REPORTED SPEECH
A- Lý thuyết:
- Khi chuyển từ lời mói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp, cần chú ý các thay
đổi sau:
1. Thay đổi ở động từ của lời nói
2. Thay đổi ở đại từ (đại từ nhân xưmg, đại từ sở hữu)
3. Các thay đổi khác liên quan đến khái niệm gần xa trong không gian và
thời gian
I- Các thay đổi ở động từ:
1. Quy tắc chung: Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo
nguyên tắc lùi về quá khứ
Hiện tại (đơn, tiếp diễn)
Hiện tại hoàn thành
Qúa khứ đơn
Qúa khứ tiếp diễn
Qúa khứ hoàn thành
Will, can, may
Qúa khứ (đơn, tiếp diễn)
Qúa khứ hoàn thành
Qúa khứ hoàn thành
Qúa khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Qúa khứ hoàn thành
Would, could, might
2. Ngoại lệ: Động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp không đổi khi
- Động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì Hiện tại đơn / tiếp diễn / hoàn thành
hay Tương lai đơn
VD: He says “The dress is expensive”
He says that the dress is expensive
- Lời nói diễn tả chân lý hay sự kiện đúng hiển nhiên
VD: The earth moves around the sun
He said that the earth moves around the sun
- Lời nói diễn tả hành động thói quen vẫn còn tiếp tục vào lúc thuật lại hay
1 sở thích lâu dài
VD: I get up at 7am every morning
He said that he gets up at 7am every morning
- Đông từ trong câu trực tiếp có thời gian xác định
VD: He said “I was born in 1980”
He said that he was born in 1980
- Câu điều kiện loại 2,3
VD: He said “If I had enough money, I would buy a new car”
He said that if he had enough money, he would buy a new car
- Past subjunctive trong wish clause, as if, it is time…
VD: He said “I wish she loved me”
He said that he wished she loved him
- Các động từ sau không thay đổi khi chuyển sang gián tiếp: would, could,
should, might, ought to, used to, had better
II- Thay đổi ở đại từ:
I He / She
We They
You We / They / I
me him / her
us them
you us / them / me
……..
Các thay đổi đại từ tùy thuộc vào nghĩa từng câu cụ thể
III- Thay đổi ở tính từ và phó từ chỉ khái niệm gần xa trong không gian,
thời gian
Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp
Trực tiếp
This
That
Tomorrow
These
Those
Yesterday
Here
There
Next week
Now
Then
Next year
Today
That day
Last week
Ago
Before
Last year
Gián tiếp
The next day / the
following day
The day before /
the previous day
The following
week
The following year
The week before/
the previous week
The year before /
the previous year
IV- Các loại câu trong lời nói gián tiếp:
- Wh- question:
VD: What is your name? He asked me what my name was
- Yes/No question:
VD: Is she your sister?
He asked me if she was my sister
- Câu hỏi về sự lựa chọn: Dùng whether…or…
VD: Do you want to go by air or by sea?
He asked me whether I wanted to go by air or by sea
- Câu mệnh lệnh:
VD: Go away!
He told me to go away
- Ngoài ra còn có 1 số kiểu câu khác sẽ áp dụng trong phần bài tập
V- Về các động từ dẫn nhập:
- Say / said: Có thể không cần tân ngữ đi kèm, nhưng nếu có phải +to
VD: He said that…. / He said to me that…..
- Tell / told: nhất thiết phải có tân ngữ đi kèm. VD: He told me that…
- Ask: Thường dùng trong các câu hỏi hoặc câu đề nghị
- Ngoài ra còn sử dụng các động từ dẫn nhập khác tùy theo nghĩa của câu
nói trực tiếp
B- Bài tập: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu gián tiếp
1. He said to her “You are my friend”.
2. “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter.
3. The pupils said “Teacher, please give us better mark”.
4. I asked Bill “What time did you go to bed last night?”
5. “Be modest if you are a good pupil”, said my father
6. “Who put salt in my coffee?, he asked
7. “When we’ve finished this game we’ll have supper.” They said to me
8. “What a dirty face you have!” Ann said to her son.
9. My friend said “Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
10. Mary said “I can not go to the cinema with you, John”
11. He asked me “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”
12. “There has been an accident and the road is blocked”, said the policeman
13. The traveller asked “How long does it take to get to London?”
14. “Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her
friend
15. “Shall I bring you some tea?”, he said to me.
16. “Do sit down”, said the hostess.
17. “Let’s go to the zoo next weekend”, my father said
18. “I didn’t know them. Did you, Tom?”, said Henry
19. “I promise I’ll marry you”, said Ben to Ann
20. “I’m French but I’ve learned English at school”, he said
21. He said, “If I’d heard the whole story, I would have acted differently”
22. “I saw the boy here in this room today”, she said
23. John said to me “Happy Christmas”
24. “How dreadful!”, said Janet.
25. Tom: “Read my exercise, Tim, and tell me if it is correct”
26. He said, “I used to go to the cinema when I had leisure time”
27. He said, “Can you play the guitar?” and I said “No”.
28. “Don’t take more than two of these at once”, said the doctor, handing me
a bottle of pills.
29. “Have you got any shampoo, Alice. I must wash my hair” Jonny asked
30. “I wonder who is coming on the excursion tomorrow. I hope it won’t
rain” She said.
ĐÁP ÁN REPORTED SPEECH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
He said to her that she was his friend.
Mrs Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter.
The pupils asked the teacher to give them better mark.
I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before.
My father asked me to be modest if I was a good pupil.
He asked who had put salt in his coffee.
They said to me when they had finished that game they would have
supper
8. Ann exclaimed what a dirty face her son had.
9. My friend asked if I was going to leave the next day
10.Mary said to John that she couldn’t go to the cinema with him.
11.He asked me why I hadn’t come to class the day before.
12.The policeman said that there had been an accident and the road was
blocked.
13.The traveller asked how long it took to get to London.
14.Jane asked her friend to find out when he last wrote to her.
15.He offered to bring me some tea.
16.The hostess invited me to sit down.
17.My father suggested that we should go to the zoo next weekend.
18.Henry said that he hadn’t known them and asked if Tom had.
19.Ben promised that he would marry Ann.
20.He said that he was French but he had learned English at school.
21.He said that if he’d heard the whole story, he would have acted
differently
22.She said that she had seen the boy there in that room that day.
23.John wished me a happy Christmas.
24.Janet exclaimed how dreadful it was.
25.Tom asked Tim to read his exercise and told him if it was correct.
26.He said that he used to go to the cinema when he had leisure time.
27.He asked me if I could play the guitar and I said I couldn’t.
28.The doctor, handing me a bottle of pills, advised me not to take more
than two of those at once.
29.Jonny asked Alice if she had got some shampoo because he had to
wash his hair.
30.She wondered who was coming on the excursion the next day and
hoped it wouldn’t rain
Câu 8 & 24: Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu cảm thán:
What + a/an + adj + noun + subject + verb
Và How + adj + subject + verb
Chuyển sang câu gián tiếp: dung động từ dẫn nhập exclaim (kêu lên, cảm
than), sau đó giữ nguyên cấu trúc what & how ở trên, kết hợp lùi thì và đổi
các phó từ chỉ không, thời gian cho phù hợp
VD: Xem các câu 8 & 24
... ought to, used to, had better II- Thay đổi đại từ: I He / She We They You We / They / I me him / her us them you us / them / me …… Các thay đổi đại từ tùy thuộc vào nghĩa câu cụ thể III-... khác sẽ áp dụng phần tập V- Về động từ dẫn nhập: - Say / said: Có thể không cần tân ngữ kèm, có phải +to VD: He said that… / He said to me that… - Tell / told: nhất thi t phải có tân ngữ... III- Thay đổi tính từ phó từ khái niệm gần xa không gian, thời gian Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp This That Tomorrow These Those Yesterday Here There Next week Now Then Next year Today That day