each mang de pha hoai each mang, lua bjt quan chving, chia re hang ngu con, nhan va Mat tran dan tpc thong nhat, pha hoai nhiing to ehuc va hogt dorij cua Dang Cpng san. Chiing dua ra khau l^nh khong phu hop, dan phong tra,, den that bai. Chung ho hao "lam each mang v6 san" de doi lap vol chu truorip "chohg phat xit chong chien tranh", lap "Doan thanh nien cong san" thay cho "Doan thanh nien dan chii", lap "Hgi cuu te" thay cho "Hoi Cuxi te'binh dan" v.v
Dang Cpng san Dong D u o n g da dau tranh kien quye't voi bpn toro'tkit. Cupc dau tranh do da giup quan chiing nhan ro bp mat that cua bpn tarotkit, kip thoj
ngan chan am m u u pha hoai cua chung.
4. Ket qua va y nghia va bai hpc k i n h n g h i ^ m cua p h o n g trao
* Kei qua:
Cupc van dpng dan chu 1936 -1939 la mpt phong trao quan chung rpng Ion,
CO to chuc, d u a i su lanh dao cua Dang Cpng san Dong D u o n g .
Bang sue manh doan ket cua quan chung, da bupc chinh quyen ciia thuc dan phai nhuong bp mpt so'yeu sach cu the, truoc mat ve dan sinh, dan chii.
Qua phong trao, quan chiing dupe giae mpt ve chinh trj, da tham gia MSt tran dan tpc thong nhat, tro thanh luc lupng chinh trj hung hau cua each mang; can bp dupe tap hop thanh dpi ngu dong dao va truong thanh.
* Y nghia:
Cupc van dpng dan chu 1936 - 1939 la mpt phong trao quan chiing rpng Ion,
CO to chuc, d u a i su lanh dao ciia Dang Cpng san Dong Duong.
Bang sue manh doan ket ciia quan chiing, da bupc chinh quyen ciia thuc dan phai nhuong bp mpt so'yeu sach cu the, truoc mat ve dan sinh, dan chii.
Qua phong trao, quan chiing dupe giae mpt ve chinh trj, da tham gia Mat tran dan tpc thong nhat, tro thanh luc lupng chinh trj hung hau ciia each mang can bp duoc tap hop thanh dpi ngii dong dao va truong thanh.
* Bai hoc kinh nghiem:
Trong qua trinh dau tranh, Dang Cpng san Dong D u o n g tich liiy dupe nhieu bai hpe kinh nghiem:
Bai hpe ve xay d u n g Mat tran thong nhat.
Bai hpe ve to chuc, lanh dao quan chiing dau tranh cong khai, hpp phap. Bai hpe ve dau tranh t u tuong trong npi bp Dang va voi dang phai chinh trj phan dpng.
Dong thoi. Dang thay dupe nhirng han che ciia minh trong cong tac mat tran, van de dan tpc...
Co the noi, phong trao dan chii 1936 - 1939 n h u cupc dien tap, chuan b| cho cupc Tong khoi nghia thang Tam sau nay.
iiong trao each mang 1936 - 1939 la cupc dien tap Ian thu hai chuan bj cho
each
mang thang Tam 1945jsjeii n h u phong trao each mang 1930 -1931 da tao ra nhiing nhan to'ca ban ^am bao cho t h i n g Ipi Cach mang thang Tam thi phong trao 1936 - 1939 lai tiep boi bo va phat trien nhung nhan to do len mpt buoc moi cao hon.
Thong qua phong trao nay. Dang da dupe truong thanh them ve t u tuong to chuc. Nen tang t u tuong ciia Dang la chii nghia Mae - Lenin cang ngay cang them tham nhuan trong t u tuong, hanh dpng ciia cac dang vien cpng san Sn sau, toa rpng trong cac tang lop nhan dan. Dang da xay d u n g va phat tri^'n dupe mpt dpi ngu can bp c6 nang luc va giau kinh nghiem, dong thoi phat trien them cae to chuc eo so, tang cuong mol day lien he voi quan chiing. Qua phong trao, nghe thuat chi dao chien lupc each mang ciia Dang, trinh dp giae ngp ciia dang vien va uy tin ciia Dang nang len mpt buoc ro ret.
Cung v o i su truong thanh ciia Dang, luc lupng each mang cung Ion manh khong ngung. Qua thuc tien dau tranh. Dang da xay d u n g mpt dpi quan chinh trj hiing hau gom hang trieu nguoi a ca thanh thj va nong thon, tap hpp trong mpt mat tran dan tpc thong nhat rpng rai. Cung qua dau tranh ma quan chiing each mang dupe toi luy^n va t h u thach day dan.
Phong trao each mang 1936 -1939 con de lai nhieu bai hpe kinh n g h i f m quy gia cho giai doan each mang sau. Do la bai hpe ve to chuc, tap hop quan chiing dau tranh; Bai hpe ve su dung hinh thuc va phuong phap dau tranh phong phii.
Phong trao each mang 1936 -1939 da chuan bj nhiiTig dieu kien can thie't de
dua Dang va quan chiing each mang buoc vao thoi ki dau tranh true tiep gianh
chinh quyen. V i vay, day la cupc dien tap Ian t h u hai chuan bj cho Cach mang
thang Tam 1945.
6. D|c diem ve hinh thuc dau tranh, nhi^m vy chinh tri, hinh thuc to chuc quan chiing, mat tran trong thai ki 1936 -1939
quan chiing, mat tran trong thai ki 1936 -1939
Ve hinh thiic dau tranh: Dau tranh cong khai, hpp phap, ban cong khai, ban '^Vp phap, bat hpp phap va bi mat. Day la thoi k i su dung hinh thiie dau tranh phong phii nhat. Chii ye'u la dau tranh chinh trj.
Ve n h i ^ m v u chinh trj: Chong bpn phan dpng thupe dja va tay sai doi cac luyen ty do, dan chu, com ao, hoa binh.
Ve hinh thuc to chuc quan chiing: Tap hpp quan chiing trong Mat tran, da loi
^ lye lupng chinh trj ciia quan chiing hang trieu nguoi dung ve phia each mang.
I Ve cong tac Mat tran: Truoc tien thanh lap Mat tran nhan dan thong nhat
de'Dong D u o n g den 3 - 1938 doi thanh Mat tran dan chii Dong D u o n g
phu hpp voi mue tieu dau tranh.
7. So sanh t h a i k i each mging nam 1930 - 1931 v a i thai k i nam 1936 - 1939
N p i d u n g 1930 -1931 1936 -1939 Ke thu De quoc Phap va bpn
phong kien tay sal ciia Phap
Khong phai la thyc da^ Phap noi chung ma la bpj^
phan dpng thupc dja va tay
sai cua chiing. N h i ? m v y Chong de quoc Phap de
gianh dpc lap dan tpc, chong phong kien de gianh rupng dat cho dan cay.
Chong phat xit, chong chie'ji tranh, chong bpn phan dprig va tay sai ciia chiing de doj t u do, dan chu, com ao, hoa binh.
M a t tran Chi thanh lap H p i phan de nhimg chua hoat dpng.
M a t tran thong nhat nhan dan phan de Dong Duong, sau doi thanh Mat tr$n Dan chii Dong D u o n g .
H i n h thiic va p h u o n g phap dau tranh
Bi mat, bat hpp phap, bao
dpng vu trang.
H p p phap, cong khai, ban cong khai.
Ket qua dat dupe The hi$n vai tro lanh dao ciia Dang. Thuc hi?n lien m i n h cong nong.
La cupc dien tap dau tien cho Cach mang thang Tarn nam 1945.
Tap hpp dupe mpt luc lupng chinh trj ciia quan chiing dong dao. Su dyng nhieu hinh thiic dau tranh phong phii.
La cupc dien tap Ian t h u hai cho Cach mang thang Tarn. N h ^ n xet So voi thoi ki 1930 - 1931, chii truong sach lupc, chie'n
lupc va hinh thiic dau tranh trong thoi k i 1936 - 1939 c6 net khac nhau. Dac bi?t la su thanh lap Mat t r ^ n nhan dan de doan ket cac lyc lupng dan chii, chong Phap doi cac quyen t y do, dan chii, com ao, hoa binh.
8. Phong trao dan chu 1936 - 1939 thu hut dupe dupe dong dko cic tang W
nhan dan tham gia va su dyng hinh thue dau tranh phong phu
* Phong trao thu hut dugc dong dao cac tang lap nhan dan: i
Sau thang cuol nam 1936, c6 361 cupc dau tranh, trong do c6 236 cupc
tranh ciia cong nhan. Tieu bieu la cupc bai cong ngay 2 3 - 1 1 ciia cong nh^
H o n Gai, Cam Pha, M o n g Duong... doi tang luong 25%.
62
N 3 m 1937, c6 400 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan. Tieu bieu la cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan xe lua N a m Dong D u o n g ngay 9 - 7 - 1937 va mo than Vang Danh ngay 28 - 9 - 1937. 15 cupc dau tranh ciia nong dan doi giam to, giam tuc... Tieu thuong 6 Ha N p i , Hai Phong, cac thanh pho va thj xa khac bai thj, doi giam thue'chp, thue hang.
N a m 1938, c6 131 cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan. Tuy so l u p n g cupc dau tranh giam so v o i nam truoc, nhung chat lupng cao hon bieu h i f n 6 trinh dp giac ngp ciia quan chiing, khau hi^u dau tranh, su lien ket dau tranh giiia cac dja phuong.
Dgc bi?t la cupc dau tranh ngay 1 - 5 - 1938. Lan dau tien, trong ngay Quoc
te Lao dpng, nhieu cupc to chiic mit tinh dupe cong khai 6 Ha N p i , Sai Gon va
nhieu noi khac, da thu hiit dong dao quan chiing tham gia.
N a m 1939, phong trao dau tranh trong 3 thang dau nam bi giam siit. Tir thang 4 phong trao len dan va dat toi dinh cao vao thang 6. Phong trao tap trung 6 nhung trung tam cong nghi^p Ion n h u Ha N p i , H a i Phong, Sai Gon, Chp Lon...
* Sit dung hinh thiec dau tranh phong phu:
L p i d y n g kha nMng dau tranh cong khai, hpp phap, ban cong khai, ban hpp
phap nen phong trao dan chii 1936 - 1939 sii d y n g nhieu hinh thiic dau tranh
phong phii:
Van dpng, to chiic quan chiing hpi hpp, thao ra ban "dan n g u y ^ n " gui den phai doan ciia Phap sang dieu tra tinh hinh Dong D u o n g .
Bai cong, bai thj, bai khoa ciia cong nhan va cac tang lop lao dpng khac. M i t tinh, bieu tinh doi cac quyen dan sinh, dan chii.
Dau tranh tren llnh v y c nghi truong, ITnh vuc bao chi.
