J. A m mmi va hanh d p n g m o i ciia Phap - MI tir sau that bai Bien giai thu -dong 1950 dong 1950
Sau that bai nang ne 6 mat tran bien gioi thu - dong 1950, thuc dan Phap
lam vao mpt the'vo cung kho khan, liing tiing. V i vay, d u mau thuan v o i MI,
phap van dua vao MI, cau xin vien trp ciia MI de tiep tuc chien tranh xam lupc.
Ve phia Mi, tich cue giup Phap nham rang bupc va tirng buoe hat cang
phap de dpc chiem Dong D u o n g lam thupc dja kieu m o i . Tu thang 5 -1949, Mi
tirng buoe can thipp sau vao cupc chien tranh xam lupc D o n g D u o n g . N g a y
23 -12 - 1950, MI k i v o i Phap Hie\i dinh phdng thu chung Dong Duang. Thang 9 -
1951, Ml k i v o i Bao Dai Hicp uoc hap tdc kink tcVict - Ml nham true tiep rang
bupc Chinh phii Bao Dai va MI.
Ngay 6 - 12 - 1950, Chinh phii Phap cii Dai tudng D o Lat d o Tatxinhi lam Tong chi huy quan dpi vien chinh, kiem Cao l i y Phap 6 Dong D u o n g . Dua vao
vi?n trp MI, lai eo quyen lire tap trung trong tay, D o Lat do Tatxinhi de ra ke
hoach m o i nham ke't thuc nhanh chien tranh.
Ke hoach D o Lat do Tatxinhi da dua cupc chien tranh xam lupc ciia phap 6 E)6ng D u o n g len quy m o Ion, lam cho cupc dau tranh ciia nhan dan ta, nha't la vimg 6 sau l u n g djch tro nen kho khan phuc tap. Ke hoach D o Lat do Tatxinhi gom 4 diem chinh:
Gap riit tap trung quan A u - Phi nh5m xay d y n g mpt luc lupng co dpng chien lupc manh, dong thoi ra sue phat trien nguy quan de xay d y n g "quan dpi quoc gia".
Xay d u n g phong tuyen cong su bSng xi mang cot sat, thanh lap "vanh dai
t r i n g " bao quanh trung du va dong bSng Bac Bp nham ngan ehan quan chii lyc ciia ta va kiem soat ta dua nhan, tai vat luc ra vung t u do.
Tien hanh "chien tranh tong luc", binh djnh vung la'n chiem, v o vet sue nguoi siic ciia ciia nhan dan ta de tang cuong luc lupng ciia chiing.
Danh pha hau p h u o n g eiia ta b3ng bi^t kich, tho phi, gian di§p, ke't hpp
Oanh tac bang phi phao voi chien tranh tam li, chien tranh kinh te.
2. Dai hpi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thii I I ciia D a n g (2 - 1951)
a. Hoan cdnh:
1 T u ngay 11 deh 19-2-1951, Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h i i II ciia Dang
*|Ong san Dong D u o n g hpp 6 Vinh Quang - Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang). D y «9i hpi CO 158 dai bieu chinh thuc, 53 d?i bieu d y khuyet thay mat cho hon ?6 van dang vien.
b. Ngi dung Dai hoi:
Bdo cdo chinh tri do Chii tich Ho Chi Minh trinh bay da tong ke't kinh nghiem
cua Dang qua cac chang duong Ijch su dau tranh oanh H§t tu ngay ra doi khang djnh duang lo'i khang chien cho'ng Phap ciia Dang.
Bdo cdo ban vecdch mang Viet Nam do Tong Bi thu Truong Chinh trinh bay. Dai hgi quyet djnh quyet dinh thanh lap Dang lao dong Viet Nam va Danj;
hogt dOng cong khai, dam nhi^m sii m^nh lich su lanh dao cugc khang chiei, ciia Viet Nam.
Dai hpi thong qua Tuyen ngon, Chinh cuamg, Dieu le mai; Quyet djnh xuat ban bao nhdn dan, co quan Trung uong Dang.
Dai hoi ban ra Ban Chap hanh Trung uong. Ho C h i Minh dugc bau giu chiic vy Chu tich Dang, (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Truang Chinh dug-c lam Tong Bi thu cua Dang.
c. Ynghia:
Dai hpi Ian thu II la moc danh dau buoc phat trien moi trong qua trinh lanh dao va truong thanh ciia Dang ta, la "Dai hoi khang chieh thang Ip-i".
Quyet djnh moi cua Dai hoi: Doi ten Dang thanh Dang Lao dpng Vi?t Nam. D u a Dang ra hoat dpng cong khai. Moi nude a Dong Duong phai c6 mpt Dang rieng ciia minh
3. Cong tac xay dung hau phuong khang chien (1951 - 1953). Tac dyng ciia hau phuong hau phuong
a. Ve chinh tri:
Tir ngay 3 den ngay 7-3-1951, Dai hoi toan quoc thong nha't hai mat tran Vi^t Minh va Hoi Lien Viet thanh mpt mat tran duy nha't, lay ten la Mat tran Lien hiep quoc dan Viet Nam (Mat tran Lien Viet). Ngay 11 - 3 - 1951, thanh lap Lien minh nhdn dan Viet - Mien - Lao nham tang cuong hon nua tinh doan ke't
giiia nhan dan ba nuoc trong cupc dau tranh chong ke thii chung la thuc dan Phap va can thiep MI. Phong trao thi dua yeu nuoc ngay cang an sau, Ian rpng trong cac nganh, cac gioi lam nay no nhieu don vj, ca nhan uu tii. Ngay 1 - 5 - 1952, Dai hpi anh hiing va chien sT thi dua toan quoc Ian thu nha't da tong kct, bieu duong thanh tich cua phong trao thi dua ai quoc va bau chpn 7 anh hiing Do la: CM Chinh Lan, La Van Cau, Nguyen Quoc Tri, Nguyen Thi Chien, Ngo Gui Khdm, Tran Dai Nghia, Hodng Hanh.
b. Vekinh te:
Nam 1952, Chinh phii de ra cupc van dpng san xuat va thyc hanh tie't kieni Cupc van dpng da loi cuon mpi nganh, mpi gioi tham gia. San xuat thii cong nghi^p va cong nghi^p ve co ban dap ling nhu cau ve cong cy san xuat nhung
mat hang thiet yeu ciia doi song. Di doi voi day manh san xuat, Chinh phii de
ra nhirng chinh sach nham chan chinh che dp thue khoa, xay dyng nen tai
chinh, ngan hang, thuong nghifp.
De boi duong siic dan, nha't la nong dan, dau nam 1953 Dang va Chinh phii quyet dinh phat dpng quan chiing tri^t de giam to va cai each rupng da't. T u thang 4 -1953 den thang 7 -1954, ta thuc hif n 5 dpt giam to va mpt dpt cai each rupng da't 6 53 xa thupc vung ty do Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa. Den cuoi nam 1953, tu Lien K h u I V tro ra, each mang da tam cap cho nong dan 184.000ha rupng da't.
c. Vevan hod, gido due, y te:
Ta tiep tue cupc cai each giao dye (tu nam 1950) thue hi?n theo ba phuong
cham: phuc vu khdng chien, phuc vu dan sinh, phuc vu san xuat, gan nha truong
voi doi song xa hpi - van ngh^ sT hang hai tham nhap mpi mat ciia doi song,
chien dau va san xuat, huong ling loi day ciia Ho C h i Minh "Khdng chien hod van hod va van hod khdng chien". Cong tac van dpng vf sinh phong b^nh, thuc
hi?n doi song moi, bai tru me tin di doan ngay cang co tinh chat quan chiing rpng Ion. Cong tac cham lo sue khoe cho nhan dan dupe coi trpng. B^nh vi^n, b?nh xa, phong y te^ tram eiiu thuong dupe xay dung khMp noi.
* Tdc dung cua hau phuomg:
"Hau phuong" la nhan to thuong xuyen quyet djnh den thang Ipi ciia chien truong true tiep gop phan vao thang loi tren mat tran quan sy trong nhirng nam 1951 -1953; Chien cupc dong - xuan 1953 -1954 va chien djch Ijch sir Di?n Bien Phii.
Dap ling nhu cau biic thiet ciia cupc khang chien, day manh sy nghif p quoc
phong, tao tien de (chinh quyen, co so kinh te, van hoa xa hpi) de tie'n len chii
nghia xa hpi sau nay.
4. The chii dpng ciia ta tren chien truong Bac Bp tu chien thing Bien gioi thu -dong nam 1950 den truoc dong - xuan 1953 -1954 dong nam 1950 den truoc dong - xuan 1953 -1954
Voi chien thang Bien gioi thu - dong nam 1950, quan ta da gianh dupe the chii dpng tren chien truong chinh Bac Bp, day djch vao the'bj dpng doi pho voi ta. Tir sau chien djch Bien gioi, ta tiep tyc giii viing the'ehu dpng tan cong dich, the hi^n:
Trong thoi gian tir cuoi nam 1950 den giua nam 1951, quan ta lien tyc mo ba
chien djch: chien djch Tran Hung Dao (chien djch Trung du), Chien djch Hoang Hoa Tham (Chien djch duong so 18), Chien djch Quang Trung (chie'n djch H a - Nam - Ninh).
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Tren day la n h u n g chien dich quy mo Ion dau tien cua bp dpi chii lye ta danh vao tuyen kien co'cua Phap 6 Trung D u va dong bang Bac BQ. N h u n g do dja ban chien dich khong thuan Ig-i cho ta, ma c6 Igi cho dich vi^c phat huy uu the ve binh k h i va k i thuat va co dong, nen ke't qua chien dau bj han che. Voi
phuong cham chien luge "Danh chac thang" va phuong huong chien lug-c
"Tranh cho manh danh cho yeu", ta chii truong m o n h i h i g chien djch tiep theo 6 rung niii.
Chien dich Hoa Binh dong - xudn nam 1951 - 1952: Ngay 9 - 1 1 -1951, tuong
D o Lat d o Tatxinhi su d y n g mpt luc lugng quan co dgng Ion tien danh Chg
Ben, den ngay 14 - 1 1 -1951, tien danh Hoa Binh. T u giOa thang 11 - 1951 den cuoi thang 2 - 1952, ta mo chien dich phan cong djch 6 Hoa Binh. Chien djch Hoa Binh ket thiic sau hon ba thang (tu 14 -11 -1951 den ngay 25 - 2 -1952).
Voi thang Igi cua chien dich Hoa Binh, ta da loai khoi vong chien dau 22 000
ten djch, giai phong hoan toan khu vyc Hoa Binh. Chien thang Hoa Binh la
thang Ipi ciia ngh^ thuat chi dao chien dau pho'i hgp giCra chien truong chinh
voi chien truong ca nuoc.
Chien djch Tay B3c thu - dong 1952: T u ngay 14 -10 -1952 deh ngay 10 -12 -1952, ta m o chien djch Tay Bac. Cuoc chien dau dien ra ac l i ^ t 6 M Q C Chau, Thuan Chau, Lai Chau, Son La, Yen Bai.
Ket thiic chien dich, ta da loai khoi vong chien dau hon 13000 djch, giai phong 28 500 km^ v o i hon 25 van dan, gom toan tinh NghTa Lo, gan het tinh Son La (trir Na San), bon huy^n 6 Lai Chau, hai huy^n 6 Yen Bai, pha mpt
phan am m u u lap "Xu Thai tu tri" ciia dich.
Chien dich Thupng Lao xuan - he 1953: Dau nam 1953, Trung uong Dang va Chinh phu ta ciing Chinh phii khang chien Lao thoa thuan m o chien djch Thupng Lao, nham tieu diet sinh luc djch, giai phong dat dai, day manh cupc khang chien cua nhan dan Lao. Chien djch da dien ra t u ngay 8 - 4 - 1953 den ngay 18 - 5 - 1953. Trong hon 1 thang chien dau, lien quan Viet - Lao da loai khoi vong chien dau 2800 djch; giai phong toan bp tinh Sam Nua, mpt phan tinh Xieng Khoang va tinh Phongxali voi tren 30 van dan.
Phoi hap voi chien truang chinh B&c Bo,tu nam 1951 den nam 1953, a cdc chien truong Trung Bo va Nam Bp, quan dan ta da tan dung cdc hinh thitc chien tranh du kich, tieu diet, tieu hao nhieu sinh liec dich, phd huy nhieu tochitc tenguy, nhieu casa kinh tecitachung.
hlhtn chung tit sau chien dich Bien giai thu - dong 1950:
Ta gianh, g i i i va phat trien quyen chii dpng ve chien lupc tren chien truong chinh (Bac Bp).
1 I A
Ta tieu hao them nhieu sinh lye djch, giai phong nhieu viing dat dai rpng Ion. Luc lupng cua ta ngay cang Ion manh voi ba thu quan.
5. Nhung thing Igi tieu bieu cua nhan ta tren cac mat tr^n quan sye, chinh tri