Textbooks write English correctly_08 pptx

lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -186- SHIFT a. The Idea of Time Cö dêu lơn hơn chu rï̉ 10 tuö̉i. The bride is 10 years older than the groom. Chung ta ₫a trï̃ so vơi han ₫ịnh la 2 tuền. We are about 2 weeks behind the schedule. Dễu cach nhau ca möt thḯ hï, chung töi co rết nhiï̀u ₫iï̉m tương ₫ö̀ng. Though we’re a generation apart, we have many things in common. Cach ₫êy khoang 20 năm, nơi nay la möt thị trến mo nho, bêy giơ no ₫a la möt trong nhưng khu cöng nghiïp lơn nhết nươc. About 2 decades ago, this place was only a small mining town, now it becomes one of the largest industrial area in the country. Chung töi tơi ₫o trươc Giang Sinh hai ngay. We arrvied there 2 days before Christmas. Ngön ngư hoc bêy giơ cung ₫a ₫ươ c 4 thḯ ky rö̀i. Linguistic is now nearly four centuries old. b. The Idea of Degree Nha anh lơn hơn nha töi gền 3 lền. Your house is nearly three times larger than mine. Khi hoa bònh trơ lai, chung ta se xêy dưng möt nươc Viït Nam 10 lền tươi ₫ep hơn. When peace is back again, we will build a 10 times more beautiful VN. Gia sinh hoat hiïn thơi cao hơm 6 thang ₫ều năm khoang 3%. The cost of living is about 3% higher at present than in the first 6 months of the year. c. The Idea of Distance Qua bom phat nö̉ gền chö̃ chung töi ₫ưng khoang 20 m The bomb exploded nearly 20m from where we were standing Đo la möt thung lung văng ve ơ vao phña têy băc cua thanh phö́ ₫a lat khoang 30 km. lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -187- SHIFT It was a solitary valley about 30km northwest of Dalat. Dễu chung ta cach nhau möt ₫ai dương, anh vễn luön trong têm tương cua em. Though we are an ocean apart, you are always in my thoughts d. A GP used as an ADVERB Trong nay trơi nong như lưa. It’s baking hot in here. Ngoai kia trơi nong bö́c khoi. It’s steaming hot out there. Nươc trong hö̀ nong như luöc da. The water in the lake is scalding hot. Möt cuöc sö́ng khöng muc ₫ñch thò khöng ₫ang sö́ng. A life without purpose is hardly worth living. 2. ADVERBS USED AS NOUN a. Single Adverb of Time and Place BY NOW, BY THEN, SINCE THEN, UNTIL THEN, FROM NOW ON, FROM THEN ON, IN HERE, OUT THERE, UP HERE, DOWN THERE, UP THERE, OVER THERE, OVER HERE, FROM HERE, TO THERE, OUT THERE etc. Tơi giơ töi ₫a gưi ₫i khoang 20 ₫ơn xin viïc, nhưng töi chưa nhên ₫ươc phuc ₫ap nao ca. By now, I have sent out about 20 applications, but I haven’t got any reply yet. Ho ₫a ra ₫i vao năm 75, va tư ₫o ₫ḯn giơ chung töi khöng nghe gò vï̀ ho ca. They left in 75, and since then we haven’t heard from them again. b. A Few Adverbs are Pluralized to be Nouns UPS and DOWNS, INS and OUTS etc. Biï̉n tònh luön co nhiï̀u thăng trềm. There’re always ups and downs in the sea of love. lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -188- SHIFT Möt nï̀n giao duc tö́t la möt nï̀n giao duc giup ngươi ta ₫ö́i diïn vơi nhưng thăng trềm cua cuöc sö́ng möt cach bònh than. A good education is one that helps one to face the ups and downs in life with calmness. Tu Ba day nang Kiï̀u nhưng ngoc ngach cua nghï̀ ca ky. Tu Ba teaches Kieu the ins and outs of the geisha business. Töi ₫a trai qua nhiï̀u thăng trềm trong cuöc ₫ơi khö́n nan cua töi. I’ve gone through many ups and downs in my damn life. Chung ta cền möt ngươi biḯt ro nhưng ngoc ngach cua luêt phap Viït Nam. We need a person who knows the ins and outs of the Vietnamese law. c. The Adverbs NOT and SO These adverbs are normally used after verbs such as EXPECT, BELIEVE, HOPE, GUESS, SURPRISE etc. Tö́i nay cö ta tơi khöng? Is she coming tonight? Töi nghĩ vêy. I think so / I think not =I don’t think so) d. The Here - The Now 3. NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVES AS NOUNS a. Nouns As Adjective N1 May be single or plural or an acronym. It functions as an adjective indicated the use, the activity or the name N1 + N2 single unit lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -189- SHIFT of the O indicated by N2. Remember that N1+N2 make up one single unit. Lươi ca: Fishing net Truyï̀n thöng ₫ai chung: The mass media Vï tinh viï̃n thöng: A communication Satellite Hop bao: A press conference Phai ₫oan thương mai: A Trade Commission Nư bac sĩ: Woman doctor Nư sĩ quan: Woman officer Lươc: Hair-brush Chuöng cưa: Door-bell Greeting card: Thiïp chuc mưng Ban chai ₫anh răng: Tooth-brush Thuö́c ₫anh răng: Tooth-paste Ban chai ₫anh giềy: Shoe-brush There are a number of nouns in English which are normally in plural form: Khu phưc hơp thï̉ thao: A sports complex Tap chñ thï̉ thao: A sports magazines Nganh cöng nghiïp ₫iïn: The electronic industries Cưa hang quền ao: Clothes Store Quềy bao: News-stand Thiïp chuc mưng: Greetings-card Cưa hang măt kñnh: Glasses-store Trương muc tiḯt kiïm: Savings-account Ban tin: News-report Đoi tin: News-famine = a time when it is hard to get news Acronym Tö̉ng hanh dinh NATO: The NATO headquarters lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -190- SHIFT Nan nhên SIDA: the AIDS victim Dư an cua quy phat trïỉn LHQ: A UNDP Project Höi nghị thương ₫ỉnh ASEAN: An ASEAN summit meeting Gerund normally refers to the use of the activity indicated by the noun. Dịch vu ngên hang ơ Viït Nam vễn con han chḯ. Banking services in Vietnam are still limited. Sưc mua cua : The buying power of CN chuyï̉n vên: A shipping industry Toa hang ăn: Dinning wagon Đa mai dao: Grinning stone GĐ Quang cao: An Advertising Manager Nơi căm trai: Camping area Hö̀ bơi: Swimming pool Ky nghï ₫anh ca: Shipping Industry Trung têm mua săm: Shopping Center May may: Sewing machine Nươc may: Running water (nươc ₫ang chay: running water) Thị trến khai thac mo: Mining town Kñnh lup: Magnifying Glass Nganh thiḯt kḯ thơi trang Fashion designing Nghï̀ thiḯt kḯ thơi trang la möt nghï̀ con non tre ơ VN. Fashion designing is still a young business in VN. GERUND + N2 single unit N + GERUND single unit lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -191- SHIFT Viïc day ngön ngư la möt cöng viïc năng nhoc. Language teaching is a hard job indeed. Leo nui: Rock climbing Đa ga: Cock fighting Lươt song: Wave lifting / Surf riding/ water skiing Trươt băng: Ice Skating Nhay du: Sky diving b. Adjective as Nouns An adjective may functions as a noun Natural Adjective Ngươi ngheo co vến ₫ï̀ cua ngươi ngheo; ngươi giau co vến ₫ï̀ cua ho. The poor have their worries; the rich, their own. Khoang cach giưa ngươi giau va ngươi ngheo ngay cang röng thïm. The gap between the haves and the have-nots seems to be getting wider and wider. Mưa rơi ₫ï̀u trïn nhưng ngươi ngheo cung như ngươi giều. Rain falls upon the rich and the poor alike. Me Teresa suö́t ₫ơi la möt ngươi ban cua nhưng ngươi neo ₫ơn va khö̉ sơ. Mother Teresa was a friend of the needy and the miserable all her life. Cai ₫ep thò luön kho vươn tơi. The beautiful is always hard to reach. Concrete RICH POOR DEAD NEEDY MISERABLE Abstract GOOD EVIL BEAUTIFUL NORMAL ABNORMAL lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -192- SHIFT Cai thiïn va cai ac chỉ la hai măt cua möt ₫ö̀ng xu. The good and the bad are the two sides of the same coin. Nhưng ngươi kem trñ cền ₫ươc giup ₫ơ nhiï̀u hơn. The mentally retarded need better help. Cền nhiï̀u trương hoc cho ngươi khuyḯt têt. There should be more school for the handicapped. Trên chiḯn giưa cai thiïn va cai ac la möt trên chiḯn khöng bao giơ kḯt thuc. The battle between the good and the evil is an endless battle. Ngươi giau dương như ngay cang giau hơn; ngươi ngheo dương như ngay cang ngheo thïm. The rich seems to be richer; the poor, poorer. Derived Adjectives Derived adjectives formed by the use of suffixes: • HOME - HOMELESS - THE HOMELESS • HELP - HELPLESS - THE HELPLESS • NEED - NEEDY - THE NEEDY Chñnh quyï̀n thanh phö́ phai co nhưng biïn phap tñch cưc ₫ï̉ giup ₫ơ nhưng ngươi vö gia cư trong thanh phö́. The city government should have positive measures to help the homeless in the city. Chung ta phai cö́ găng hơn nưa ₫ï̉ giup ₫ơ nhưng ngươi neo ₫ơn. We should take better care of the needy and the helpless. c. Adjectives from the Present Participles and the Past Parti- ciples Chung töi, nhưng ngươi ky tïn dươi ₫êy, tuyïn bö́… We, the undersigned, declare that … Nhưng ngươi khuyḯt têt cền ₫ươc chăm soc nhiï̀u hơn nưa. The handicapped need better care. Văn chương lam giam khoang cach giưa thḯ giơi vö hònh va thḯ giơi hưu hònh. lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -193- SHIFT Literature helps to bridge the gap between the seen and the unseen. Theo ₫uö̉i cai vö thương la möt phñ pham. It’s a waste to run after the changing. Sư hăng thương hiïn hưu trong sư vö thương. The ever-lasting exists in the ever-changing. d. A few Adjectives are Pluralized to Become Nouns Rich - riches; valuable - valuables; specific - specifics; essential - essentials; particular - particulars; minute - minutes; perish- able- perishables etc. Tö́t danh hơn lanh ao. A good name is better than riches. Tö́t hơn nïn bo nhưng ₫ö̀ ₫ac quy gia ơ nha băng. It’s better to deposit your valuables in the bank. Chung töi se gưi cho quy vị ban chi tiḯt cua dư an ngay mai. We will give you the specifics of the project tomorrow. Canh sat băt töi trònh bao chi tiḯt. The police asked me to give an account of the particulars. e. A Few Special Expresion FOR SURE, FOR CERTAIN; FOR GOOD, TO GO FROM BAD TO GOOD, etc. Tònh trang tai chanh cua cöng ty dương như ₫i tư tï tơi hai. The financies of the company seems to be going from bad to worse. Töi biḯt chăc cö ta khöng trơ lai vơi anh. I know for sure that she will never come back to you. Co nhiï̀u thư ngươi ta luön nhơ mai. There are things one remember for good. lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -194- SHIFT 4. NOUN USED AS VERBS AND VERBS AS NOUNS a. Nouns as Verbs A noun may readily used as a verb. breakfast to breakfast lunch to lunch brunch to brunch iron to iron house to house fund to fund handcuffs to handcuff (sb) water to water e-mail to e-mail Buö̉i sang ban thương dung mon gò? What do you usually have for breakfast? Töi co ₫i ăn sang vơi anh ta vai lền. I breakfasted with him a few times. Chung ta hay cö́ găng giai quyḯt vến ₫ï̀. Lets iron our problems and be friends again. Töi con ñt ₫ö̀ phai ui. I got ironing to do. Tïn tröm bị cong va dễn ₫i. The thief was handcuffed and taken away. b. Verbs as Nouns (a) Single Verb must a must may be a may be lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -195- SHIFT have the have the have-not give and take the give and take Khoang cach giưa ngươi giau va ngươi ngheo ngay cang röng hơn. The gap between the have and the have not seems to be wider and wider. Album mơi cua cö ta la möt thư ma ngươi yïu nhac Jazz phai co. Her new album is a must for all lovers of light Jazz Hoa hơp vơi ngươi khac cền nhiï̀u nhên nhương. It takes a lots of give and take to get along well with others. (b) Verbs + Adverbial Particles to break down a break down to break up a break up to break in a break in to break off a break off to cut down a cut down to get together a get together to clean up a clean up to show off a show off Ho vưa mơi chia tay. They have just broken up. Cuöc ₫am phan cua ho ₫a bị gian ₫oan. Their negotiation has broken down. Ban trai cua chị cung ₫ươc, co ₫iï̀u anh ta hơi khoa trương möt chut. Your boyfriend is OK, only he is a bit show-off. Rết nhiï̀u xe cö hong hoc vò mưa lơn. There were many break-downs on the street because of heavy [...]... ta nghĩ nhiï̀u This diamond is far valuable than we thought a Elliptical Adverbial Clause of Time Condition and Concession WHEN, WHILE, WHEN POSSIBLE / OF / THOUGHT / ALTHOUGH In modern English, especially in spoken English, Adverbical Clauses of these kinds are usually to be elliptical when these following conditions are met: (1) The same S is used in both clauses (2) There must be a form of BE as... WH cls Öng ta la möt trong nhưng văn sĩ hiḯm hoi töi yïu mḯn ₫a cho töi biït thḯ nao la sư yïu thương ngot ngao He is one of rare writers (whom) I love who has taught me how sweet genuine love is -207- ELLIPSES N lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax b The Omission of the Relatives Adverbs WHEN, WHERE, WHY and THAT Please note that these adverbs are normally omitted when the... the sentence in which they appear, but which are not necessary to the meaning of the sentence at all Ellipses arises from the tendency of a -197- ELLIPSES IV ELLIPSES lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax language towards brevity conciseness And this is also due to the fact that people wish to be brief and concise in the daily conversation In British language, ellipses make direct and therefore... going with you Mary and Alice (are) 3 OMISSISION OF THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF TO BE ELLIPSES Why so late/early? (why are you so late?) Where is she? Gone (she’s gone) -198- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax 4 OMISSION AFTER TOO, SO, NOR, NEITHER, AND BUT • BUT - negative in meaning but shows affirmative wish (3) • BUT - shows either an affirmative or negative contrast I have been to Hanoi several... divine Möt vai ngươi thò lươi; vai ngươi khac thò ngu Some are lazy; some other, stupid Ngay thò nong; ₫ïm thò lanh The day was so hot; the night, damp -199- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax Töi chỉ ngac nhiïn, con cac ban töi thò bị choang I were only surprise; my friend was shock B ELLIPSES IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES 1 ELLIPSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSE The Adverbial Clause of Comparision... shorter than the other one ELLIPSES Chị töi cao hơn töi möt cai ₫ều My sister is a head taller than me main clause more/less + long/short ADJ / ADV -200- sub clause THAN lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax Hăn ta khöng quan têm ₫ḯn tiï̀n nhiï̀u như ba vơ cua hăn He is less interested in money than his wife is Ho quan têm ₫ḯn phim anh nhiï̀u hơn la sach vơ They are more intersted... thought Nươc trong hö̀ ếm hơn töi nghĩ The water in the lake was much warmer than I thought Nha anh lơn hơn nha töi nhiï̀u Your house is much larger than mine -201- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax main clause sub clause as + N/ADJ/ADV as possible as one can/could (ability) as + N/ ADJ/ADV Cö́ găng tö́t vơi cö ta chưng nao hay chưng ₫o Try to be nice to her as possible (for you... hurted sub clause FAR + FEWER/LESS ELLIPSES main clause THAN Cuöc ₫ơi co ñt phiï̀n toai hơn anh nghĩ nhiï̀u There are far fewer worries in life than you think -202- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax Tuền nay töi ñt bên hơn töi nghĩ This week I was less busy than I thought Cuöc sö́ng bêy giơ dï̃ chịu hơn luc trươc Life now is easier than it used to be Cö ta lam viïc siïng năng...lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax rain Cơn bao lơn ₫a gêy ra sư tï liït viï̃n thöng ơ giưa hai miï̀n Nam Băc The storm has caused a break-town in the telecommunication between the north and the south Lưc lương... at 1234 Möt con chim co thưc sư hot khi bị nhö́t trong lö̀ng khöng? When (it is) kept in a cage, does a bird really sing? Khi bị choc giên lïn, bö́ töi … -203- lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax When (he is) angered, my father looks just like a tiger roaring in thecage Although / Though Dễu ngheo, töi chưa lưa gat ai ca Though (I am) a poor man, I have deceived nobody Măc . and Conces- sion. WHEN, WHILE, WHEN POSSIBLE / OF / THOUGHT / ALTHOUGH In modern English, especially in spoken English, Adverbical Clauses of these kinds are usually to be elliptical when these. vao phña têy băc cua thanh phö́ ₫a lat khoang 30 km. lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -187- SHIFT It was a solitary valley about 30km northwest of Dalat. Dễu chung ta. thăng trềm. There’re always ups and downs in the sea of love. lesson 6 - Interesting Matters of English Syntax -188- SHIFT Möt nï̀n giao duc tö́t la möt nï̀n giao duc giup ngươi ta ₫ö́i