p/ thi /edy' durpc phat am la 1x1 - Con lai cac dong tir khong thuoc hai loai tren thi /ed/ dugc phat am la /t/ G/ti cltii: Co mot so tinh tir ngoai ie c6 duoi 'ed" doc theo each rieng (xem ky a phan Phonetics (Ngir A m ) T h e past continuous ( T h i qua khir tiep dien) C a c h sir dung: Dien ta mot hanh dong dang xay tai mot thoi diem xac dinh qua khur Eg M a i was watching T V at seven o'clock last night Dien ta mot hanh dong dang xay qua khir thi hi mot hanh dong khac "chen ngang"' (khi dang thi bong ): Eg He was watching T V when I came home • C a u true: • S + was/ were + V'-ing + (O) + A Dien ta hai hanh dong ciing dong thoi xay qua khur Eg Lan was watching television while Nam was reading a book • D a u hieu nhan biet T h i qua khir tiep d i l n : Cau CO dau hieu ve thai gian hanh dong qua khur dang xay nhir: at that moment, at that time; at o 'clock yesterday Cau CO ve, moi ve chira mot hahh dong qua khir, chung ta chia theo cong thi'rc: Clause ( Q K T D - T h e past continuous) + when + Clause ( Q K D G - The past simple) - Clause ( Q K T D - T h e past continuous) + while + Clause ( Q K T D - T h e past continuous) T h e Past Perfect ( T h i qua khir hoan thanh): D a u hieu nhan biet thi qua khir hoan thanh: Thai qua khir hoan dugc dimg v a i tir chi thai gian la: after, before va when • C a c h su" dung: Dien ta mot hanh dong xay va hoan truac mot hanh dong khac qua khir Eg when I came home last night, my parents had gone to bed • C a u true: • S + had + p2 + ( O ) + A T h e S i m p l e F u t u r e ( T h i tiro^ng l a i thvcrng) Dau hieu nhan biet T h i tuong lai dan gian: Thuang dung thi v6i mot so tir chi thai gian nlur tomorrow, next + time, in the future, in future, from now on, in months/ in three years • Cach su* dung: Dien ta mot hanh dong se xay a tuang lai (1 will buy a new car) • CauTriic: • S + will (Shall) + V (bare infinitive)+0+A T h e Near future ( T h i tirong lai gan) D a u hieu nhan biet T h i tuang lai gan: thuang diing thi v a i cac tir duai dang: In a moment (mot Idt nira), at o 'clock this afternoon • C a c h sur dung: DICMI ta mot hanh dong se chac chan xay luang lai gan Eg I am going to buy a new car, so I am saving now • C a u true: • S + be + going to-V + ( O ) + A Note: Chung ta can phan biet thi The Simple Future va The Near future 50 Near Future (to be going to st) - Hanh dong cliac chan xay tuong lai -Dien ta sir suy luan, tien doan dira tren chuiig cu iiien tai: Look at those black clouds, it is going to rain / He is very lazy, and he is going to fail in his exams - Dien ta hanh dong duoc len ke hoach truac thai diem noi: I have saved money for many years because I am going to buy a car Simple Future (will st) - Hanh dong khong chac chan xay tuong lai - Dien ta sir suy doan ca nhan: / think/ expect/promise/hope/believe + that a clause (will st) - Dien ta hanh dong dirge quyet djnh thai diem noi: Nam: It is so hot here / Mai: I'll turn on the fans MOT SO THI TIENG ANH NGOAI CHlfONG TRINH PTCS 10 Future Progressive (Thi tuffng lai tiep dien): • Cautriic: S + will be + V-ing + (O) + A • Cach sir dung: - Diing de dien dat mot hanh dong se xay vao mot thai diem nhat djnh tuong lai Eg At 8:00 am tomorrow morning we will be having Mark's wedding party Have a nice trip to America! We will be thinking of you Dung ket hgp vol present progressive khac de dien dat hai hanh dong dang song song xay Mot a hien tai, mot a tuong lai Eg: Now we are enjoying our party here, but by this time tomorrow we will be working hard for a new project at the office Dirge dung de de cap den cac sir kien tuong lai da dugc xac djnh hoac quyet djnh (khong mang y nghia tiep dien) Eg: I will be giving another lecture on environment pollution at the same time next week - Dugc diing de dien ta nhirng sir kien dugc mong dgi la se xay theo mot tien trinh thuong le (nhung khong dien dat y djnh cua ca nhan nguai noi) Eg I will be seeing you one of these days - Dugc diing de dir doan clio tiroTig lai Eg Don't phone now, they will be sleepping - Dugc diing de dien dat 161 de nghi nha nhan muon biet ve ke hoach ciia nguoi khac Eg Will you be having dinner with us this evening? (ong c6 dir djnh an toi voi chiing toi toi chir a) • Dau hieu nhan biet Thi tu-ffng lai tiep dien: cau c6 hanh dong tiep dien vai thoi di^m thai gian cu th^ a tuong lai: at 7:00 am tomorrow/by this time next week 11 Future Perfect (thi tu-ong lai hoan thanh) • Cau true: S + will have + V (pp2) + (O) + A • Cach sir dung va Dau hieu nhan biet thi tuffng lai hoan thanh: - Diing de chi mot hanh dong se phai dugc hoan tat a vao mot thai diem nhat djnh tuang lai No thuong dugc diing voi trang tir chi thai gian duai dang: by the end of , by the time + sentence (will have done) 51 Eg We will have Finished our project by the end of next week By the time my parents retire, I won't have graduated vet 12 Future Perfect Continuous (Thi tuong lai hoan tiep dien) Cach sur dung va Dau hieu nhan biet thi tu-ong lai hoan tiep dien: • Cau true: S + will have been + V-ing + (O) + A • - Dung de chi mot hanh dong se xay va keo dai cho den mot thai diem nao tuong lai va tiep tuc diln nira No thuong dugc dung vai trang tir chi thai gian dirai dang: by the end of , by the time + sentence (will have been doing) Eg By 2020, we will have been living in Vinh city for 20 years * Sir phii hap ve thi giira hai ve cua mot cau Trong mot cau tieng Anh c6 ve (hai menh de) thi thai cua dong tir a hai phan phai phu hgp vai Thai ciia dong tir a m$nh de chinh se quylt djnh thai cua dong tir a menh de phu MENH DE CHINH Simple present M E N H B E PHU Present progressive Hanh dong cua menh de phu xay cung liic vai hanh dong cua menh de chinh I see that Mai is writing a letter Do you know who is watching the Film? Simple Future | Simple present (or Present Perfect) Dong tir cac menh de sau cac lien tir chi thai gian nhu {when, until, till, as soon asi before, after, by the time ) thuong dugc chia a HTDG (Simple Tense) hay HTHT (Present Perfect) cho dii hanh dong se xay a tuong lai I will lend you this book when I have finished it She will continue writing to him until he accepts her love Simple present Will/ Can/ May + Verb (liocic Near future) Hanh dong cua menh de phu xay sau hanh dong ciia menh de chinh mot tirang lai khong dugc xac djnh hoac tuang lai gan My brother says that he will buy a new house I know that she is going to win that prize She savs^hat she can play the piano very well Simple present Simple past Hanh dong ciia menh de phu xay truac hanh dong ciia menh de chinh mot qua khir dugc xac djnh cu the ve mat thofi gian I hope he arrived safely Jenny thinks Tommy was here last night Simple present | Present perfect (progressive) Hanh dong ciia menh de phii xay trirac hanh dong ciia menh chinh mot qua khu khong dugc xac djnh cu the ve mat thoi gian John tells us that he has been to Hanoi before We know that you have won a prize 52 Simple past Past progressive/ Simple past Hanh dong cua menh de phu xay cung liic vai hanh dong ciia menh de chinh qua khir I lent my sister $ 2000 when she visited us last Sunday Jack visited us while he was staving in H o Chi M i n h city Would/Could/Might Simple past + Verb Hanh dong cua menh de phu xay sau hanh dong cua menh de chinh mot tuong lai qua khur He said that he would look for a j o b Mary said that she could play the piano Simple past | Past perfect Hanh dong cua menh de phu xay truac hanh dong cua menh de chinh, lui sau ve qua khOr I hoped he had arrived safely They thought he had been here last night Chuy: Sir phu hop thi di v a i cac cau dieu kien va cac cau gia djnh v a i cac tir n\\\x Iwish, if only, as if, suggest, ) va cac cau true tiep, gian tiep (chung ta se xem ky han a phan cau dieu kien, cau gian tiep cau gia djnh each Lini y: NhiJng nguyen tac tren day chi dugc ap dung cac menh de cau CO lien he v a i ve mat thai gian nhung neu cac menh de cau c6 thai gian neng biet thi dong tir phai tuan theo thai gian cua chinh menh de Eg: He promised to write to me, t i l l now I haven't received any letter from h i m B B A I T A P O N L U Y E N Exercise Put the verbs in the following sentences in the correct verb forms At last you're here! I (wait) My father (work) he (return) for fourteen months here for more than half an hour! in Canada for the last year, so by the time the month after next I (not see) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ h i m When you (see) h i m again you (be) (improve) since he (go) Why (you not tell) money? I (not need) surprised to see that his health to Switzerland me you (can) to borrow it from the bank It's time we (leave) lend me the now The manager (talk) to an important customer at the moment but he (be) free to see you presently Would you like to take a seat for a few minutes? When I last (see) him, he (live) (tell) me that he (think) and he may well have done so by now Not until we (arrive) that he (be) our time i n calling on h i m at his house (we discover) on holiday, and that we (waste) I ' m tired o f working in an office I (think) 10.1 just (smell) in London He o f moving to Australia, your roses Do you think they (smell) o f changing my job wonderflil? 53 11 How long (you leam) English? 12 When the children (arrive) home it was clear that they (play) in mud Their clothes were covered with it 13 I will never forget it It was the first time I ever (go) to a fancy dress party 14 Michael (wait) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the queue to buy a ticket for the train when he (hear) an announcement saying that there was going to be a delay 15 By 1995 Susan (lecture) at the academy for ten years 16 In my youth I (travel) the world and I often (sleep) under the stars 17 Roger (meet) his wife in the early 70s She (act) in the theater then 18 The thieves (break into) houses for years before they (be finally caught) 19.1 (complete) my university degree by 2014 20 By the time you (amve) here next month, I (study) in London Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences "Hurry up! We're waiting for you What's taking you so long?" " I for an important phone call Go ahead and leave without me " A wait B will wait C am waiting D have waited Robert is going to be famous some day He in three movies already ~ I ' m sure he'll be a star A has been appearing B had appeared C has appeared D appeared Where's Polly? - She A is in her room studying B in her room is studying C studies in her room D has in her room studied Hello? Alice? This is Jeff How are you? ~ Mf? What a coincidence! I about you when the phone rang A was _[ust thinking B just thought C have just been thinking D was just thought What about the new simplified tax? ~ It's more confusing than the old one A are you thinking B you think C have you thought D have you been thinking When is Mr Fields planning to retire? ~ Soon, I think He here for a long time He'll probably retire next year or the year after that A worked B had been working C has been working D is working Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate? ~ I a delicious dessert for dinner tonight A make B will make C am going to make D will have made 54 Let's go! What's taking you so long? ~ I ' l l be there as soon as I my keys A found B will find C find D am finding Next week when there a full moon, the ocean tides will be higher A is being B is C will be D will have been 10 While I TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor A watch B watched C was watching D am watching 11 Fish were among the earliest forms of life Fish on earth for ages and ages A existed B are existing C exist D have existed 12 The phone constantly since Jack announced his""candidacy for president this morning A has been ringing B rang C had rung D had been ringing 13 The earth on the sun for its heat and light A.is depend B depending C has depended D depends 14 I don't feel good I home from work tomorrow A am staying B stay C will have stayed D stayed 15 Today there are weather satellites that beam down information about the earth's atmosphere In the last two decades, space exploration great contributions to weather forecasting A is making B has made C made D makes 16 On July 20"', 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong down onto the moon, the first person ever to set foot on another celestial body A was stepping B stepped C has stepped D was step 17 The plane's departure was delayed because of mechanical difficulties When the weary passengers finally boarded the aircraft, many were annoyed and irritable because they in the airport for three and a half hours A are waiting B were waiting C have been waiting D had been waiting 18 I f coastal erosion continues to take place at the present rate, in another fifty years this beach anymore A doesn't exist B isn't going to exist C isn't existing D won't be existing 19 Homestead High School's football team a championship until last season, when the new coach led them to take first place in their league A has never won B is never winning C had never been winning D had never won ^ 55 20 To be able to qualify as an interpreter, many years of intensive language study are required for non-native speakers By the end of this year, Chen English for three years, but he will still need more training and experience before he masters the language A will be studying B has studied C will have been studying D has been studying Exercise 3: Give the right form of the verbs in brackets in the following paragraph into the correct tenses I (1- be) Swiss I (2- come) to London six months ago to learn Engish I (3- not meet) many English people yet, only my teachers I (4- start) learning English at school in Switzerland when I was 11, so I 4- learn) it for nearly 10 years At first in London, I (5- not understand) anything, but now my English (6- improve) I (7-just/ take) an exam I f pass) , I (9- move) mlo the next class I ' m excited today because my parents (10- come) tomorrow to stay with me for a few days and I (11 - not see) them for a long time They (13- never/ be) to England and they (14- not speak) English Exercise 4: Give the right form of the verbs in brackets in the following letter into the correct tenses Dear Ann, 1(1- receive) your letter about two weeks ago and (2- try) to find time to write you back ever since I (3- be) very busy lately In the past two weeks, I (4- have) four tests, and I have another test next week In addition, a friend (5- stay) with me since last Thursday She wanted to see the city, so we (6- spend) a lot of time visiting some of the interesting places here We (7- be) to the zoo, the art museum, and the botanical gardens Yesterday we (8- go) to the park and (9- watch) • balloon race Between showing her the city and studying for my exams, 1(10- have) barely enough time to breathe Right now it (11- be) a m and 1(12- sit) at my desk 1(13- sit) here five hours doing my studying My friend's plane (14- leave) at 6:05, so I (15- decide) not to go to bed That's why I (16- write) to you at such an early hour in the day I a little sleepy, but I would rather stay a nap after 1(19- get) back from taking her to the airport (17 get) up 1(18- take) How (20- you, get) along? Please write soon 56 Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences, beginning as given, so that the meaning stays the same He began playing football ten years ago He has He has been investigating the case for a week He started When is Peter and Sarah's wedding? When are I have never read such a romantic story This is We started cooking for the party four hours ago We have He forgot about the gun until he got home Not until 7.1 haven't been to an Indian restaurant for ages It's ages The last time Nancy came here was in 1986 Nancy hasn't This is my first visit to Japan This is the first time 10 How long have Helen and Robert been married? When 11 It's along time since our last conversation ' We 12 Thanks, but I had something to eat earlier Thanks, but I've 13 This is the most interesting book I've ever read • I've never 14 This is my first game of water-polo i• I 15 When she heard the results, Mary began to feel more confident Since hearing the results • Exercise 6: Using the word given and other words, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence: John never stops criticizing my friends always John my friends We've arranged to meet at 00 p m tomorrow are We at 00 p m tomorrow Helen rarely goes to the theater not Helen the theater very often 57 I am considermg visiting my cousin m Canada next summer thinking I my cousin in Canada next summer What time is you plane scheduled to arrive at Heathrow? land What time at Heathrow? I have arranged to have dinner with Jerry tonight am I The older he gets, the more eccentric he becomes is As time goes by, They don't like spicy food, so they avoid eating it never They Jane has found a job at a supermarket for the summer is Jane 10 How much is that green jacket Sir? cost How much with Jerry tonight eccentric as they don't like it at a supermarket this summer , Sir? Exercise Rewrite tlie sentences, using the word in brackets, so that the meaning stays the same: I put on ten k>ilos and then I decided to go on a diet (by the time) First, they washed the car and then they waxed it (aft) Lisa made a sandwich and then sat on the sofa to watch TV (before) We packed our suitcases and then left for the airport (as soon as) The lecture started Then I entered the lecture hall (when) I hadn't tasted Chinese food before (first) That was the only science-fiction book he had read (never) _^ Norman took that package Then he realized it was the wrong one (after) Mark was parking his car when he noticed the wing-mirror was broken (fVhile) 10 Judy was walking down the street when she saw an accident (As) 11 I'm sorry I can't talk to you now I ' m going to work in a minute (about to) 12 The Council is going to close the old swimming pool (intends) 58 13 They are going to have a big wedding in the summer (planning to) 14 The economy will collapse in the very near future, it will happen at any time now (on the point of) 15 My grandfather is going to die soon (about to) 16 You will arrive at the hotel at 30 in the evening {due to)_ P H A N 2: Sir H O A H O P G I C T A C H U N G C T V A D O N G T U " (SUBJECT AND VERB CONCORD) A L Y T H U Y E T C O B A N V A N A N G C A O - Trong mot cau tieng Anh, chu ngu va dong tir phai phu hop v6i ve ngoi va so (so it hay so nhieu) The boy speaks English very well s6 it so it The boys speak English very well so nhieu so nhieu Sau day la cac truang hop ve sir phu hop giua chu ngir va dong tir ma chiing ta can luu y: Khi chu ngfr dirng tach khoi dong tir Trong cau tieng Anh, c6 nhieu truanjj hgp rat kho xac djnh dirge dan la cliu ngCr cua cau do, chii ngir va dong tir khong di lien voi The studens in the class are reading books / The danger of water pollution is killing marine life Thong thuang cac truang hgp do, mot ngir giai tir (mot giai tir ma diiii va cac danh tir theo sau ~ in the class (hay) uf water population thirong nam giira ciiii ngir va dong tir Cac ngir giai tir khong anh hirong den vice chia dong tir The study of cultures is very interesting / Server^il theories on the moon life have been believed Chu y ran^ cac vi du tren cac danh tir nam ngfr giai tir deu trai ngirgc voi chii ngir ve so it / so nhieu nhung dong tir luon dirge chia theo chii ngir chinli Cac cum tu" sau cung voi cac danh tir di theo sau no tao nen hien tuong dong chu ngir * Do la cac danh tir di sau mot chu ngir noi voi cac tir nhu: accompanied by (dirge dong hanh along with (di ciing Together with ciing voi) (ciing voi); vai) Like(nhu) No less than (not less than): as well as (cung nhir): khong it hon la As well as (ciing nhu) Besides (ben canh) In addition to (them vao); 59 Cac cum tir sau cac tir tren dung giua cliu ngu va dong tir, plian tacli khoi phan boi dau phay Chung cung khong c6 anh hirong gi den viec chia dong tir, dong tir dugc chia vai chu ngCr chinh dung dau Jenny, along with her mother and some friends, is going to a party tonight Mr Hung, accompanied by her wife and children, is amving tonight * Neu danh tir rieng bi?t lam chu ngO noi voi bAng 'and' thi dong tir phai chia a ngoi thur so nhieu (tuong duong vai they) Mary and her manager are going to a party tonight You and I are close friends * Neu danh tir lam chii ngir n6i vai bang 'and' va hai danh tir deu muon chi tai mot nguai hay mot viec thi dpng tir phai chia a ngoi thur s6 it (tuang duang vai It/ she/ he) The smger and the actor (Mr Quang Dung) is interviewed on TV tonight (Nguoi ca sT kiem dien vien) Bread and milk is my favourite breakfast (Banh mi va sira chi mot mon an) * Nhmig neu dong chu ngir noi vai bang or thi dong tir phai chia theo danh tir dung sau or Neu danii tir la so it thi dong tir phai chia so it va nguoc lai Mary or her manager is going to answer the press interview Cac tir luon di voi danh tir hoac dai tir phiem chi lam chii ngir thi dong tir chia 6- so it Do la cac danh tir a bang sau (con goi la cac dai tir phiem chi): any + singular noun no + singular noun some + singular noun Some time (mot thai gian nao do) Some student (mot sinh vien nao do) Anybody Nobody anyone no one anything nothing every + singular noun everybody somebody someone something everyone everything each + singular noun either * Neither * each of plural noun * Either va neither la so it neu chung khong di vai or hoac nor Either (c6 nghTa 2) chi dung cho nguai hoac vat Neu nguai (vat) tra ien phai diing any Neither (khong mot hai) chi diing cho nguai, vat Neu nguai (vat) tra len dimg not any - Everybody who wants to get scholarship has to pass this examination - Someone has called you - Anybody who commits the crime has to be put into prison - Neither of his close friends is kind to him ' - I f either of you goes out now, we will not be able to finish the work - No sollution is good for this problem - Nobody studies harder than Minh does Danh tir di voi None va No lam chii ngfr cau - None va No deu diing dirge vai ca danh tir so it va so nhieu 60 - Neu sau None of the la mot danh tir khong dem dirge thi dong tir phai d ngoi thij so it Neu sau no la mot danh tir so nhieu thi dong tir phai chia d ngoi thir so nhieu None of the + non-count noun + singular verb None of the + plural count noun + plural verb - None of the lost cars have been found - None of money has been invested in the local primary schools yet - Neu sau No la mot danh tir dem dugc so it hoac khong dem dugc thi dong tir phai a ngoi thu so it Neu sau no la mot danh tir so nhieu thi dong tir phai a ngoi thi'r so nhieu No + {singular noun / non-count noun} + singular verb No + plural noun + plural verb - No actor is suitable for this role / No bread is left in the cupboard - No actors are suitable for this role Cach su dung cau triic either or (hoac hoac) va neither nor (khong ma cung khong) - Khi sir dung cau true nay, chung ta luu y rang dong tir phai chia theo danh tir di sau or hoac nor Neu danh tir la so it thi dong tir chia d ngoi thur so it va ngugc lai Neu or hoac nor xuat hien mot minh (khong c6 either hoac neither) thi cung ap dung guy tac tuong tir (nhu da de cap a phan tren) neither + plural noun + plural verb + noun + nor either + or neither + singular noun + singular verb + noun + nor either + or - Neither Minh nor his friends have to go to school today - Either Minh or his friends have to go to school today - Neither his friends nor Minh has never seen any UFOs - Either his friends or Minh has never seen any UFOs V-ing lam chii ngir - Khi V-ing dung lam chii ngiJ thi dong tir cung phai chia a ngoi thi'r so it - Knowing English enables him to get promotion in his work - Not studying hard has made him fail in his examination Dong tur nguyen the (To- infinitive) lam chii ngir - Dong tir nguyen the (To- infinitive) cung c6 the dung lam chii ngir va dong tir sau no se chia ngoi thu so it Nhung nguoi ta thuong dung chii ngur gia // de mo dau cau To learn English well is necessary for him = It is necessary for him to learn English well To solve environment pollution isn't easy for us = It isn't easy for us to solve environment pollution Cau che nhan manh vol nienh de quan he - Cau che nhan manh v6i menh de quan he c6 dong tix dugc chia so it hay so nhieu thugc vao danh tir no thay the It is Lwho am a teacher here / It is he who is a student here It is you who don't believe me / It is the dog who often barks at night 61