Textbooks write English correctly_06 potx

lesson 5 - The Phrases -129- THE PARTICIPLE PHRASE The detective, standing at the corner of the street, watches the woman moving in her bed room. (iii) The Post Position (b) Subject is a Pronoun Depend on the context, there are two positions as below: (i) The Initial Position Having money, she has had alnost everything except real good days. (ii) The post position He hurried came to see her, not knowing she was dead two months ago. b. The Use of Participle Phrase as OC Ngươi ta thếy khoi bö́c lïn tư phña sau tram xăng. Smoke was seen rising from behind the gas station. Ngươi ta phat hiïn viïn canh sat năm chḯt ơ goc ₫ương. The policeman was found lying dead at the corner of the street. Khi trơ lai, töi thếy ngươi gac dan năm chḯt ơ gền cö̉ng. When I got back, I found the janitor lying dead by the gate. S (noun) , PP , the rest of the sentence S (noun) + the rest of the sentence , PP . PP, S ( pronoun) + the rest of the sentence S (pronoun) + the rest of the sentence , PP . lesson 5 - The Phrases -130- THE PARTICIPLE PHRASE c. The Use of PP in Nominative Absolute Phrase Höm nay chu nhêt, moi văn phong ₫ï̀u ₫ong cưa. Today being Sunday, all government offices are closed. Öng gia, ₫ưa con trai duy nhết bị giḯt trong chiḯn tranh, hiïn ₫ang sö́ng möt mònh trong möt tup lï̀u canh bơ söng. The old man, his only son killed in the war, is now living alone in small hut by the river. Mua thu ₫a ₫ḯn, la băt ₫ều nga vang. Autumn having come, leaves are beginning to turn yellow. Nang chay ra cưa, toan thên rung lïn vò xuc ₫öng. She ran quickly to the door, her body trembling with excitement. d. Participle Phrase Used as Absolute Particle A few participle, through usage, are allowed to stand as ‘abso- lute particle’ even though they are, strictly speaking, dangling participles. GENERALLY SPEAKING, STRICTLY SPEAK- ING, FRANKLY SPEAKING, POLITICALLY SPEAKING etc. Frankly speaking, I don’t like your boy friend much. e. Participle Used as Preposition Some participle have come to function as preposition for all practical purposes. ACCORDING TO, BARRING, CON- CERNING, EXCEPTING, EXCLUDING, INCLUDING, FOL- LOWING, REGARDING, OWING, WANTING etc. Wanting honesty, true friendship is impossible. Following the decision by the court, violence broke out in many places in south California. lesson 5 - The Phrases -131- THE PARTICIPLE PHRASE (prepositional phrase) 1. Dangling PP A PP functions as an adjective and therefore we ought to fasten it immediately and unerringly to a substan- tive (a noun or pronoun) that indicates its agency. If not, it is said to be dangling. Coming to the room, the center table was seen to have been moved to one side. In this case, the phrase has nothing to fasten itself to and is therefore dangling. Coming to the room, we saw the center table has been moved to one side. 2. Discriminate between PP and NAP Care should be taken not to confuse between PP and NAP. Having been late 3 times in the week, the janitor has been dis- missed. (pp=appositive adjective) The janitor having been late 3 times in the week, has been dis- missed. (pp used in NAP) lesson 5 - The Phrases -132- THE GERUND PHRASE IV. THE GERUND PHRASE A. THE GERUND 1. WHAT IS A GERUND? The gerund is a verb form ending in ING form and normally used as a noun. Thếy tưc la tin. Seeing is believing. Tiḯng kïu vo vo cua muö̃i. The whinning of the mosquitos. Tiḯng chim hot trong vươn ₫anh thưc töi dêy. The singing/chirping of the birds in the garden woke me up. Tiḯng chuöng lanh canh cua ngươi ban kem thêt la thu vị. It’s fun to listen to the jingling of the bells of the icecream man. Tiḯng roc rach cua dong suö́i ₫ưa töi vao giếc ngu. The chattering of the brook reeled me to sleep. Tiḯng ong vo vo kiḯm mêt. The buzzling of the bees hunting nectar. Chung töi nghe tiḯng ₫ai bac döi tư xa. We heard the pounding of the artillery from away. Nha lanh ₫ao mơi co möt sư ung hö lêu dai. The new leader has a long backing. Chung ta phai lam gò ₫o  ₫ï̉ ₫on năm mơi chư. Let’s do something to welcome the coming of the new year/ springtime, shall we? Töi lăng nghe tiḯng chim se chiïm chiḯp trong bui. I listened to the chirping of the sparrow in the bushes. Töi lăng nghe tiḯng mưa löp ₫öp trïn mai nha. I listened to the pattering of the rain on the roof. Tiḯng sếm ềm ềm tư xa văng lai. There came in distance the rumbling of the thunder. lesson 5 - The Phrases -133- THE GERUND PHRASE Tiḯng gao ru cua gio qua cac răng cêy. The howling of the wind through the trees. 2. WHAT IS THE USE OF GERUND? In as much as a noun may function as an adjective, a gerund may also function as an adjective which expresses the activity, the use or the purpose of the thing or person indicated by the noun. And after that the Gerund and the noun function as one unit and must not be set off. The manufacturing company. A thriving manufacturing company A trading company A prosperous trading company A fishing village / A mining town Drinking water / Fishing village Mining town / Washing water Rocking chair / Sliding door A few gerunds may function as adverb. It’s burning hot here. Möt cuöc sö́ng khöng co muc ₫ñch thò khöng ₫ang sö́ng. A life without purpose is not worth living. Cö́ găng nay khöng ₫ang ₫ï̉ lam. The effort is not worth making. Tết ca chung töi ₫ï̀u ươt nhep. We all got dripping soaking/wringing/drenching wet. Trong nay trơi khö ran. It’s now parching dry down here. GERUND + NOUN lesson 5 - The Phrases -134- THE GERUND PHRASE B. THE GERUND PHRASE 1. WHAT IS A GERUND PHRASE? The gerund phrase is a syntactic unit which consists of a gerund and any complement(s) or modifier(s) it may take. The Gerung phrase is normally used as a noun. It seems there’s some misunderstanding between you and me. It takes understanding, sympathy and forgiveness to build a happy marriagge 2. WHAT IS THE BASIC FORM OF THE GP? There are four forms of GP: 1/ Present GP in active voice 2/ Perfect GP in active voice 3/ Present GP in passive voice 4/ Perfect FP in passive voice 3. HOW IS THE GP MADE NEGATIVE? Möt sö́ ngươi bị phat vò khöng tön trong nöi qui nay. Some people was fined for not observing this rule. active passive present perfect Doing Having done Having been done Being done active passive present perfect NOT Doing NOT Having done NOT Having been done NOT Being done lesson 5 - The Phrases -135- THE GERUND PHRASE Hăn bị buöc töi la khöng chăm soc gia ₫ònh ₫ềy ₫u. He was charged not taking enough care of his family. 4. HOW IS THE GP MODIFIED? The GP may be modified by a possessive adjective(s) or adjec- tive equivalent(s). Xin lö̃i vï̀ sư trï̃ nai cua töi. Sorry for my being late. Töi hut thuö́c co phiï̀n anh khöng? Do you mind my smoking? Thưa öng, öng co phiï̀n nḯu ngay mai töi khöng ₫i lam? Sir, do you mind my not working tomorrow? C. THE USE OF GP 1. THE USE OF GP AS A NOUN a. The Use of GP As the Subject of a Sentence Mastering a language takes time, hard-work and patience. Choosing friends is no easy job. Working is the only to success. Marrying a lazy man is marrying a devil. Living a life is climbing up and then down a hill. Note that Patttern 6 is more common than Patern 5 in this case. It takes time, hard work and patience to master a language. It’s no easy job to choose friends. Also, pay attention to these constructions: lesson 5 - The Phrases -136- THE GERUND PHRASE Cư phan nan vï̀ chuyïn ₫a qua như thḯ thò khöng ñch gò ca. It’s no use complaining about the past. Khoc trïn chuyïn ₫a rö̀i thò khöng co ñch gò ca. It’s no point crying over spilt milk. Khöng ai noi trươc ₫ươc khi nao My ₫anh Iraq. It’s impossible to predict when the US will … There is no telling when the US will begin to attack Iraq. Khöng thï̉ ₫oan trươc ₫ươc tương lai. It’s impossible to predict the future. There is no predicting the future. Khöng thï̉ noi ₫oan trươc ₫ươc ₫ḯn khi nao thò sư xung ₫öt giưa Isarel va Palestine se chếm dưt. It’s impossible to predict when the conflict There is no predicting when the conflict between Isarel and palestine will come to an end. b. The Use of GP as the DO of a Verb A number of verbs always take the GP, never IP, as their DO such as: ADMIT, APPRECIATE, AVOID, CAN’T HELP, CONSIDER, DENY, DELAY, ENJOY, FINISH, MIND, MISS, PRACTICE, POSTPONE, PREFER, QUIT, RECALL REGRET, RESUME SUGGEST, STOP and TAKE etc. Chung ta hay khoan quyḯt ₫ịnh cho ₫ḯn khi co thïm thöng tin mơi. We should postpone making decision until we have had more infor- IT [BE] NO use good point merit DOING ST trueS THERE [BE] NO DOING ST IT [BE] IMPOSSITBLE TO DO ST lesson 5 - The Phrases -137- THE GERUND PHRASE mation. Anh ₫ï̀ nghị mai lam gò? What do you suggest doing tomorrow? Töi ₫ï̀ nghị ₫i thăm viïn bao tang. I suggest visiting the museum. Cưng a, anh luön luön thñch ơ bïn em. Honey, I’ve always enjoyed being with you. Bö́ me töi khöng bao giơ chịu cho töi ₫i chơi trï̃ hơn 10 giơ tö́i. My parents have never tolerated my staying out late than 10 pm Anh ₫a viḯt xong luên an chưa? Have you finished writing your thesis? Anh hay ăn nhiï̀u trai cêy xem. You should try eating more fruits. Sao anh khöng thư năm sếp möt luc xem. Why don’t you try lying on your stomatch for a while? Töi ghet bị thuc hö́i. I hate being rushed. VERB D.O. TO DO ST / DOING ST TRY FORGET REMEMBER VERB of PREFERENCE D.O. TO DO ST DISLIKE / LIKE HATE / LOVE PREFER etc. DOING ST DO=GP chỉ y thñch muön thuơ lesson 5 - The Phrases -138- THE GERUND PHRASE Töi thñch ₫i trong mưa. I prefer walking in the rain. c. The Use of GP as True O Töi thếy sö́ng ơ möt thị trến nho la phñ hoai. I find it a waste living in this small town Töi thếy ơ nha khöng co chuyïn gò lam rết chan. I find it boring staying at home and having nothing to do. Töi thếy ngay nao cung lam möt thư chuyïn rết chan. I find it boring doing the same thing day after day. d. The Use of GP as the SC Đêy la chơ cui vï̀ rưng. This is carrying coal back to New Castle. Niï̀m vui cua bö́ me töi suö́t ₫ơi la thếy chung töi sung sương. Our parents’pleasure has been seeing us happy. Sö́ng la leo lïn va leo xuö́ng möt ngon ₫ö̀i. Living a life is climbing up and down a hill. e. The Use Of GP as The O of the Preposition COMPLAIN ABOUT SOMETHING Cang ngay cang co nhiï̀u ngươi phan nan vï̀ viïc ngay nao cung phai lam möt thư chuyïn ma thö̀i. More and more people are complaining about having to do the same thing day after day. SUCCEED IN DOING SOMETHING V + O preposition + GP NOUN preposition + GP ADJECTIVE preposition + GP (adverbial phrase) (adjectival phrase) (adverbial phrase) [...]... NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE PHRASE lesson 5 - The Phrases -150- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax lesson 6 1 Expletive 2 Inversion 3 Shifts 4 Ellipses 5 THE NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE PHRASE Interesting Matters of English Syntax Absolute Expression -151- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax There are five matters of English syntax one needs to understand if one is to do complete syntactical analisis... function, it has a very important rhetorical value, which we shall see in our discussion later How many expletives are there in English? The following expletives are showed by the most important 1 IT 2 THERE 3 FOR AS 4 OF THE EXPLETIVE 5 6 -152- OR lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax 1 THE IT EXPLETIVE a The It Expletive As The Dummy Subject In this case, the IT-Expletive has an important rhetorical... case, the IT-Expletive has an important rhetorical value: it permits placing a grammatical subject after its verb without any resulting confusion in meaning at all And this is due to the fact that in English longer and heavier structures usually come last These structures usually have the highest information value In other words, when the subject is a phrase, normally an IP or a clause, the IT-Expletive... universally acknowledged that honesty is the best policy Ngươi ta tiïn ₫oan răng TQ se la möt trong nhưng cương quö́c trïn thḯ giơi vao giưa thḯ ky nay -153- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax It is predicted that China will be one of the most powerful countries in the world by the middle of this country Do not mistake the dummy subject IT for the impersonal IT, which refers to... khöng phai tiï̀n tai, danh vong hay quyï̀n lưc ₫a khiḯn con ngươi ₫au khö̉ It is ignorance, not money, power or fame that has made men suffered for ages now -154- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax Đïm ₫o, co le chñnh trai tim rö̀ng ₫a lam öng manh me ₫ḯn thḯ Cung co le chỉ vò niï̀m khoan khoai ma öng ₫a co trong luc ₫i săn, cung vơi viïc hiï̉u răng öng ₫a hanh... about the bad working conditions, not the wages Chñnh ₫iï̀u kiïn lam viïc xếu ma cöng nhên phan nan, chư khöng phai lương hương -155- THE EXPLETIVE IT [BE] lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax It is the bad conditions that the workers are complaining about, not the wages Anh ₫ang ₫ö́i pho vơi möt con ngươi, chư khöng phai möt cai may You are dealing with a human being,... the news of the death Chỉ ₫ḯn luc ₫o töi mơi biḯt tònh yïu cua nang danh cho töi ₫a hḯt rö̀i It was only then that I realized her love for me was gone -156- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax • ADVERBIAL EXPRESSION = PHRASES Cö ta lếy hăn chỉ vò thương hai ma thöi She married him out of pity It was only out of pity that she married him Chñnh tai möt buö̉i party ma töi... ₫i ma thöi One normally gets to know the true value of something only after one has lost it It is after one has lost something that one gets to know its true value lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax The verb BE meaning ‘to exist’ is usually used with THEREExpletive THERE P: BE trueS M Ngươi ta noi trïn thiïn ₫ương chỉ co sư sung sương ma thöi, nhưng thỉnh thoang töi tư hoi