Cẩm nang ôn luyện học sinh giỏi tiếng anh trung học sơ sở phần 3

9 C a u hoi voi ' W h o ' va ' W h a t ' thirong dung voi dong tir so it Who wants milk now? - we ail do, please What has happend? 10 C a c danh tir tap th^ - Do la cae danh tir a bang sau diing de chi nhom ngudi hoac t6 chirc nhimg tren thirc te ehimg la nhimg danh tir so it, vay cac dai tir va dong tir theo saii chimg Cling d ngoi thir so it Congress (Dai hoi/ Quoc hoi) family (Gia dinh) group (nhom) committee (Uy ban) class (lop) - Organization (T6 chirc) team (Dpi) army (qiian dpi) club (cau lac bp) crowd (dam dong) Government (Chinh phu) jury (Hoi thSm doan) majority* (da so) minority (tieu so) public (cong cpng/ dan chung The committee has met, and it has agreed on the sollutions The family is important for everyone The crowd was excited about the football match Our team js going to w i n this match Note: Tuy nhien neu cac vien nhom dang hoat dong rieng re, dong tir se chia a ngoi thir so nhicii: - Our family are having dinner (Gom cac vien gia dinh) - The team are searching for the murder (Goni cac canh sat vien hoat dong rieng re) 11 Danh tir majority du'oc dung theo phan sau no de chia dong tir T h e majority + singular verb T h e majority of the + plural noun + plural verb ^ - The majority believes in that rumour - The maiority o f the students study under the pressure 12 The police/the sheep/the fish + plural verb - The sheep are lying gently on the meadow - The police are trying to find out the murder 13 A couple + singular verb/ The couple + plural verb - A couple is walking hand m hand in'the park - The couple are smiling happily 14 C a c cum tir & nhom sau chi mot nhom dong vat hoac gia siic Cho dii sau gioi tir o/ la danh tir so nhieu thi dong tir van chia theo ngoi chu ngfr chinh - ngoi thir so it: flock of birds (mot dan chim)/ flock of sheep (niol dan cini), school of fish (mot ddn'cd), herd~t)f cattle (mot bay ^ia si'ic), pride of lions (mot dim sic tu), pack of dogs (mot hay cho):; a bunch of flowers (mot ho hoci) - The flock o f birds is singing in the trees - The herd o f casttle is breaking away - A bunch o f roses is very nice 15 Danh tir tap the chi thoi gian, tien bac, so d o , lam chii ngir - Tat ca cac danh tir tap the chi thtri gian, ticMi bac, so dirpc dd cap den nhu mot the thong nhat thi deu dupe xem la mot danh tir so it Do cac dong tir va dai tir theo sau chung phai a ngoi thir so it - Twenty-five dollars is too much for the meal - Fifty minutes isn't enough time to finish this test - T w o miles is too much to run in one day 62 16 Cach sir dung a number of, the number of: - A number of = "Mot so nhfrng ", di v6i danh tir so nhieu, dong tir chia a so nhieii A number of + plural noun + plural verb - A number of doctors are going on holiday (Mot so bac sT dang di nghi ) - A number of workers have already been interviewed - The number of = "So luong nhirng di voi danh tir so nhieu, dong tir van a ngoi thi'r so it The number of + plural noun + singular verb - The number of months in a week is twelve (So lugng tuan la 7) - The number of students is unemployed now 17 So thap phan lam chu ngir * Decimal number of plural Noun + plural verb Eg About two third of students are unemployed now * Decimal number of uncoutable Noun + singular verb Eg Three fourth of water is salty water 18 Phan tram va ti le phan tram lam chii ngfr * Percentage of Noun + singular verb Eg What is the percentage of water on the Earth? * Percent of plural noun + plural verb Eg 20 % of English people are very poor * Percent of uncountable noun + singular verb Eg 75% of water on the Earth is salty water 19 Many a + singular Noun + Many a + singular Noun + Singular Verb (Biet bao nhieu ) Eg: Many a strong man has left the village because of such a hard life Biet bao chang trai da roi lang vi cuoc song kho khan nhir the Many a teacher and many a student has taken part in the campaign Biet bao nhieu gaio vien va sinh vien da tham dir vao chien dich 20 Cac cum tir di voi cac dai tir chi dai lu-ong lam chii nguA lot of Much of Much too much of A large amount of A great deal of Plenty of + singular verb + uncountable noun Little of Most of Almost all of None of Half of The majority of Eg Half of bread has been eaten A large amount of money is going to be invested in our education 63 Many so many A lot of/lots of Plenty of Almost all of All of + Plural noun + Plural verb Most of Few of Half of The majority of Eg H a l f o f the students have disagreed w i t h t lis policy A lot o f students are looking for a j o b aftc;r graduating now 21 C a c danh tur ludn 6* so nhieu lam chu ngir Bang sau la nhOng danh tir bao g i d cung d hinh thai so nhieu v i chiing bao gom thirc the nen cac dai tir va dpng tir di cung vol chung cung phai a so nhieu Scissors jeans shorts tongs pants trousers Neu muon chiing ngoi so it phai dung a pair The trousers are in the washing basket A pair o f trousers is in the washing basket eyeglasses pliers tweezers of These scissors are sharp (Cai keo sac Chii y chi c6 cai keo nhmig cung dung v6i.these) 22 C a c h dung there is, there are - Duoc diing de chi sir ton tai ciia nguoi hoac vat tai mot nai nao Chii ngir that ctia cau la la danh tir di sau dong tir Neu no la danh tii- so it thi dong tir to he chia a ngoi ^ ^ „ — T h e r e is + singular subj ect (or non-count) T h e r e was There has been - There has been an increase in population Threre is a flood coming There-are + plural subjec t There were There have been - There was an car crash last night - There have been a large number o f unemployed people today - There were too many people at the wedding Ltfuy: - Cac cau tnic: there is certain/ sure/ likely/ bound to be = chac c h i n la se c6 Eg - There is sure to be a trouble when she leaves her home (Chac chan la se c6 rac roi c6 ay roi khoi nha) - Do you think there is likely to be storm (Anh cho rang chac chan se c6 bao chir) Trong dang tieng A n h quy chuan hoac van chuang mot so cac dong tir khac ngoai to be cung dupe sir dung v o l there: 64 Dong tir trang thai: Dong tir chi sir den: stand/lie/remain/exist/live enter/go/come/follow/develop Eg There exists nothing between them / There follows a sudden bang There you are / There he comes B B A I T A P O N L U Y E N Exercise 1: Give the right form of the verb in brackets to complete the following sentences Either the physicians in this hospital or the chief make a decision (Be) (be) going to have to my boss or m y sisters in the union going to w i n this grievance? Some o f the votes (seem) to have been miscounted The tornadoes that tear through this area every spring a nuisance Everyone selected to serve on this jury lot o f time (have) to be w i l l i n g to give up a Kara, together with her teammates, the basketball court (present) a formidable opponent on He seems to forget that there graduate There (have) (be) more than just (be) things to be done before he can to be some people left in that town after yesterday's flood Some o f the grain (appear) to be contaminated 10 Three-quarters o f the students (be) against the tuition hike 11 Three-quarters o f the student body (be) against the tuition hike 12 A high percentage o f the population (vote) for the new school 13 A high percentage o f the people 14 Politics (be) (vote) for the new school now sometimes a dirty business 15 Not only the students but also their instructor principal's office (have) been called to the 16 Each and every student and instructor in this building facility by next year 17 The students and instructors each ^ (hope) for a new (hope) for a new facility by next year 18 The chairman, along with his two assistants, convention (plan) to attend the annual 19 The fishing boat that has been tied up for three days way this morning (be) finally on its 20 When there (be) thunderstorms approaching, we are always reminded o f the threat o f tornadoes Exercise 2: Choose the best answer (A, B , C or D) to complete each sentences below Jenny with two dogs A is B are M a i as well as her friends A is B are walking in the park now C was D were having a picnic now C was D were 65 M y close friend and colleague, Mark, A have just got B hasjustgot The singer and actor A was M y family married C just has got D just have got going to have a live show m our city next month B were C is D are donated a large amount o f money to the local The singer and the actor_ orphanage A has B have A is C is D are always the most important for me B are C is T w o hundred thousands D are not enough for us to have a good meal in the restaurant now A was B were C is D are _ like a long time for her to live apart from her belo\d parents playing very well and they make their fans shout and yell The team B are seeing Three years A is seeming A C seems B are A is 10 Cattle A wasn't C was D seemed D were allowed to graze on this meadow B weren't 11 None o f his money C isn't D aren't earned by his working IS B are 12 None o f students C was failed in this examination B have A has C was D were D were _ w i l l i n g to take part in the en\t month 13 Every student B are A I S 14 The number o f students A are C was D were looking for a j o b now B was C were 15 A number o f students A feel D is worried about their employment after graduating B feels 16 Physics C felt D is feeling my favorite subject A are C was B is C is B have D have been climbing on the roof now 17 The boy, along with his two classmates A has— D are _ aware o f the danger 18 Neither the mother nor the children A were 19 None C is B was D has been for me sorry for what they D has felt/ has been going C feel/ have done B was feeling/ had done A is feeling/ did 20 I f anyone , tell h i m I'll be back later A was calling B called 21 Each o f the boys C call D calls to write his curriculum vitae now A have 22 B has C had D are having _ full o f food Under the tree A a basket was C are a basket B was a basket D were a basket 66 23 Two-thirds o f the lottery money donated for the poor A- is B are 24 About 60% o f students in this class A was 25 A flock o f sheep A are C was D were from the countryside B were C are grazing grass now D is B is D were C was 26 The number o f books in this library A are written in English B is 27 Either you or I C was D were here to clean the class before the teacher comes in A am B is C are 28 Neither her trousers nor her shirt A is going with this hat B are going 29 The homeless D were C goes D go our help to settle their own life A is needing B are needing 30 Several o f the students A has been C need D needs absent yesterday B had been C were D was 31 The President, accompanied with his sons and wife, Africa, next week A pay B pays 32 The majority , C paid in the rumor and an official \t to D is going to pay him in isolation A believes/ has left B believe/ leave C believe/ have left D believes/ have left 33 His patience him a lot in his work A help B helping 34 Anybody who C help this question w i l l be given an award A answer B answers 35 The Blairs D helps C is answering D are answering in London since 1950 A are living B have lived C have been living D has been living 36 Long, as well as L A are a student in Vietnam National University B were 37 Not only Jack but also his parents A is B ha\ 38 The majority o f the T O E E L tests A are B is 39 News on sports A were C am D has been also in debt C was D were difficult for us to pass C be D being on T V every night at 8:30 B was 40 A half o f men in this city C is D are died from a lung cancer which is resulted from smoking A have 41 There B has C is D are available for us to choose in my hometown A isn't a lot o f j o b B aren't many jobs C isn't a lot o f jobs D aren't a lot o f j o b 67 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 The Chinese, _ strong and old traditions and customs A has many B have much C have many D has much The percentage of Vietnamese people who moved to other countries to earn living very high A is B are C have D has Natural disasters, in addition to pollution, this area poor and dirty A has made B have made C make D making Half an hour not enough for me to make an important decision A are B is C being D were Miss Lan, accompanied by her friends on the piano highly evaluated by the judges A was B were C have been D has been My new pair of pants fit me A isn't B doesn't C aren't D don't I'm happy that e\erything better now A are B been C is D have Statistics a difficult course for many students to understand A is B are C were D being the right to have the freedom of speech I think every man and woman C are D is A have B has PHAN C A U C H U DONG VA BI DONG TRONG T I E N G ANH ( A C T I V E V O I C E AND PASSIVE V O I C E IN ENGLISH) A L Y T H U Y E T C O BAN VA NANG CAO Trong tieng Anh ngiioi ta rk hay dung cau bj dong Khac vol a cau chii dong clui ngiT thirc hien hanh dong cau bj dong chu ngCr nhan tac dong ciia hanh dong Cau bi dong duoc dimg muon nliaa nianh den doi luong cliiii lac dong cua hanh dong ho;n la ban than lianh dong Chinh \ the can bj dong Tieng Anh tluioiig dirge dimg cac van phong trang trong, the hien tinh khach quan cua hanh dong C^u true ciui bi dong: S + be + past participle + (by) Cdc can (rue edit bi ctoiig a cac thi ctr bun Thi QKTD: S - was' werev- being + Ved'V-3 : Thi 11T[XT:3 T Am is' are - Ved/V-3 Eg: Mai was being interviewed at p m yesterday Eg: Cai-s are produced in Japan Thi HTTD: S + Anv'is / are + being + Ved'3 Thi QKHT: S + had + been - Ved'V-3 Eg: All food had been eaten before we came there Eg: A new building is being built here Thi TLDG: S + will + be + VedA/-3 Thi HTHT: S + Have/has been + Ved'3 Eg: They hope that the new bridge will be built soon Eg: This report has just been finished Thi TLDD: S + Am/is / are+ going to be + Ved3 Thi QK.E)G: S + was' were^ Ved V-3 Eg: A festival is going to be held in our city, next week Eg: N4y house was built yeai-s ago Cdch chuyen tie can chu dgii}* sang cau bi i1dni> Xac djnh tan ngir ciia cau chii dong, dira no len lam chii ngir ciia cau bi dong Xac dinh dong tir chinli ciia cau chii dong chuyen no dang phan tir qua khir dong tir 'to be" o cau bi dong duoc cilia theo thi cua dong lir chinh cua can chu dong 68 nr - Xac djnh chii ngu cua cau bj dong chuyen no tac nhan gay hanh dong sau gioi tir 'by' • Neil chii ngD" la nhung dai tir bat djnh (nobody, anybody, everyone, ) hoac they, people thi khong nhk thiet phai c6 'by • Neil dong tir c6 tan ngfl- muon nhan manh tan ngir nao ta dira tan ngir leii lam chii ngir Eg: I gave him a book I gave a book to him He was given a book (by me) * Mot so cau phai chuyen theo each rieng, theo cau true rieng * To have someone something to have something done (Nho lam gi) EX Yesterday, I had them repaint my house Yesterday, I had my house repainted Note: Eg: Peter had his car stolen / My brother had his leg broken while playing football (Dien ta sir khong may bj gi) * To make sbd st to be made to st Eg: They made David work hard -> David was made to work hard * Sbd needs to st = To need to be done = to need doing Eg: The house is a mess I need to tidy it -> It needs to be tidied = it needs tidying * To let sbd st to be allowed to st Eg: My father lets me to go out at night -> I am allowed to go out at night * * Like/ love/ remember/ hate/ dislike (doing st/1 clause/sbd doing st) Like/love/ remember/ hate/ dislike being done Eg: - I remember that someone gave me that book on my birthday = I remember being given that book on my birthday * Bi dong v&i Modal verb: S + can/may/should/might/must + be +Ved/y-3 Eg: Your homework must be done at home * Bidpng viri cau true: S + have/has to st -^S + have/has to be + done (Ved/V-3) Eg: Uniform has to be worn at this school * Bi dong v&i cau true: S + used to st r^S + used to be + done (Ved/V-3) Eg: He used to be taken to school when he was a little boy * Bj dong voi cac cau true dong tic di v&i dong tit nguyen the: S + V+tobe + V-ed/ V-3 Eg: He wants to be given the first prize) * Bi dong v&i cac cau true dong tir di v&i danh dong tir: S +V + being + Ved/ V-3 Eg: I dislike being told what to * Bi dong v&i cac dong tie: say; report; think; believe, understand; know; expect S + say (report/ think/ believe/ understand/ know/ expect) + that + clause -> It + be + said (reported/ thought/ believed/ understood/ known/ expected) + that + clause ^ S + be + said (reported/ thought/ believed/ understood/ known/ expected) + toinf/ to be V-ing/ to have + V-ed/3/ to have been + V-ing)/ to have been V+ed Active voice say (said) Subject (people; report (reported) someone; (that) + clause John lives in NewJork 69 ^ they; everyone; nobody) think (thought) beheve (believed) understand (understood) know (knew) expect (expected) John w i l l live in Australia in two years John is traveling m Africa John has been to Germany John went to Japan last year John has been writing a good book John is going to build a new villa in London Passive voice (each chuyen 1) It is/ was said (that) reported thought believed understood known expected (that) + clause John lives in NewJork / John w i l l live in Australia in two years John is traveling in Africa John has been to Germany John went to Japan last year John has been writmg a good book for year John is going to build a new villa in London | Passive voice (each chuyen 2) to live m NewJork said (that) John is/ was reported to live in Australia in two years to have gone to Japan last year understood to have been to Germany believed to be traveling in Africa thought to be gomg to build a new villa in London expected to have been writing a good book for year known Active Voice: People said that John was traveling to Africa Pasive voice: - > I t was said that John was traveling to Africa -> John was said to have been traveling to Africa Active Voice: Pasive voice: They expect that the government w i l l build a new highway here - > l t is expected that the government w i l l build a new highway here -> A new highway is expected to be built here by the government -> The go\emment is expected to build a new highway here Mot so cau true cau bj dong - to be made of: Dirge lam bang (De cap den chat lieu lam nen vat): This ring is made o f gold and diamond - to be made from: Dirge lam tir (de cap den viec nguyen vat lieu bj bien doi khoi trang thai ban dku 6k lam nen vat): Wine is made from rice - to be made out of: Dirge lam bang (de cap den qua trinh lam vat) These biscuits were made out o f flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk - to be made with: Dirge lam v6i (de cap den chi mot so nhieii chat lieu lam nen \at) This soup tastes good because it was made with a lot o f spices - to be made by sbd: dirge lam bai This blouse was made for me by my mother 70 - to be made in somewhere: dirge san xuat a dau These laptops were made in Japan B BAI TAP ON LUYEN Exercise 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences I still can't believe it! My wallet last night A was stolen B was stealing C stolen D stole The current computer problem is by some experts m the country A studymg B bemg studymg C being studied D been studied Something funny in class yesterday A happened B was happened C happens D is happened The child's arm was swollen because he by a bee A stung B had stung C had been stung D had being stung Today, many serious childhood diseases by early immunization A are preventing B can prevent C prevent D can be prevented I with you on that subject A am agree B am agreed C agreeing D agree Many U S automobiles in Detroit, Michigan A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing Let's go ahead and it now Nothing by waiting A accomplishes B accomplished C has accomplished D will be accomplished "When ?" "In 1928 " A penicillin was discovered B did penicillin discovered C was penicillin discovered D did penicillin discover 10 In recent years, the government has im.posed pollution controls on automobile manufacturers Both domestic and imported automobiles must antipollution devices A equip with B be equipped with C equip by D be equipped by 11 A shortage of water is a problem in many parts of the world In some areas, water from the ground faster than nature can replenish the supply A is being taken B has been taking C is taking D has taken 12 Vitamin C by the human body It gets into the blood stream quickly A absorbs easily B is easily absorbing C is easily absorbed D absorbed easily 13 "When can I have my car back?" "I think it'll late this afternoon " A finish B be finished C have tmished D be finish 14 I didn't think my interview went well, but I guess it must have Despite all my anxiety, I for the job I wanted I'm really going to work hard to justify their confidence A was hiring B hired C got hiring D got hired 71 * admit that + clause: thu nhan rang Direct speech: " A l l right, it is true, I was nervous," said the leading actor Indirect speech: The leading actor admitted that he had been nervous * doubt whether (or not) : nghi ngff c6 hay khong Direct speech: " I don't think Liverpool will win,"said Jack Indirect speech: Jack doubted whether Liverpool would win (or not) * advise sbd to st: khuyen lam gi Direct speech: " I were you Bill I'd buy a mountain car," Stephen told Bill Indirect speech: Stephen advised Bill to buy a mountain car * promise to st: hura lam gi Direct speech: "Don't worry, Martin I ' l l bring your book back." said Lilly Indirect speech: Lilly promised to bring Martin's book back * accuse abd of doing st (having done st): buoc toi la da lam gi Direct speech: "You murdered Lord, didn't you, Collin," said the" inspector.' Indirect speech: The inspector accused Collin of murdering Lord * blame sbd for st/ doing st: loi cho vi cai g'l/ da lam gi Direct speech: "It's you who broke my glasses," Hoa said to me Indirect speech: Hoa blamed me for breaking/ having broken her glasses * insist on st/ doing at/ having done st: nai ni cai gi, lam gi, da lam gi Direct speech: "No, no, you really must have another drink!" Dick told me Indirect speech: Dick insisted on my having another drink * confess to doing st/ having done: thu nhan da lam gi Direct speech: "It was me who has stole the money," said Jim Indirect speech: Jim confessed to stealing the money * decide to st: quyet djnh lam gi Direct speech: "Right, I ' l l take the brown pair," said Andrew Indirect speech: Andrew decided to the brown pair * refuse to st: tir choi lam gi Direct speech: "No, sorry, don't want to lend you my camera " AlEg told me Indirect speech: AlEg refused to lend me his camera * threaten to st: de doa lam gi Direct speech: " I ' l l kill you i f you don't give me your money," the robber said to the old lady Indirect speech: The robber threatened to kill the old lady i f she didn't give him her money * request sbd to st: yeu cau lam gi Direct speech: "Please write your full name under your signature," said the clerk Indirect speech: The clerk requested me to write my full name under my signature * urge sbd to st: thuc giuc lam gi Direct speech: "Hurry up," said my mother Indirect speech: My mother urged me to hurry up * beg sbd (not) to st: van xin (khong) lam gi Direct speech: "Please, please, don't leave me now," the girl said to the boy Indirect speech: The girl begged the boy not to leave her then 77 * encourage sbd to st: khuyen khich, dong vien iam gi Direct speech: "Go on Try your best Don't give your hope You'll win your prize " said Jen Indirect speech: Jen encouraged me to try my best, not to give my hope and assured that I would win the prize * warn sbd (not) to st: canh bao khong lam gi Direct speech: "Don't eat these fruits, will you? They're very poisonous," said my mother Indirect speech: My mother warned me not to eat these fruits because they were very poisonous * check whether (or not): kiem tra lai rang Direct speech: "You are a teacher, aren't you?" my old friend said Indirect speech: My old friend checked whether I was a teacher * invite sbd to st: moi lam gi Direct speech: "Would you like to join in our picnic next Sunday," Mai said to Lan Indirect speech: Mai invited Lan to join in their picnic the following Sunday * refuse to st: tir choi lam gi Direct speech: " I ' m sorry I can't go with you now I'm busy with my homework" Lan said Indirect speech: Lan refused to go with me then and explained that she was busy with her homework * reply that/ answer that + clause: dap lai rang/ tra loi rang Direct speech: "Do you like your job?" I asked him ~ "No," he replied Indirect speech: I asked i f he like his job and he replied he didn't * assure sbd that: bao dam vol rang Direct speech: "You can have a refund i f the product has any faults," Mr Brown assured me Indirect speech: Mr Brown assured me that I could have a refund i f the product had any faults * object that + clause: phan doi rSng / object to doing st: phan dfii lam Direct speech: "No, I don't want to sit here in order to wait for his pity," said the girl Indirect speech: The girl objected to sitting there in order to wait for his pity * argue that + clause: tranh cai rang Direct speech: "But using our own motorbikes will cause air ix>llution," said Mai Indirect speech: Mai argued that using their own motorbikes would cause air pollution * claim that + clause: tuyen b6 rang Direct speech: "Right I've written that letter to the boss," said Jack Indirect speech: Jack claimed that he had written that letter to the boss * complain that + clause: phan nan rang 78 Direct speech: "Oh, you have never complimented me on my work." Lan told her father Indirect speech: Lan complained that her father had never complimented her on her work * exclaim that + clause: thot len rang Direct speech: "Hey hey M y team has w o n ! " said the boys Indirect speech: The boys exclaimed (with joy/ joyftilly) that his team had won * Shout/ yell/ scream at (to) sbd (that + clause): la het, thet len voi Direct speech: "Go away!" he told his wife angrily Indirect speech: He shouted at his wife and asked her to go away Direct speech: "Help, help," said the young girl Indirect speech: The young girl yelled for help * compliment sbd on st/ doing st: khen ve cai gi Direct speech: "Wel!done!lt"s a great effort \ ' o u played the guitar skillfully."' M a i told me Indirect speech: M a i complemented me on playing the guitar skillfully * reproach sbd for st/ doing st: chi trich, trach mang vi cai gi, da lam gi Direct speech: " Y o u should have locked the door open this morning." my father told me Indirect speech: M y father reproached me for not having locked the door that morning * remark that + clause: nhan xet rang Direct speech: "1 think that you're making progress," said my English teacher Indirect speech: M y English teacher remarked that I were making progress B BAI T A P O N L U Y E N Exercise 1: Complete the second sentence in each pairs so that the meaning stays the same: i t ' s pouring w i t h rain down here ' She told me I ' l l come and see you on Friday i f that's all right " She said that The club lost quite a lot o f money last month' The treasurer told the meeting ^ T ' l l have finished writing the report by the time you get here,' She promised me i enjoyed myself last night' Clare said that "What are the most interesting sights?" A young man wanted to know "Have you got a town plan?" A German student asked "Where can we stay?" A French couple wondered 79 "How long does the film last?" Carol asked Carol asked 10 "Are there guided tours?" A Japanese man asked 11 "Which way is the castle?" A tourist wanted to know 12 Peter to Nick: Would you like to stay for lunch? Peter invited 13 Tim to Martin: You ought to see a doctor Tim advised 14 Louise: I'm sorry I caused so much trouble Louise apologized 15 ":Andy: ' Why don't we go out for the day? Andy suggested 16 Tracy: I'll the washing up Tracy offered 17 Pat to Jane: You're going to post the letter, don't forget Pat reminded Jane 18 Travel agent: Yes, we made a mistake The travel agent admitted 19 Steve to Mike: Don't touch the electric wires Steve warned 20 Are you taking much money with you to France? My bank manager wanted to know Exercise 2: Change the following sentences into reported speeches Use one of the reporting verbs given below: advise, promise, suggest, inquire, warn, agree, threaten, apologize, complain, refuse "Why don't we invite Jane to dinner tonight?" Mrs Stone said 1 think you are right, Tracey We ought to let the others know," said Kerry "I'm really sorry that I woke you up this morning, Harry," said Chris "You'll bum yourself, Tom, if you keep playing with matches." said his sister "You should stay in the shade and wear a hat, Mrs Bent," said the doctor " I have been standing in this queue for two hours!" said the man " I f you-scream, I'll shoot," said the robber to the girl "Where is Mount Everest?" asked a student 80 "I'll definitely pay you back by the end of the week Mum," said Sue 10 I will not let you borrow my car tomorrow, Graham," said Michael Exercise 3: Change the following sentences into reported speech L'se the verbs given in the box Use each word once only suggest agree claim boast whisper admit shout protest "1 can speak six languages fluently," he said "Let's go to the cinema this evening," he said "Stop that noise in the classroom," said the teacher "That car you are driving is my property," the man said "Yes, I broke the windows with my catapults," the boy said "You can't take me to prison I know my rights," the man said " I shall always love you," said his fiancee "Well, yes, if the weather is bad, we can't go," Exercise 4: Continue reporting each sentence, using only the number of words stated in brackets "Do you think you could possibly tell me what the time is?" David asked me (five words) "Excuse me, but I wonder if you'd mind opening the window " The man sitting next to me asked me {four words) "You go down this street, turn left, then take the second turning on the right The cmema is just down the street on the left " A passer-by told me how (five words) " I want to know how much this bike cost Can you tell me?" John asked how (four words) "Look, don't worry, I ' l l help you i f you like " Sue said she (three words) "All right, I tell you what, the car's yours for, let's say $ 500 " The salesman said I could {five words) " I hope you don't mind my saying this, but you're being a bit silly, aren't you?" Peter told me I (five words) "It doesn't look as i f I ' l l be arriving until after eight, I'm afraid " Jane said she probably (six words) 81 P H A N 5: C A U D I E U K I E N - C O N D I T I O N A L S E N T E N C E S A L Y T H U Y E T C O B A N V A N A N G C A O I Type 1: Dieu kien c6 the thuc hien diroc d' hien tai (dicu kicn dang I ) : if + S + simple present tense S + simple future (will st) + should/ may/ might/ can + st Eg: I f he tries much more, he w i l l improve his English / I f I have enough time, I can finish my work - Cau dieu kien d i l n ta thoi quen hay sir that hien nhien ( H A B I T l ' A L / F A C T l ^ A L ACTION) if + S + simple present tense Eg: | S + simple present tense I usually walk to school i f I have enough time I f you heat the ice, it melts / I f summers come, it is hot and sunny - Cau dieu kien dien ta M E N H L E N H ( C O M M A N D ) if + S + simple present tense + command form of verb + Eg: I f you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me Please cal] me i f you hear anything from Jane Type 2: Dieu kien khong the thyc hien duyc a hien tai if + S + simple past tense | S + would + V (bare-infinitive) Eg: I f I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon (I don't have money now and I can't buy a ) Chii h Dong tir to be phai chia la were a tat ca cac ngoi Eg: I f I were rich, I would travel around the world (I am not rich) ( E m not going to travel around the world) Type 3: Dieu kien k h o n g the thirc hien duryc 6' qua khiir if + S + past perfect tense S + would + V (perfect infinitive- have done) Eg: I f he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it (he didn't study harder and he didn't pass the test) I f I hadn't been in a hurry, I wouldn't have had an accident (I was in a hurry) ( I had an accident) Cdugid cljnh vt'ri wish / if only • Trdi v&i hien tai (mong irac mot sir thay doi tinh trang a hien t ^ i ) S + wish + S + V e r b (Past simple) Eg: I wish I were rich / I wish I had a car/I • wish I could speak English well Trdi v&i (fud khie (mong uac mot sir thay doi tinh trang a qua khur, the hien su hoi tiec ve dieu da xay tron'g qua khir) S + wish + S + Verb (Past Perfect) Eg: I wish I hadn 't lost my bike last night / I wish I had studied harder last year • Trdi v&i tirffng lai (mong muon mot viec gi xay hoac lam viec gi tuong lai) S + wish + S + would / could + Verb (infmive) 82 Eg: I wish she would come / / wish it would stop raining Can Ink Iren dien ta sirphan nan ve ihdi c/tien xau ciia Eg: I wish you wouldn't make so much noise in the class * Cdu tri'ic: Wish + To-Inf (wish = want = expect) dien ta sir inong miion lam viec gi Eg: I wish to pass the exam NOTE: If only = wish Eg: If only I were rich If only I had passed my exams Chu y: Lucre ho 'if Irong cdu cHeu kien chung ta theo cdu true sau: Type 1: Should you go out please buy me some stamps = i f you go out, please buy me some stamps Type 2: Were I the president of America, I wouldn't have the war on Iraq = I f I were the President, I wouldn't have the war on Iraq Type 3: Had she studied hard, she would have passed the examination, last year = If she had studied hard, she would have passed the examination, last year ' THE FORD CAR YESTERDAY) - I f Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you [Bl T.V.I A/ DOESN'T SI'EAK Rl 'SSIAN AND TIIA T IS WHY HE DIDN'T TRANSLA TE THE LETTER ) - I f I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night {BIT I HAVE TO WORK A LOT AND THAT IS WHY I DIDN'T * IF- C L A U S E (PAST SIMPLE) CO TO THE I'ART) LAST NK.HT ) + R E S I L T C L A U S E (Would be / V(inf)) Day la cau dieu kien diing de dien dat mot dieu kien khong c6 that a hien tai \ ket qua tirong I'rng khong c6 that ciia no a tuong iai Examples: - I f I didn't have so much vacation time I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week {Bl T / DO HA VE A LOT OF I ACA TION TIME AND I WILL CO ON THE TRW SE.XT WEEK ) - I f Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign {B( 'T CINDY WORK IS NOT CREATIVE ON THE NEW CAMPAIGN AND TIIECOMPANY WON'TSEND HER TO NEW YORK TO ) - I f Dan weren't so nice, he wouldn't be tutoring you in math tonight {BUTDAN IS NICE AND HE IS GOING TO TUTOR YOU TONIGHT ) * I F - C L A I S E ( P A S T C O N S T I U O U S ) + R E S U L T C L A U S E (Would have done) Day la cau dieu kien diing de dien dat mot dieu kien khong c6 that d tuong Iai va ket qua tirong I'rng khong c6 that ciia no a qua khi'r Examples: - I f I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new assignment at work {BL IT I AM GOING ACCEPT TII.IT TO GO ON A liUSINESS NEW ASSIGNMENT \T WORK TRIP NEXT WEEK AND TIIA T IS WHY I DIDN'T ) - I f my parents weren't coming this weekend, would have planned a nice trip just for the two o f us to Napa Valley {BUT PLAN MY PARENTS ARE GOING TO COME FOR THE TWO OF I -V TO NAPA A TRIP THIS VALLEY WEEKEND, AND THAT IS WHY I DIDN'T ) - I f Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice Italian restaurant {BUT SUGGEST SHE IS GOING TO MAKE USA TIIA T WE GO TO THA T NICE BIG DINNER ITALIAN RESTA TONIGHT URANT AND Tll.iT IS WHY I DIDS'T ) * I F - C L A U S E ( P A S T C O N S T I U O l ' S ) + R E S U L T C L A U S E (Would have done) Day la cau dieu kien diing de dien dat mot dieu kien khong c6 that a tuong Iai va ket qua tirang urng khong c6 that ciia no a hien tai Examples: - I f I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited 84 {BUT EXCITED I AM NOT GOING TO GO TO THAT CONCERT TONIGHT AND THAT IS WHY I AM NOT ) - I f Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous (BUT NOT SANDY IS NOT GOING TO GIVE A SPEECH TOMORROW AND THA T IS WHY SHE IS NERVOUS.) - I f Seb didn't come w i t h us to the desert, everyone would be very disappointed [BUTSEB * will COME WITH ('S TO THE DESERT AND HIATIS WHY EVERYONE IS SO IIAITY ) Mot so mau cau dien ta cau dieu Iden * Unless + positive = i f not: Trir phi neu khong Eg: You w i l l be late unless you start at once * But for that + unreal condition: Neu khong thi Menh de sau no phai lui mot thai + Hientai: M y father pays my fee, but for that I couldn't be here + Qua khir: M y car broke down, but for that we would have been here in time * Otherwise + real condition: Keo, neu khong thi We must be back before midnight otherwise I w i l l be locked out * Otherwise + unreal condition: Keo, neu khong thi Sau no phai la dieu kien khong the thirc hien dugc, menh de sau no liii mot thai + Hien tai: Her father supports her finance otherwise she couldn't conduct these experiments (But she can w i t h her father's support) + Qua khu: I used a computer, otherwise I would have taken longer with these calculations (But he didn't take any longer) * Luu y: Trong tieng Anh thong tuc (colloquial English) ngirai ta dung or else de thay the cho otherwise * Provided/Providing that: V a i dieu kien la, mien la (= as long as) You can camp here providing that you leave no mess * Suppose/Supposing = What if: Gia sir thi sao, Neu thi Suppose the plane is late? = What ( w i l l happen) i f the plane is late? * as if / as though - Trai vai hien tai: AS I F / AS T H O U G H + S + Verb (Past Simple/Past continuous) - Trai vai qua klu'r: A S I F / A S T H O U G H + S + Verb (Past Perfect) II BAI T A P O N L I I Y E N Exercise 1: Give the right form of the verb in brackets to complete the following sentences We'll go to the beach i f it (be) fine tomorrow Had it not been fof the goalkeeper, the team Supposed that I (tell) h i m the news I f you aren't going to live in the house, w h y don't you sell it? I f I (have) a house I couldn't use (sell) it at once He'll come and help you i f he I f I see h i m I They (lose) the match (drop) in his house last night, I (finish) his work before p m (give) h i m a lift (play) football i f it (not rain) now 85 The poUce (arrest) him if they catch him He must tell the truth, otherwise nobody (believe) a word he says 10 Mr Black will buy a new house if he (have) enough money 11 Provided that I have free time, (come) to visit you 12 It's very noisy next door It sounds as i f they (have) a party 13 That house is shaking It looks as if it (fall) down 14 Ann coughs a lot She sounds as though she (have) a cod 15 I don't like Norma She talks as if she (know) everything 16 Providing that you kindly sit down I (make) enquiries for you 17 Unless you (be) more careful you 'II have an accident 18 She (take, not) care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (be, not) canceled 19 Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday But, he (come) if you (insult) him 20 Marie (be) happy now i f she (give, not) up her career when she got married 21 Dr Mercer (accept) the research grant at Harvard if he (take, not) months off to spend more time with his family 22 Professor Schmitz (talk, not) so much about the Maasai tribe in the last conference i f she (be, not) an expert on African tribal groups 23 I (be, not) unemployed now if I (have, not) a disagreement with my boss and I (be, not) red 24 Nicole (speak, not) Chinese fluently if she (live, not) in China for ten years 25 Ok I (help) you study for your test if you (spend, not) the last two weeks partying and wasting time 26 But, Eleanor and Ben (go) : skiing with us this year i f Eleanor (have, not, just) a baby 27 I f I (be, not) completely exhausted now, I (go) with you to the movies tonight 28 She (be) worried about the conference tomorrow i f she (give) a speech 29 Frank (go) to the graduation ceremony tomorrow i f he (break) his leg snowboarding last week 30 But for my teacher's help, I (not win) that competition Exercise 2: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shbwn, so that the meaning stays the same I didn't have an umbrella with me and so I got wet I wouldn't 86 I'll call the police i f you don't leave me alone! Unless in the snowy weather we don't go to school If Without Jack's help, I wouldn't have been able to move the table I f _ You drmk too much coffee, that's why you can't sleep If you You press this button to stop the machine If Make me some coffee, and I ' l l give you one of my biscuits If If you hadn't told me about Sue's hair, I wouldn't have noticed Unless If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 00 If you should 10 I wouldn't accept if you asked me to marry you! If you were Exercise 3: Complete the second sentence in each pair, using the word given, so that the meaning stays the same I didn't know his address in London, so I didn't visit him visited If I had known ^ him If you don't speak clearly, the audience won't understand you else You have to understand you Angela, you're not old enough otherwise you would be able to get a motorbike, were Angela, a motorbike I wouldn't mind being transferred to another city if they offered me a higher salary, condition I wouldn't mind me a higher salary If he decides to go shopping, there's a chance that I will go with him might If he with him We can have dinner here unless you want to go to a restaurant, want If dinner here Fortunately, they were wearing seat belts, so nobody was seriously injured, not If been seriously injured I'd like to travel all over the world but I don't have enough money would I all over the world i f I had enough money Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentence given, using the word given so that the meaning stays the same We won't go away if the weather is bad UNLESS I didn't have money so I didn't buy a new shirt WOULD 87 If they offered you the job, would you accept? WERE ~-~J f you are in London by any chance, come and see me SHOULD I f you have any free time, could you give me a ring? HAPPEN Without you, I would have given up years ago BEEN I f Pauline hadn't been interested, the project would have been abandoned BUT FOR What would you i f you found some buried treasure? WERE Dick is in prison now because a detective recognized him IF_ 10 The fire was brought under control thanks to the night-watchman IT H A D N ' T Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using the word given, so that the meaning stays the same Jeremy regrets not having accepted the job he was offered WISHES I f you had heard the politician speak, you'd think he had won the election THOUGH I think you should get a haircut ABOUT I can't stand Betty borrowing my clothes without asking me first RATHER It's a pity governments spend so much money on nuclear weapons WOULDN'T I advise you to see the dentist today; otherwise your toothache will get worse BETTER Jim would really like to participate in the debate, but he can't COULD_ Susan doesn't like watching TV in the evenings, she'd rather read magazines TO You should have waited for us BETTER 10 He should start studying hard FOR It's 11 We didn't want to leave the party so early LEFT ; 12 It would have been better to have hired a car during the holiday ONLY 88 13 We'd prefer to go shopping rather than stay at home RATHER 14 I would like to know how to play the piano KNEW 15 Mr Smith wanted me to finish the reports yesterday but I couldn't SOONER Exercise 6: Correct the following sentences if necessary by taking out the unnecessary word Christine would rather not to work overtime this week Suppose you hadn't found your car keys, what would you have done? It's high time he had tidied up his room It's time for the children went to bed I would rather not Tom didn't live so far away I'd rather we have visited a museum I wish we had lived in a bigger house because then I'd have a room of my own He acted as if he knew everything We'd better to fix the leaking tap tomorrow 10 If only I hadn't broken my leg while playing football PHAN 6: CAU GIA DINH (SUBJUNCTIVE) A LY THUYET CO BAN VA NANG CAO Cau gia djnh hay goi la cau cau khien la loai cau doi tugn^ thir nhat muon doi tirgng thtr hai lam mot viec gi Cau gia djnh c6 tinh chat cau khien chu khong mang tinh ep bugc nhu cau menh lenh Trong cau gia djnh, nguoi ta dung dang nguyen the khong CO to cua cac dgng tir sau mot so dgng tir chinh mang tinh cau khien Thuong CO that cau gia dinh trir mot so truong hgp dac biet * would rather (that) + S + V (bare infinitive) - Ngir phap hien dai dac biet la ngCr phap My cho phep dung would rather ma khong can dung that loai cau Eg: We would rather (ttiat) he not move to Hanoi - Ngoai ra, chung ta dung cau true: S + would rather sbd did st: tha rang lam gi thi han Eg: We would rather he wasn't going to move to Hanoi I would rather you didn't talk loudly - Phan biet cac cau true tren v6i: S + would rather st: tha rang lam gi hon S + would rather st than st: tha rang lam gi han lam gi Eg: I would rather stay at home I would rather stay at home than go ou with you tonight * * Mot so dong tir bang sau doi hoi menh de sau no phiii c6 'that' va dong tir dong tir sau chij ngir o dang nguyen the bo to Advise: khuyen Ask: yeu cau Command: lenh Decree: sac lenh demand: yeu cau insist: nai ni move: kich dong order: lenh Prefer: thich hon Propose: de nghj recommend: gicVi Request: yeu cau Require: doi hoi Stipulate: dat dieu thieu Urge: thiic giiic kien Suggest: de nghj 89 Dong tir sau cliii ngir a dang nguyen the khong chia bo to Neu muon lap the phii djnh dat not sau chii ngir triroc nguyen thd bo to Subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form| + Eg: The doctor suggested that his patient morning exercises / The doctor su^uested that his patient not morning exercises - Neu bo tlicit di thi chii ngir se tro \ dang tan ngir va dong tir sau no tra \ dang nguyen the c6 to, cau mat tinh chat gia dinh, tra mot dang menh lenh thirc gian tiep Eg: The doctor suggested his patient to morning exercises The doctor suggested his patient not to morning exercises Chu y: Trong ngir phap Anh-Anh trirac dong tir a menh de thirang c6 should ngiroi A n h chi bo should sau no la dong tir to he nhmig ngir phap Anh-My khong diing should cho toan bo dong tir menh de * Mot so tinh tir bang sau doi hoi menh de sau no phai c6 'that' va dong tir dong tir sau chu ngir 6' dang nguyen the bo to Advised: khuyen Neccssarv: can thi^t suggested: ggi y Important: quan Mandatory: c6 tinh Recommended: gioi obligatory: bat buoc bat buoc thieu cuong bach proposed: de nghj Required: doi hoi urgent: khan cap Imperative: menh lenh Chu y rang bang c6 mot so tinh tir la phan tir can tao tir cac dong tir a bang tren Neu muon cau tao phii djnh dat not sau chii ngir triroc ngujen ihk bo to It + be + adj + that + S + [verb in simple form] EG: It is necessary that he learn English / It is necessat-y that he not learn English EG: It has been proprosed that we raise money for that campaign It has been proprosed that we not raise money for that campaign Neu bo that di thi chu ngir se bien tan ngir sau giai tir for dong tir tra ve dang nguyen the c6 to va cau mat tinh chat gia djnh tra dang menh lenh thirc gian tiep EG: It is necessary for h i m learn English / It is necessary for h i m not to learn English EG: It has been proprosed for us to raise money for that campaign It has been proprosed for us not to raise money for that campaign Cau gia dinh dirng vai loai tren thirong dirge dirng cac van ban hoac thu giao dich dicn dat I6i de nghj tir phia A -> B ma khong c6 tinh bat buoc Khong chi c6 dong tir va tinh tir mai dirge diing theo dang nay, tat ca cac danh tir xuat phat tir nhirng dong tir va tinh tir tren deu huge menh de sau no phai d dang gia dinh, neu nhu no dien dat cac yeu to tren There is suggestion from the boss that John work hard It is recommendation that his wife be present at the court * The gia djnh mot so truong hop khac - Diing de dien dat mot irac muon hoac mot loi nguyen riia, thuang bao ham cac the lire sieu nhien 90 God be w i t h you = Good bye : Tam biet, chua se di theo ban Curse this toad: Chet tiet cai coc - Dung vai dong tir May mot so truong hgp dac biet sau: • Come what may : D i i the nao chang nua, dii bat ci'r truyen gi • Come what may we w i l l stand by you : Du the nao di chang nfra chiing toi luon ben ban • May as well not s t h if = Co the dirng neu khong You may as well not come i f you can't be on time : Ban c6 the dirng den, neu ban khong the dirng g i a • M a y / M i g h t (just) as well smt = Chang mat gi ma lai khong, mat gi ciia bo Since nobody wants that j o b , we might (just) as well let h i m have it V i khong thich viec nay, minh chang mat gi ma lai khong cho han ta lam no • May dien dat mot lai de nghj ma nguoi noi cho rang chua clrSc no da duoc thirc hien: The sign on the lawn says clearly that people may not walk on the grass, (khong diing should truong hop nay) • May +S + link verb + adj hoac May + S + verb + complement (Cau chiic cho) May you both very happy: Chiic cac ban bach nien giai !ao May the conference be successful: Chiic hoi nghi cong rirc Long may our parents live to help us: Chiic cho bo me song lau de giiip chiing ta * If need be = I f necessary = Neu can: I f need be we can take another road - Diing v i dong tir to be, bo to sau i f de chi mot sir gia dinh chua dirge phan djnh ro rang la diing hay sai - I f that be right, then it would be no defence for this man to say he's innocent - Let I t be me: Gia sir la t o i , gia phai tay toi - Be that as it m a y = whether that is true or n o t = Cho dii la phai the ha> khong EG: Be that as it may, you have to accept it - Then so be it: C u phai vay thoi I f we have to pay S2,000, then so be it (thi cir phai tra thoi) * Cau gia djnh dung voi it + to be + time - It's time (for sb) to smt: da den liic phai lam gi (Thai gian \ i r a van khong mang tinh gia dinh) It's time for me to get to the airport: Da den iiic toi phai san bay - It's time (liigtitime/about time) (for sb) did smt da den liic ina (thtri gian da tre mang tinh gia dinh) It's time I got to the airport / It's hightime the city government did smt to stop the tratTic jam B B A I T A P O N L I I V E N Exercise 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences I suggest that he up his mind quickly or else he would lose his opportunity A makes B make His friends suggest that the A applies B apply C made D is to make for that j o b C applying D w i l l apply • 91