BỒI DƯỠNG học SINH GIỎI LỊCH sử 12 phần 4

B S I dLT&n^ HSG L/ch Si} 12 - Ths Truong Ngpc Thai Ke hoach n a m c6 n h i e m v u "phat trien t h e m m p t buoc, sap xe'p lai ca ca'u + Cai tao quan h§ san xua't a day m a n h cai tai xa h p i chu nghia nen k i n h te quo'c d a n " n h a m ca ban o n C o n g cuQC cai tao xa h p i chu nghla d u p e day m a n h v d i toe d p n h a n h t r o n g ^ j n h t i n h h i n h k i n h te - xa h p i , dap u n g yeu cau cap bach thie't ye'u nha't cua cac v u n g m o i giai p h o n g m i e n N a m Giai cap t u san m a i ban b i xoa bo D a i ng n g u y e n nhan co ban cua kho bang, dan chu, van m i n h T h y c hien chinh sach d o i ngoai hoa b i n h , hOu n g h i , k h ^ n , ye'u k e m la d o mac phai "sai lam n g h i e m t r o n g va keo dai ve chu t r u o n g , h g p tac, "Viet N a m m u o n la ban ciia tat ca cac nuoc" chirih sach Ion, sai l a m ve chi dao chien luge va to ehue t h y c h i ^ n " N h i ^ m vu va muc tieu cua timg ke hoach Nha nuoc nam: 1986 - iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / k h o n g it kho khan, dat nuoc l a m vao tinh trang k h u n g hoang, t r u o c het la De khac phuc sai lam, khuye't d i e m dua dat nuoc v u g t quan k h u n g hoang 1991 - 1995, 1990 - 2000 va day m a n h each m a n g xa hoi chu nghia tien len D a n g va N h a nuoc ta phai Cac ke hoach tien hanh d o i m o i Nha nuoc nam b Hoan canh the gioi: 1986-1990 D u o i tac d o n g cua each m a n g khoa hoc - k l thuat l a m cho quan h ^ cua cac Ta s/ M u o n thuc h i ^ n n h u n g m u c tieu cua Ba c h u o n g t r i n h k i n h te, t h i n o n g nghiep, ke ca l a m nghiep va n g u N h u vay, d o i m o i la van de cap bach, c6 y nghia song d o i v o i chii nghia ro nghiep phai d u g c dat d u n g v i t r i la mat tran hang dau xa hoi nuoc ta d o n g t h a i la van de p h u h g p v o i xu t h e c h u n g cua thoi dai va d u g c u u tien n h u eau ve v o n dau t u , ve nang lye, vat /g om c Noi dung duang loi doi moi vekinh leva chinh tri cua Dang c D u o n g loi d o i m o i cua D a n g dugc de dau tien tai D a i hoi V I (12 - 1986), lye, lao dong, k ! thuat v.v 1991 -1995 t u n g buoc cai thien nang cao d o i song nhan dan Bat dau bo D a i hoi IX ( - 0 ) CO tich lijy ngi bg k i n h te ce * Doi moi kinh te: Day l i i i va kiem soat d u g c lam phat O n d j n h phat trien nang cao hieu qua nen san xuat xa h g i O n d j n h va ok dugc dieu chinh, bo sung phat trien Dai hgi V I I (6 -1991), Dai hgi V I I I (6 - 1996), Can tap t r u n g sue n g u o i , sue cua t h y c hien bang d u g c tituc, thuc pham, hang tieu dimg va han;:; xuat khau up nghia khac cijng d o i hoi D a n g va Nha nuoc ta phai tien hanh d o i m o i N h i f m vu, muc tieu n h i e m v u , m u c tieu cua Ba chiam;^ trinh kinh te'va hmng nuoc thay d o i theo xu t h e ' m a i Cugc k h u n g hoang toan d i ^ n , t r a m t r g n g cua L i e n X6 va cac nuoc xa hoi chu 1990, De t h y c hien m u c tieu tren, phat h u y sue m a n h ciia cac nghia, n h a m phat huy sue manh cua cac phan k i n h t e v a tao sue manh phan k i n h te, day m a n h Ba c h u o n g t r i n h kinh te tong h g p eiia nen k i n h te nhieu phan v o i n h i r n g ngi d u n g cao han truoc va t u n g buoc xay ww w fa Phat trien k i n h te'hang hoa nhieu phan theo d j n h h u o n g xa hgi chu Cai tao quan he san xuat, cac phan k i n h te'lae hau k i m ham su phat trien Cai tao d i d o i v o i s u d y n g va thiet lap quan he san xuat xa hgi ehu nghia Cai tai phai d u g c coi la n h i e m v u t h u o n g xuyen, lien tuc t r o n g suot t h o i k i qua d y n g CO eau k i n h tetheo yeu eau eong nghiep hoa 1996 - 2000 Day m a n h eong cugc d o i m o i m o t each toan dien va d o n g bg, tie'p tuc phat trien nen k i n h te hang hoa nhieu d g Xoa bo co c h e q u a n l i k i n h te tap t r u n g , bao cap, h i n h co che thj phan Phan dau dat va v u g t m u c tieu tang t r u o n g t r u o n g CO sy quan l i ciia N h a nuoc k i n h te'nhanh, hieu qua cao va ben vi>ng d i d o i v o i giai T h y c hien chinh sach m o cua, m o rgng quan he k i n h t e d o i ngoai, m o rgng su phan eong lao d o n g va h g p tac k i n h te'quoe tc, tich eye khai thae nguon v o n , khai thae eong nghe k h a i thae t h i t r u o n g 184 quyet nhi>ng van de buc xuc ve xa h g i ; cai thien d o i song nhan dan, nang'cao tich l u y t u n g i b g den k i n h te 185 Nhmig tmi va yeu kem ve kinh te - xa hpi ciia nuoc ta t ^ g ke ho^ch Nha nuoc nam: 1986 - 1990,1991 - 1995,1990 - 2000 Cac ke hoach Thanh t\ru Nha nuoc nam Ve luang tieu c h u y e u cua ke hoach tren t h e ' g i o i : l u c l u p n g san n a m hoan xua't nho be, co so v a t chat vupt tit cho thieu an d o i I o n , l a m phat v a n K i n h te d6'i ngoai phat mien, c h i i n g ta da m u c cao, lao d o n g thieu v u o n len d a p l i n g n h u cau vi^c l a m tang, h i ^ u qua t r o n g nuoc, c6 d u tru va k i n h te tha'p, nhieu ca so xua't khau, g o p phan quan san xua't d i n h d o n keo d a i on dinh d o i song Che can xua't - nhap k h a u bang l u o n g hoac t r g cap xa trien m a n h , m o rong Hon cap, tinh trang tham nhung, truoc ve q u y m o , h i n h an hoi 16, m a t dan c h i i , bat thuc da g o p phan quan cong xa h p i va nhieu hien Ta up n h i i n g m a t tiep tuc x u o n g ce b u o c da lam phat phan, v a n hanh theo CO che t h i t r u o n g c6 s u quan h' ciia N h a nuoc Nhirng tuu, uu diem, tie'n b o dat d u g c chung to d u o n g 161 d o i moi ciia D a n g la d u n g , b u o c d i ciia cong cupc d o i m o i ve co ban la p h u hgp w ww hang hoa nhieu fa Buoc dau h i n h nen k i n h te khau dupe rpng, suat lao d p n g , chat l u p n g nguon v o n dau t u ciia san p h a m , chat l u p n g cong mo khoa t r i n h tha'p T i n h trang t h a m n h u n g , CO buoc phat trien m o i , lang p h i , b u o n lau, l a m an van hoa xa h p i c6 n h i i n g p h i phap c u n g n h u hien chuyen bien tich cue t u p n g tieu cue t r o n g bp qu6'c p h o n g va an n i n h m a y N h a n u o c ehua d u p e ngan chan triet de Su p h a n hoa giau ngheo gii>a cac v u n g , g i i i a d u p e Cling c6' r o n g quan h$ d o i thj v a n o n g t h o n , giira cac ngoai, p h a the bao v a y , tang t h a m gia tich cue vao cac nhanh D o i song ciia m p t hoat d p n g ciia cpng d o n g bp p h a n n h a n d a n , nhat la qu6'c te n h u n g v u n g sau, v i m g xa, ok k i m che dugc m o t bo Da ne v a p h o bieh .c vao vi^c thuc h i ^ n cac t u p n g tieu cue khac nang muc tieu kinh te - xa hoi nang Mo /g phat s/ n g h i ^ p v a n hoa c6 om K i n h te d o i ngoai Su chuyen bien cham; t r j - xa h p i d u p e g i u v u n g , n o n g dan b i g i a m sut ro t u o n g d o i thuan Igi trien, t h j t r u o n g xua't nhap O n d j n h tinh hinh chinh nhat la hang tieu dung, d o i h p i v a cua m o t so b p phan dao, da dang va l u u thong ngh§ Khoa hoc va cong nghe n g u o i lao d p n g chii y e u Hang hoa tren t h i truong, hpc va cong n u o c ngoai tang nhanh d p tien l u o n g bat ngheo - k l thuat lac hau; t r i n h d p muc nhan d a n va thay d o i can h o p l i , d o i song ciia n h u n g 186 nhirng nuoc N e n k i n h te m a t can trien N u o c ta v a n c o n la m p t te d a y m a n h , nhieu m u c thyc pham, thuc, Yeu kem N h i p d p phat trien k i n h iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / 1986 - 9 "^991 - 9 lop cu dan tang nhieu k h o k h a n 1996-2000 te v a n g i i i N e n k i n h te phat trien d u p e n h j p d p tang t r u o n g chua v i r n g chac; nang suat kha, CO cau k i n h te co s u lao d p n g hieu q u a va sue chuyen d j c h tich cue canh tranh tha'p - M p t so Nen kinh Can can d o i chii yeu vah de buc xiic ve van hoa - t r o n g nen k i n h te da d u p e xa h p i cham d u p e giai dieu c h i n h thich h p p quye't K i n h te d o i ngoai phat trien Khoa hpc va cong n g h ^ CO b u o c chuyen bien tich cue Giao d u e va dao tao CO b u o c phat trien m o i ca 10 I 'Iff i chiic Bi t h u thii nha't H ciia Dang 4) Dai hpi Tir 14 den Da de duong loi xay dyng chii nghia xa Ian thii IV 20 - 12 - hpi pham vi ca nude, duong loi chung 1976 each mang xa hpi chii nghia va dudng loi xay dyng kinh te thai ki qua dp Dai hpi quyet dinh phuang hudng, nhi?m vy va mye tieu ciia ke hoach Nha nude 'J nam (1976 - 1980), la xay dung xa hpi chu nghia, nham hai mye tieu ca ban: xay dung Thao luan va quyet djnh nhieu chinh sach mot bmc ca sa vat chat - ki thuat cua chu nghta CO ban ve cong tac xay dung va ciing co xa hoi, bmc dau hinh ca cd'u kinh temai I AC cong nghiep Ian den - - d u o n g loi d o i m o i , de chii t r u o n g , nhiem 1996 vu n h i e m k i m o i nghicp vd cdi thien mot thii' VIII Khang d j n h tiep tuc n i m vCrng hai n h i e m v u chien luge xay d y n g va bao v ^ to quoe Da d a n h gia t i n h h i n h dat nuoc, kiem Tix 15 den d i e m s u lanh dao ciia D a n g , vai tro quan l i Ian t h u V I 18 - 12 - cua N h a nuac t r o n g thap k i dau ca nuoc d i 1986 len chu nghla xa h p i , t u d o xac d j n h n h i e m xa hoi chii nghla De p h u o n g h u o n g , n h i e m v u , m u c tieu L v u , m u c tieu ciia each m a n g t r o n g thai k i T h a i k i l i c h sii K h i n g d j n h tiep tuc d u o n g loi chung each tranh chong thuc dan, p h o n g kien t r o n g p h o n g trao each d u n g k i n h te xa hoi chu nghla d o cac dai I'i) 1930- hoi I V va V cua D a n g de hoi t r o n g t h o i k i qua d o tiep tuc d u o c cu the ji Phong trao da the hien d u g c vai tro lanh dao ciia D a n g thuc tien dau tranh each m a n g The hien d u g c sue s/ hoa tren ca so nang cao n h a n thuc ve dac m a n h ciia lien m i n h eong - nong up d i e m t h o i k i qua d o len chu nghla xa hoi D a y la eugc dien tap Ian dau tien chuan bj cho Cach ro tap t r u n g sue m a n g thang Tam n a m 1945 /g can om n g u a i , sue cua thuc hien bang d u g c nhiem tevd c v u , m u c tieu cua Ba chimng tnnh kinh p h o n g trao Da tong ket, d a n h gia viee thuc h i ^ n ce Den thang - 1935, sau k h i p h o n g trao each m a n g d u g c d u o n g l o i d o i m o i cua D a i hoi V I , de chu fa phuc h o i D a n g ta tien hanh D a i hgi Ian t h u nha't de eiing t r u o n g , nhiem v u n h a m ke thua, phat huy C O to chuc D a n g va vaeh p h u o n g h u o n g lanh dao, w - nhCrng t u u , u u d i e m da dat dugc; chuan bj cho m o t p h o n g trao each m a n g m o i k h i c phuc nhCrng kho khan, ye'u k e m mac T r u o e n h i i n g bien doi ciia t i n h h i n h the g i o i va t r o n g phai t r o n g b u o c dau d o i m o i Q u y e t d j n h m o t so van de ve chien luge lau d a i D o la t h o n g qua " C u o n g ITnh xay d u o i su lanh dao ciia Dang, cac chien sT cgng san va quan c h i i n g nhan dan van kien t r i dau tranh de hoi phuc ww 1991 27 - 1935 bo xud't khd'u Mac dau bj thuc dan Phap dan ap, k h i i n g bo n h u n g 5) 1932- ok luang thuc, thuc pham, hang tieu dung vd hang m a n g 1930 - 1931 ma d i n h cao la X6 viet N g h ^ - T i n h dan Phap va p h o n g kien tay sai Ta 1990, 1931 Phong trao da giang m o t d o n quyet liet vao bgn thuc De d u o n g loi xay d u n g chu nghla xa den n a m V a i tro l a n h dao ciia D a n g Vifa m o i d o i D a n g da lanh dao nhan dan ta dau m a n g xa hoi chu nghla va d u o n g loi xay 1986 k e h o a c h k i n h te - xa hgi n a m 1996 - 2000 « V a i tro l a n h dao ciia D a n g d o i v o i t h a n g I g i ciia each m a n g V i f t N a m doi m o i Viet N a m T r u o c mat, t r o n g n a m tir nam iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / 5) D a i h o i Ian t h u V I I hifn T u lao dgng Tir 24 den dat n u o c thuc 7) Dai hoi bif&c dffi so'nng k h o khan to Ion cua dat nuoc D a n g de ^ix d u o n g loi d o i m o i da't nuoc D u o n g 16'i dug'c the hien Ta up ro cua s/ dat n u o c da t u n g buoc v u g t qua k h i i n g hoang va tie'p Tat cd cdc sif kien tren chi'mg to ran^, vai trb lanh dao IK /g Dang Id nhan toquyel dinh moi thdng loi cua cdch mang Viet om Nam .c 1911 den nam 1920 nuoc ciia A n g i e r i , Maroc, T u y n i d i N g u y e n Ai Quoc lap Hoi lien hiep thuoc dia Pari de tap h o p tat ca n h i r n g n g u o i dan thuoc dia song tren da't Phap C o q u a n ngon luan ciia H o i la bao Ngirai cung kho N g u o i vie't nhieu bai cho cac bao Nhan dao, Dai cong nhan song va dac biet la cuon Ban an chedo thuc dan Phdp Quoc b i mat r o i nuoc ok bo 1923) N g u o i lai Lien X6, vira nghien c u u , hoc tap, vie't bai cho bao Su that ciia D a n g Cong san L i e n X6, tap chi Thu tin duomg cuu nuoc dung dan: Ian t h u V (1924), N g u y e n Ai w fa Quoc tecua Quoc te'Cgng san Tai D a i hoi Q u o c te'cpng san Quoc t r i n h bay lap t r u o n g CUQC q u a n d i e m ciia m i n h ve v j t r i chien luge ciia each m a n g cac hanh t r i n h t i m d u o n g c u u nuoc C u o i nam 1912 N g u o i d i n u o c thugc dja, ve m o i quan h f giira p h o n g trao cong nhan M I , cuoi n a m 1913 tir M I t r o ve A n h N a m 1917, Cach m a n g a cac n u o c de quoc v o i p h o n g trao each m a n g cac n u o c t h a n g M u o i Nga b u n g no va thang l o i N g u y e n A i Q u o c r o i thuoc dia N g a y 11 - 11 - 1924, N g u y e n Ai Quoc den Q u a n g L u a n D o n ( A n h ) ve Pari (Phap) N g u o i t h a m gia boat d o n g Chau ( T r u n g Quoc) Thang - 1925, N g u y e n Ai Quoc t r o n g p h o n g trao cong nhan Phap va t i m hieu ve Cach lap H o i Vi?t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien de t r u y e n ba c h i i m a n g thang M u o i N g a N g a y - - 9 , thay mMt n h i r n g nghia Mac - L e n i n ve Viet N a m n g u o i V i ^ t N a m yeu nuoc t^ii Phap, N g u y e n A i Quoc giri 200 c i m g v o i m o t so' n g u o i yeu * Tim duang cuu nuoc, den vai chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tint N g a y - - 1 , r o i ben cang N h a R o n g bat dau Tir nam 1925 te C p n g san va lap D a n g Cong san Phap N a m 1921, Phap sang L i e n X6 d u Hoi nghi Quoc te'Nong dan (Thang 10 - ce Su ki^n ww T h o i gian 1945 1920 (1925) T h a n g - 1923, N g u y e n Ai 6, Nhirng cong hien to Ion cua Nguyen A i Quoc - Ho C h i m i n h doi voi lich s u dan tpc ta tu nam 1911 den nam nam den n a m t r o n g N g h j quyet Dai hpi Ian t h u V I (12 - 1986) N h o vay, tuc tien len Ban 201 -ujy r/vrm TvnvT'TTTTKnangyTVT * Xay dung hau phucmg nhung nam 1948 - 1950: N h a n dan m i e n N a m Viet N a m t u quyet d j n h t u o n g lai c h i n h t r j t h o n g qua tong tuyen cir t u do, k h o n g c6 s u can Ve chinh tri: D a u n a m 9 , C h i n h p h u quyet d j n h to chuc bau c u Hoi dong thiep cua nuoc ngoai nhan dan va Uy ban khang chien hanh chinh cac cap T h a n g - 9 , M a t tran V i ^ t H a i m i e n N a m - Bac Viet N a m se t h u o n g l u p n g ve vi^c M i n h va H g i L i e n Vi?t quyet d i n h tien toi t h o n g nhat hai to chuc t h o n g nhat da't nuoc k h o n g c6 sy can thi^p cua nuoc ngoai Vekinh de'quoc, bgn p h a n d g n g iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / no, chia lai r u g n g da't cong, tam cap r u g n g dat v a n g chii, r u g n g da't cap t u tay Cac ben cong nhan thyc te m i e n N a m V i ^ t N a m c6 hai c h i n h q u y e n , hai quan d o i , hai v u n g k i e m soat va ba luc C o n g n g h i e p va t h u cong nghi^p phat trien theo q u y m o n h o va p h a n tan, l u g n g chinh t r i (luc l u g n g each mang, luc l u g n g hoa b i n h chu t r g n g cong nghiep dja p h u o n g va cong nghiep quoc p h o n g , dap u n g n h u t r u n g lap va luc l u g n g chinh q u y e n Sai Gon) cau can thie'l ye'u cua d o i song va chien d a u H o a K i cam ket gop phan vao vi^c han gan vet t h u o n g Tren mat tran van hod, gido due: N a m , tai H g i nghj v a n hoa toan quo'c, chien t r a n h Viet N a m va D o n g D u o n g tien t o i thiet lap Tong Bi t h u T r u o n g C h i n h dgc bao cao chu nghia Mdc va van de van hod Viet q u a n he m o i , b i n h dang va cung c6 Igi giira hai nuoc Nam, Uiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam la thang lai cua su ke\ gim Phong trao " B i n h dan hgc v u " va giao due p h o t h o n g cac cap d u g c d u y t r i ket qua cua cuoc dau tranh kien cuang, bat khud't cua quan dan ta va phat t r i e n T h a n g - , C h i n h p h u de chii t r u o n g cai each giao due Ta a hai mien da't nuoc, mo buac ngoqt mai cua cuoc khang chien t h o n g ro Voi Hiep dinh Pari, Mi phdi cong nhan cac quyen dan tgc co /g Do Id thang loi dan ta tick om lich sie quan trong, tqo thai ca thuqn lai denhdn ok c len gidi phong todn mien Nam bo Cong tac xay dimg hau phuong khang chien chong Phap va chong MI ce -1954) fa a) Khang chien chong Phdp (1945 -1947 w * Xay dung hau phucmg nhitng nam 1946 ww Ve chinh tri, C h i n h p h i i quyet d i n h chia ca nuoc k h u h a n h chinh Cac l i y ban h a n h chinh chuyen Uy ban khang chien hanh chinh de thuc hien n h i e m v u k h a n g chien va kien quoc M a t tran d a n tgc t h o n g nhat dugc m o rgng, lap H g i Lien H i e p quoc dan Viet N a m (Lien Viet) Ve kinh te, C h i n h p h i i de cac c h i n h sach n h a m d u y t r i va phat trien san xuat, truoc he't la san xuat l u o n g thuc hod, p h o n g trao b i n h dan hoc v u tiep tuc d u g c d u y t r i va phat trien T r u o n g t h o n g cac cap d u g c xay d u n g Viec cham soc sue khoe cho nhan dan d u g c chu t r o n g up s/ cho'ng Ml cuu nu&c cua dan toe ban cm nhan dan ta, phai rut he't quan venudc neu ro nen v a n hoa m o i each m a n g Viet N a m d u g c xay d u n g theo p h u o n g cham: D a n tgc - Khoa hgc - D a i c h i i n g dau tranh quan su dau tranh chinh tri va dau tranh ngoai giao, la Vevdn te: C h i n h p h u cac sac l?nh g i a m to % , g i a m tuc, hoan n g , xoa H a i ben tien hanh trao tra tu b i n h va d a n t h u o n g bj bSt * Xay dung hau phucmg nhung nam 1951 -1953: Ve chinh tri: T u den - - , D a i hgi toan quoc t h o n g nhat M a t tran Viet M i n h va H g i L i e n V i ^ t m o t mat t r a n d u y nhat, lay ten la Mat tran Lien hiep quoc dan Viet Nam ( M a t tran L i e n Vi$t) Ngay 1 - - 1951, lap Lien minh nhan dan Viet - Mien - Lao n h a m tang c u o n g h o n nCra t i n h doan ket giCra n h a n dan ba nuoc t r o n g cuoc dau t r a n h chong ke t h u c h u n g la thuc dan Phap va can thiep M I Phong trao t h i dua yeu n u o c cang an sau, Ian r g n g t r o n g cac nganh, cac g i o i l a m n o n h i e u d o n v i , ca nhan u u t u N g a y - - , D a i hgi anh h u n g va chien sT t h i d u a toan quoc Ian t h i i nhat da tong ket, bieu d u o n g tich cua p h o n g trao t h i dua quoc va bau chgn anh h u n g D o la: CM Chinh Lan, La Van Cau, Nguyen Quoc Tri, Nguyen Thi Chien, Ngd Gia Khdm, Tran Dai Nghia, Hodng Hanh Vekinh te: N a m , C h i n h p h u de cuoc v a n d g n g san xuat va t h u c hanh tiet k i ^ m Cugc v a n d g n g da l o i cuon m g i nganh, m g i g i o i t h a m gia San xuat t h u cong n g h i e p va cong nghiep ve co ban dap i m g n h u cau ve cong cu san xuat n h i r n g m a t hang thiet yeu cua d o i song D i d o i v o i day manh san xuat, Chinh p h i i de n h i m g chinh sach nham chan chinh che thue'khoa, xay d u n g nen tai chinh, ngan hang, t h u o n g nghiep " * Xay dung hau phuong mien Bac nhitng nam 1961 -1965: De b o i d u o n g sue dan, nha't la nong dan, dau n a m 1953 D a n g va C h i n h p h u Trong thai gian nay, mien BSc thue hi^n ke'hoach Nha nuoc nam (1961 -1965) quyet d j n h phat d p n g quan c h i i n g t r i f t de giam to va cai each r u p n g da't T u thang - 1953 den thang - 1954, ta thuc h i ^ n d g t g i a m to va m g t dgt N h i e m v u eo ban eiia ke'hoach nam la sue phat trien eong nghiep va n o n g eai each r u p n g da't a 53 xa thuoe v i i n g t u Thai N g u y e n , Thanh Hoa Deh nghiep, tie'p tuc cong eupe eai tao xa h p i ehii nghla, cung eo va tang c u a n g euol n a m 1953, t u L i e n K h u I V t r o ra, each m a n g da t a m cap eho n o n g dan phan k i n h te quo'e d o a n h , eai thien m p t buoe d o i song vat chat va van 184.000ha r u o n g da't hoa cua nhan dan lao d p n g , c u n g eo quoc p h o n g , tang c u a n g trat t u va an n i n h Ve van hod, gido due, y te: Ta tie'p tuc euoe eai each giao due ( t u n a m 1950) xa h p i iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / thue h i ^ n theo ba p h u a n g cham: phuc vu khdng ehie'n, phue vu dan sink, phuc vu Ve k i n h te: N g a n h cong nghiep dupe u u tien dau t u xay d u n g N o n g sdn xud't, gan nha t r u o n g v o l d o i song xa hoi Van n g h | si hang hai t h a m nhap nghiep, t u n a m 1961, cae dia p h u a n g thue hien ehii t r u o n g xay d u n g h p p tae m o i m a t eua d o i song, ehien dau va san xua't, h u o n g u n g l a i day eiia H o Chi xa san xua't n o n g nghiep bac cao M i n h "Khdng ehien hod van hod va van hod khdng ehie'n" T h u o n g nghiep quo'e d o a n h dupe N h a n u a e u u tien phat t r i e n nen da chie'm Cong tae van d o n g ve sinh p h o n g b?nh, thue h i ^ n d o i song m o i , bai t r u me l i n h t h i t r u o n g , g o p phan phat trien k i n h te C l i n g eo'quan h$ san xua't m o i , on t i n d j doan eang eo t i n h chat quan c h i i n g r o n g Ion C o n g tae cham lo sue d i n h va eai t h i ^ n d o i song n h a n dan khoe eho nhan dan d u p e coi t r p n g B^nh v i f n , benh xa, p h o n g y te, t r a m euu T r o n g giao t h o n g : H ^ tho'ng giao t h o n g d u o n g bp, d u o n g sat, d u o n g lien t h u o n g d u p e xay d u n g khap n o i t i n h , lien h u y ^ n , d u a n g song, d u o n g hang k h o n g d u p e c i i n g c6' Viee d i lai * Tdc dung cua hqu phuctng nhung nam 1951 -1953: t r o n g n u a e va giao t h o n g quo'e te'thuan Ipi h o n up d i n h den thang I p i eua ehien t r u o n g true tie'p gop phan vao thang I p i tren mat s/ ehie'n gianh thang Ipi euo'i eiing H a u p h u a n g la nhan to' t h u o n g xuyen quyet Ta C u n g cap day d i i , k i p t h a i sue n g u o i va sue eua de d a m bao eho eupe khang ro tran quan s u t r o n g nhi>ng nam 1951 - 1953; Chien eupe D o n g - X u a n 1953 - /g 1954 va ehien djeh Ijeh sir D i ^ n Bien P h i i om D a p u n g n h u eau bue thie't eiia eupe khang chien, day m a n h s u n g h i ^ p quoc c p h o n g , tao tien de (chinh quyen, eo so k i n h te, van hoa xa hpi) de tie'n len ehii ok nghla xa h p i sau bo b) Khdng chien chong Mi (1954 -1975) ce * Xay dung hau phuang mien Bac nhicng nam 1954 -1960: w k i n h te'va han gan vet t h u o n g ehie'n tranh fa Sau k h i hoa b i n h lap lai, m i e n BSe tien hanh cai each r u p n g da't, k h o i phuc Ve giao due, y te: H e tho'ng giao due t u p h o thong den dai hpe phat trien m a n h H ^ t h o n g y te, cham lo sue khoe d u p e dau t u phat trien N h u n g loai djch b ^ n h m i e n Bae eo ban d u p e xoa bo * Xay dung hau phuong mien Bac nhitng nam 1965 -1968: T r o n g t h o i gian nay, m i e n Bac v u a c6 hoa b i n h , v u a phai d o i d a u v o i eupe chien tranh pha hoai Ian t h u nha't eiia MT Mae dau vay, m i e n Bac v a n l a m nghla v u hau p h u o n g I a n ciia k h a n g ehie'n chong MT euu nuoc, m i e n Bae l u o n h u d n g ve m i e n N a m V i m i e n N a m rupt thit, m i e n Bac p h a n d a u " M o i nguoi Idm viec bdng hai" V i tien tuye'n keu gpi, hau p h u o n g s i n sang danh d a p lai "Thoc khdng thieu mot can, quan khdng thieu mot nguoi" Tuye'n d u o n g van ehuyen chien lupc Bac - N a m m a n g ten H P C h i M i n h tren chu nghla tren cae ITnh vue cpng nhi^p, thii eong nghiep, t h u o n g n g h i f p nho, cong bp (dpe day n i i i T r u o n g Son) va tren bien (doc theo b o bien) bat dau khai thong t u t h u o n g nghiep t u ban t u doanh, khau chinh la h o p tae hoa nong nghiep thang -1959, dai hang nghin cay s6^ da noi lien hau p h u o n g v o i tien tuyeh ww T r o n g n h i r n g nam 1958 - 1960, m i e n Bac thue h i ^ n eong eupe eai tao xa hpi Ke't qua cai tao la da xoa bo eo ban che'dp n g u o i boe Ipt n g u o i , c6 tae d y n g Qua hai tuye'n d u o n g van ehuyen chien lupc do, t r o n g n a m (1965 - 1968) thue day san xua't phat trien, nha't la t r o n g dieu k i ^ n ehien tranh, h p p tae xa da m i e n BMc da d u a h o n 300.000 can bp, bp d p i vap m i e n N a m t h a m gia ehien bao d a m d o i song vat chat, t i n h than eho n h i r n g n g u o i d i chien d a u , phyc d a u , phuc v u ehie'n da'u, xay d u n g k i n h te, v a n hoa tai cae v i m g giai p h o n g , va v u ehie'n d a u cGng da g u i vao N a m hang ehyc van tan via k h i , dan dupe, quan trang, quan D o n g t h o i v o i n h i ^ m v u cai tao xa h p i chu nghla, eong n g h i f p quo'e doanh d u n g , xang d a u , l u o n g thue, thuc p h a m , thuoe men va n h i e u vat d y n g khae dupe u u tien dau t u xay d u n g Den nam 1960, m i e n Bae eo 172 x i nghiep Ion T i n h c h u n g sue n g u o i , sue eiia t u m i e n Bae d i u y e n vao N a m t r o n g n a m da T r u n g u o n g q u a n l i , tren 500 x i nghiep dia p h u o n g quan l i tang gap 10 Ian so v o i t h o i k i truoe 214 * Xdy dung hau phuong mien Bac nhihtg nam 1969 - 1973: ^harLJ: Tren k h p m i e n Bac day len p h o n g trao t h i dua hgc tap, cong tac, lao d p n g san xua't, n h m t r u o c he't k h o i phuc va phat trien k i n h te - xa h p i I Trong nong nghiep, chan nuoi duoc dua len nganh chinh Cac hgp tac xa SO THE QIOI H E N D A I N H U N G V A N D E ZQ B A N C U A L I C H S U T H E G I O I H I E N D A I I tich eye ap d u n g tien bo khoa hoc k l thuat, nhieu bien phap tham canh tang v u LICH (tu ndm 1917 den ndm 1945) I, C A C H M A N G T H A N G MLfCJI N G A N A M 1917 T r o n g cong nghiep, nhieu ca so cong nghiep t r u n g u a n g va dja p h u o n g tan VA CONG CUQC XAY D l / N G C H U N G H I A XA HQI LIEN X pha d u p e k h o i phuc nhanh chong N h i e u cong t r i n h d a n g l a m dang d o dupe , He thong giao thong van tai, nha't la cac t u y e n giao t h o n g ehien lupe, bj pha iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / T i n h hinh nuoc Nga truoc each mang u u tien dau t u xay d u n g tiep, d u a vao hoat d p n g D a u the k i XX, N g a van la m o t nuoc quan ehu chuyen che, d u n g dau la N g a hoang N i c o l a i I I Su ton tai ciia che dp quan chu va nhi>ng tan tich phong kien hoai nang ne d u p e khan t r u o n g k h o i phuc k i m h a m nang ne s y phat trien ciia chii nghla t u ban N g a N a m 1914, Nga Van hod, giao due, y te, cCing nhanh chong d u p e k h o i phuc va phat trien D o i hoang da day nhan dan N g a vao eupc chien tranh de'quoc, gay nen n h i i n g hau song n h a n d a n on d j n h T r o n g k h i m i e n Bac tap t r u n g xay d u n g hau p h u o n g t h i M l tien hanh eupc qua n g h i e m t r p n g cho dat nuoc Phong trao phan d o i chien t r a n h , d o i lat d o chien t r a n h pha hoai Ian t h u hai, m i e n Bac phai v u a san xua't v u a chong ehien che d p N g a hoang Ian r p n g khap nuoc C h i n h phu N g a hoang cang tranh pha hoai cua M l to bat lye, k h o n g eon kha nang tiep tuc t h o n g t r i d u p e nvta N u o c Nga da T r o n g d i e u k i e n t u o n g d o i hoa b i n h , ca t r o n g chien t r a n h pha hoai, mien tien sat tai m o t eupc each m a n g Bac da tap t r u n g I a n kha nang ve lue l u p n g va p h u o n g tien de khae phuc k i p Cach mang thang H a i nam.1917 Ta t h o i hau qua ciia nhij-ng tran d a n h pha ae liet, v u p t qua nhi>ng eupc bao vay Cach m a n g dan chii t u san thang hai bat dau t u thang - M o dau la -1975: /g * Xay dung hau phuong mien Bac nhihtg nam 1973 ro Campuchia eupc bieu t i n h 23 - ciia van nvt cong nhan o t h u d o Petorograt N g a y up va ehi v i ^ n theo yeu cau cua tien t u y e n m i e n N a m , c6 ca chien t r u o n g Lao va s/ p h o n g toa gat gao cua djch, bao d a m tiep nhan tot hang v i e n t r p t u ben ngoai om H i ^ p d j n h Pari n a m 1973 ve Viet N a m , q u a n M I bupe p h a i r i i t k h o i nuoe ta, 27 - 2, phong trao nhanh chong Ian rpng toan va chuyen t u tong bai cong c h i n h t r j sang k h o i nghla v i i trang Quan k h o i nghia chie'm d u p e cae cong so, bat cac t u o n g ta eiia N g a hoang Che d p quan chii chuyen che'sup d o T i n thang Ipi ciia eupc k h o i nghla o thii da bay nhanh k h p t r o n g nuoc lai hoa b i n h , tien h a n h khae phuc hau qua ehien tranh, k h o i phuc va phat trien Chi t r o n g v o n g ngay, tren p h a m v i ca nuoc, quan c h i i n g n h a n dan da v i i n g k i n h te - xa h p i , sue ehi v i ^ n eho tien t u y e n m i e n N a m day lat d o che d p cij N u o c Nga t r o nuoc cong hoa bo ok c l a m thay d o i so sanh lue l u p n g m i e n N a m eo I p i eho each m a n g M i e n Bac tro ce Sau hai n a m (1973 -1974),ve eo ban m i e n Bac k h o i phuc x o n g eae eo so k i n h fa te, cac h0 t h o n g t h u y nong, m a n g l u o i giao thong, cae cong t r i n h van hoa, giao w dye, y te, k i n h te'co buoc phat trien ww D e n cuoi n a m 1974, san xua't cong nghiep, n o n g nghiep tren m o t so'mat tran q u a n t r o n g da dat v u p t m u c n a m 1964 va n a m 1971 la hai n a m dat m u c cao nha't t r o n g 20 n a m xay d u n g ehii nghla xa hpi a m i e n Bac T h u c h i ^ n nghia v u hau p h u o n g , t r o n g hai n a m 1973 - 1974, mien BSc d u a vao chien t r u o n g m i e n N a m , Campuchia, Lao gan 20 v a n bp d p i , hang van t h a n h nien x u n g phong, can bp chuyen m o n , nhan k l thuat d p t xua't t r o n g hai thang dau n a m 1975 M i e n Bac gap r i i t d u a vao m i e n N a m 57.000 bp d p i ( t r o n g t o n g so 108.000 bp d p i cua ke'hoaeh d p n g v i e n 1975) Cach m a n g dan chii t u san thang H a i thang I p i T u y nhien, m o t tinh h i n h chinh t r j phuc tap chua t u n g eo da dien nuoc N g a D o la t i n h trang hai chinh q u y e n song song ton tai H a i chinh quyen dai dien cho I p i ich ciia cac giai cap khae n h a u nen k h o n g the cung ton tai T r u o c t i n h h i n h do, L e n i n Va Dang Bonsevich da ehuan bj ke'hoaeh tiep tuc lam each m a n g , lat d o C h i n h phii t u san lam t h o i Cach mang thang Mucri Nga nam 1917 a) Qua trinh chuyen tu Cach mang thang Hai sang Cach mang thang Mucri Sau Cach m a n g thang H a i , nuoc N g a xua't hien tinh trang ehinh quyen Song song ton tai: C h i n h phii lam thai ciia giai cap t u san va X6 vie't dai bieu Ve vat chat - k l thuat, m i e n BSc da eo n h i r n g no l y c p h i t h u o n g , dap u n g Cong nhan va b i n h l i n h Sau k h i nMm d u p e chinh quyen, C h i n h phii lam thai da day d i i va k i p t h o i n h u cau to Ian va cap bach ciia eupc t o n g tien cong chien khong giai quye't n h u n g van de da hua truoc d o n h u v a n de r u p n g dat ciia lupe m i e n N a m on N g a y thang 7, h a n 500.000 nhan d a n Petorograt x u o n g d u o n g bieu t i n h n o n g dan, vi#c l a m cho cong nhan, tinh trang thie'u l u o n g t h y c va nhat la quy^j theo d u o i chien tranh d e q u o c den ciing (Joi c h u y e n giao c h i n h quyen ve tay X6 viet n h u n g C h i n h p h i i l a m t h o i da t u T r o n g hoan canh d o , lanh t u cua dang Lenin tix T h u y ST t r a ve Phan Lan cho'i va l ^ n h cho b i n h l i n h ban vao doan bieu t i n h Sau d o , C h i n h p h i i l a m thang n a m 1917 da nhan diroc s y l i n g hp rat I a n ciia nhan da,^ thoi tien hanh d a n ap va bat cac dang vien Bosevich Cac nha i n pha h i i y va bao b i cam xua't ban C h u n g lenh t r u y na Lenin de d u a toa, cac d o n v j each m a n g bj t u o c k h i g i d i hoac bj day m a t tran T i r do, t r o n g thang 7, t i n h nay" Ban bao cao da d i vao Ijch s u v o i ten g p i "Luan c u o n g thang T u " chj trang hai c h i n h q u y e n song song ton tai ke't thue v o i thang I p i thupe ve giai cap d u o n g chuyen t u each m a n g d a n chii t u san sang each m a n g xa hoi elm tusan iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / Petorograt N g a y thang n a m 1917, Lenin dpc m o t bai phat bieu quan t r o n ^ CO nhan de "NhCrng n h i e m v u ciia giai cap v san t r o n g cupc each m a n g hi{>,^ nghla L e n i n chi ro rang can cham d u t t i n h trang c h i n h q u y e n song song td,^ T r u o c tinh h i n h d o , tir 26 thang den thang 8, D a n g Bosevich da tai bang each chuyen giao c h i n h quyen ve tay eac x6 viet: "Dieu dpc dao tronp hpp D a i h p i V I de d a n h gia tinh h i n h va vach sach luoc da'u tranh D a i h p i t h a i sv n u a e N g a c h i n h la buoc qua d p t u giai doan t h u nhat ciia each mang la chi ro phai chuan bj chuyen sang k h o i nghTa v u trang de gianh c h i n h quyen giai doan da d e m lai c h i n h q u y e n cho giai cap t u san tien len giai doan t h u hai Dai h p i c u n g ehii t r u a n g t a m t h a i n i t bo khau hieu "Tat ca c h i n h q u y e n ve tay ciia each m a n g la giai doan phai d e m l a i c h i n h q u y e n cho giai cap v san va X6 viet" L e n i n r i i t ve hoat d p n g b i mat Ve phia C h i n h p h u l a m thoi, C h i n h cho n h u n g tang l o p ngheo t r o n g n o n g dan" Ve p h u a n g p h a p da'u tranh, Lenin p h i i lien hiep d u a Kerenski, l a n h t y dang Mensevich len l a m t h i i t u o n g a m viet: " V u k h i t r o n g tay nhan dan, k h o n g c6 s u c u o n g b u c nao t u ben ngoai m u u thie't lap che'dp dpc tai quan sy d o i v o i nhan dan, d o la thue chat cua s u vat D i e u d o cho phep va bao dam ' • T r o n g hoan canh d o , L e n i n phat d p n g quan c h i i n g danh tan cupc n o i loan phat trien va hoa b i n h cua each mang" T u y nhien, Lenin cijng chi ro phai san Ta uy t i n ciia D a n g Bosevich tie'p tuc dang cao N h a n d a n d a n d a n thay the cac dai bieu D a n g Mensevich va Xa h p i each m a n g bSng cac d a i bieu Bosevich t r o n g up De bay to s u l i n g hp dang Bonsevich, Quoc te Lao dpng 18 thang (1- 5) dong t h o i vach m a t c h i n h p h i i Kerenski d o do, sau k h i cupc n o i loan b i d a p t i t , s/ sang chuyen sang k h o i nghla v u trang m o t k h i hoan canh thay d o i cac x6 viet N g a y 31 thang 8, X6 viet Petorograt va sau d o thang 9, X t r u a n g ngoai giao ciia C h i n h p h i i l a m t h o i giri cong h a m cho cac nuoc p! viet M a t x e o v a da t h o n g qua eac nghj quye't cua D a n g Bonsevich va chuan b i H i ^ p uoc cam ke't theo d u o i chien tranh d e n cung gay s u p h a n n p t r o n g d khoi nghla v u t r a n g g i a n h lai c h i n h quyen om /g ro n a m 1917, cong nhan N g a bieu t i n h d o i hoa b i n h , d a n chu T r o n g k h i bo N g a y 7-10, L e n i n tir Phan L a n ve Petorograt, t r y e tie'p chi dao each mang van nhan d a n N g a x u o n g d u o n g bieu t i n h hoa binh, g i o cao k h a u h i ^ u "Tat Cupc k h o i nghla bat d a u d e m 24 - 10 (6 -11) Cac d p i Can v? da n h a n h ok c chiing D u o i s u l a n h dao ciia dang Bosevich, 20 va 21 thang 4, hang ch; chong chie'm d u a c n h i r n g v j t r i then chot a t h u D e m 25 -10 (7 - 11), quan tinh lam cho Chinh p h i i t u san lam thoi k h u n g hoang N g a y thang (15 - 5) k h o i nghla c h i e m c u n g d i ^ n M i i a D o n g C h i n h p h i i t u san l a m t h a i sup truae ap l y e ciia quan chiing, bp t r u o n g ngoai giao va b p t r u a n g chien tranh Tie'p theo thang I p i Petorograt, c h i n h quyen X viet d u p e lap phai tir chiifc N g a y thang 5, C h i n h p h i i lam t h o i tien hanh cai to va K Matxeova D a u n a m 1918, each m a n g xa h p i chii nghla g i a n h d u p e thang l a i c h i n h p h u lien hiep tang them so g h e c h o cac dang thoa t h i ^ p tren da't n u a e N g a rpng Idn ww w fa ce bo chinh q u y e n ve tay X6 viet", "Hoa b i n h , r u p n g da't, banh m i " N h i r n g cupc b i t - b) V nghia Ijch sti' cua Cdch mang thang Muai Nga N g a y 18 thang (1 - 7), dang Mensevich va Xa hpi each m a n g da a m m u u to chire m o t cupc bieu tinh quan chiing de bieu d u a n g l y e l u p n g n h u n g dang I Bosevich da t h a m gia cupc bieu tinh va bien no cupc bieu tinh iing ,da't n y o c va so phan ciia hang trieu n g u o i Nga M o t k i n g u y e n m o i da hp d u o n g 16'i d a n g Bonsevich v o i cac khau h i ^ u : "Da dao chien tranh", "Tat ca Mo cho Ijch sir nude Nga: Giai cap cong nhan, nhan d a n lao d p n g va eac d a n chinh q u y e n ve tay cac x6 viet" N g o a i m a t tran, cupc tan cong ciia quan Ng'^ tpc d u p e giai p h d n g k h o i m p i ach ap hue, hoc Ipt, d i r n g len l a m chii da't nude theo l ^ n h ciia C h i n h p h i i l a m t h o i vao lien quan Due, A o - H u n g that bai nang Cach m a n g thang M y o i N g a thSng Ipi da l a m thay d o i hoan toan v a n m ? n h | y a van m ^ n h ciia m i n h ne v o i 60.000 b i n h l i n h N g a bj bat va gie't T i n that bai gay s y cam p h a n va bat b i n h rat Ion t r o n g nhan d a n Nga 218 iih '''10 ty INHH MI y LWH RtiShg Vlfit T h a n g IQ'I cua Cach m a n g thang M u o i da l a m thay d o i eye di§n the g i a i c6 troc, c u u dan Sau n h i e u n a m bon ba hai ngoai, den n a m 1920, sau k h i doc v u m a n h me va de lai nhieu bai hoc quy gia cho p h o n g trao each m a n g ciia gigj fga thao L u a n c u o n g ciia L e n i n ve van de d a n tpc va thupc dja, N g u y e n A i cap cong nhan, nhan d a n lao d o n g va cac dan toe bj ap buc tren toan the'gioi Quoc da t i m d u o n g c u u n u o c cho dan tpc Viet N a m N g u o i da quyet Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga 1917 duoc d a n h gia la m p t s u ki?n lich sir vT t^m d i theo Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga, d i theo d u o n g each m a n g v6 san dai nhat t r o n g lich s u n u o c N g a va Ijch su nhan loai t h e k i XX: Sau k h i da t i m den chii nghla Mac - Lenin, N g u y e n A i Q u o c sire hoat Cach m a n g thang M u o i d u a den viec lap N h a n u o c xa hpi chii nghTa dpng de t r u y e n ba chii nghla Mac - L e n i n ve Vi^t N a m T h a n g n a m 1925, d a u tien tren the'gioi, co y nghla to Ion d o i v o i nuoc N g a va the'gioi iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / [sjguyen A i Q u o c t h a n h lap H p i Vi^t N a m Cach m a n g T h a n h nien Tai cac l o p Ddi voi nuoc N ^ a , no m o m o t k i n g u y e n m o i cho n u o c Nga, l a m thay d o i hua'n l u y ? n cho to ehire nay, N g u y e n A i Quoc da t r u y e n ba t u t u o n g cua chii v a n m ^ n h da't n u o c va so phan hang trieu n g u o i Nga Day la Ian dau tien nghla Mae - L e n i n va t u t u o n g ciia Cach m a n g thang M u o i N g a cho nhOng t r o n g Ijch su, giai cap cong nhan, nhan dan lao d o n g va cac d a n toe d u o c gjai vien ciia H p i , t r o n g dac b i f t l u u y den k i n h n g h i ^ m to chuc D a n g v phong, thoat k h o i m p i xieng xich no le, l a m chii van m e n h da't nuoc Su d o i san kieu m o i Nga cua nha n u o c xa hoi chii nghla da d u a nhan dan len n a m c h i n h q u y e n m o t Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga n a m 1917 anh h u o n g den Vi^t N a m t h o n g qua n u o c chie'm 1/6 d i e n ti'ch the'gioi Thanh nien Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga t r u o c he't de lai bai hoc k i n h n g h i ^ m biet p h o n g trao dau t r a n h gianh doc lap cua cac n u o c thupc dja va p h u thuoc quy gia cho each m a n g Viet N a m la, m u o n d u a each m a n g den thang Ipi Co v i i m a n h me phong trao each mang cvia giai cap cong nhan quoc te^ chi cho phai CO vai tro lanh dao ciia c h i n h dang giai cap v6 san, N g a la s u lanh dao hp d u o n g d i den thang Igi cuoc dau tranh chong chii nghla t u ban Ta d u o n g sach bao b i mat, t h o n g qua hoat d o n g ciia H p i Vi^t N a m each m a n g no c6 anh h u o n g den p h o n g trao each m a n g the gioi, dac Nga thang n a m 1930, N g u y e n A i Quoc sang lap D a n g C o n g san Viet N a m up c) Vai trd cua Lenin doi v&i thdng lot cua Cach mang thang Mucri ciia D a n g Bonsevich, d o L e n i n sang lap Tie'p nhan k i n h n g h i ^ m nen s/ Dd'i v&i the'gioi, Su d u n g ye'u to cua t h o i dai, bien t h o i co cho Cach m a n g thang M u o ro Sau k h i D a n g C p n g san V i f t N a m lap D a n g da lanh dao nhan d a n ta Nga L e n i n chii t r u o n g : "Bien chien tranh dequo'c t h a n h n p i chien each m a n g ' /g dau tranh giai p h o n g d a n tpc v a giai p h o n g giai cap d i theo d u o n g Cach K h a i thac the ye'u va ban chat ciia c h i n h p h u lam t h o i de co lap va tach ho om mang thang M u o i Nga: sir d u n g bao luc each m a n g de gianh c h i n h q u y e n ve k h o i nhan dan, the hien qua sach lupc " H o a b i n h - Banh m i - R u p n g da't" .c tay nhan dan; t h u e h i ^ n lien m i n h cong - nong, lay lien m i n h cong - n o n g l a m nong cot de doan ket cac luc l u p n g yeu n u o c n h a m d a u t r a n h c h o n g ke t h i i ok Thue hien each m a n g k h o n g n g u n g , la chu t r u o n g ehuyen Cach mang N h o d i theo Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga, d i theo d u o n g each m a n g v s a n , nen d u o i s u l a n h dao ciia Dang, nhan dan ta d a u t r a n h g i a n h thang Ipi ce trang de cuol c u n g "Tat ca c h i n h quyen ve tay cac x6 vie't" bo thang H a i sang Cach m a n g thang M u o i bang p h u o n g phap hoa b i n h va vu Cach mang thang Tarn nam 1945; thang Ipi chien djch D i ^ n Bien Phii fa Kha n a n g tap h o p d o n g dao quan c h u n g nhan dan de d a u t r a n h d a n h nam 1954 va thang Ipi cupc khang chien chong M i c u u nuoc nam 1975 w giai cap p h o n g kien va t u san, gianh chinh quyen ve tay giai cap v san Nam ww d) Anh huang cua Cach mang thdng Muoi Nga dot vai each mang Viet Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga la cupe each m a n g v san no r a v a gianh than^ V i a n u o c N g a n a m 1917 l a i co h a i c u p c e a c h m a n g ? I K/1 O Nga n a m 1917 da xay hai c u p c each mang, la Cach m a n g d a n chu t u Ipi dau tien tren t h e ' g i o i Day la cupe each m a n g d i theo d u o n g v san Vi I a n thang H a i va Cach m a n g xa hpi chii nghla thang M u o i So d l co hai c u p c vay, thang Ipi ciia Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga c u n g la thang Ipi cua pach m a n g v i : d u o n g each m a n g v san, cho nen Cach m a n g thang M u o i Nga co anh huong I rat Ion den p h o n g trao giai p h o n g dan tpc cac n u o c A, Phi, M I L a t i n h noi ^ o n g d a n Nga v o i che'dp p h o n g kien N g a hoang, giira giai cap v san v o i giai chung, dac b i ^ t la each m a n g V i ^ t N a m cap t u san, giua cac dan tpc t r o n g dequo'c Nga v o i cac de'quoe khae va che d p T r u o c s u k h i i n g hoang ve d u o n g loi c u u nuoc ciia cac bac tien bol, l a m cho each m a n g Viet N a m " d u o n g n h u n a m t r o n g d e m t o i , k h o n g co d u o n g r a " Luc nay, n g u o i t h a n h nien V i ^ t N a m - N g u y e n Tat T h a n h d i t i m d u o n g ciHi Vao dau t h e k i XX, d Nga van ton tai cac m a u t h u a n co ban: m a u t h u a n giira uan chii c i i n g v o i s u ton tai n h i r n g tan tich p h o n g kien lac hau da k i m ham s u hat trien ciia c h i i nghla t u ban Nga ch m a n g t r o n g va ngoai nuac N a m 1920, chie'n su cham d u t , N h a nuoc X6 Cach m a n g thang H a i n a m 1917 no la n h i r n g m a u t h u a n tren, song cupc each m a n g th3ng I p i lat d o che dp quan chu, N i c o l a i I I thoai v i m o i chi jg't d u p e bao v§ va giu v i i n g giai quyet d u p e m o t m a u t h u a n la giira n o n g dan v o i che d p p h o n g kien, i~ Thanh qua cua chinh quyen X6 viel d Nga: C h i n h quyen X6 viet da t h o n g qua cac m a u t h u a n khac van ton tai, d o i hoi phai tie'p tuc giai quyet M a t khac, l?nh hoa b i n h va Sac l?nh r u p n g da't Thue hien cac b i ^ n phap nhSm t h i i cupc Cach m a n g thang H a i t u y da lat che d p p h o n g k i e n N g a hoang, song jjgu tan tich ciia che d p p h o n g kien, xoa bo su phan b i ^ t dang cap, n h i i n g dac quyen ciia Giao h p i ; thue hien n a m n\x b i n h q u y e n T h a n h lap cac co q u a n eye d i e n c h i n h t r j dac biet d i e n N g a : hai chinh q u y e n song song t o n tai: {fung u o n g va cac x6 viet a eae dia p h u a n g ; c h i n h q u y e n t u san, dia chii cac iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / C h i n h p h u l a m t h a i cua giai cap t u san va cac x6 viet dai bieu cong nhan, nong j,g'p deu bai bo H o n g q u a n eong n o n g d u p e t h a n h lap de bao v | ehinh quyen dan va b i n h l i n h C h i n h p h i i l a m t h a i t u san bat luc t r u o c n h i m g v a n de cap p^oi C o n g bo T u y e n n g o n ve q u y e n eae dan tpe N g a , khSng d i n h n h u n g bach cua da't nuac: hoa b i n h , r u p n g da't, c u u d o i T i n h the cho m p t cupc each j,guyen tac co ban ve q u y e n dan tpe t u quyet, b i n h dSng va ehii q u y e n ciia tat m a n g v san chin m u o i cac d a n tpe N g a Quoe hmx hoa eae nha may, xi n g h i ^ p ciia giai cap t u san Truae t i n h h i n h do, L e - n i n va D a n g Bonsevieh da ehuan b i ke hoach tie'p tue %'Tat ca cac vice lam cua Chinh quyen Xd viel dem Iqi lai ich cho toan the nhan dan l a m each m a n g , d i i n g bao luc lat d o C h i n h p h u l a m t h a i , cham d u t t i n h trang lao dong va cac dan toe a Nga Dap img dmc yeu cau va nguyen vgng ciia nhan dan Nga hai c h i n h q u y e n song song t o n tai So sanh " C h i n h sach C p n g san t h a i c h i e n " va " C h i n h sach K i n h te m o i " N h u vay, t i n h h i n h truae va sau Cach m a n g thang H a i da l i giai n u o c Nga Tieu c h i 10 - 1917, cupc each m a n g t h u hai, dupe g p i la each m a n g xa h p i chu nghia, da so sanh no va g i a n h thMng I p i 1921 canh t r a n h each m a n g eho'ng t h u n u o c buoe vao t h o i k i hoa b i n h , t r o n g giac ngoai xay d u n g xa h p i chii nghia Npi - T r u n g t h u l u o n g thue thira - Bai bo che dp t r u n g t h u l u o n g dung - Quoe h i i u hoa toan bp x i thue, thay bang thue l u o n g thue nghiep - T u b u o n ban, m o lai eae chp - N h a n u a c n a m dpe quyen - Cho phep t u n h a n m o eae x i ve q u a n l i , p h a n pho'i l u o n g nghiep nho thue, thue p h a m - - T h i h a n h che dp lao d p n g ngoai dau t u k i n h d o a n h a N g a s/ up N g a y t r o n g d e m 25 - 10 (7 - 11), D a i hpi X6 viet toan N g a Ian t h u hai khai ro mac d i ^ n X m o - n u i da t u y e n bo t h a n h lap ehinh q u y e n X6 viet d o Le-nin /g d u n g d a u N h i ^ m v u hang dau cua chinh q u y e n X6 viet la d a p tan bp m a y nha om n u o c cu cua giai cap t u san va dia chii, khan t r u o n g xay d u n g bp m a y nha c n u o c m o i ciia n h i r n g n g u a i lao d p n g ok Cae CO q u a n t r u n g ucmg va X6 viet cac dia p h u a n g d u p e t h a n h lap, ehinh ce bo q u y e n t u san, dia ehii eae cap deu b i bai bo fa C u o i thang 11 - 1917, ehinh q u y e n X6 viet b u a c dau quoe huu hoa cac nha may, x i n g h i ^ p eiia giai cap t u san Thang 12 -1917, H p i d o n g k i n h te'quo'e dan w - Tap C u o i n a m 1918, q u a n d p i 14 nuae de'quoe eau ke't v o i lue l u p n g p h a n each dyng m a n g t r o n g n u o c m a eupe tan eong v u trang n h a m tieu di?t nuoc N g a X6 viet n o n tre T r o n g suot ba n a m (1918 - 1920), nhan dan X6 viet da tap t r u n g toan bp sue luc tie'n h a n h cupc chie'n dau eho'ng thii trong, giac ngoai t r o n g n h i h i g d i e u k i ^ n v c u n g k h o k h a n de giir vvmg chinh quyen X6 viet T u n a m 1919 nuoc N g a thue h i ^ n chinh saeh Cong san t h a i chie'n n h a m huy d p n g toi da m p i n g u o n ciia cai, nhan luc cua da't nuoc phue v u cho cupc chie'n dau eho'ng t h i i t r o n g , giac ngoai V u a chie'n d a u , v u a xay d u n g H o n g q u a n va n h a n dan X6 viet da t u n g buoe day l u i eae eupe tan eong ciia luc l u p n g p h a n - 1925, Khuyen k h o k h a n k h i da't khich t u ban nuoc bat bupe ww toi eao d u p e t h a n h lap C h i n h sach K i n h te m o i chien ' 1918 - 1920, tien hanh chien Hoan C o n g cupc xay d u n g c h i n h q u y e n X6 v i e t C h i n h sach C p n g san t h a i Ta vao n a m 1917 b u n g no hai cupc each m a n g noi tie'p n h a u la d i e u tat y e u Thang trung toan bp sue - Phye hoX phat trien k i n h te^ cai n g u d i , sue eiia de chong t h i i t h i ^ n d a i song n h a n d a n t r o n g giac ngoai - Tao ca so k i n h te^ c h i n h t r j cho - Bao ve t h a n h qua ciia Cach Lien X6 b u a c vao eong eupe xay m a n g thang M u o i d u n g ehii nghia xa h p i Nfhan Co the xem " C h i n h sach K i n h te'mai" la mpt buoe l u i n h u n g la mpt Xet buac l i i i can thiet de Lien X6 v u p t qua nhiSng kho khan t h u thach tao da vCing buoe vao thai k i xay dvmg chii nghia xa hpi, the hi#n su > lanh dao sang suot ciia Dang B6n-se-vich d u n g dau la Le-nin LMJ) UUUIIl) I I ^ U LfUII II ]\IV IIUUIIlj mi)\J\^ IIIUI ^ Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khan^ Vl^ I I Q U O C TE C Q N G S A N j h o n g trao da'u tranh giai p h o n g dan tpc a cac nude thupc dja va p h u thupc t r a V a i net c h i n h ve Q u o c te C p n g san l a n h m p t bp p h a n ciia each m a n g the'gioi T r o n g nhO-ng n a m 1918 - 1923, cac D a n g C o n g san Ian \\xqi dxxgc lap Quoc t e ' C p n g san tap h p p m p t l u c l u p n g each m a n g r p n g rai tren p h a m v i Ftoan cac nuoc S u phat trien nhanh chong ciia p h o n g trao each m a n g the gioi T r u o c t i n h do, d o i hoi p h a i c6 m o t to chuc quoc te'de tap hp-p l u c i u g n g va chi dao p h o n g trao theo m o t d u o n g l o i d i i n g dan D a p u n g y e u cau d o , thang I n a m 1919, D a i h p i t h a n h lap Quoc te C p n g san dug-c tien hanh tai Mat-xco-va Quoc te'Cpng san sue bao ve va phat trien hpc thuye't ciia Cac Mac, chong iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / chii nghla co h p i , phat trien cac hpc thuye't each m a n g cho p h i i h o p v o i hoan Quoc te'Cong san t o n tai va hoat d p n g tir nam 1919 den n a m 1943 Quoc te canh m o i ciia thai dai, d o la cac hpc thuye't ve each m a n g giai p h o n g dan tpc, C p n g san tien h a n h bay dai h p i , de d u o n g 161 each m a n g phia h p p v o i turig ve lien m i n h cong nong, ve doan ket quoc te t h a i k i phat trien ciia each m a n g the g i o i Tieu bieu la hai dai h p i : I I I C U Q C K H U N G H O A N G K I N H TE 1929 -1933 * D a i h p i Ian I I (1920), giir m p t v j t r i n o i bat t r o n g Hch s u hoat d p n g en N h i m g net c h u n g v e cupc k h u n g h o a n g Quoc te C p n g san v o i vi?c t h o n g qua L u a n c u o n g ve v a i tro ciia D a n g Cpng D o san xua't ao at, chay dua theo Ipi nhuan, hang hoa e thua, l i d p n g N h u san, L u a n c u o n g ve van de dan tpc va thupc dja, d o Le-nin k h o i thao cau va sue m u a ciia n g u d i d a n k h o n g gia tang t u o n g l i n g C u n g v u p t qua xa Qua L u a n c u o n g ve vai tro lanh dao ciia D a n g C p n g san da chi cho each cau, s u m a t can b3ng ve k i n h te t r o n g npi bp t u n g nude va s u phat trien k h o n g m a n g the g i o i , nhat la each m a n g v san m u o n da'u t r a n h gianh d u p e thang Ipi dong deu gii>a cac nude t u ban chii nghla T u nhiimg l i d o d o da dan den cupc phai CO c h i n h d a n g cua giai cap v san N o t r o n h a n to q u y e t d j n h moi k h i i n g hoang k i n h te'1929 - 1933 s/ Qua t r i n h k h i i n g hoang: T h a n g 10 - 1929, k h i i n g hoang n o d M i , sau d o Ian toan b p the g i d i t u ban D a y la cupc k h i i n g hoang thua, k h i i n g hoang up giai cap v san va cac dan tpc thupc dja m u o n da'u t r a n h g i a n h t h a n g Ipi phai Ta thang I p i cua each m a n g v san Qua L u a n c u o n g ve van de dan tpc va thupc dia ciia L e - n i n da c h i cho tram t r p n g nhat, keo dai nhat t r o n g Ijch s u cac nude t u ban chii nghla ro lien m i n h , lien ket v o i nhau, thuc hi^n khau hieu ciia Le-nin: " V san tat ca cac Cupc k h i i n g hoang da tan p h a k i n h te^ gay hau qua n g h i e m t r p n g ve /g n u o c va cac dan tpc bj ap b i i c doan ket l a i " om D a i h p i Ian V I I (1935), Quoc te'Cpng san da chi ro n g u y co ciia c h i i nghla chinh t r j - xa h p i H c phat x i t va k e u gpi cac D a n g C p n g san tich eye da'u t r a n h t h a n h l a p cac mat t h e ' g i o i de lap m p t mat tran h u n g hau n h ^ m chong chii nghla phat j(it, c h o n g chien t r a n h , bao v^ L i e n X6, bao ve hoa b i n h the'gioi H a n g chuc van cong nhan that nghi^p, nong dan m a t r u p n g dat, song t r o n g canh ngheo d o i , t i i n g quan N h i e u cupc da'u tranh ciia n h i j n g n g u d i that xit, chong chien t r a n h nghiep d i e n d k h a p cac nude De doa s u ton tai ciia chii nghla t u ban bo ok tran t h o n g nhat cong n h a n va cac luc l u p n g tien bp n h a m m u c tieu chong phat K h i b j k h i i n g hoang, cac nude t u ban chii nghla giai quyet k h i i n g hoang ce N h o CO chii t r u o n g ciia Quoc te'Cpng san tai D a i h p i V I I m a cac n u o c d a Ian jfreo cac bien phap khac hoa b i n h ! w fa l u p t t h a n h l a p m a t tran n h a n d a n chong phat xit, chong chien t r a n h , bao quan l i , to chiic san xua't ww M a t tran n h a n d a n cac nuoc d o i da tap h p p d u p e m p t l u c l u p n g each m a n g d o n g dao l a m n h i e m v y chong phat xit, bao v | dpc lap d a n tpc D61 v d i Due, I-ta-li-a, N h a t Ban t i m k i e m 16'i thoat bSng h i n h thuc t h o n g t r j V a i tro ciia Q u o c te C p n g san d o i v o i p h o n g trao each m a n g the g i o i m d i D d la thie't l a p cac che d p dpc tai phat x i t - nen chuyen c h i n h k h i i n g bo T r o n g khoang 1/4 the'ki ton tai, Quoc te'Cpng san t r o t h a n h n h a n to hang irCong khai ciia n h u n g the luc p h a n d p n g nhat, hieu chien nhat dau t r o n g v i f c thiic day p h o n g trao each m a n g the'gioi phat t r i e n Quoc te C p n g san chii t r u o n g lap cac d a n g cpng san cac n u o c tu D o i v d i A n h , Phap, M i tien hanh cai each k i n h te - xa h p i , d o i m d i qua t r i n h % K h i i n g h o a n g k i n h te va qua t r i n h D a n g Quoc xa l e n cam q u y e n b D u e I Cupc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te'the'gidi cudl nam 1929 da giang d o n nang ne vao ban de lanh dao p h o n g trao cong nhan da'u tranh chong chii nghla tu ban nen k i n h te'Diic M a u thuan xa h p i va cupc dau tranh ciia quan c h i i n g lao d p n g chong ap buc, boc lot Ph R u - d o - v e n la Tong thong d u y nha't lich s i i nude M I suot bon n h i ^ m k i iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / va lap c h i n h p h i i m o i , m o m p t t h o i k i den toi t r o n g lich s i i nude D i i c Ve d o i ngoai, C h i n h p h i i Ru-do-ven de C h i n h sach lang gieng than thi$n Tir n a m 1933, C h i n h p h i i Hit-le rao riet thiet lap nen chuyen chinh dpc tai, cong n h a m cai thien q u a n he v d i cac nude M I L a t i n h , v o n dupe M I eoi la "san sau" khai k h i i n g bo cac dang phai dan chii tieh bp, truoc het la Dang Cpng san Due d i a m i n h , va thiet lap ngoai giao v d i L i e n x6 Thang -1933, c h i n h q u y e n phat xit v u cao n h u n g n g u o i cpng san d o t chay D o i v d i cac v a n de quoc te^ t r u d c n g u y co ciia chii nghla phat xit va chien nha Quoc h p i , dat D a n g Cpng san ngoai phap luat va bat g i a m 10 v a n dang tranh bao t r i i m toan t h e ' g i d i , quoc h p i M I da t h o n g qua hang loat dao luat de vien cpng san igiu v a i t r o t r u n g lap t r o n g cac cupc x u n g d p t quan su ben ngoai nude M I N a m 1934, H i n - d e n - b u a qua d o i , H i t - l e t u y e n bo h i i y bo H i e n phap Vai-ma, C h i n h sach d o da g d p p h a n khuye'n k h i c h c h i i nghla phat x i t t y d o h a n h d p n g , t u x i m g la Quoc t r u o n g suot d o i N e n C p n g hoa Vai-ma hoan toan sup gay cupc Chien t r a n h the'gidi t h i i hai Ve k i n h te, c h i n h q u y e n phat xit tien h a n h to chuc nen k i n h te theo huong K h i i n g hoang k i n h te rtam 1929 -1933 d N h a t )*;i Cupc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te t h e ' g i d i (1929 - 1933) da giang m p t d o n nang ne vao k i n h te'Nhat: San xuat cong nghiep g i a m siit K h i i n g hoang xay n g h i e m up quan su Cac n g a n h giao t h o n g van tai, xay d u n g d u a n g sa d u p e tang cuong s/ dan d u p e phuc h o i va hoat d p n g het sue khan t r u o n g , dac b i ^ t la cong nghiep Ta t ^ p t r u n g , m # n h l ^ n h , phuc v u n h u cau q u a n su Cac n g a n h cong nghiep dan t r p n g nha't la t r o n g n o n g nghiep T h i t r u o n g t r o n g va ngoai nude b i t h u h?p thoat k h o i k h i i n g hoang K h i i n g hoang k i n h te day m a n h qua t r i n h tap t r u n g san xuat, tang c u d n g /g ro de giai quyet nan that nghiep va phuc v u n h u cau q u a n su N e n k i n h te'Diic da om Ve d o i ngoai, chinh quyen Hit-le tang cuong cac hoat dpng chuan bi chien tranh .c Thang 10 - 1933, n u o c D u e t u y e n bo' n i t k h o i H p i Quoc lien de d u p e t u ok hanh dpng bo N a m 1935, Hit-le ban hanh lenh tong dpng vien quan dich, tuyen bo lap ce dpi quan t h u o n g true va bSt dau trien khai cac hoat d p n g quan su a chau A u fa D e n n a m 1938, v o i d p i quan 1,5 t r i ^ u n g u o i cung 30000 xe tang va khoang q u y e n l y c ciia cac tap doan t u ban I d n i N h a m khac phuc n h u n g hau qua ciia cupc k h i i n g hoang va giai quyet k h d k h a n d o thie'u n g u o n n g u y e n li#u va t h i t r u o n g tieu t h u h a n g hda, g i d i cam q u y e n N h a t c h i i t r u o n g quan phiet hda bp m a y nha nude, gay chien tranh x a m lupc, banh t r u d n g ben ngoai C u n g v d i v i ^ quan phi^t hda bp may nha nude, tang cudng chay dua v i i trang, g i d i cam quyen N h a t Ban day manh cupc chien tranh xam lupc T r u n g Quoc cac ke hoach gay chien tranh x a m lupc IV PHONG T R A O M A T T R A N N H A N D A N C H O N G PHAT XIT ww w 4000 m a y bay, n u o c D u e da t r o m p t trai l i n h k h o n g 16, d i i sue tieh hanh Cupc khiing hoang k i n h te nam 1929 -1933 b M i D o hau qua ciia cupc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te the g i d i 1929 - 1933 va sy xuat T r o n g k h i giai cap t u san M I he't l o i ca n g p i su p h o n v i n h ciia nen k i n h te th' hi?n chii nghla phat x i t de dpa su o n d i n h , hoa b i n h va an n i n h n h a n loai Yeu cupc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te chua t u n g thay bat n g d b u n g no vao thang 10 -1929, cau t h a n h lap m p t M a t tran nhan dan de doan ke't n h a n dan cac nude chong ke cham d i i t t h o i k i hoang k i m ciia k i n h te M I t h i i c h u n g la c h i i nghla phat x i t la can thiet Cupc k h i i n g hoang bat dau t r o n g l i n h v u c ngan hang N g a y 29 - -1929 1^ Thang -1935, Quoc te'Cpng san tieh hanh D a i h p i Ian t h i i V I I chi dao cho hoang loan chua t u n g c6 t r o n g lich s i i t h i t r u o n g c h u n g k h o a n N i u Oong quye't d j n h eiia hgi nghj lanta da dan toi su h i n h m o t trat t u the g i o i m o i , d u g e gpi la: " t r a t t y hai eye lanta" Trat t u hai cue lanta d o i lam cho t h e g i o i phan chia hai h f thong d o i lap M o t eye ciia Lien X6 dai di^n cho cac nuoc xa hpi ehii nghia va mot cue ciia M l dai d i f n cho cac nuoc t u ban chii nghTa T r o n g qua t r i n h ton tai ciia hai eye l a m cho q u a n he quoc te CO su d o i dau giira hai phe: Xa hoi chii nghia va T u ban chii nghia Sy phan chia pham v i anh huong ba cuong quoc thoa thuan H o i nghj lanta: ' 6' cMu Au: D o n g Dire, D o n g Beclin va D o n g A u d o quan d o i Lien X6 chiem 6ng Tay Dire, Tay Beclin va Tay A u d o quan d o i M I , A n h va Phap chiem 6ng Rieng hai nuoc A o va Phan Lan t r o nhCrng nuoc t r u n g lap 236 BSi dLf&n0 H5G Ljch Sii 12 - Ths Tnrmg Ngpc Thai Cty TNHH MTV PWH Khang Vi^t O chau A: Mong C o du[...]... chiem dao Xi-xi-li-a (7 - 1 943 ), chinh phii phat xit I-ta-li-a bi lat do, phai ki ket dau hang Dong minh (3 - 9 -1 943 ) 3 Chien tranh the gioi ket thiic ;! s, Tu ngay 6 - 6 - 1 944 ciia lien quan M i - Anh va Dong minh mo "Mat tran thu hai" Quan Dong minh do bo tien vao giai phong cac nuoc Phap, Bi, Ha Lan va chuan bi tan cong nuoc Due Tir thang 7 - 1 944 den thang 10 - 1 944 , Hong quan Lien X6 tien quan... 1)1 945 -1 946 Vi^t Nam ra doi vao ngay 20 - 12 - 1960 Mat tran Dan tgc doan ket 14 tri^u dong bao mien Nam dung len dau tranh 6) 1976 Trung Hoa Dan quoc 70 ghe trong quoc hgi khong bau bo ce ket toan dan cang duge tang cuong Hoa Dan quoc va hgn phan each mang d mien Bac om Cac to chuc quan chiing cua Mat tran cung ra dai Dau tranh ngoai giao * Truoc ngay 6 - 3 - 1 946 : Dau tranh vai quan Trung /g 1 946 ,... denhdn ok c len gidi phong todn mien Nam bo 9 Cong tac xay dimg hau phuong trong khang chien chong Phap va chong MI ce -19 54) fa a) Khang chien chong Phdp (1 945 -1 947 w * Xay dung hau phucmg trong nhitng nam 1 946 ww Ve chinh tri, C h i n h p h i i quyet d i n h chia ca nuoc thanh 1 4 k h u h a n h chinh Cac l i y ban h a n h chinh chuyen thanh Uy ban khang chien hanh chinh de thuc hien n h i e m v u k... I ( 14 - 2 - 1 941 ) C i r u quoc quan phat d p n g chien tranh d u k i c h t r o n g 8 thang (tir thang 7 -1 941 den thang 2 - 1 942 ) de d o i p h o v o i s u vay quet cua dich, sau d o phan tan thanh n h i e u bp p h a n de chan c h i n h luc l u p n g , gay d u n g co so c h i n h t r i t r o n g q u a n c h u n g tai cac t i n h T h a i Nguyen, T u y e n Q u a n g , L a n g Son N g a y 15 - 9 - 1 941 ,... giai phong hang loat cac nuoc Dong A u Tu thang 1 - 1 945 , Hong quan Lien X6 cung bat dau cupc tan cong nuoc Due 6 mat tran phia Dong Thang 2 - 1 945 , 6 mat tran phia tay M i - Anh va cac nuoc Dong minh khac vupt song Ranh tran vao nuoc Due T u 16 -4 den 2 - 5 -1 945 , Hong quan Lien X6 da dap tan su khang cu ciia quan phat xit Due Ngay 9 - 5 - 1 945 , Due ki hi^p dinh dau hang khong dieu kien Chien tranh... that Ion lao: gan 40 3.000 quan bj giet, bi thuong va bj bat lam t i i binh dong vai tro rat Ion Tran danh 6 cua ngo Matxcova mua dong 1 941 - 1 942 la mot trong n h i m g su iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / V L N h u n g s u k i g n c h i n h cua l i c h s u the g i a i h i ? n dai (tir n a m 1917 den 1 945 ) kien Ijch su quan trong cua cuoc chien tranh thegioi Ian t h u hai Ngay 30 - 9 -1 941 , phat xit D u... r u - m a n giri T r o n g nhOng nam 1 944 - 1 945 , H o n g quan Lien X6 t r u y kieh phat xit qua Quoc h p i M I ngay 1 2 - 3 -1 947 T r o n g do, T o n g thong M I khSng d i n h : su ton tai lanh tho D o n g A u , nhan dan cac nuoc nay noi day k h o i nghla gianh ehinl ciia Lien X6 la n g u y co Ion d o i v o i n u o c M I va de n g h j vi?n t r p k h a n cap 40 0 iL ie uO nT hi Da iH oc 01 / quyen,... keo dai 5 thang r u o i vao m u a he va Quan D o n g ciia N h a t 6 chau A- Thai Binh D u o n g vao ngay 8 - 8 - 1 945 , sau do thu n a m 1 941 , H o n g q u a n Lien X6 da lam that bai ke'hoach "chien tranh chop mifcung quan D o n g m i n h danh bai hoan toan phat xit Nhat vao ngay 14 - 8 - 1 945 , n h o a n g " ciia phat xit Due va buoc chiing chuyen sang the'phong thii v o i nhijTig huge N h a t phai d a... t Ta Buoc san^ n a m 1 941 , n h i r n g d p i d u k i c h Bac Son s/ t h o i gian sau, nuoc Phap bj Due chien d o n g (6 - 1 940 ) ro Ipi cho each m a n g Vi?t N a m N g a y 28 - 1 - 1 941 , N g u y e n A i 1939 Quoc ve nuoc, tai Pae Bo - Cao Bang, N g u o i da to chuc va den nam chii t r i H p i nghj T r u n g u o n g D a n g Ian t h u 8 ( t u 10 den 19 - om /g Tir nam c 5 - 1 941 ) de hoan thanh chii t... i o i h i ^ n nay ro Cdu 12 Cuoc phan cong cua q u a n D o n g m i n h trong giai doan cuol ciia chien nghia quan phiet N h a t Ban De nhanh chong ke't thue chien tranh, sau k h i danh s/ CUQC up Cdu 11 T u cupc Chien tranh the gioi t h u hai, hay r u t ra bai hoc cho Ta tran Lien X6 va mat tran chau A u /g tranh the g i o i t h u hai ( t u thang 6 - 1 944 den thang 8 - 1 945 ) de d a n h bai Nhat om ... Tir thang - 1 944 den thang 10 - 1 944 , Hong quan Lien X6 tien quan vao Dong A u , giup nhan dan Dong A u tieu di^t phat xit Due, giai phong hang loat cac nuoc Dong A u Tu thang - 1 945 , Hong quan... nhat lai Trung doi citu quoc quan I ( 14 - - 1 941 ) C i r u quoc quan phat d p n g chien tranh d u k i c h t r o n g thang (tir thang -1 941 den thang - 1 942 ) de d o i p h o v o i s u vay quet cua... each mang nuoc ta tu nam s/ tran Vi^t Minh van chua thu hiit tang lop tren va van nghe up 4) 1 945 -19 54 1 945 den nam 1973 Thdi k i Nam 1951, yeu cau ciia cupc khang chie'n va su phat c Thue hien