Textbooks write English correctly_03 doc

lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -60- BASIC PATTERNS SC AKWARD, CLUMSY, CRUEL, EVIL, CONSIDER- ATE, INCONSIDERATE, FOOLISH, STUPID, INTELLIGENT, KIND, UNKIND, NICE, MEAN, POLITE, IMPOLITE, SILLY, SENSIBLE, SENSE- LESS, TACTFUL, TACTLESS, WISE, UNWISE, THOUGHTFUL, THOUGHTLESS etc. TRUE S TO DO SOMETHING X It was kind of you to let me come. Chị ₫iïn mơi nhên lơi cều hön cua hăn. X It would be silly of you to accept that guy's proposal. Anh thưc tư tḯ ₫a giup töi thḯ nay. X It's very kind of you to help me. Chị thưc tḯ nhị ₫a khöng nhăc ₫ḯn vu ly dị cua ho. X It was very tactful of you not to mention their divorce. V verbs of report in the passive voice are usually used in this contruction: ACKNOWLEDGE, ADMIT, BELIEVE, CLAIM, DENY, ESTIMATE, EXPECT, HOPE, KNOW, OBSERVE, PREDICT, PROJECT, PROVE, REPORT, REJECT, RUMOUR, SAY, SUG- GEST, SURPRISE, THINK etc. Hều như ơ ₫êu ngươi ta cung chếp nhên răng thanh thêt la phương sach tö́t nhết. X It's universally acknowledged that honesty is the best policy. Ngươi ta tiïn ₫oan răng TQ se la möt trong nhưng cương quö́c trïn thḯ giơi vao giưa thḯ ky nay. X It is predicted that China will be one of the most powerful coun- tries in the world by the middle of this century. Ngươi ta thương noi răng tònh yïu la mu quang. X It is often said that love is blind. IT IS passiveV THAT CLAUSE lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -61- BASIC PATTERNS Ngươi ta thương noi răng ₫ưng nui nay thò hay tröng nui no. X It is often said that the grass is always greener beyond the hill. … răng duc tö́c bết ₫at. X … that haste makes waste. răng tö́t danh hơn lanh ao. X … that a good name is better than riches. răng möt con en khöng lam nö̉i mua xuên. X … that a swallow never makes a summer. NOTE TIME Möt buö̉i chiï̀u xuên, möt buö̉i chiï̀u ïm ₫ï̀m va ếm ap. X It was a spring afternoon, a warm and peace afternoon. Bao lêu nưa thò con mơi hiï̉u răng tiï̀n bac khöng phai la tết ca trïn ₫ơi nay? X How long will it be before you get to know that money is not everything in this life? Kï̉ tư khi chung ta găp nhau lền ₫ều ₫ḯn nay la 20 năm rö̀i nhỉ. X It has been about 20 years since we last met, hasn't it? DISTANCE Tư ₫êy ₫i Thu Đưc bao xa? X How far is it from here to TD? Tư ₫êy ₫ḯn ₫o khoang 20 phut ₫i bö. X It's about 10 minutes to walk from here to there. Tư ₫êy ₫i Thu Đưc mết 20 phut ₫i băng xe bus. X It's about 10 minutes to ThuDuc by bus. Tư Bangkok ₫i Tyoky khoang 4 tiḯng băng may bay. X It's about four hours flight from BKK to Tokyo by plane. WEATHER * Do not mistake the dummy subject IT for the impersonal IT, which refers to TIME, DISTANCE, WEATHER, or LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES in general. lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -62- BASIC PATTERNS Vao mua nay SG nong như ₫iïn. X It's usually hot like hell in here/in SG at this time of the year. Trong nay trơi nong như ₫iïn, ngoai ₫o thḯ nao? X It's baking hot in here, how is it out there? Thơi tiḯt ₫a lat mat me quanh năm. X It is usually cool in DL all year round. LIFE CIRCUMSTANCE Sai gon thay ₫ö̉i nhiï̀u lăm tư khi anh ₫i. X It has changed a lot in SG since you left. Tònh hònh Trung Đöng ngay cang căng thăng. X It has been increasingly tense in the Middle East recently. Dao nay tònh hònh du lịch ngay cang canh tranh. X It's getting very competitive in tourism. NOTE X The Salinas Valley is in Northern California. It is a long narrow swale between two ranges of mountains, and the Salinas River winds and twists up the center until it falls at last into Monter- ery Bay. X The river tore the edges of the farm lands and washed whole acres down; it toppled barns and houses into itself, to go float- ing and bobbing away. It trapped cows and pigs and sheep and drowned them in its muddy brown water and carried them to the sea. X The wind blew down the valley, picking up dust and straws, and grew stronger and harsher as it went south. It stopped in the evening. X You must name a thing before you can note it on your hand- drawn map. (John Steinbeck, East of Eden) Töi co möt căn nha nho trong möt hem cut trong möt xom lao ₫öng ngheo. X I have a small house; it is in a blind alley in a slum neighbor- hood. NOTE THE IT EXPLETIVE AS AN EMPHASIZER Also do not mistake the dummy S IT for the pronoun IT. lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -63- BASIC PATTERNS The IT expletive as the emphasizer of the subject of a sentence The IT expletive as the emphasizer of the object of a sentence. The IT expletive as the emphasizer of the object of a verb The IT expletive as the emphasizer of an adverbial expression (*** see further details in Lesson 6, Interesting Matters of English Syntax, The It Emphasizer) 7. PATTERN 7 - THE PATTERN WITH THE THERE-EXPLETIVE BE exist M may be a single word, a phrase or a clause, which is a that clause (appositive) Co bao nhiïu cöng ty ngoai quö́c ơ viït nam? X How many foreign companies are there in Vietnam? Co gò trong höp vêy? X What is there in the box? Co gò trong trai tim em vêy? X What is there in your heart? Ơ ₫êu co möt ngươi ₫an öng như vêy hơ me? X Where is there such a man, mother? Töñ nay TV co gò hay khöng? X Is there any thing interesting on TV tonight? Hay liït kï nhưng thư nguy hiï̉m co trong nha. X List the kinds of danger that there are in the house. Co möt anh chang ₫ang chơ ngoai cö̉ng. X There is a boy waiting for you at the gate. Ngay mai co nhiï̀u viïc lăm. X There are many things to do tomorrow. Luön co nhiï̀u ngươi lương gat ₫ï̉ kiḯm sö́ng. X There are always people who cheat for a living. P: BE trueS THERE M lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -64- BASIC PATTERNS Co tin ₫ö̀n răng chị săp lêp gia ₫ònh vao tuền tơi, co thêt vêy khöng? X There is a rumor that you are getting married next week, is that true. Co cêu noi răng ₫ưng nui nay thò hay tröng nui no. There is a saying that the grass is always greener beyond the hill. Co tin ₫ö̀n răng chñnh phu săp pha gia tiï̀n khoang 10% X There is a rumor that the government is going to devalue the DONG about 10%. a. Pattern 7A V APPEAR; HAPPEN; SEEM; USED + TO BE CAN/COULD; MAY/MIGH/HAVE TO; OUGHT TO; SHOULD + BE M single word, phrase, or a clause, which is a THAT CLAUSE (appositive) H̀ònh như co chut hiï̉u lềm giưa anh va cö ta. X There seems to be some misunderstanding b/w you and her. Trươc kia trong tim cö ếy khöng co nhiï̀u hên thu như thḯ. X There didn't use to be so much hatred in her heart. Cền phai co nhưng ₫ao luêt tö́t hơn ₫ï̉ thu hut nhưng nha ₫ều tư nươc ngoai. X There must be better laws to attract foreign investors. Phai co nhưng tiïn ñch tö́t hơn ₫ï̉ thu hut moi ngươi. X There must be better facilites to attract people. Hònh như khöng co ai săn long giup ₫ơ. X There seems to be nobody willing to help me. SEEM TO BE trueS CAN/COULD BE THERE M lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -65- BASIC PATTERNS b. Pattern 7B V ARISE, ARRIVE, COME, LIVE, GO, etc. Se tơi möt luc ma con hiï̉u răng tiï̀n bac khöng phai la moi thư trïn ₫ơi. X There comes a time when you get to know that money is not everything in this life. Ngay xưa ngay xưa co möt öng lao ₫anh ca ngheo sö́ng vơi ₫ưa con gai ₫öc nhết bïn canh möt dong söng. X Once upon a time, there lived a poor fisherman with his only daughter by a river. Đa co möt vến ₫ï̉ nay sinh trong cuöc thao luên cua chung töi. X There arised a new problem during our discussion. Cö dêu tơi kòa. X There comes the bride. NOTE Đếy la bưc tương töi ₫ang noi tơi. X There is the statue I was talking about. No kòa, chỉ cền re trai ơ bưu ₫iïn. X There it is, just turn to the left of the post office. Ho tơi kòa! X There they come! Cai non bay kòa! X There goes the hat! No chay kòa! X There he goes! COME/ARISE trueS THERE M * Take care NEVER mistake the THERE-Expletive with the adverb THERE in the initial position. lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -66- BASIC PATTERNS c. Pattern 7C Cư luön than phiï̀n thò chăng ñch gò. X There is no use/good in complaining all the time. Cư tiḯp tuc chơ ₫ơi thḯ nay thò chăng ly gò hḯt. There is no point in waiting on like this. Cho ai thư gò mònh khöng cền nưa thò chăng tö́t lanh gò. X There is no merit in giving away something one no longer need. d. 1 Pattern 7D Khöng thï̉ noi ₫ươc cuöc chiḯn ơ Trung Đöng bao giơ se thưc sư chếm dưt. X There is no telling when the war in Middle East will actually come to an end. Khöng thï̉ tiïn ₫oan ₫ươc tương lai. X There is no predicting the future. Khöng thï̉ hiï̉u nö̉i trai tim cua ngươi phu nư. X There is no understanding a woman's heart. Khöng thï̉ noi ₫ươc chuyïn gò se xay ra nḯu chung ta cư tiḯp tuc ơ ₫êy. X There is no telling what will happen if we still hang around. Khöng thï̉ noi ₫ươc chuyïn gò se xay ra nḯu ho hiï̉u y nghĩ thêt cua nhau. X There is no telling what will happen if they know each other’s true thoughts. THERE IS NO (GOOD/POINT/USE/MERIT) IN DOING ST 1. THERE IS NO ACCOUNTING FOR TASTE [IDM] She thinks he’s wonderful. Oh well, there is no accounting for taste! THERE BE NO DOING ST = IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DO ST lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -67- BASIC PATTERNS Some other verbs can be used with this construction are BELIEVE, EXPECT, HATE, HOPE, LIKE, PREFER, WANT, WISH etc. Bö́ muö́n co sư bònh an trong căn nha khö́n nan nay. X I want there to be peace in this poor family. Bö́ muö́n co thêt nhiï̀u tiï̀n cho con. I want to have a lot of money to give you enough. Chung töi mong muö́n co nhiï̀u cai tö̉ hơn ơ Viït Nam trong năm tơi. X We expect there to be more reforms in VN next year. X We hope there to be enough ponies for all of us, for it would not be safe to hang around here any longer. (Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings) B. THE PATTERNS THAT PRODUCE SIMPLE OR COMPLEX SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE VOICE. X Football is played a lot in S.A. X His son was killed in the war. X My school, the tallest building in the neighborhood, was built in 1890. X Cuttings of red geraniums and rosebushes were planted in the dooryard. (J.S, East of Eden) THERE TO BE + SOMETHING THERE existence ; HAVE possestion * Active sentences and passive sentences are two different kinds of sentences. It means that we use an active sen- tence when we need one; and we use a passive sentence when we need one. It means also that you should review the cases the passive voice is used. * About 20% of English sentences are written in the Pas- sive voice. lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -68- BASIC PATTERNS X My car has been stolen! 1. PATTERN 8 Use Pattern 8 when (1) The doer of the action is not mentioned. X He was killed in WWII. X The plan had been changed when we got there. X How long ago was this school built? (2) The doer of the action is not necessary or is not known. X Paper is made into many products. X We are often taught never to steal anything. X We are often taught that a swallow never makes summer. 2. PATTERN 9 TO TEACH SOMEBODY SOMETHING TO TELL SOMEBODY (NOT ) TO DO SOMETHING TO ALLOW SOMEBODY (NOT) TO DO SOMETHING S P: V O S passive verb P2 P8 M M M S P: V O1 O2 S passiveV RO P3 P9 M M M M lesson 3 - The Basic Patterns -69- BASIC PATTERNS X I was told not to wait for you here. X I was told that we are going to have a new boss. X If children are allowed to do whatever they please, they are likely to go wrong. 3. PATTERN 10 Ngươi ta thếy khoi bö́c lïn tư phña sau tram xăng. X Smoke was seen rising from behind the gas station. Ngươi ta thếy thăng be vao tiïm nay 3 lền höm nay. X The boy was seen 1 to enter this shop 3 times today. Ngươi ta thếy cö ta năm ngết xỉu gền cö̉ng. X She has been found lying unconscious by the gate. Cö ta ₫ươc chon la ngươi mễu trong năm. X She has been chosen to be the Fashion Model of the year. Öng ta ₫ươc ₫ưa lïn ngöi vao năm 1053. X He was made King in 1503. 1. TO INFINITIVE trong mễu 10 ₫ong vai tro cua möt OC, ngoai ra con hỉ sư hoan tết cua hanh ₫öng. S P: V O OC S passiveV SC P4 P10 M M M M [...]... - The Basic Patterns -70- lesson 4 - Compound Expressions lesson 4 1 How to Write a Compound Sentence 2 BASIC PATTERNS Compound Expressions How to Write Compound Components of a Sentence -71- lesson 4 - Compound Expressions I HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES In other words, in this session you will find the different ways to write compound sentences consisting of two IC's, with or without DC's A WAY... gò cung ₫ươc You have in abundance what I don’t have: you have money in abundance, which can buy almost anything now -78- lesson 4 - Compound Expressions II HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND COMPONENT OF A SENTENCE There are three different ways to write the compound component of a sentence: SENTENCE 1 8 Absolute Expression S 2 M 3 4 5 6 P: V (O) (OC) (SC) 7 M Subject: compound or simple 6 Predicate: compound... be better laws to woo them back The music was wonderful, the food was delicious, and the sweetness of the host and hostess added to our enjoyment (a,b, and c) -83- HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND COMPONENT OF A SENTENCE (a,b and c) HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND COMPONENT OF A SENTENCE lesson 4 - Compound Expressions -84- ... EXPRESSIONS These conjunctive adverbial expressions are usually single words or phrases and may be roughly divided into 8 groups as follows: GROUP 1 Consists of words and phrases that add information: HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES ALSO, ADDITIONALLY, BESIDES, FURTHERMORE, IN ADDITION, MOREOVER etc GROUP 2 Consists of words and phrases that give examples or illustrate a point: FOR INSTANCE, FOR EXAMPLE, IN... to climb downhill and to climb uphill; likewise, it's harder to live one's old agethan to live one's youth Bö́ cö ta thònh lònh chḯt ₫i; vò thḯ, cö ta phai bo y ₫ịnh hoc lïn ₫ai hoc -75- HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES Alice biḯt tiḯng Phap va tiḯng Hoa; thïm vao ₫o, co ta lai con biḯt tö́c ky nưa Alice knows French and Chinese; in addition, she knows shorthand lesson 4 - Compound... develop the same point of view Töi ₫a gac bo qua khư lai ₫ang sau; töi quyḯt ₫ịnh băt ₫ều möt cuöc sö́ng mơi I've decided to leave the past behind; I've decided to start a new life HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES Tònh yïu la lưa; thư khöng thï̉ ₫ua giơn ₫ươc Love is fire; something not to toy with Hanh phuc la möt chu chim nho rut re; chu chim thương vut canh bay ₫i khi... The way up to Heaven is long and hard; the way down to Hell is short and easy CASE 3 The semicolon introduces another clause that expresses another detail or another aspect of a picture or situation the writer wishes to convey Hai chuc năm trươc, nơi nay chỉ la möt ngöi lang ₫anh ca nho; bêy giơ no trơ thanh möt thanh phö́ nghỉ mat nö̉i tiḯng ca nươc Two decades ago, this place was... STH/SB (AGAINST/FR ST) to protect sb/sth from loss, harm or damage * the new card will safeguard the company against fraud * the leaflet explains how to safeguard against dangers in the home -77- HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES Anh ₫i ₫ương anh; em ₫i ₫ương em Tònh nghĩa ₫öi ta co thḯ thöi You go your way; I, mine Between us, there is nothing left lesson 4 - Compound Expressions Hai tuền trươc... we desire what we tomorrow fear E WAY 5 - THE USE OF THE COLON The colon introduces a clause that gives a reason or an explanation In this case the colon means almost the same as BECAUSE or FOR HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES IC1 : IC2 IC1 ; THAT IS TO SAY, IC2 (1) We must let John go (2) We can not afford John such a high salary We must let John go: we can not afford him such a high salary Bai lam... between two situations of equal importance BUT shows an opposite piece of information or situation NOR rejects both piece of information FOR links an effect to a cause SO links a cause to an effect HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES IC1 , COORDINATOR IC2 AND Töi yïu cö ta thưc long, va töi muö́n cươi cö ta lam vơ I love her truly, and I want to marry her AND + the adverb 'either' Khöng thï̉ nao nai . Expressions 1 How to Write a Compound Sentence 2 How to Write Compound Components of a Sentence lesson 4 - Compound Expressions -72- HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES I. HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND SENTENCES In. Compound Expressions -79- HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND COMPONENT OF A SENTENCE II. HOW TO WRITE COMPOUND COMPONENT OF A S ENTENCE There are three different ways to write the compound compo- nent of. the Fashion Model of the year. Öng ta ₫ươc ₫ưa lïn ngöi vao năm 1053. X He was made King in 1 503. 1. TO INFINITIVE trong mễu 10 ₫ong vai tro cua möt OC, ngoai ra con hỉ sư hoan tết