BỒI DƯỠNG học SINH GIỎI LỊCH sử 12 TRƯƠNG NGỌC THƠI phần 1

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BỒI DƯỠNG học SINH GIỎI LỊCH sử 12   TRƯƠNG NGỌC THƠI phần 1

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iL Ta s/ up ro m/ g k. co eb oo .f ac ww w ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / Cty LOI NOI DAU EhlnJ: Cac ban d6n§ nghidp va cac cm hoc sinh Lh&n men! TNHH MTV Pmi Khang \^ft H U O I N Q D A N L A M B A I T H I H O C S I N H QIOI Hii^n Lrdn Lhi Lniong sach Lham khao mon Ljch sii c6 r^L nhing le do. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam doi da ma mpt buoc ngoat Ijch su vT dai cho each mang Vi^t Nam. Vi du, dethi theo cau true can 5: So sdnh chien thang Viet Bac thu - dong 1947 vd chien dich Bien giai thu - dong 195 dethd'y dugc buac tien cua ta khdng chien chongPhdp. Vai npi dung ciia cau hoi khong yeu cau hoc sinh trinh bay dien bien ciia chien djch Vi?t B3c thu - dong nam 1947 va chien djch Bien gioi thu - d6ng nam 1950, va tren co so npi dung ciia hai chien djch phai so sanh de thay dupe buoc tien ciia ta cupc khang chien ehong Phap. Cu the can l$p bang so sanh nhu sau: Tieu chi so sanh 1) Chii dpng tan cong djch o 2) Quan djch bj loai khoi vung chien Chien dich Vi?t Bac Chien djch Bien gioi Ta danh bai ciia tan c6ng - Ta chii dpng tien cong len Vi^t BSc ciia djch dich - 8.300 djch bien giai 6000 ten dich Vi?t - Trung^ 3) Q i a i p h o n g da't Giai Ta bao ve dugc V i f t Bac dai 4) Y nghia quan trpng - Bao nha't ciia t h i n g Igi cu dau dupe Vi§t Bac, can nao ciia khang chien - Lam phong bien k i n h te, c h i n h t r j , v a n hoa, quan sy. C i j n g n h o co d u o n g loi ma D a n g ta gioi Vi^t - T r u n g dai 750km lanh dao nhan dan ta chien dau lau dai, ben bi, Ian l u p t d a n h bai t u n g am m u u - K h a i t h o n g bien g i o i ciia d i c h de tie'n len d a n h bai hoan toan cuoc chien tranh xam lupc ciia thye Vi^t - T r u n g dan Phap co sy g i i i p sue ciia MT. Sy lanh dao cua D a n g , d u n g dau la Chii tich H o C h i M i n h v o i d u o n g 161 - Gianh the'chii d p n g ve pha san am muu lupc tren each m a n g d u n g dan da g i i i p cho toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta doan chien ke't m p t long, chien dau v i m y c tieu doe lap dan tpc va chii nghla xa h p i . Toan truong chinh. / "danh nhanh, thSng nhanh" chien Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta chien dau v o i t i n h than "Tha hi sinh tat ca c h u 01 ciia djch. nha't d j n h k h n g chju mat nuoc, nha't d j n h k h o n g chiu lam n6 \q". V o i t i n h g i o i t h u - d o n g n a m 1950 the hien buoc tien ciia quan dan ta t r o n g cuoc khang than ay, cupe chien dau d i i lau dai, d y a vao siic m i n h la c h i n h n h u n g ehiing ta chien chong Phap d o la, tix cho djch chii d o n g tan cong ta, den cho ta chii d p n g da gianh d u p e th^ng Ipi cuoi cung, bupc thye dan Phap phai e6ng nhan doc tan cong djch. T u cho l a m pha san am m u u " d a n h nhanh, thang nhanh ciia l^p chii quyen, t h o n g nha't va toan v^n lanh tho ciia ba nuoc D n g D u o n g . hi Da iH oc N h u vay, so v o i chien djch Viet Bac t h u - d o n g n a m 1947, chien d i c h Bien Vi du, dethi theo cau true cau 7: Phan tich chu triamg dieu chinh chien lirac each mang the giai ciia Quae teCong san tqi Dai hoi Ian thu VU (7 - 1935J. Nguyen nhan cm uO Vi du, dethi theo cm true cau 6: Tren ca aa trinh bay nguyen nhan thang lai nT d j c h " den cho ta da gianh the'chii d p n g tren chien t r u o n g chi'nh Bac Bp. dan tai chu truang do. ie cuoc khang chien chong thuc dan Phap xam luac, hay phan tich mot nguxjen nhan c6 Vai denay yeu cau hoc sinh phai trinh bay noi dung: iL tinh chat quyet dinh nha't. ro up N h d lanh dao sang suot ciia Dang, d u n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h , v o l s/ khang chien chong Phap: Ta Truvc het yen cau hoc sinh trinh bay ngan gon cdc ngiiyen nhan thang lai cua cuoc m/ g d u o n g 161 k h a n g chien d i i n g d^n, sang tao. Toan dan, toan quan doan ket, dGng cam t r o n g chien d a u , t r o n g lao d p n g san xua't. k. co N h o h$ t h o n g chinh quyen dan chii nhan dan t r o n g ca nuoc, c6 mat tran dan tpc t h o n g nha't d u p e c i i n g co va m o rong, c6 lye l u p n g v u trang s o m d u p e Mot la, Chu truang dieu chinh chick luoc cdch mtnig thegiai: Xae d i n h ke t h u n g u y hiem truoc mil ciia nhan dan the g i o i k h o n g phai la chii nghla de'quoc noi chung, ma la ehii nghTa phat xit. De n h i ^ m v u each m a n g the gioi la dau tranh chong ehii nghTa phat xit va nguy CO chien tranh the'gioi d o ehii nghla phat xit gay ra. C h i i t r u o n g lap mat tran nhan dan o cae nuoc, n h a m tap h p p rpng rai lye l u p n g dan ehii. Hai la, N g u y e n nhan dan toi ehii t r u o n g do: m p i mat. D o sy xua't hien ciia chii nghla phat xit va n g u y co chien tranh the'gioi. eb oo xay d u n g va k h o n g n g u n g Ion manh, co hau p h u o n g rong Idn, v u n g chSc ve De giai quye't nhi>ng hau qua ciia cuoc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te'1929 - 1933, k h i N h o CO s u d o n g t i n h , l i n g hp va g i i i p d o ciia T r u n g Quo'e, Lien Xo va eiia ehii nghla phat xit tam thoi thang the o m p t so nuoc. Phong trao chong ehii .f ac N h o tinh than doan ke't ciia nhan dan ba nude Dong D u o n g chong ke thu chung. ww w cae nuoc dan chii nhan dan khae, ciia nhan dan Phap va loai n g u o i tie'n bp. Sau yeu can hoc sinh phan tich mot nguyen nhan quyet dinh nhat: T r o n g cae n g u y e n nhan neu tren t h i nguyen nhan ve s y lanh dao ciia Dang, d u n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h la nguyen nhan quye't d j n h nha't. T r o n g cupe khang chien chong thye dan Phap tro lai xam lupc nuoc ta, D a n g ta va C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h da de d u o n g loi k h a n g chien toan dan, toan d i ^ n , lau dai va t u lye canh sinh. D u o n g loi d o d u p e ap d u n g t r o n g suot tie'n tranh each m a n g t u nam 1946 den nam 1954. N h o co d u o n g l o i do. D a n g ta da doan ke't d u p e m p t lye l u p n g each mang ciia d o n g dao quan c h i i n g de thye hi^n cupe khang chien toan dan va da tie'n hanh khang chien tren cae mat tran nghla phat xit phat trien nhieu n o i tren the'gioi. PhAn 2: L j C H SO VIET N A M H I E N D A I Ve giao t h o n g van tai: Phap tang c u o n g dau t u m o t h e m n h i e u t u y e n d u o n g n h a m phuc v u dac luc cho v i f c chuyen cho nguyen vat li#u cung n h u l u u C/iuy^n de I: VIET NAM TU NAM 1919 DEN NAM 1930 thong hang hoa t r o n g n p i dja va v o i nuoc ngoai. ^ I . CONG CUOC K H A I T H A C THUOC D I A L A N T H l / H A I CUA T H l / C D A N PHAP * Diem mm chucmg trinh khai thac thuoc dia Idn thii hai: 1. Th\rc d a n Phap t i e n h a n h k h a i thac V i ? t N a m sau C h i e n t r a n h the Tap t r u n g v o n nhieu nhat vao nong n g h i f p (chii yeu la d o n d i e n cao su) va gioi t h u nhat khai thac m o (chu yeu la m o than). / • Qua trinh khai thac Idn thu hai: ' 'ill 01 Phap dau t u v o n vao cong nghiep nhe va t h u o n g nghiep. Sau Chien tranh the g i o i t h u nhat (1914 - 1918), de quoc Phap t u y la nude Lap ngan hang D o n g D u o n g de nam quyen chi h u y k i n h te. trpng. T h e m vao do, cuoc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te the g i o i t u ban chu nghla Dat cac t h u t h u e ' m o i n h u : t h u e ' r u p u , t h u e ' m u o i , thue thuoc p h i e n . . . cang gay k h o khan cho nen k i n h tePhap. T u y vay, k i n h te V i f t N a m ve co ban van k h o n g c6 g i thay d o i , Phap he't sue hi Da iH oc t h i n g tran, n h u n g lai bj chien tranh tan pha nang ne, k i n h te sa sut n g h i e m han c h e p h a t trien cong nghiep, nhat la cong nghi?p nang, n h a m cpt chat k i n h tranh gay ra, k h o i phuc va c i i n g co dja v j t r o n g t h e g i o d t u ban chii nghla de te D o n g D u o n g 1$ thupc vao k i n h te Phap va bien D o n g D u o n g thj quoc Phap m o t mat tang c u o n g boc lot nhan dan t r o n g nuoc, mat khac day t r u o n g dpc chie'm ciia Phap. m a n h khai thac boc lot thuoc dia. Cuoc khai thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai ma t h y c 2. Tac d p n g ciia cupc k h a i thac t h u p c d i a I a n t h u h a i ciia t h y c d a n P h a p dan Phap tien hanh D o n g D u o n g la nam y d o do. d o i v o i n e n k i n h te va xa h p i V i ? t N a m Ta iL ie uO nT N h a m han gan vet t h u o n g chien tranh, b i j dap n h u n g thiet hai d o chien V o i so v o n do, Phap tap t r u n g khai thac cac ITnh v u c sau: m/ g V i ^ t N a m tang gap Ian so v o i 20 nam truac chien tranh (1898 - 1918). ro trudc chien t r a n h . C h i t r o n g v o n g n a m (1924 - 1929) tong so v o n d a u t u vao k. co Ve n o n g nghiep: thuc dan Phap day manh vi?c c u o p da't, lap d o n dien, chu yeu la d o n d i e n cao su. T i n h den nam 1930, di$n tich d o n dien d o chu n g u o i eb oo Phap n a m gii> t o i 1,2 trieu hec ta da't dai, bang 1/4 tong d i f n tich da't canh tac V i ^ t N a m . N h i e u C o n g t i Ian phuc v u cho vi^c khai thac c u n g Ian l u p t d a i : .f ac C o n g t i Da't do, Cong t i M i so Lanh, Cong t i cay n h i ^ t d o i . . . Ve cong nghiep: thuc dan Phap day manh khai thac m o (chii yeu la m o ww w than). N h i e u C o n g t i than m a i d o i : Cong t i than H a L o n g , D o n g D a n g , Cong ti than D o n g Trieu . N g o a i ra, t u ban Phap m o them m p t so ca so cong nghiep k h o n g c6 kha nang canh tranh v o i cong nghiep Phap, chu yeu la cong nghiep che'bien. Ve t h u o n g nghiep: de n a m chat h o n thj t r u o n g V i ^ t N a m va D o n g D u o n g , Phap ban hanh dao luat d o n g t h u e n a n g hang ngoai nhap nhat la hang T r u n g Quoc va N h a t Ban. up dau t u v o n vao V i ^ t N a m v o i q u y m o va toe d p nhanh gap n h i e u Ian so v o i s/ De tien h a n h k h a i thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai V i ^ t N a m , Phap tang c u o n g * Vekinh te Qua t r i n h khai thac thupc dja ciia Phap o Viet N a m l a m cho nen k i n h te'Vi^t N a m C O s u chuyen bien theo h u o n g t u ban. C h i n h s u t h a m nhap ciia p h u a n g thuc san xuat t u ban chu nghla dan toi su tan dan cua nen k i n h t e ' t y nhien, t y cap, t y tiic nong thon. Nen kinh te'hang hoa, d o d o co dieu k i ^ n de phat trien. T u y nhien, d o m u c d i c h ciia thuc dan Phap bien Viet N a m thj t r u o n g cung u n g n g u y e n vat l i ^ u va tieu t h u hang hoa, nen tac d y n g ciia p h u a n g thuc san xuat t u ban chii nghla d u nhap vao cung chi han che. M a t khac, Phap van tie'p tuc d u y t r i quan h# san xuat p h o n g kien V i ^ t N a m , tie'p tyc s u d y n g giai cap dja chii p h o n g kien. V i vay, V i ^ t N a m k h o n g la nuoc dpc lap va k h o n g the co nen k i n h te'dan tpc phat trien b i n h t h u o n g len t u ban chii nghla, ma t r o m p t nuoc thupc dja n i i a p h o n g kien. H a y n o i t o m lai, nen k i n h te Viet N a m Iiic bay g i o la nen k i n h te dan xen ton tai p h u o n g thuc san xuat t u ban chii nghla va p h u o n g thuc san xuat p h o n g kien. Va suy cho cung, d o la nen k i n h te n o n g nghiep lac hau, que quat 1? thupc vao nen k i n h te'Phap. * Vexa hgi D u d i tac d p n g ciia cupc k h a i thac thupc dja Ian t h u hai ciia t h y c dan Phap l a m cho xa h p i V i ^ t N a m bj phan hoa sau sSc. Ben cgnh n h u n g giai cap cu van con, g i o day da xuat hi§n cac giai cap m o i . a. D o i v o i giai cap cu: Bi ap buc boe lot nang ne nhat, nen eo t i n h than each m a n g cao nhat. Giai cap liia chit phon^ kick: tiep tuc bj phan hoa va chia hai bo phan, m o i Co quan he t u nhien gSn bo v o i giai cap n o n g dan. bo phan c6 thai d o chinh t r i l 12 - The. Trucme Ngpc Thai doan each m a n g xa h p i chii nghia, tao co so de nhan d a n ta giai phong m i e n N a m , t h o n g nhat To quoc. sv nao va k h o n g de cho n u a c khac d u n g l a n h t h o ciia m i n h vao vi#c gay chien t r a n h hoac phuc v u m u c d i c h xam luQ-c. T h a n g Ipi ciia cupc khang chien da giang d o n nang ne vao t h a m vong xam Vi?t N a m tie'n t o i t h o n g nhat bSng cupc tong t u y e n c u t u d o t r o n g ca niroc, lupc, am m u u no djch ciia chii nghia de'quoc sau Chien tranh the g i o i t h i i hai, se du(?c to chuc vao thang -1956 d u o i sy k i e m soat va g i a m sat va k i e m soat gop p h a n l a m tan he thong thupc dia ciia ehiing, co v u m a n h me tinh than ciia m p t U y ban quoc te (trong d o A n D p l a m chii tjch, c u n g hai n u o c Ba Lan giai p h o n g d a n toe tren the g i o i , truoc het la cac n u a c chau A , chau Phi, MT 01 - Nguyen nhan thSng hi: Trach n h i ^ m t h i hanh H i e p d j n h thupc ve n h i j n g n g u o i k i hi?p d i n h / Latinh. va Canada). N h o lanh dao sang suot ciia Dang, d u n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h , v o i oc G i o n e v o va n h i r n g n g u o i ke tuc ho. d u o n g loi k h a n g chien d i i n g d i n , sang tao. Toan dan, toan quan doan ket, iH - Y n^/iffl Ixch su: d i i n g cam t r o n g chien da'u, t r o n g lao d p n g san xua't. Da H i ^ p d j n h G i o n e v o 1954 ve D o n g D u o n g la v a n ban p h a p l i quoc te ghi N h o h | t h o n g c h i n h quyen dan chii nhan dan t r o n g ca nuoc, co mat tran hi n h a n cac q u y e n d a n toe ca ban ciia nhan dan cac nuoc D o n g D u o n g va dupe dan tpc t h o n g nhat d u p e c i i n g co va m o rpng, co lue l u p n g v i i trang som d u p e nT cac c u a n g quoc c u n g cac nuoc t h a m d y H p i n g h i cam ket t o n t r p n g . xay d u n g va k h o n g n g i m g Ion manh, co hau p h u a n g rpng lan, v i r n g chae ve uO N o d a n h da'u thang I p i cupc khang chien chong Phap, song chua t r p n ven v i mpi mat. ie m a i giai p h o n g d u p e m i e n Bac. Cupc da'u tranh each m a n g v a n p h a i tiep tuc N h o tinh than doan ket ciia nhan dan ba nuoc D o n g D u o n g chong ke thu ehung. iL n h a m giai p h o n g m i e n N a m , t h o n g nhat dat nuoc. Ta N h o CO s u d o n g t i n h , l i n g hp va g i i i p d o ciia T r u n g Quoc, L i e n X6 va eiia V o i H i ^ p d j n h Gionevo, Phap bupc phai chain d i i t chien t r a n h x a m lupc, s/ cac nude dan chii nhan dan khac, ciia nhan dan Phap va loai n g u o i tie'n bp. up n i t het q u a n d p i ve nuoc; de'quoc MT that bai t r o n g am m u u keo d a i , m o rpng, Gionevo T r o n g cac n g u y e n nhan neu tren t h i n g u y e n nhan ve su lanh dao ciia Dang, d i i n g dau la C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h la n g u y e n nhan quyet d j n h nhat. H i f p d j n h So bp (6 - - 1946), C h i n h p h i i Phap cong n h ^ n n u o c ta la m o t T r o n g cupc k h a n g chien chong thuc dan Phap t r o lai x a m lupc nuoc ta. quoc gia t u do, nam t r o n g l i ^ n hiep Phap va t r o n g lien bang D o n g D u o n g . Con D a n g ta va C h i i tjch H o C h i M i n h da de d u o n g 16! khang chien toan dan, t r o n g H i ? p d j n h G i o n e v o (21 - - 1954 ), Phap va cac nuoc t h a m d u h p i nghi toan dien, lau dai va t u lue canh sinh. D u o n g l o i d o d u p e ap d u n g t r o n g suot k. co m/ g c. Biem khac giiia Hiep Ainh So bo voi Hiep dinh ro quoc te'hoa chien t r a n h xam lupc D o n g D u o n g . - Nguyen nhan qm/ei dinh nhat: tie'n t r i n h each m a n g t u n a m 1946 den nam 1954. N h o co d u o n g loi do. Dang ta Dong Duong. da doan ket d u p e m p t luc l u p n g each mang ciia d o n g dao quan ehiing de thuc eb oo cam ket t o n t r p n g dpc lap chii quyen, t h o n g nhat va toan v?n lanh tho ba nuoc .f ac T r o n g liic k i H i ? p d j n h So bp d o ta yeu h o n d i c h nen ta p h a i chap nhan dieu khoan d o . D a y la sach lupc m e m deo de phan hoa ke t h u . C o n t r o n g k h i ww w k i H i ? p d j n h G i o n e v o ta da gianh dupe thang Ipi quyet d j n h D i ? n Bien Phii, quyet d j n h s u that bai ciia thuc dan Phap D o n g D u o n g . So v o i H i ? p d j n h So bp, H i e p d j n h Gionevo la m o t buoc tie'n v u p t bac t r o n g da'u tranh ngoai giao ciia ta. 5. Y n g h i a l i c h s u va n g u y e n n h a n t h i n g I g i ciia cupc k h a n g c h i e n c h o n g Phap (1945 - ) - Y ttghia: hi?n cupc k h a n g chien toan dan va da tie'n hanh khang chien tren cac mat tran k i n h te, c h i n h t r i , v a n hoa, quan su. C u n g n h o eo d u o n g loi d o ma D a n g ta lanh dao nhan dan ta chien da'u lau dai, ben b i , lan l u p t d a n h bai tirng am m u u ciia djch de tie'n len d a n h bai hoan toan cupc chien tranh xam lupc ciia thuc dan Phap co s u g i i i p siic ciia M i . Su lanh dao ciia D a n g , d i i n g dau la Chii tjch H o C h i M i n h v o i d u o n g 161 each m a n g d i i n g dan da g i i i p cho toan Dang, toan q u a n va toan dan ta doan ket m p t long, chien da'u v i muc tieu dpc lap dan tpc va chii nghia xa h p i . Toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta chien da'u v o i tinh than "Tha h i sinh tat ca c h i i nhat d j n h k h o n g chju mat nuoc, nhat d j n h khong chju l a m no ie". V o i t i n h ThSng I p i ciia cupc k h a n g chien chong Phap da cha'm d i i t cupc chien tranh than a'y, cupc chien da'u d i i lau dai, dua vao siic m i n h la c h i n h n h u n g ehiing ta x a m lupc, d o n g t h a i cha'm d i i t ach t h o n g trj ciia t h y c dan Phap t r o n g gan m p t da gianh d u p e thang I p i cuoi cung, bupc thuc dan Phap phai cong nhan dpc the k i tren dat n u o c ta; m i e n Bac nuoc ta d u p e giai p h o n g , c h u y e n sang giai Jap chii q u y e n , t h o n g nhat va toan v?n lanh tho ciia ba nuoc D o n g D u o n g . irhSCr 12 - Ths. Trtrang Ngpc men Cdu 9. T u sau riit khoi thi den truoc chien dich Viet Bac thu - dong O N T(=IP nam 1947, ta da lam gi dechuan bi cho cuoc khang chien lau dai? Cau 1. Tinh hinh nude ta sau Cach mang thang Tarn c6 nhung thuan M va Cdu 10. So sanh chien thang Viet Bac thu - dong 1947 va chien djch Bien gidi kho khan gi? Neu kho khan Ion nha't dua nuoc ta dung truoc tinh the nhu thu - dong 1950, theo cac tieu chi sau: "ngan can treo sgi toe". Tieu chi so sanh Cdu 2. Vai tro cua quan chiing nhan dan dupe the h i f n nhu the nao 1) vi?c giai quyet nhung kho khan ve do'i npi sau Cach mang thang Tarn. Chii dong 3) Qiai phong da't dai Da nhu the nao doi voi Phap hai thoi k i : truoc - - 1946 va t u hi - -1946? dau tranh bao v^ nT 4) Y nghla quan chinh quyen thoi ki t u thang -1945 den thang 12 nam 1946? uO nhat ciia thang loi Cdu 6. CUQC khang chien toan quoc chong thuc dan Phap biing no ie Cdu 11. Tai noi sau chien thing Bien gidi thu - dong nam 1950 cupc iL 19 - 12 - 1946 hoan canh nhu the nao? Phan tich npi dung co ban ciia khang chien ciia ta budc sang giai doan phat trien. Ta duong 161 khang chien chong Phap ciia Dang ta. Cdu 12. T u sau chien thang Bien gidi thu - ddng nam 1950 den truoc dong - m/ g ro qua trinh khang chien. Cdu 8. Lap bang thong ke ve duong 161 khang chien chong Phap cua Dang ta up Duong 161 khang chien toan dan va toan di^n duoc the hien nhu the nao s/ Cdu 7. Phan tich duong 161 khang chien chong thyc dan Phap ciia Dang ta. Npi dung 1) Nghj quyet Hpi nghj Ban eb oo Thuong vy Trung uong Dang Chi Minh dem 19 - -1946 3) Thu cua Ho Chi Minh 21 - -1946 4) Tac pham Khang chien nhat djnh thing ww w khang chien ciia Chii tjch Ho .f ac 18 va 19 - 12 - 1946) 2) Loi keu gQi toan quoc k. co theo yeu cau duoi day: Cac van ki?n / khoi vung chien Cdu 4. Dang va Chinh phii each mang da thuc hi|n chii truong, sach lug-c Chien dich bien gioi tan 2) Quan djch bi loai ta sau Cach m^ng thang Tarn nam 1945. CUQC Chien dich Vi^t Bic c6ng dich Cdu 3. Phan tich tinh diing dSn va sang tao ve duong loi doi ngoai cua Dang Cdu 5. Y nghia thang Igi va bai hpc kinh nghi?m cua |i,, 01 Hbi oc cAu iH 3SidLf&n0HSO xuan 1953 - 1954, hau phuong khang chien da phat trien nhu the nao tren cac m^t chinh tri, kinh te^ van hoa, giao due, y te? Cdu 13. Chung minh the chii dpng danh dich tren chien truong rhinh Bac Bp cua quan ta van dupe giir vung sau chien thang Bien gidi thu - dong nam 1950 den trudc dong - xuan 1953 - 1954. Cdu 14. Lap nien bieu nhung thang Ipi tieu bieu aia nhan ta tren cac mat tran quan su, chinh tri - ngoai giao, kinh te - tai chinh khang chien chong thye dan Phap tir sau thu - dong n3m 1950 den trudc ddng - xuan 1953 - 1954 theo bang thdng ke. Thai gian Tu cu61 nam Quan syt 1950 den giua nam 1951. Igi ciia Truong Chinh vao 3-1947 Tu giiia thang 11 - Npi dung va phuong cham 1951 den cuol thang cua cupc khang chien -1952. Chinh tri - K i n h te - tai ngoai giao chinh T u 10-12 I. C A C H M A N G M I E N B A G T l / N A M 1954 D E N N A M -1952. 18 g i n vet t h u o n g c h i e n t r a n h - - * Hoan cai each ruong 1953. dat Can c u vao hoan canh thuc te'mien Bac va nham dap u n g yeu cau ve q u y e n 1951 den Igi k i n h te, c h i n h t r i ciia n o n g dan, cung co khoi lien m i n h cong nong, m o rgng / nam 01 Tit 1975 1. T h a i k i - : H o a n t h a n h cai each r u p n g dat, k h o i phue k i n h te, h a n T u - - 1953 den VIET NAM T U 1954 D^N NAM 1975 CAuyen de 4: 14 - 10 - 1952 den n a m 1953. oc mat tran dan tgc t h o n g nha't. D a n g va C h i n h p h u quyet d j n h "Day m a n h phat iH d g n g quan c h i i n g thuc hien cai each r u g n g dat". Thuc hi^n chu t r u o n g cua T r u n g uong, hai nam (1954 - 1956), mien Bac Da Cau 15. T i n h bay dien bie'n cupc tien cong chien \\xqic D o n g - Xuan 1953 - tien hanh cai each rugng dat 3314 xa thugc 22 tinh dong b5ng va trung d u . hi 1954 ciia q u a n dan ta. Q u a d g t cai each r u g n g dat, da tjch thu t r u n g inua khoang 81 van hecta nT Cdu 16. Chien d j c h lich sir D i e n Bien Phii d u g c chuan bj va gianh thang Igi r u g n g dat, 10 v a n n g h i n trau bo, 1,8 trieu nong cu t u tay giai cap dja ehii d e m uO n h u the'nao? Y nghla cua chien thang Dien Bien P h i i . cho tren trieu hg n o n g dan lao d g n g . ie Cau 17. H a y c h u n g m i n h : D i f n Bien Phii la thang Igi quan sy Ion nha't cua ta Ke't qua: Giai cap dja ehii can ban bj xoa bo. N o n g dan da lam chu nong thon, iL khang chien chong Phap va la thang Igi quyet d i n h bugc thuc dan Phap nguyen vgng lau d o i ciia nong dan la "ngifffi cay co riion;^" da dugc thuc hien. s/ Ta phai cha'm d u t chien tranh xam luge D o n g D u o n g . ro H i e p d j n h G i o n e v o (21 -7 -1954 ) de thay buoc tien ciia ta t r o n g da'u tranh up Cau 18. N e u d i e m khac co ban gii>a H i e p d j n h So bg (6 - - 1946) v o i m/ g ngoai giao? chien chong Phap ciia nhan dan ta tir nam 1946 den nam 1954. k. co Cau 19. Phan tich boi canh Ijch su cac giai doan phat trien cua cugc khang eb oo Cdu 20. Cugc da'u tranh tren ITnh vuc ngoai giao d u g c the h i ^ n n h u the'nao t r o n g cugc khang chien chong Phap t u nam 1946 den n a m 1954? .f ac Cdu 21. N e u n h i r n g th^ng i g i ve quan su ciia quan dan ta t r o n g cugc khang chien chong Phap (1946 - 1954). Phan tich mot th^ng Igi quyet d j n h nha't. ww w Cdu 22. V a n de r u g n g dat cho dan cay d u g c D a n g ta de va thuc h i ^ n n h u the'nao t r o n g cugc khang chien chong Phap (1946 - 1954)? Tac d u n g cua vi^c thuc hi^n van de r u g n g dat dan cay d o i v o i cugc khang chien. Sai l a m : Da'u to ea nhOng n g u o i co cong v o i each m a n g , q u y n h a m m o t so' nong dan, can bg, d a n g vien dja c h i i . * Khoi phuc kinh te, han gan vet thuong chien j• tranh Cong cugc k h o i phuc k i n h te d u g c toan dan tich cue h u o n g l i n g va trien khai t r o n g ta't ca cac nganh. T r o n g n o n g nghiep, nong dan hang hai khai khan r u g n g dat bo hoang, bao d a m cay cay he't r u g n g dat vang chu, tang t h e m dan trau bo, sam them cong cu. H e thong de dieu da d u g c tu bo. N h i e u cong t r i n h t h u y n o n g m o i d u g c xay d y n g , CO tac d y n g m o rgng dien tich t u o i va tieu nuoc. i , T r o n g cong nghiep, giai cap cong n h a n da nhanh chong k h o i phuc va m o hau he't cac co so cong nghiep. D e n c u o i n a m 1957, mien B^c co ta't ca 97 nha may, x i nghiep Ion nho N h a nuoc quan l i . Cac nganh thu cong nghiep m i e n Bac cung dugc k h o i phuc nhanh chong. Den n a m 1957, nganh t h i i cong nghiep da cung cap gan 59% so hang hoa cong nghiep t r o n g ca nuoc, giai quyet phan nao vi^c l a m cho n g u o i lao d g n g . T r o n g t h u o n g nghiep, he t h o n g m a u djch quoc d o a n h va h g p tac xa mua ban d u g c m o rgng, da cung cap cang nhieu mat hang cho nhan dan; giao l u u hang hoa giira cac dia p h u o n g cang phat trien; hoat d g n g ngoai t h u o n g dan dan tap t r u n g vao tay N h a nuoc. Den cuoi nam 1957, mien Bac dat quan he b u o n ban v o i 27 nuoc. Giao t h o n g van tai duoc chii trong, k h o i phuc gan 700km d u o n g sat, sua 3. T h o i k i 1961 - 1965: Xay dung buoc dau co so vat chat, k l thuat ciia chu chua va l a m m o i hang n g h i n kilomet d u a n g to, xay d u n g va m a r p n g them nghia xa hpi m p t so cang n h u H a i Phong, C a m Pha, Ben T h u y ; d u o n g hang k h o n g dan * D a i hpi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thu I I I ciia D a n g (thang - 1960) d y n g quoc teduQC k h a i thong. Van • - Hoan earth: Gi&a liic each m a n g hai m i e n N a m - Bac co n h i r n g b u o c tien hoa giao due d u g c day m a n h . N e n giao due d u g c phat t r i e n theo quan t r g n g . D a n g Lao d g n g Vi#t N a m to chiic D a i h g i dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h u I I I . D a i hgi h g p t u den 10 - -1960 H a N o i . h u o n g xa h o i c h i i nghla. He t h o n g giao due t h o n g theo c h u o n g t r i n h 10 - Noi dung Dai hpi / n a m da d u g c k h a n g d i n h , giao due dai hoc dugc ehii y phat t r i e n . Dai hgi de n h i e m v u chien luge ciia each m a n g ca nuoe va n h i e m v y ciia d y n g . N e p song lanh m a n h , g i i i g i n v ^ sinh dugc van d g n g thue hien khap each m a n g t u n g m i e n ; chi ro v j t r i , vai tro ciia each m a n g t u n g m i e n , m o i quan oc 01 H e t h o n g y te eham soc sue koe cho nhan dan d u g c N h a nuoe q u a n t a m xay mgi noi. iH h? givea each m a n g hai m i e n . Cach m a n g xa hgi chii nghla m i e n Bac co v a i tro quye't d j n h nhat d o i v a i s u phat trien ciia each m a n g ca nuoe. Cach m a n g dan kha nang phong t h u dat nuac, m o rgng quan he ngoai giao. M a t tran To quoc tgc dan chii nhan dan m i e n N a m co vai tro quye't d i n h true tiep d o i v o i s u lap thang -1955 da tang cuong khoi dai doan ket dan tgc xay d u n g dat nuoe. nghiep giai p h o n g m i e n N a m . nT hi Da T r o n g giai doan nay, c h i n h q u y e n va quan d g i d u g c eiing co, tang cuong 2. T h a i k i 1958 - 1960: C a i tao quan h f san xuat, b u o c dau phat trien k i n h te - uO Cach m a n g hai m i e n co quan h ^ mat thie't, gan bo va tac d g n g Ian van hoa ie n h a m hoan t h a n h cugc each m a n g dan tgc dan chii nhan d a n t r o n g ca nuoe, T r o n g n a m tiep theo (1958 - 1960), m i e n Bae lay cai tao xa h g i chii nghla iL thue h i ^ n hoa b i n h t h o n g nhat dat nuoe. Ta l a m t r g n g t a m : cai tao d o i v a i eong nhiep, t h i i eong nghiep, t h u a n g nghiep ro Thue hien chii t r u o n g tren, k h a p n o i soi noi p h o n g trao t h i d u a xay d u n g up n o n g nghiep. s/ nho, eong t h u o n g nghiep t u ban t u doanh, t r o n g d o k h a u c h i n h la h g p tac hoa m/ g h g p tac xa. Cugc van d g n g h g p tac xa nong nghiep d u g c tien hanh theo k. co n g u y e n tac t u n g u y e n , eung co Igi va quan l i dan chii; t u n g b u o c d u a n g u o i n o n g dan vao l a m an tap the d i tir to d o i eong len h g p tac xa bac thap, den bac eb oo cao, t u quy m o nho den q u y m o Ion. Do'i v o l t u san d a n toe, cai tao hang p h u a n g phap hoa b i n h , s u d u n g mat D a i hgi t h o n g qua Bao cao c h i n h t r i , bao cao sua chira d o i D i e u 1^ D a n g va t h o n g qua ke'hoaeh N h a nuoe n a m t h i i nhat (1961 -1965) n h a m xay d u n g buoc dau CO so vat chat - k l thuat eiia chii nghla xa h g i , thue h i ^ n m g t buoc eong nghiep hoa xa h g i chii nghla. am * n D a i hgi bau Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g m o i eiia D a n g . H o C h i M i n h dugc bau l a m C h i i tjch Dang, Le D a n giu chiic Bi t h u t h i i nhat ciia D a n g . - Y nghla: D a i hgi dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h i i I I I eiia D a n g " n g u o n anh sang m o i , luc l u g n g m o i cho toan D a n g va toan dan ta xay d u n g thang Igi chii nghla xa hgi a m i e n Bac va da'u tranh thue hien hoa b i n h tho'ng nhat nuoe nha". * M i e n O i c thue h i ? n ke hoach Nha nuoe nam (1961 -1965) hgp doanh. N h i ^ m v u co ban ciia ke'hoaeh n a m la sue phat trien eong nghiep va .f ac tieh eye eiia t u san dan toe, d u a hg vao l a m an tap the d u o i h i n h thue eong t u ww w D o i v o i l u c l u g n g tieu t h u o n g , tieu chii, t h g t h i i eong, d u a vao eon d u o n g lam an tap the t r o n g cac h g p tac xa t h i i eong nghiep, h g p tac xa m u a ban. Ket qua cai tao la da xoa bo co ban che'dg n g u o i boc lot n g u o i , co tac d u n g thiie day san xuat phat trien, nhat la dieu kien ehie'n tranh, h g p tac xa da bao d a m d o i song vat chat, t i n h than cho nhtrng n g u o i d i chien da'u, phyc v u chien d a u . D o n g t h o i v a i n h i e m v u cai tao xa hgi chii nghTa, eong nghiep quoc doanh d u g c u u tien dau t u xay d u n g . D e n n a m 1960, m i e n Bac co 172 xf nghiep Ian d o t r u n g u o n g q u a n l i , tren 500 x i nghiep d o dja p h u o n g q u a n l i . n o n g nghiep, tiep tuc eong cugc cai tao xa hgi chu nghla, c i i n g co va tang c u o n g p h a n k i n h te'quoc doanh, cai thien mot buoc d o i song vat chat va van hoa ciia nhan d a n lao d g n g , eiing c o q u o c p h o n g , tang c u o n g trat t u va an n i n h xa h g i . T r o n g k i n h te^ nganh eong nghiep d u g c u u tien dau t u xay d u n g . T r o n g n o n g nghiep, sau k h i dua dai bg phan n o n g dan vao cac h g p tac xa n o n g nghiep, t u n a m 1961, cac dja p h u a n g thue hien chii t r u o n g xay d u n g h g p tac xa san xuat n o n g nghiep bac cao. '' ' T h u o n g nghiep quoc doanh d u g c N h a nuoe u u tien phat trien nen da chiehi * iTnh t h i t r u o n g , gop p h a n phat trien k i n h te. C l i n g co quan h? san xuat m o i , on d j n h va cai t h i ^ n d o i song nhan dan. 134 135 thong giao thong ctuang bq>, duong sat, duong lien tinh, lien huy?n, SO kinh te^ cong trinh van hoa, giao due, y te ma nhan dan ta da tao nen hon 10 nam truoc. co CO duong song, duong hang khong dug-c cung co. Vi^c di lai nuoc va giao thong quoc tethuan Igi hon. * M i e n BSc vvra san xuat, vira chien dau chong chien tranh pha hoai thong giao due tu thong den dai hoc phat trien manh. Mien Bac chuyen mgi hoat dgng sang thoi chien, thuc hien quan sii hoa thong y te, cham lo sue khoe dugc dau tu phat trien. Nhiing loai dich toan dan. Mien Bic vua san sang chong lai hanh dgng danh pha ciia MT vua b^nh a mien Bac co ban dugc xoa bo. lao dgng san xuat. Quan doi nhan dan Viet Nam dugc xay dung tung buoc quan dgi i / Trong chien dau, mien Bac da ban roi va pha huy 243 may bay MT; ban chinh quy va buoc dau dugc trang bj hien dai, du sue bao ve vung chic mien 01 chay va chim 143 tau chien MT. Ngay - 11 - 1968, MT tuyen bo ngung h l n Bac va dap ung nhu cau cang tang cua each mang mien Nam. oc chien tranh pha hoai mien Bac. Nhi>ng tuu dat dugc viec thuc hien ke hoach nam (1961 - iH Trong san xuat, mien Bic lap dugc nhi>ng tich quan trgng: Trong 1965) va noi chung 10 nam (1954 - 1964) da thay doi bg mat xa hgi mien Da nong nghifp, dien tich canh tac mo rgng, nang sua't lao dgng khong ngung Bic. Tai Hoi n;^hi Chinh tri dqc biet thcin^ - 3964, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh noi: hi tang len. Trong cong nghi^p, nang luc san xuat mot so nganh dugc giO vOng. "Trong 10 nam qua, mien BMc nuoc ta da tien hanh buoc dai chua tung thay nT cac CO so cong nghiep Ion kjp thoi so tan. Cong nghiep dja phuong va cong Ijch su dan tgc. Dat nuoc, xa hgi va nguoi deu doi moi". uO nghiep quoc phong deu phat trien. 4. Thai ki 1965 - 1968: Mien BIC vira san xuat vira chien dau chong chien ie * Mien Bac thuc h i ^ n nghia vu hau phuong Ion tranh pha hoai Ian thu nhat cua M i iL La hau phuong Ion cua khang chien chong mT cuu nuoc, mien Bic luon * M l tien hanh chien tranh khong quan va hai quan pha hoai mien Bac Ta huong ve mien Nam. Vi mien Nam rugt thjt, mien Bic phah dau "Moi n^u&i Cuoi nam 1964 dau nam 1965, dong thoi voi day manh chien tranh xam s/ ro mien BSc. Ngay - - 1964 sau dung len "sic kicn Vinh BSc Bo", MT cho may lam vice bang hai". Vi tien tuyen keu ggi, hau phuong san sang danh dap lai up luge mien Nam. MT mo rgng chien tranh khong quan va hai quan pha hoai "Thoc khong thieu mot can, quan khong thieu mot ngitvi" Tuyen duong van chuyen chien luge Bic - Nam mang ten Ho Chi Minh tren bp (dgc day nui Truong Son) va tren bien (dgc theo bo bien) b i t dau khai thong h> Binh), Vinh - Ben Thuy (Nghf An), Lach Truong (Thanh Hoa), thj xa Hon Gai thang -1959, dai hang nghin cay so, da noi lien hau phuong voi tien tuyen. k. co m/ g bay nem bom bSn pha mot so noi mien Bac, nhu cua song Gianh (Quang (Quang Ninh). mien Bac da dua hon 300.000 can bg, bg dgi vao mien Nam tham gia chien doanh trai quan M i Playku, MT cho may bay nem bom b i n pha thj xa Dong dau, phuc vu chien dau, xay dung kinh te^ van hoa tai cac vung giai phong, va Hoi, dao Con Co (Quang Binh) ., chinh thi>c gay cugc chien tranh bSng cijng da gui vao Nam hang chuc van tan vu khi, dan dugc, quan trang, quan eb oo - 1965, lay co "tra dua" viec quan giai phong mien Nam tien cong .f ac Ngay 7-2 Qua hai tuyen duong van chuyen chien luge do, nam (1965 - 1968) khong quan va hai quan pha hoai mien Bac (Ian thu nhat). ww w Tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai, M I am muu pha tiem luc kinh te, quoc dyng, xang dau, luong thuc, thuc pham, thuoc men va nhieu vat dung khac. Tinh chung site nguoi, sue cua t u mien Bac chuyen vao Nam nam da phong, pha cong cugc xay dung chu nghai xa hgi mien Bac; ngan chan nguon tSng gap 10 Ian so voi thoi ki truoc. chi vi^n tu ben ngoai vao mien BSc va tu mien Bac vao mien Nam; uy hiep tinh 5. Thoi k i 1969 - 1973: Mien Bic khoi phuc va phat trien k i n h te - xa hpi, than, lam lung lay y chi chong M I cua nhan dan ta hai mien dat nuoc. May bay, tau chien MT nem bom, b i n pha lien tuc, k h i p mgi noi, mgi liic, mgi thoi tiet, voi cuong cang tang. Trung binh moi co 300 Ian chie'c may bay di gay tgi ac voi 1600 tan bom dan trut xuong cac lang mac, chien dau chong chien tranh pha hoai Ian t h u hai ciia M i * Mien Bic khoi phuc va phat trien kinh te - xa hgi Tren khap mien Bac day len phong trao thi dua hgc tap, cong tac, lao dgng in xuat, n h i m truoc het khoi phyc va phat trien kinh te - xa hgi. xa,. Bom dgn cau chiing ta da cuop di biet bao sinh mang va gay thuong Trong nong nghiep, ta co mgt so chu truong khuyen khich san xua't. Chan tich cho bao nhieu nguoi khac. Bom dan cua chiing da tan pha biet bao cua cai. f i i o i dugc dua len nganh chinh. Cac hop tac xa tich cue ap dung tieh bg «^oa hgc kT thuat, nhieu bifn phap tham canh tang vu. Nho do, nhieu hgp tac * So sanh hai cupc chien tranh pha hoai cua MT mien BSc xa dat duQc m u c tieu tan, m o t so h o p tac xa dat tir den tan. San luQng l u o n g thuc n a m 1970 tang Hon 60 van tan so v o i nam 1968. T i e u c h i so sanh T r o n g Cong nghiep, nhieu ca so cong nghiep t r u n g u o n g va dja p h u o n g tar, C h i e n t r a n h pha hoai Ian C h i e n t r a n h p h a h o a i Ian t h u nhat t h u hai Tu - - 1964 den 1-11 pha dugc k h o i p h y c nhanh chong. N h i e u cong t r i n h dang l a m dang d o duoc 1. UTJ tien dau t u xay d u n g tiep, d u a vac heat d o n g . danh pha -1968. 2. Q u y m o danh D a n h pha m g t so' n o i pha m i e n B^c, He thong giao thong van tdi, nha't la cac tuyen giao t h o n g chien lup-c, h\a hoai nang ne d u g c k h a n t r u a n g k h o i phuc. gian chi dao, quan l i k i n h te - xa hoi buoc dau dugc khac phuc. 01 Den - - 1972, t u y e n Thuy m i e n Bac. 3. A m m u u cang Hai Gai Phong cung cac cua song, (Quang N i n h ) . N g a y - l u o n g lach, v i i n g bien mien - 1965, Bac. danh pha thj xa D o n g H a i , dao Con Pha quoc Co N g a y 14 - 12 - Nichxon hoach tiem luc k i n h te^ phong, pha cong cugc xay d u n g chii nghai m/ g k. co toa phe ma 1972, chuan cugc tap ke kich vao Ha N g i va Hai Phong. Q u a n dan ta m i e n B3c da danh tra djch n h i i n g d o n d i c h dang t u tran dau xa h g i m i e n Bac. va da danh bai hoan toan cugc tap kich k h o n g quan cua M I , lam nen tran Dicii eb oo phong B52 vac H a N g i va H a i Phong bat dau t u chieu toi 18 den het 29 - -1972. .f ac M l (trong c6 61 may bay B52, 10 may bay F i l l ) , ban c h i m 125 tau chien loai cugc chien tranh pha hoai Ian t h u nha't. C u u nguy cho chien luge G i a n h thang Igi quye't d j n h vao ve quan su, bugc ta phai m i e n Bac va t u m i e n Bac chap nhan d a m phan h g i vao m i e n N a m . n g h i Pari theo n h i r n g dieu vifn 1. Nhu " V i ^ t N a m hoa chien tranh". N g a n chan n g u o n chi hoai Ian t h u hai ( t u - - 1972 den 15 - - 1973), m i e n Bac ban r o i 735 may bay t u ben ngoai U y hie'p t i n h than, lam khoan c6 Igi cho M I . ww w l u n g lay y chi chong M I Dien Bien Phu tren khong la tran thang quye't d j n h cua ta, da bugc M i phai cua t u y e n b o ' n g i r n g han cac hoat d o n g chong pha m i e n Bac (15 - - 1973) va H i # p djnh Pari ve cham d u t chien tranh, lap lai hoa b i n h o V i ^ t N a m (27 - -1973). bo k h o n g quan bang m a y bay ro up s/ N g a y 14 - 12 - 1972, gan thang sau k h i tuyen b o ' n g u n g nem b o m ban pha bay F i l l ) , bat song 43 p h i cong M I . T i n h chung, t r o n g ca cugc chien tranh pha Hon Ta Bac da c6 the chu d o n g , k j p t h o i chong tra djch t u tran d a u . Bien Phu tren khong. Ta da ban r o i 81 may bay (trong 34 may bay B52, may xa iL N h o d u g c chuan bj t r u o c va v a i t u the l u o n l u o n san sang chien d a u , mien N i c h - x o n phe chuan ke'hoach m o cugc tap kich k h o n g quan bang may bay B52 thi (Thanh (Quang Binh) . ie t u y e n bo p h o n g toa cang H a i Phong ciing cac cua song, l u o n g lach, v i i n g bien (Ngh^ An), Truong iH uO k h o n g q u a n va hai quan pha hoai m i e n Bac (Ian t h u hai); den - - 1972, k h o i v o n g chien dau hang t r a m p h i cong M i . - Ben Da hi nT I V cu. N g a y 16 - - 1972, N i c h - x o n tuyen bo'chinh thuc gay cugc chien tranh may bay n e m b o m ban pha m g t so' n o i thugc k h u I V cu. Hoa), N g a y - - 1972, MT cho may bay nem b o m ban pha m g t so' n o i thugc khu N g a y - - 1972, M I cho Gianh (Quang Binh), V i n h Lach * M i e n Bac vvra chien dau chong chien tranh pha hoai vira san xuat m i e n Bac t u v i t u y e n 20 t r o ra, de ho t r g cho m u u c h i n h trj - ngoai giao m o i , n h u cua song oc song nhan dan o n d j n h . M o t so kho khan sai lam k h u y e t d i e m cua ta T u - - 1972 den 15 - 1973. / Van hod, giao due, y te, cung nhanh chong d u g c k h o i phuc va phat trien. D6i Thai nhan dan ta a hai m i e n dat nuac. * M i e n Bac thyc h i ^ n nghia vu hau phuong Ion 4. Ket qua chien T r o n g d i e u k i ^ n t u o n g doi hoa b i n h , ca chien t r a n h pha hoai, mien dau T r o n g nam ( t u - - Da ban r o i 81 may bay den - 11 - 1968), (trong d o 34 may bay B52, m i e n Bac ban r o i va pha may bay F i l l ) , bat song 43 t h o i hau qua cua n h i i n g tran danh pha ac l i ^ t , v u g t qua n h u n g cugc bao vay h u y 3243 may bay, p h i cong M I . T i n h chung, p h o n g toa gat gao ciia djch, bao d a m tiep nhan tot hang vien t r g t u ben ngoai k h o i v o n g chien dau hang t r o n g ca cugc chien va chi v i ^ n theo yeu cau cua tien t u y e n mien N a m , c6 ca chien t r u a n g Lao va n g h i n p h i cong M i , ban pha hoai Ian t h u hai ( t u 6-4- Bac da tap t r u n g I a n kha nang ve luc l u g n g va p h u o n g t i ^ n de khac phuc kjp cua quan dan m i e n Bac 1964 loai tranh Campuchia. I-JO Lty INRHM7VUVVH Khang Vm chay, ban chim 143 tau chie'n. 1972 den 15 -1 -1973), mien II. C A C H M A N G M I E N N A M T l / N A M 1954 D E N N A M 1975 Bac ban roi 735 may bay 1. Thoi k i tu- nam 1954 den nam 1960: Mien Nam dau tranh chong che dp M I - Ngay - n - 1968, MI MT (trong c6 61 may bay pi^m, giu gin va phat trien luc lupng each mang, tie'n toi phong trao "Dong k h o i " tuyen bo ngung han chie'n B52, 10 may bay F i l l ) , ban a. Daii tranh chong che Mi - Diem, giii gin vd phat trien luc luqtng each tranh pha hoai mien Bac. ch\ 125 tau chie'n loai khoi inang (1954 vong chie'n dau hang tram -1960). Ngay tu thang - 1954, nhan ro de quoc MT la tro luc chinh ngan can viec l^p lai hoa binh Dong Duong va dang tro ke thu chinh, true tie'p ciia Buoc MT phai tuyen bo nhan dan Dong Duong. Trung uong Dang de cho each mang mien Nam ngung han cac hoat dong nhiem vu chuyen cupc dau tranh vu trang chong Phap truoc sang dau tranh chong pha mien Bac va ki chinh tri cho'ng MT - Diem, doi chung thi hanh Hiep djnh Gionevo 1654 ve Hiep djnh Pari ve cham dut Dong Duong, giO gin va phat trien each mang. Da iH oc 01 / phi cong Ml. hi chie'n tranh, lap lai hoa binh Mo dau la "phong trao hoa binh" ' cua tri thuc va cua tang lop nhan dan Sai nT Viet Nam. »" Gon - C h o L o n thang 8-1954. uO fJwi, 6. T h o i k i tu nam 1973 den nam 1975: Mien Bac khoi phuc va phat trien ie |||; Thang 11 - 1954, MT - Diem tie'n hanh khiing bo, dan ap, lung bat cac nha k i n h te, sue chi v i f n cho mien Nam iL lanh dao phong trao. Nhung phong trao dau tranh vi muc tieu hoa binh cua Hiep djnh Pari nam 1973 ve Viet Nam, quan MI buoc phai rut khoi nuoc ta, Ta cac tang lop nhan dan tie'p tuc dang cao, Ian rpng, loi cuon hang trieu nguoi lam thay doi so sanh lire lupng d mien Nam c6 Igi cho each mang. Mien Bac tro s/ tham gia, gom tat ca cac tang lop nhan dan, cac dang phai, cac dan tpc it nguoi . hinh nen mat tran chong MT - Diem. up lai hoa binh, tie'n hanh khac phuc hau qua chie'n tranh, khoi phuc va phat trien * Muc tieu phong trao: ro kinh te - xa hpi, siic chi vien cho tien tuyen mien Nam. Dau tranh vua doi MT - Diem thi hanh Hiep dinh Gionevo, doi hiep thuong m/ g Sau hai nam (1973 - 1974), ve co ban mien B^c khoi phuc xong cac co so tong tuyen cir thong nhat dat nuoc. kinh te^ cac he thong thuy nong, mang luoi giao thong, cac cong trinh van hoa, dan ap, chong chie'n djch "to cong," diet cong" ciia chiing, doi cac quyen tu do, Den cuoi nam 1974, san xua't cong nghiep, nong nghiep tren mot so mat tran dan sinh, dan chii. eb oo quan da dat vupt muc nam 1964 va nam 1971 la hai nam dat muc cao nhat 20 nam xay dung chu nghia xa hoi mien Bac. ^ Chong cai gpi la "tnmg can dan i/" cua Diem, cho'ng MT - Diem khung bo', k. co giao due, y \&, kinh te'co buoc phat trien. '" * H'lnh thi'fc: Dau tranh giii gin chinh trj, hoa binh chuyen sang dau tranh vu trang tu ve, roi dung bao luc each mang. .f ac Thirc hien nghia vu hau phuong, hai nam 1973 - 1974, mien Bac dua ii!; b. Phong trao "Dong kh&i" (1959 - 1960) nien xung phong, can bo chuyen mon, nhan kl thuat dot xua't hai * Nguyen nhan bung no thang dau nam 1975. Mien Bac gap rut dua vao mien N a m 57.000 bo dpi (trong Trong nhirng nam 1957 - 1959, each mang mien N a m gap muon van kho ww w vao chie'n truong mien Nam, Campuchia, Lao gan 20 van bo dpi, hang van khan. Ngo Dinh Diem ban hanh dao luat dat cong san ngoai vong phap luat. tong so 108.000 bp dpi ciia ke'hoach dpng vien 1975). Ve vat chat - k! thuat, mien B3c da co nhirng no luc phi thuang, dap ung Luat 10/59 (thang - 1959) cho phep tay sai Diem th^ng tay gie't hai bat cu day du va kip thoi nhu cau to Ion va cap bach cua cupc tong tie'n cong chien nguoi yeu nuoc nao hoac bat cii co bieu hien chong lai chiing, lam cho hang lupc mien Nam. Van can bp, dang vien bj gie't hai, hang chuc van dong bao yeu nuoc bj tu day. * y n^hia: Kjp thoi phuc vu cho cupc Tong tie'n cong va noi day giai phong ^Cupc dau tranh ciia nhan dan ta o mien Nam doi hoi co mpt bi^n phap quyet iiet de dua each mang vupt qua kho khan thir thach. hoan toan mien N a m nam 1975. Chuan bj mpi dieu ki^n thuan Ipi cho vi^c tie'p quan viing giai phong sau chien tranh ke't thiic. Tie'p tuc the hi#n vai tro ciia hau phuang Ion doi voi tien tuyen Ion. I • -' ' '''''' Thang - 1959, Hpi nghj Ian thir 15 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong quyet djnh !ang ta t r i f u tap H p i n g h j Ian t h u 15 Ban Chap hanh T r u n g u o n g quye't d j n h that n ^ n g ne. 12 - The. TnKmg N0< v rh,r, * Am mini va thi'i doan cua Mi vao luc l u a n g c h i n h t r i cua quan c h i i n g la chii ye'u MT de ra" k e h o a c h Xtalay - Tay-lo" v o i npi d u n g chu ye'u la b i n h d j n h m i e n ket h o p v o i luc l u o n g v u trang de danh ach thong trj ciia d e q u o c va phong N a m t r o n g v o n g 18 thang. kien, thiet lap c h i n h quyen each m a n g cua nhan d a n " . T h u c h i ^ n k e h o a c h , MT tang c u o n g v i ^ n t r p cho quan s u D i e m , tang nhanh D u o i anh sang N g h j quyet 15 cua Dang, p h o n g trao dau t r a n h cua d o n g bao lire l u p n g quan d p i Sai G o n , tie'n hanh d o n dan lap " A p chien lupc", su d u n g m i e n N a m no n h u nuoc v o bo. M o dau la cac cupc k h o i nghla t u n g phan bien cac chien thuat m o i "true thang van", ( N i n h Thuan) thang - "thiet xa van". Vien t r p quan sy ciia MT tang gap d o i . Bp chi h u y quan su MT ( M A C V ) d u p e lap tai Sai 1959. Tra Bong (Quang N g a i ) thang - 1959, roi Ian khap m i e n N a m Gon - - . t h a n h cao t r a o each m a n g , tieu bieu v o i cuoc " D o n g k h o i " Ben Tre / n h u : cuoc noi day VTnh Thanh (Binh D i n h ) , Bac Ai 01 m a n g m i e n N a m la "dua oc " A p chien lupc" dupe xem n h u " X u o n g song ciia "chien t r a n h dac b i ^ t " va 17 _ _ I960. H o a n h j p v o i cuoc " D o n g k h o i " o Ben Tre, nhan d a n cac t i n h Tay iH nang len "quoc sach". C h u n g coi viec lap: A p chien l u p c " n h u m o t cupc N i n h , M i Tho, Tan A n , Tra V i n h , Bac Lieu, Rach Gia, Ca M a u , Chau Doc, Lonj; Da chien tranh tong luc n h a m day luc l u p n g each mang khoi cac ap, tach dan X u y e n , Soc Trang, Can Tho, Kien Phong, Kien T u o n g . . . d o n g loat noi day. hi khoi each mang, tien toi nam dan, thuc hien chuong trinh "binh d j n h " mien N a m . b. Mien Nam chien dau chong chien luac "Chien tranh dac hiet" cua va Tay N g u y e n . D a p l i n g yeu cau ciia each mang t u k h o i nghla t u n g phan phat trien len Phong trao " D o n g k h o i " t h ^ n g Igi danh dau buoc ngoat cua each mang ie chien tranh each m a n g , chong "Chien tranh d^c biet" ciia MT va chinh q u y e n m i e n N a m , chuyen each m a n g tir the g i u gin luc l u g n g sang the tie'n cong. iL ,'Sai Gon. s/ M a t tran dan tpc giai p h o n g m i e n N a m d o i (20 - 12 - 1960), T r u n g u o n g Cyc mien N a m V i ^ t N a m lap (1 - - 1961), cac l y e l u p n g v u trang each mang thong nha't Quan giai phong mien Nam (5 - - 1961). cua d o n g bao m i e n N a m dien soi noi, m a n h me, quyet liet va da gianh dupe D u o i n g p n co doan ket c i i u n u o c ciia M a t tran dan tpc giai p h o n g D a n g thSng Ipi v o cung to Ion. D o chinh la l i de giai thich cau noi ciia d o n g chi i a n h dao, quan giai p h o n g m i e n N a m ciing v o i nhan dan day m a n h dau tranh N g u y e n C h i Thanh: " Q u a p h o n g trao D o n g k h o i o m i e n N a m (1959 - 1960) y chong M l va c h i n h q u y e n Sai Gon, ket h p p dau tranh c h i n h t r i v o i dau tranh Dang, long dan gap n h a u " . Y D a n g day la N g h i quyet 15 va long dan la sue v u trang, noi day v o i tien cong tren ca ba v u n g chien lupc ( r u n g n i i i , nong thon, k. co m/ g ro up N h u vay, n h o c6 N g h j quyet 15 ciia D a n g soi d u o n g p h o n g trao dau tranh Ta C h a m d u t t h o i k i on d j n h tam thoi c h e d o thuc dan m o i cua MT a m i e n N a m , m o t h o i k i k h u n g hoang cua c h e d o Sai Gon. Mi uO nT " D o n g k h o i " Ian khap cac tinh t u Ca M a u cac t i n h ven bien m i e n T r u n g eb oo m a n h quat k h o i cua d o n g bao mien N a m . tranh dac bi?t" cua MT .f ac 2. T h a i k i tu nam 1961 den nam 1965: Mien Nam chien dau chong " C h i e n a. C h i e n luQfc " C h i e n tranh dac bi?t" ciia de quoc M I a mien N a m ww w * Khdi nicm vc "Chien tranh dac bict": Chien lupc "Chien tranh dac b i f t " la m o t h i n h t h i i c chien tranh xam lupc thuc dan m o i , d u p e tien hanh bMng quan d p i tay sai, d u o i s u chi buy ciia he thong "co v a n " M I , d u a vao v u k h i , trang bi ki thuat, p h u o n g tien chien tranh cua M I , nham chong lai cac l y c l u p n g each m a n g va nhan dan ta. * Hoan cdnh: Sau p h o n g trao " D o n g k h o i " (1959 - 1960), nhan d a n ta mien dong bang, thj), tien cong dich bang ca ba m i i i chinh t r j , quan sy, b i n h van. T r o n g nhu-ng nam 1961 - 1962, quan giai p h o n g da day l u i nhieu cupc chien cong, d o n g t h o i v o i tien cong tieu diet nhieu d o n bot le ciia djch. N a m quan dan ta da tien hanh nhieu cupc can quet Ion ciia d j c h vao chien k h u D , (cSn c i i U M i n h , Tay N i n h va Tay Bac Sai Gon. Cupc dau t r a n h chong va pha " A p chien lupc" d i l n gay go, quyet li?t giOa ta va d i c h , co hang chuc tri?u l u p t n g u o i tham gia pha " A p chien lupc" d i 6i v o i xay d y n g lang chien tranh. V o i quyet tam " m o t ta'c da't k h o n g d i , m p t l i hong r o i " , nhan dan m i e n N a m kien quyet b a m da't, giir lang, pha d e ' k i m k?p ciia d i c h . M I va c h i n h q u y e n Sai G o n d u tap t r u n g siic vao d o n d a n lap " A p chien N a m tiep tuc noi day, ket h o p dau tranh chinh t r j v o i dai tranh vu trang chong lupc" n h u n g cGng chi t h y c hien d u p e m p t phan k e h o a c h . D e n cuoi n a m M l va c h i n h q u y e n Sai Gon. T r o n g k h i tren the g i o i , p h o n g trao giai phong each m a n g k i e m soat tren nira tong so v o i gan 70% n o n g dan. dan tpc dang len m a n h me, true tiep de doa he thong thupc dja ciia chu nghuT dequoc. 1962 1962, Chien thSng A p Bac danh dau b u o c t r u o n g ciia l y c l u o n g v u trang each m a n g m i e n N a m , da d a n h bai cac bi?n phap chien thuat: true thang van", 145 "thiei xa van" cua d\ch, danh sap long tin ciia quan dpi Sai Gon vao trang bj vu hien dai ciia M i . Chien thang cung chiing minh quan dan nnien Nam hoan toan c6 kha nang danh bai "Chien tranh dac bi§t" cua M I va chinh quyen Sai Gon, sau tr^n A p Bac, phong trao "thi dua Ap Bac giet giac lap cong" day len k h i p mien Nam. "Chien tranh cue bp" la loai hinh chien tranh xam lupc thyc dan moi, dupe tien hanh bang luc lupng quan dpi M i , quan dong minh ciia M i va quan dpi Sai Gon nham chong lai each mang va nhan dan mien Nam. De thyc hi^n "Chien tranh eye bp", vua moi vao mien Nam, M i da cho quan ina cupc hanh quan " t i m di^t" vao cSn cii ciia Quan giai phong Van Phong trao dau tranh chinh trj aia cac tang lop nhan dan cac thj, Ttrong (Quang Ngai). Tiep do. M i mo lien hai cupc phan cong chien lupc miia ca nhung Ion nhu Sai Gon, Hue, Da Nang, c6 nhung buoc phat y i o (dong - xuan) 1965 - 1966 va 1966 - 1967 bang hang loat cupc hanh quan / trien manh me, noi h^t la dau tranh cua "dpi quan toe dai" cua cac ba m? va cac 01 "tim diet" va "binh dinh" vao vung: "dat Vi^t Cpng". chi; cua cac tin Ph^t giao chong lai sy dan ap, ki thj ton giao ciia chinh oc b. Chien dau chong chien lucre "Chien tranh cue bg" cua Ml quyen Diem. iH Voi y chi khong gi lay chuyen "Quyei chien quyel thdng giac Mi xam lucre" Phong trao dau tranh chinh trj thj ciing voi phong trao pha "Ap chien Da dupe sy phoi hpp chien dau va chi vi?n ciia mien B^e, quan dan ta mien Nam lupc" nong thon va nhung don tien cong lien tiep ciia cac lire lupng vu trang hi da anh dung chien dau va lien tiep gianh thang Ipi. each mang da day nhanh qua trinh suy sup ciia chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Di^m. nT Van Tuong (Quang Ngai) vao 18 - -1965, sau mpt chien dau, Sau len lam l o n g thong, Giionxon quyet djnh day manh hon nCra uO mpt trung doan ehii luc ciia ta cung voi quan du kich va nhan dan dja phuong "Chien tranh dac bi?t". Ke hoach Gionxon - Mac Namara thay the ke hoach ie da day lui dupe cupc hanh quan ciia d}ch, loai khoi vong chien dau 900 djch, Xtalay - Taylo dupe vach nham tang cuong vi^n trp quan su, on djnh chinh iL ban chay 22 xe tang va xe bpe thep, 13 may bay. quyen Sai Gon, binh djnh mien Nam c6 trpng diem nam (1964 -1965). Ta Van Tuong dupe coi la "Ap Bac" do'i voi quan M i va quan dong minh, mo Phong trao dau tranh chinh trj phat trien cac thi, nhat la cac m/ g Sau chien thang Ap Bac, quan giai phong nhanh chong truong va tien k. co len danh nhirng tran c6 quy mo Ion. Cuoi nam 1964, quan va dan Dong Nam Bp mo chien djch tien cong Dong - Xuan 1964 -1965 voi tran mo man danh vao eb oo ap Binh Gia. Thira t h i n g sau chien thang Binh Gia, quan giai phong va nhan dan mien .f ac Nam day manh tien cong Xuan - He 1965 va gianh nhieu thang Ipi cac chien djch A n Lao (Binh Djnh), Ba Gia (Quang Ngai), Dong Xoai (Bien Hoa). ww w Tung don vj Ion ciia djch bi tieu di?t gpn, hoac thi^t hai nang. Quan dpi Sai Gon, lyc lupng nong cot ciia "Chien tranh dac bi^t", khong dii siic duong dau voi cupc tien cong Ion ciia quan giai phong va dung trudc nguy co tan ra. 3. Thai ki Kr nim 1965 den nam 1968: Mien Nam chien dau chong "Chien tranh c\ic b p " cua M I a. Chien luge "Chien tranh cue bq" ciia dequoc Mt a mien Nam Sau that bai chien lupc "Chien tranh dMc bi^t", M I day manh chien tranh xam lupc mien Nam, chuyen sang chien lupc "Chien tranh cue bo" va mo rpng chien tranh pha hoai" mien Bac. s/ ro trao dang cao, eang thu hiit nhieu nguoi tham gia. dau cao trao "71m Mi ma danh liing nguy ma diet" tren kh3p mien Nam. Nhieu up thj Ion Sai Gon, Hue, Da N i n g , cang lam roi loan hau phuong ciia dich. Phong "Vanh dai diet Mi" xuat hi?n nhu Hoa Vang, Chu Lai (Quang Nam), Cu Chi (Sai Gon) . Mpt phong trao thi dua tro "Dung st diet Mi" vk "Dcm vi anh hiing diet Mt" soi noi khap noi. ,» rs ii r Sau tran Van Tuong kha nang chien t h i n g M I "Chien tranh cue bp" ciia quan dan ta eon tiep tuc dupe ehung minh hai mua kho. Buoc vao kho thu nhat (Dong - Xuan 1965 -1966) voi 720 000 quan, djch mo dpt phan cong voi 450 cupc hanh quan, c6 cupc hanh quan "tim di?t" Ion, n h i m vao hai huong chien lupc chinh Dong Nam Bp va Lien Khu V, voi myc tieu danh bai chii lye Quan giai phong. Quan dan ta the tran chien tranh nhan dan, voi nhieu phuong thue tac chien, da chan danh djch tren mpi huong, chii dpng tien cong dich tren mpi noi. Quan ta da loai khoi vong chien dau 104 000 dich, ban roi 430 n^ay bay. Buoc vao mua kho thu hai (Dong - Xuan 1966 - 1967), voi lyc lupng dupe *Sng len hon 980 000 quan, chiing mo dpt phan cong voi 895 cupc hanh quan, *rong c6 cupc hanh quan Ion "tim diet" va "binh dinh", ion nhat la cupc hanh quan Gianxon Xiti danh vao can cu Duong Minh Chau (B3c Tay Ninh), ^ a m tieu di^t quan chii lyc va co quan dau nao ciia ta. 147 [...]... tranh da - ra, tieu bieu la cupc k h o i nghia Bac Son (9 -19 40) N a m K i (11 -19 40) va cupc i n h bien D o L u o n g (1 -19 41) Truoc tinh h i n h the gioi va trong nuoc ngay cang khan truong, ngay 28 - 1 -19 41 g u y e n A i Quoc ve nuoc va trieu tap H p i n g h i T r u n g u o n g D a n g lan t h u V I I I , ipp tir ngay 10 den 19 - 5 - 19 41 t ^ i PSc Bo (Cao Bang) chu t r u o n g d?t n h i ^ m V... D u o n g den 3 - 19 38 d o i thanh M a t tran dan chii D o n g D u o n g p h u h p p v o i mue tieu d a u tranh 7 So sanh t h a i k i each mging n a m 19 30 - 19 31 v a i t h a i k i n a m 19 36 - 19 39 19 30 Npi dung -19 31 1936 phai -19 39 la t h y c N 3 m 19 37, c6 400 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan Tieu bieu la cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan xe l u a N a m D o n g D u o n g ngay 9 - 7 - 19 37 va m o than V... chi mang Tarn n a m 19 45 Bai cong, bai t h j , bai khoa ciia cong nhan va cac tang l o p lao d p n g khac So v o i t h o i k i 19 30 - 19 31, chii t r u o n g sach lupc, chie'n I I I P H O N G T R A O G I A I P H O N G D A N T Q C 19 39 f ac N h ^ n xet thang eb oo Cach k co La cupc dien tap dau tien l u p c va h i n h t h i i c dau tranh t r o n g t h o i k i 19 36 - 19 39 c6 -19 45 11 T i n h h i n h c... Nguyen T i n h h i n h the g i o i , t r o n g n u o c n h u n g n a m 19 40 - 19 41 H p i n g h i l a n t h u 8 9 41) Ta * Cmc binh bien Do Luffng (13 -1- m/ g Phap da l a m b i n h bien, chong lai vi^c Phap d u a b i n h l i n h n g u o i V i ^ t sang Lao k co d a n h nhau v o i quan Thai L a n - Dien bien: eb oo N g a y 13 - 1 - 1 9 4 1 , b i n h l i n h d o n C h p Rang ( N g h ^ A n ) d u o i s u chi... mang 19 30 -19 31 Thang 5, tren p h a m v i ca nuoc b u n g no nhieu cupc d a u t r a n h nhan ngay co'vH mqnh me quan chiing nhan dan trong ca nuac Quo'c te'lao d o n g 1- 5 d Ynghia lich sivd bai hoc kinh nghiem ciia phong trao each mang 19 30 Tir thang 6 den thang 8 n a m 19 30, ca nuoc c6 12 1 cupc dau tranh, t r o n g d o / giai cap cong nhan d o i v o i each m a n g cac nuoc 6 D o n g D u o n g 01 Cac... tren het ' Cty TNHH MTVP'/V' < Kh.ing b Hgi nghi Idn thu 8 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong (5 - 19 41) 6, C h i i truong chuyen huong chi dao chien lupc cua D a n g tvr H p i nghi Trung N g a y 28 - 1 - 19 41, N g u y e n A i Quo'c ve nuoc true tiep lanh dao each mang ifong thang 11 - 19 39 den Hpi nghi Trung uong 8 (5 - 19 41) V a i tro cua Ho Sau mQt t h a i gian chuan bj, N g u o i trieu tap va chu t r i H o... thang 11 - 19 39 "danh dau buac chuyen hu&ng quan trgng vechi dao chien luge", the hien su nhqy ben ve chinh tri va nang luc sang tqo cua Dang N g a y 2 8 - 1 - 19 41, N g u y e n A i Quoc ve nude t r y c tiep lanh dao each m^ng Sau m p t t h d i gian chuan bj, N g u o i tri^u tap va ehii trj H p i n g h i T r u n g u o n g Ian t h u 8 tai P i e Bd (Ha Q u a n g - Cao Bang) t u ngay 10 den 19 - 5 - 1 9 4 1. .. g i n g h j T r u n g u o n g D a n g t h a n g 11 Thang 6 - 1 9 4 1 , Due tan cong Lien X6 Cuoc chien dau ciia nhan dan Lien X6 -19 39 a Nhihtg chuyen bien cua tinh hinh the giai trong cuoc chien tranh v$ quoc da c6 v u manh me phong trao each mang Vi?t N a m / N g a y 1 - 9 - 19 39, Chien tranh the g i o i t h u hai b i i n g no N g a y 3 - 9 - 19 39, 01 b Tinh hinh chinh tri, kinh te- xa hoi: phap... Cuong Ilnh chinh t r i dau tien ciia Dang, trong Luan cuoiig chinh t r i thang 10 - 19 30 va trong H p i nghj Trung uo«g Dang thang 11 -19 39 Dang va chii truong ciia Hpi nghj Trung uang thang 11 - 19 39, thi Luan cuong * Van denhi^m vu each mang: / cung mSc sai lam do la: danh gia khong diing kha nang each mang ciia tang 01 - Trong Cuang Itnh chinh tri dau tien cua Dang: \cfp tieu t u san, kha nang chong... thang 7 - 19 27 Tir thang 12 - 19 27 den den dau 19 30 nam 19 29 Lanh d^o Nguyen Ai Quo'c thie't lap dan quyen iH oc 01 / chua CO duong loi ro ret Phan hai huang hi Da Lam each mang dan hoa theo nT Di theo con duong tu an nhung bj be tac, tan ra uO ie ro Ban chuong trinh hanh dpng ctia Dang cong bo nam 19 29 da neu nguyen cuoi xoa bo ngoi vua, iL Ta s/ up - Giiip do cac dan tpc bj ap buc denthang7 -19 29 dan . quoc dan dang Thoi gian hoat dpng Tu thang 6 - 19 25 denthang 7 -1 929 Tu thang 7 - 19 27 den cuoi nam 19 29 Tir thang 12 - 19 27 den dau 19 30 Lanh d^o Nguyen Ai Quo'c Tang lop. la X6 viet Nghe - Tinh. - Phong trao dan chii 19 36 - 19 39. - Phong trao giai phong dan tpc 19 39 - 19 45. Trong do, chii trpng den cac su kien dien ra trong nam 19 30 va nam 19 45. 2. Bam sat. sir tir nam 19 30 den nam 19 45, cac em can tap trung vao cac sir kien Ijch sir sau: - Su thanh lap Dang Cpng san Viet Nam ngay 3 - 2 - 19 30. - Phong trao each mang 19 30 - 19 31 voi dinh

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