Xây dựng tiêu chí Đánh giá sự sẵn sàng cho e learning Ở các cơ sở giáo dục Đại học việt nam bằng phương pháp phân tích delphi

Do do, de tang curing so lupng va nang cao chat lupng cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve dao tao tnrc tuyen tai Viet Nam noi rieng va khu vuc chau A noi chung, can thiet phai co nhung cong tri

CONG HOA XA HOI CHIT NGHIA MET NAM

Doc lap - Ty do - Hanh phuc

Dou vi chu tri: Truong Dai hoc Nguyen Tat Thanh

BAO CAO TONG KET DE TAI NCKH

Ten de tai:

Sd hap ddng: 2023.0i.157/HD-KHCN

Chu nhiem de tai: Doan Thi Huang Thao

Dan vi cong tac: Khoa Quan tri Kinh doanh

Thai gian thuc hien: hr thang 10/2023 den thang 03/2024

MUC LUC

MODA u 7

CHUONG1 TONG QUAN TAI UEU 12

1.1 Khai niem 12

1.1.1 E-leaniing 12

1.1.2 San sang sd hoa (E-readmess) 12

1.1.3 San sang cho hoc tap dien hr (E-learnmg readmess) 13

1.2 Tong quan de tai nghien ciru trong va ngoai nirdc 14

1.2.1 Tong quan de tai nghien ciru trong nude 14

1.2.2 Tong quan de tai nghien ciru ngoai nude 15

1.3 Cac yen to danh gia sir san sang 17

1.3.1 Yeu to ky thuat 17

1.3.2 Yeu to nhan hre 17

1.3.3 Yeu tdnoi dung 17

1.3.4 Yeu to tap huan bdi dudng 1 S 1.3.5 Yeu to van hoa IS 1.3.6 Yeu to tai chinh IS 1.3.7 Cam ket va cac chinh sach IS CHL^ONG 2 NOl DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUV 20

2.1 Phuong phap nghien ciru Delphi 20

2.2 Banchuyengia 20

2.3 Quy trinh thwc hien 22

2.4 Thiet ke bang khao sat 22

2.5 Thu thap dir lieu va phan tich 23

CITIN G I KtT QU4 VA THAO LU AN 25

3.1 Thong ke mo ta dac diem doi tiring khao sat 25

3.1 Ket qua phan tich Delphi vong 1 25

3.2 Ket qua phan tich Delphi vdng 2 32

3.3 Thao loan ve ket qua nghien ciru 34

3.1 Ham y quan tri 36 3.2 Han che va cac hirong nghien cun trong hr<mg lai 36

4 TAILIZU THAMKHAO 38

DANH MUC CAC KY Hl£U, CAC CHU* MtT TAT

CNTT-TT Cong nghe thong tin vd truyen thong

UTAUT The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology -Ly thuyet

Thanh cong he thong thong tin

DANH MUC SO DO, HLNH ANH

Hinh 1 - Quy trinh nghien cuu 22

Bang 1 - Bang gia tri tiling binh (Ozad 2012; Butucha 2013) 24

Bang 2 - Thong tin chung ve “ban chuyen gia” 25

Bang 3 - Thong ke mo ta ve ket qua khao sat vong 1 26

Bang 4 - Ket qua phan tich chi tiet can hoi mo A 1 26

Bang 5 - Thong ke mo ta ve thang do chi tiet cua cac thang do 28

Bang 6 - Ket qua phan tich cau hoi mo (B.2) 30

Bang 7 - Thong ke mo ta ciia cac yen to vong 2 (A 1) 33

Bang 8 - Thong ke mo ta cac thang do co su thay doi (B 1) 33

Bang 9 - Dinh nghia ve cac yen to do luong su san sang 34

TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUT

1

Nghien cuu tong quan cac cong trinh

nghien cuu trong va ngoai nude hen

quan den de tai tong quan ve co sb ly

thuyet phuong phap nghien cuu tiep

can

Ca sd ly thuyet

7

Xay dung cac bang hoi, dieu tra

thu nghiem va tien hanh dieu

chinh bang hoi

3

Thu thap du lieu thong qua dieu

tra khao sat tai cac doanh nghiep

4 Ma hoa va phan tich du Heu Ket qua phan tich

Thai gian thuc hien: tu thang 10/2023 den thang 04/2024

Thai gian nop cuon bao cao: thang 04/2024

Md DAU

Trong nhung nam gan day, nlid sir tien bo vuot bac cua klioa hoc ky thuat ket hop vdi viec ung dung rong rai cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong (CNTT-TT) loi song va

theo hudng tich cue nay dang ngay cang xuat hien d noi, tren nhieu linh vuc, dac biet doi

vdi giao due va hoat dong kinh doanh (Akuratiya & Meddage 2021) Nhd cd Internet va

cac thanh tuu cua CNTT-TT ma cac giao tiep da phuong tien toe do cao - van de dong vai

trd then chdt trong su phat trien - da co nhung budc tien manh me, thuc day su phat then

ca ve quy mo lan chat luong trong linh mic boc tap true tuyen va cac sang kien trong boat dong giao due a nhung nam gan day (Akuratiya & Meddage, 2021; Saekow, 2011).

Hoc tap true tuyen (e-learning) de cap den viec ung dung may tinh, email Internet, cong nghe giang day va phuong tien dien tu trong lop hoc (Onod Contreras va cong su.

qua Internet hoac may tinh duoc ket noi mang, noi giao vien va hoc sinh co the tuong tac

voi nhau a bat ky dieu kien nao, khong chiu su gidi han cua khdng gian va thdi gian (Singh

& Thurman, 2019) Tu do, cd the thay e-learning da ma ra co hoi de cac he thong giao due

duoc lan tda nhanh hon va rong hon, giup giao vien va hoc sinh cd dieu kien tiep can sach

vd tai lieu nghien cuu, hoc tap true tuyen mot each hieu qua de dang va thuan loi (D Adams et al., 201 S; Chopra et al., 2019).

Tai cac nude dang phat trien, cac co sd giao due dai hoc (GDDH) dang chap nhan

loi thoai mai va linh boat ngay cang cao hon cho ngudi day va hoc (Kituyi & Tusubira, 2013) Theo nghien cuu cua Saekow (2011) cho thay, e-learning da trd thanh nen tang cua cac chuang trinh dao tao chinh quy va cac chuong trinh nang cao nang luc tai nhieu qudc

gia.

thong hoc tap true tuyen va du bao se con tiep tuc tang trudng (Narang et al., 2022) Bao cao “Thi trudng E-leaming Toan can - Trien vong & Du bao 2021 - 2026” da nhan dinh e-

leaming cd the phat trien nhu mot nganh cong nghiep boat dong dao tao doanh nghiep dao

380 ty USD Dir bao trong thdi gian tai, e-learning se tiep tuc tang trudng, tuy se cd sir

chenh lech Ion giua cac qudc gia va khu nrc tren the gidi.

thuan lai de thuc day phat trien dao tao hue tuyen Vai lugng dan so Ion chiem hem mot

nua the gidi, trong do cd han 50% ngudi cd sir dung Internet (Syaliid, 2020), ddng thdi lai

la noi tap hap cua nhieu qudc gia dang phat trien, cd do md ve edng nghe va kha nang ung dung khoa hoc ky thuat hien dai Chau A hoan toan cd kha nang trd thanh khu iuc thuan

lai de phat hien e-learning (Syahid, 2020: Skordoulis et al, 2018).

Trong nghien cuu cua Pham & Ho (2020), “ hoc tap tu xa ” la hinh thiic tuong tu nhu e-learning dugc Dai hoc Md tai Viet Nam ap dung de cung cap cac chuang trinh hoc tu xa cho sinh vien dang sinh song tai cac khu lire xa trudng hoc Tai cac chuang trinh nay sinh vien se dugc cap cac tai lieu hoc tap dang ban cung de hoc tap va nghien cuu Vao cudi

nhung nam thap nien 1990, khi may tinh da trd nen pho bien va de tiep can han, cac tai lieu hoc tap tren da dugc thay the bang cac VCD/DVD va hoc tap tren may vi tinh (Boymal et

al., 2007) Sau do, viec ap dung cac yen to e-learning tien tien va edng nghe giao due vao cac khda hoc dai hoc chinh quy tai Viet Nam tiep tuc la mot thach thuc Idn, tuong tu nhu hoc tap tir xa.

Chi den khi dai dich COVID-19 xay ra, 50% cac co sd giao due dai hoc tai Viet Nam

da bat buoc phai chuyen tir md hinh hoc tap truyen thong sang hoc tap hue tuyen nham thich nghi vdi hoan canh Cd the noi, cuoc killing hoang dai dich COVID-19 da tao ra mot

thich nghi dieu kien day hoc trong dai dich cac co sd giao due Viet Nam da tan dung trien khai thanh cac chuang trinh “ hoc tap ket hop ” va coi do la mot chien luge phat trien dao tao tai dan vi minh Nhung thay ddi nay da tao thanh nhung gia hi tich cue, lam nang cao

(2019), thi trudng e-leaming tai Viet Nam du kien cd the se dat tdi 3 ty USD vao nam 2023.

phat hien hong nhung nam gan day, nen van chua the sanh bang -vdi nhieu qudc gia phat

tuyen ddi hoi phai cd ke hoach va sir chuan bi chu dao Cac yeu to nhu edng nghe, ndi dung kien thuc, ngudn nhan lire (quan hi vien, giao vien nhan vien, hoc sinh, sinh vien va cac

Vi vay, cac ca so giao due dai hoc tai cac quoc gia dang phat trien can danh gia muc dp san

sang cua minh tnrac khi trien khai dao tao tnrc tuyen.

Nghien cuu ve linh mtc nay Ao & International Association of Engineers (2013) va

Hanafizadeh & Ravasan (2011) khang dinh su thieu san sang la nguyen nhan chinh dan tai

that bai cua hau het cac du an hoc tap tnrc tuyen Vice danh gia nitre do san sang cho hoc tap tnrc tuyen se giup cac co so xac dinh nhung ton tai thieu sot va can nhac each tiep can

cua mot to chuc trong viec chap nhan va ung dung hinh thuc dao tao nay Ngugc lai, “su san sang cho hoc tap tnrc tuyen" nham chi ra cac dien kien can thiet de viec ap dung hoc tap true tuyen thanh cong (Ao & International Association of Engineers, 2013).

Theo Bao cao nghien cuu Tong ket ve hoc tap tnrc tuyen tai chau A tu nam 1996

den 2018, mac du Viet Nam dang thuc hien chuyen doi so manh me, nhung linh lire leaming hien -van dang a giai doan so khai Bao cao con cho thay tai thrii diem nghien cuu,

e-Viet Nam chi co 49 cong trinh nghien cuu ve chu de nay, thap hem so vdi nhieu quoc gia khac trong khu ivrc nhu Dai Loan Nhat Ban, Malaysia, Singapore va Thai Lan Do do, de tang curing so lupng va nang cao chat lupng cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve dao tao tnrc tuyen tai Viet Nam noi rieng va khu vuc chau A noi chung, can thiet phai co nhung cong trinh

nghien cuu ve e-learning, kha nang san sang ap dung e-learning va hien qua khi ap dung

hinh thuc nay nham nang hieu qua dao tao, dong thrii thu hep khoang each vrii cac quoc gia

Khao cuu cac cong trinh nghien cuu gan day cho thay, hau het cac nghien cuu hien

tai ri Viet Nam chi dung lai ri viec phan tich danh gia ra soat tai lieu Mot so de tai thuc nghiem chi tap tiling danh gia hoac do luring su san sang tu goc nhin ca nhan cua ngurii hoc hay giang vien Rat it de tai xem xet su san sang tu quan diem cua to chuc Chang han

nghien cuu thuc nghiem va tinh huong cu the Muc tieu nghien cuu nham danh gia muc dp

san sang ung dung cong nghe cua giang vien, bao grim thai dp dao tao giao vien va nang hre ky thuat Dong thrii nhom tac gia da so sanh ket qua thu dupe vrii thuc trang tai Dai hoc

Mri Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh nham hoc hoi kinh nghiem, nang cao chat lupng dpi ngu giang

vien.

Mot nghien cuu khac cua L T Pham & Dau (2022) da kiem dinh mo hinh ket hop giua 3 mo hinh ly thuyet: Chap nhan cong nghe (Technology Acceptance Model - TAM),

Thong nhat ve chap nhan va sir dung cong nghe (rhe Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use

of Technology - UTAUT) va mo hinh Thanh cong he thong thong tin DeLone va McLean

(the DeLone and McLean Infonnation Systems Success Model - D&M IS) Muc dich cua nghien cuu nham xac dinh tac dong cua sir san sang hoc tap true tuyen (online learning

readiness - OLR) doi vbi viec sir dung he thong hoc tap true tuyen (online learning system

- OLS) cua ngubi hoc va mire do hai long cua ho.

Tu thuc tien va khao cuu cac cong trinh nghien cuu, nhom tac gia da tien hanh nghien cuu de tai “ Xay dimg tien chi danh gia su san sang cho e-learning a cac co so giao due dai hoc Viet Nam bang phuong phap phan tich Delphi Muc dich chinh cua nghien cuu nham thiet lap va phat trien mot bo tien chi nham danh gia su san sang cho hoc tap true tuyen tai cac co sb giao due dai hoc b Viet Nam Cac muc tieu cu the bao gbm:

- Nghieu cuu tong quan cac tai lieu nghien cuu nham khai quat hoa su san sang trong

dao tao true tuyen;

- Xac lap tieu chi san sang cho hoc tap true tuyen bang phuong phap phan tich

Delphi;

- Xay dimg bo tieu chi danh gia cac nhan to san sang cho dao tao true tuyen tai cac

co sb giao due b Viet Nam.

su san sang cho hoc tap true tuyen tai cac qubc gia dang phat trien trong do co Viet Nam.

Tu nhung van de khao nghiem trong thuc tien ket hop vbi cac y kien cua cac chuyen gia.

de tai da cung cap gbe nhin bao quat va sau sac ve thuc tien cua giao due dai hoc, dong thbi

xay dimg mot he thong cac tieu chi nham danh gia su san sang dao tao true tuyen tai Viet

Nam hien nay Ket qua nghien cuu nay co the duoc su dung lam nen tang cho cac nghien cuu tiep theo ve e-leaming tai Viet Nam cung nhieu qubc gia khac trong khu vuc Xa hon

vbi nhung dan hieu nhan biet va quy chuan da duoc cu the hba rd rang trong de tai ky vong cac co sb giao due se van dung nhung ket qua nghien cuu, khac phuc kho khan, thuc hien

day du cac tieu chi nham nang cao trai nghiem ngubi hoc va dua hoc tap true tuyen trb nen

de tiep can va thiet thuc hon.

Tom lai, vbi tat ca cac thong tin trich loc thong qua khao cuu cac tai lieu khoa hoc

cap mot bo tieu chi cu the de giup cac nha quan ly va co sb giao due dai hoc danh gia nguon lire san co nham then khai hoc tap true tuyen Tren co sb do, cac trubng co the xay dung chien luge phu hop de chuan bi lo trinh cung nhu ap dung cac tieu chuan nay nham thuc

hien co hieu qua idee day va hoc true tuyen trong thbi gian tiep theo.

Vbi cac muc tieu do de tai dirge trien khai theo can true gom ba phan: thu nliat, nen tang ly thuyet va danh gia cac ebng trinh nghien cuu tnrbc day ve van de nay: thu hai phan

xuat phat tu ket qua nghien cuu de tai xuat mot sb thao luan va khuyen nghi dong thbi

phan tich mot sb han che va de xuat nhung hubng nghien cuu mb long trong tuong lai.

CH VONG 1 TONG QUAN TAI LIEU

1.1 Khai niem

1.1.1 E-learning

Hoc tap dien hr (e-learning) la su ket hop cua CNTT-TT su dung phuong tien dien

tu lan giao due cong nghe Cac phuong tien da dang nhu bang video, bang am thanh, truyen hinh ve tinh dia CD-ROM hoc tap tien may tinh mang noi bo/rieng va hoc tap tien web duoc khai thac va su dung de cung cap hinh anh, van ban, am thanh cung nhu phat true tuyen video thong qua cac ung dung cong nghe Cac he thong CNTT-TT nay cd the duoc

de dang (Abdelraliim va cong su, 2021).

Trong cac cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc da duoc cong bo, khai niem e-learning

duoc dien giai vdi nhieu dinh nghia khac nhau Pho bien nliat trong so do la “noi dung giang

day hay kien thuc duoc truyen tai hoac nang cao bang cong nghe dien tu” (Kumar Basak

va cong su 2018) Tuy nhien, pham vi cua e-learning khong chi gioi han trong vice truyen

tai noi dung qua Internet ma con bao trum nhieu cong nghe va phuong thuc da dang khac.

each bai ban hoac khong day du, dong thbi mo ra nhung khai niem va phuong phap day hoc moi nhu hoc tap ao, true tuyen, tu xa va tien website Theo Moubayed va cong su (2018) da tong ket phan mem e-leaining cd kha nang tich hop nhieu thanh phan chuc nang giao due da dang.

Su thanh cong cua e-learning duoc xa hoi ghi nhan dua tren hai yen to chu dao klia

nang dap ung nhu can day va hoc mot each sau rong dong thdi chi phi van hanh thap, cac

dieu kien gioi han ve khong gian va thdi gian bi thu hep (Choudhury & Pattnaik 2020) Nlid su phat trien manh me cua Internet, e-learning da cd the dien ra d bat ky moi noi Thani

chi, giang day tren cac nen tang web da trd thanh chien luge de cac co so giao due thu hut

va giu chan sinh vien (Valverde-Berrocoso va cong su 2020).

1.1.2 San sang so hoa (E-readiness)

Theo Luyt (2006), khi cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong but pha, quan tarn ddi

vdi viec danh gia muc do san sang so hoa cung lan tda rong khap toan can Tu cudi thap

cai nhin tong quan ve cac khia canh cu the ma mot to chuc, cong dong, Aiing mien hay ca quoc gia dang van dung cong nghe thong tin vao cac hoat dong phat hien Luyt (2006) cung

ghi nhan co tai 1.506 cuoc khao sat dirge tien hanh tai 68 quoc gia nham danh gia sir san

sang su dung cong nghe dac biet la a tarn vi mo quoc gia.

Theo quan diem cua cac tac gia nhung chi so san sang so hoa khong chi cung cap

du lieu ma con tich cue xay dung van de khoang each so len thanh mot van de chinh sach quoc te Ve khai niem Darab & Montazer (2011) cho rang san sang so hoa the hien muc

dp va nang lire ung dung cong nghe thong tin cua ca nhan doanh nghiep va chinh phu trong

nhieu boi canh, hoan canh khac nhan Durek & Redep (2016) cung dinh nghia san sang so hoa la muc san sang de tiep can ha tang mang krai va cong nghe Cu the han day la thudc

do muc san sang de mot quoc gia huang lai hr cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong (ICT).

1.1.3 San sang cho hoc tap dien hr (E-learning readiness)

Quan niem ve san sang cho hoc tap dien hr tai cac ca sa giao due dai hoc da dupe nhieu tac gia nghien cuu va dua ra dinh nghia nhu Abdehahim va cong sir (2021), Adiyarta

va dong nghiep (2018), Akaslan & L-C Law (2011), Mosa va nhom cong tac vien (2016),

hoc tap dien hr ham chi su chuan bi ve tinh than lan the chat cua to chuc cho trai nghiem

hoc tap dien tu la mot qua trinh lien tuc.

Nwagwu (2020) nhin manh san sang cho hoc tap dien tu the hien qua trang thai san

sang ve tinh than va the chat cua cac ben tham gia trong du an e-learning nham dam bao

trai nghiem va boat dong hoc tap dien hr thuc tien Theo quan diem ciia Abdehahim va

cong su (2021), san sang cho hoc tap dien hr dong nghia vai viec xem xet cac yeu to can

thiet de trien khai thanh cong mot nen tang e-learning tai cac truong dai hoc.

Cac chuyen gia deu khang dinh san sang cho hoc tap dien hr la dieu kien tien quyet

de ap dung thanh cong e-learning trong giao due dai hoc Abdehahim va nhom nghien ciru (2021) nhan manh cac ca sa giao due can nhan dien nhung yeu to ho tip idee tich hop cac

sang kien e-learning phu hop va hieu qua N6i each khac, san sang e-learning quyet dinh thanh bai cua cac chuang trinh hoc tap dien hr Bdi vay truac khi trien khai cac truong can

Ngoai ra moi to clitic co van hda, dieu kien va nguon lire rieng biet, doi hoi cac tnrong phai hr danh gia de xac dinh tinh phu hop cua e-leaming (Adiyarta va cong sir 2018) Dieu nay ho tig thiet ke cac chien luge va trai nghiem hoc tap dien tu toan dien,

truyen tai trai nghiem hoc tap hieu qua den sinh vien (Mosa va nhom cong tac vien, 2016)

that bai.

1.2 Tong quan de tai nghien cuu trong va ngoai nude

1.2.1 Tong quan de tai nghien cuu trong nude

Theo Thi & nnk (2017) so vdi su phat trien cua giao due true tuyen d cac nude khac,

dac biet la cac nude phat then, Viet Nam hien nidi clii d giai doan so khai Vi giao due true

tuyen con tuemg doi mdi d Viet Nam nen can cd sir chuan bi tot khi trien khai hinh thuc

hoc tap nay vi la su tich hgp cua cong nghe, noi dung hoc tap va nguon nhan luc bao gdm lanh dao quan tri vien giang vien nhan vien, sinh vien va cac ben lien quan khac Noi each

cac co sd GDDH nen danh gia muc dp san sang trudc khi bat dau Ao & International Association of Engineers (2013): Hanafizadeh & Ravasan (2011) chi ra ly do chinh dan den

Tuy nhien, d Viet Nam cac nghien cuu ve chu de nay chua nhieu, chi cd mot vai cong bo chu yen do ludng d goc dp ca nhan ngudi su dung Nhu nghien cuu cua Thi & nnk (2017), cac tac gia chi tap trung idee tong quan tai Heu de xem xet cac nghien cuu thuc

nghiem va nghien cuu dien hinh trudc day ve muc dp san sang su dung dien hr cua giang vien bao gdm thai dp, dao tao giao vien va kha nang ky thuat va thong qua do so sanh vdi

thuc trang tai tnrong Dai hoc Md Tp.HCM de hr do nang cao chat lugng cua giang vien.

D&M IS de xac dinh tac dong ciia muc dp san sang hoc tap true tuyen (OLR) ve viec su dung he thong hoc tap true tuyen cua ngudi hoc va mire dp hai long cua hp.

1.2.2 Tong quan de tai nghien con ngoai nude

Trong nd luc tong hop tri thuc ve danh gia san sang cho hoc tap dien tu (e-learning

readiness), nhom tac gia da nghien cuu 22 bao cao khac nhan ve cac chu de va phuong phap nghien cuu da dang qua ra soat cac bai bao hen quan trong khoang thdi gian tu nam 2000

mot to chuc giao due bang each xem xet nhieu yeu to nhu trang thiet bi ky nang cong nghe.

tinh trang chuan bi noi dung, tarn ly nidi trudng xa hoi va tai chinh Them vao do phuong phap nay phan loai cac bien so thanh 8 danh muc rieng biet Ky thuat nay da duoc van dung boi nhieu to chuc tren khap cac qudc gia, ke ca Sudan, de danh gia muc san sang cho e-

leaming cua minh.

Aydin & Tasci (2005) thiet lap nen md hinh gdm 4 khia canh: con ngudi doi moi

sang tao tu phat trien va cong nghe Ho lap luan rang viec cd san cac nha cung cap va cd van e-learning da dang cd the duoc coi la dau hieu bd sung cho thay tdc do trien khai e-

ngoai.

Psycharis de xuat 3 danh muc vdi nhung yeu can rieng: giao due, nguon luc va moi trudng Danh muc moi trudng bao gdm su san sang ve lanh dao klidi nghiep va van hda Danh muc nguon luc ham chua su san sang ve cong nghe nhan luc va kinh te Danh muc giao due de cap tdi su san sang ve tai Heu lan noi dung giao due.

trong moi trudng giao due dai hoc Cac nhom quan trong trong md hinh nay la nang luc cua

cac ben lien quan den hoc tap kha nang hoc tap va cua cac ben hen quan chu chdt, cung

nang luc cua cac ben Hen quan thuoc trudng dai hoc San sang dien hr duoc hieu la "kha

nang cua cac trudng dai hoc va cac ben lien quan tao ra co hoi hoc tap dien hr bang each khai thac cong nghe may tinh".

Pucihar va cong su (2015) de xuat phuong phap danh gia san sang e-learning trong

nghien cuu ve viec ap dung e-leaming tai Kosovo Ho thiet lap md hinh 5 danh muc chinh:

tiep can, hoc tap, kinh te, xa hoi, chien luge va chinh sach vdi 23 chi so duoc van dung de

danh gia cac linh Aire nay.

Theo cac nghien cuu tai Thd Nhi Ky, Thai Lan han Uganda va Han Qudc (Akaslan

& L-C Law, 2011; Darab & Montazer, 2011; Godfrey & Lubega, 2011; Saekow, 2011:

Schreurs & Al-Huneidi, 2012), yen to cong nghe nguon nhan luc, so hoa dpi ngu giang

yen to trong yen ma cac truong dai hoc can can nhac tiuoc khi trien khai e-learning.

Ann & Doculan (2014) da de xuat mot cong cu danh gia de danh gia su san sang ap

dung e-learning trong cac co so giao due dai hoc tai Philippines Cong cu nay bao gom cac

va Chinh sach) Hashim & Tash- (2014) va Rohayani et al (2015) da tim thay ba yen to

trong mo hinh san sang cho e-learning: yeu to ky thuat, nguon nhan luc va kha nang cung

cap dao tao cho giang vien va sinh vien 31 cong bo nghien cuu da dupe lua chon va xem xet de ra scat cac cong cu danh gia su san sang cho e-learning va mot danh sach cac nguon

danh gia su san sang cho e-learning (Durek & Redep 2016; Mosa et al., 2016).

cho thay 13 yeu to can dupe danh gia khi ap dung e-learning tai cac co so giao due dai hoc

bi, Doi moi To chuc Lanh dao, Van hoa va Chinh sach Nguon nhan luc Ky nang Cong

nghe va Npi dung.

ve cong nghe, thai do doi voi E-learning, chap nhan E-leaiuing va nguoi hoc ca nhan de

danh gia e-leaining tai cac quoc gia dang phat trien va kham pha nhung rao can trong viec

thuc hien phuong phap giang day nay.

tuyen trong dai dich COVID-19 Calio & Yazon (2020): Kalkan, (2020a 2020b); Machado.

(2007b); Rafique et al (2021) da bao cao ket qua tuong tu Theo Akuratiya & Meddage (2021), cac yeu to quan trong nhat anh huong den su san sang cua sinh vien cho hoc tap

true tuyen la may tinh, internet va giao tiep true tuyen.

Khi danh gia su san sang cua cac co so giao due dai hoc de ap dung e-leaming co mot so dac tinh chinh can dupe danh gia Bao gom cac yeu to cong nghe, nguon nhan luc

su san sang ve dao tao, van hoa, cam ket va chinh sach Hau het cac nghien cuu tap trung

vao su san sang ve cong nghe (20/22) va su san sang ve nhan luc (19/22) la nhung xem xet quan trong nhat tiuoc khi gioi thieu dao tao true tuyen Van hoa to chuc, nguon luc tai chinh

de lieu quan den phuong phap giang day cliinli sack, cam ket cho e-learning va chuan bi noi dung de so hda.

1.3 Cac yeu to danh gia sir san sang

1.3.1 Yen to ky thuat

Cac yeu to ky thuat rat quan trong trong viec tao dieu kien va ho trg day va hoc trong

e-leaming Theo Abdehahim et al (2021) Akuratiya & Meddage (2021), Al-araibi et al

(2019), Mosa et al (2016) dieu nay de cap den viec sir dung cac edng nghe khac nhau nhu

email va dien dan thao luan Nhung khia canh cong nghe nay la dieu kien tien quyet de thuc

hien thanh cong e-learning.

Trade klii trien khai dao tao true tuyen dieu can thiet la danh gia su san sang ve

cong nghe cua to chuc Theo Abdehahim et al (2021); Akuratiya & Meddage (2021); Al- araibi et al (2019); Mosa et al (2016), su san sang ve cong nghe dugc do hrong bang each

danh gia cac yeu to nhu quyen tiny cap internet, kha nang cung cap phan cung, phan mem

ho tig CNTT, ky nang ky thuat, bao mat, giao tiep va co sd ha tang Cac yeu to ky thuat

trien khai dao tao true tuyen dien ra thuan Igi.

1.3.2 Yen to nhan lire

San sang ve nguon nhan luc la yeu to khdng the thieu de chuyen ddi thanh cong tir

hinh thuc dao tao truyen thong sang moi trudng e-leaming Yeu to nay ddi hoi phai cd ddi

ngu nhan su trang bi day du kien thuc chuyen mon va nang luc can thiet de hd tig tdi da

qua trinh day va hgc true tuyen Hai nghien cuu cua Abdehahim et al (2021) va Akuratiya

& Meddage (2021) da khang dinh vai trd quan trgng cua con ngudi trong viec dam bao su thanh edng khi chuyen ddi tir md hinh dao tao truyen thong sang true tuyen Su san sang

cua nguon nhan luc dugc danh gia dua tren thai do, kinh nghiem va su tu tin trong viec hd

trg qua trinh dao tao true tuyen.

1.3.3 Yeu to noi dung

Su san sang ve noi dung de cap den viec so hda tai lieu giang day thanh cac dinh dang da phuong tien nhu video, am thanh hoac hoat anh (Chopra et al., 2019; Motaghian et

al 2013; Tomn 2019) Theo Chopra et al (2019): Motaghian et al (2013); Tonin (2019) cac yen to lien quan den noi dung quyet dinh tinh san cd va da dang cua tai lieu dao tao tnrc tuyen cung nhu muc do hai long voi cac ngudn luc hien co.

1.3.4 Yen to tap huan/ boi dudug

Qua trinh dao tao de cap den kha nang cua mot to chuc trong viec lap ke hoach phan tich, thiet ke, phat trien, then kliai mot chuong trinh dao tao toan dien cho viec thuc hien e-

learning (Chopra et al 2019) Phan danh gia su san sang ve dao tao nham thu thap thong

tin ve nang luc ky thuat cua Truong Dai hoc va doi ngu giang vien Nhung van de sau day duoc de cap: lieu Truong co cung cap co hoi dao tao phu hop cho e-learning hay khong.

lieu Truong cd cung cap du co hoi dao tao cho e-learning hay khong va lieu Truong cd

cung cap du co hoi dao tao de tim hieu ve e-leaming hay khong (Chopra et al., 2019).

1.3.5 Yeu to van hoa

Xac dinh nhan thuc va cac thong le van hda cua mot to chuc lien quan den viec ap

dung va su dung e-leaming (Kituyi & Tusubira, 2013) Theo Kituyi & Tusubira (2013), yen

to nay se xem xet nhan thuc cua cac giang vien ve hai khai niem: nhan thuc ve loi ich va

nhan thuc ve tinh de sir dung Yeu to nay cung se danh gia su hd tro cua ban lanh dao nlia

trudng ddi voi viec ap dung va sir dung e-leaniing.

1.3.6 Yen to tai chinh

Yeu to tai chinh de cap den viec phan bo ngan sach va dau tu de thiet lap mot he

kinh phi va su san long thuc hien dieu do (Saekow, 2011) Saekow (2011) de cap den viec phan bd ngan sach va dau tu de thiet lap mot he thong e-leaming wnig chac Cac van de

duoc neu ra la: Truong cd ngan sach cho e-leaming trong day va hoc hay khong; cac trudng

san sang mua thiet bi/phan cung/phan mem cho muc dich e-learning, va cac trudng to ra mong muon chi them tien cho e-leaming.

1.3.7 Cam ket va cac chinh sach

kien thuan loi de ap dung va sir dung e-leaming Yeu to nay xem xet tinh san cd cua cac

chinh sach lien quan den viec ap dung e-leaming tai cac trudng dai hoc nhu bao ve quyen

so him tri tue, he thong va tieu chi thang tien doi vdi giang vien, danh gia va kiem soat chat hrong tai cac tnidng/khoa, cung nhu tieu chuan hoa tai Heu giao due so No cung danh gia

cam ket cung cap co hoi phat trien e-learning, nhu cac co hoi phat trien chuyen mon cho

giang vien iiham nang cao ky nang giang day true tuyen mot mang ludi nhung ngudi thuc

hanh true tuyen de thao luan cac van de ve phuong phap giang day va chuong trinh giang

day cung nhu cac thoa thuan hop tac giang day (Ami & Doculan, 2014)

( HUONG 2 NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

2.1 Phuong phap nghien cun Delphi

phep cac chuyen gia tham gia vao qua trinh de dat duoc su dong thuan ve cac quan diem, dinh nghia va de xuat lien quan, dua tien kinh nghiem chuyen mon va quan diem cua ho Dieu nay duoc thuc hien thong qua nhieu vong phan hoi giup hinh thanh cac ket qua cudi

ciuig mot each dang tin cay.

Dalkey N (1963) cho rang, khac voi cac dinh nghia thong thuong cac chuyen gia

bang vi tri cua ho hong to chuc, cong nhan cong khai hay de xuat cua nhung ngubi kliac

trong cung linh vuc Cac chuyen gia can dai dien cho dpi ngu chuyen nghiep cua ho, co du

kien thuc chuyen mon hoac co tham quyen dua ra quan diem dai dien.

Mac dii co nhieu dinh nghia khac nhan ve "chuyen gia" trong nghien ciru Delphi,

kien thuc kinh nghiem va kha nang dinh huong chinh sach Nhung tieu chi nay dam bao

rang chuyen gia dii nang lire tham gia vao tien trinh dong thuan ve cac khai niem nghien

cuu (Van Dijk 1990).

Mac dii phai trai qua qua trinh lira chon nghiem ngat nhung cac chuyen gia van co

bao tinh da dang va khach quan hong nghien ciru Delphi (Bryman & Bell, 2015).

2.2 Ban chuyen gia

Mot khia canh quan hong cua mot loai hinh nghien ciru cu the la vice xac dinh mot

"hoi dong chuyen gia." Phuong phap Delphi xac dinh su dong thuan chinh sach toi iru bang each lua chon cac chuyen gia cung cap mot nguon thong tin va y kien de tiep can Dieu nay dam bao tinh hop le cao ve noi dung Theo Soanes va Stevenson (2003), mot chuyen gia la

ngubi cd kien thuc hoac ky nang cao trong mot linh lire C V the- Mead & Moseley (2013) cho rang chuyen gia co the dupe dinh nghia theo nhieu each kliac nhan chang han nhu vi tri cua hp trong to chuc, su cong nhan cua cong cluing, hoac su gibi thieu tir nhung ngubi

tham gia nghien cuu khac Mot chuyen gia nen la dai dien cua doi ngu chuyen mon cua

Mac du co nhieu dinh nghia khac nhau ve "chuyen gia" trong nghien cuu Delphi, dinh nghia qua hep se giam kich thudc mau tiem nang (Duncan et al 2004) Cac tieu chi tieu chuan thuang xuat hien trong dinh nghia ve chuyen gia bao gom kien thuc kinh nghiem va kha nang anh huong den chinh sach (Baker et al., 2006; Cantrill et al., 1996;

Keeney et al., 2001; Kennedy, 2004) Dua tren nghien cuu cua Al-araibi et al (2019), cac

tieu chi sau day duoc de xuat de lua chon chuyen gia trong phuong phap Delphi:

• Co kien thuc va kinh nghiem trong linh vuc e-learning;

• Co chuyen mon trong quan ly giao due dai hoc;

• Co bang thac si hoac tien si;

• Co hem ba nam kinh nghiem trong giang day, dao tao va quan ly trong linh vuc e-leaming tai cac co so giao due dai hoc.

nen nam trong khoang tu 10 den 50 Fowles (1978) khuyen nghi kich thudc tdi thieu cho hoi dong la bay thanh vien trong klii nhung ngudi khac goi y khoang tu 10 den 40 Ziglio

(1996) luu y rang ket qua tot co the dat duoc ngay ca vdi cac nhdm nhd hr 10-15 chuyen

mot hoi dong khoang 10 chuyen gia la so luong phu hop nhat Do do trong nghien cuu nay kich thudc hoi dong Delphi trong linh auc e-learning se tu 10-15 chuyen gia.

2.3 Quy trinh thuc hien

Hinh 1 - Quy trinh nghien cuu

su dong thuan hoac phat trien mot hieu biet toan dien ve cac chu de phuc tap (Skuhnoski et

al., 2007) Cac chuyen gia co the thao luan ve mot van de nghien cuu ma khong can giao tiep true tiep vdi nhau (Rowe & Wright, 1999) Bude dau tien trong quy trinh phdng van

Delphi la nidi cac chuyen gia va thu thap y kien cua ho Trong tnrong hop nay, mot nhom nghien cuu da tuyen chon 20 chuyen gia cd kien thuc sau rong va kinh nghiem trong cac khoa hoc dai hoc true tuyen Sau budi thu thap phan hoi ban dau vao thang 12 nam 2023, nhom da nhan dugc y kien phan hoi hr 17 trong so 20 chuyen gia De duy tri tinh tiling lap,

nhom nghien cuu bao ve thong tin ca nhan ciia cac chuyen gia Vi du, moi chuyen gia dugc

yen cau chon mot biet danh va ma hda no thanh cac ky tu El dai dien cho chuyen gia 01,

E2 cho chuyen gia 02, va cu the tiep tuc.

2.4 Thief ke bang khao sat

De phat trien mot bo tieu chi danh gia muc do san sang ciia dao tao true tuyen cac tac gia da thiet ke bang cau hoi khao sat qua hai vong nhu sau:

Vong 1: Bang can hoi gdm ba phan: A, B va C Phan A md ta cac khai niem chung

ciia bay yen to da dugc xac dinh dua tren viec xem xet tai lieu; phan B de xuat cac thang

do cho bay yeu to nay; va phan C thu thap thong tin ca nhan tu cac chuyen gia tham gia khao sat Cac chuyen gia se danh gia tien thang diem Likert 5 muc, tu 1 la "hoan toan khong

phu hop" den 5 la "hoan toan phu hop" Ngoai ra cac can hoi ma duoc sap xep a cudi moi

thang do de cac chuyen gia co the de xuat cac yeu to moi hoac dieu chinh noi dung cua cac yeu to hien tai ma ho cho la phu hop hon so voi bang cau hoi da de xuat Neu co cac de xuat

Vong 2: Noi dung va cau true cua vong nay tuang tu nhu Vong 1 Tuy nhien, cac

tham gia Vong 1 De dam bao su dong thuan hoan toan, cac chuyen gia se danh gia lai bang

duoc bao gdm d cudi nidi thang do de cac chuyen gia cd the de xuat cac yeu to moi hoac

dieu chinh nhung yeu to ma ho cho la phu hop hon Neu cd bat ky de xuat moi nao, cac

2.5 Thu thap du lieu va phan rich

diem tiling binh va do lech chuan cua du Heu tong hop do cac chuyen gia danh gia (Hsu &

Sandford 2007) Neu diem tiling binh nam trong khoang tu 3,4 den 4,19, su dong thuan

dupe coi la phu hop; neu nam trong khoang hr 4,20 den 5,0, su dong thuan la rat cao Tuy

nhien, neu diem tiling binh dudi 3.4, yeu to do can dupe xem xet va dieu chinh de dam bao tinh nhat quan (Bang 2, Gude Butucha, 2013) Gia tri do lech chuan cung dupe su dung de

xac dinh su dong thuan cua cac chuyen gia Neu dp lech chuan dudi 1.0, dieu nay cho thay

su nhat tri cao giua cac chuyen gia Ngupc lai, neu dp lech chuan tien 1, mac du cd su lien quan tiling binh cua ket qua, van ton tai su bat dong giua cac chuyen gia.

Cau hoi md se dupe su dung de thu thap y kien va kien thuc chuyen mon ve cac van

de co ban nhu them yeu to mdi, doi ten cac yeu to hien co va dieu chinh mo ta cac yeu to Cau tra loi ciia cac chuyen gia thudng chua nhieu md ta (-van ban) hon la du lieu dinh lupng trong cac cau hoi md Dieu nay cd nghia la nhom nghien cuu can doc va hieu y kien ciia tat

quy tac co ban de phan tich phan hoi cua chuyen gia dugc phat trien bdi Vegas et al., nhu

sau:

Neu cac chuyen gia khong dong y vdi khai niem hoac mot so thang do cua yeu to

Neu co hou mot chuyen gia de xuat thay ddi hoac bo sung cu the trong danh sach cac yeu to cong nghe, de xuat do se dugc xem xet.

hoac thang do cua yeu to edng nghe thay ddi se dugc xem xet vai dieu kien de xuat khong phai do hieu lam hoac sai sot hr phia chuyen gia.

Khi chi cd mot chuyen gia de xuat thay ddi hoac bd sung vao ten cua cac thang do

yen to edng nghe ma khong dugc cac chuyen gia khac de xuat, y kien nay se khong dugc

chap nhan.

Bang 1 - Bang gia tn trung binh (Ozad 2012; Butucha 2013)

Yeu to Gia tri Cronbach ’s alpha

CHUONG 3 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

3.1 Thong ke mo ta dac diem doi tuoiig khao sat

Hoi dong chuyen gia bao gom 17 thanh vien, trong do co 9 nam va 8 nit Trong so

do cd 6 chuyen gia co bang thac si 8 chuyen gia (chiem 47.1% tong so) co bang tien si va

3 chuyen gia co hoc vi Pho Giao su, Tien si Tat ca cac chuyen gia deu cd tien ba nam kinh nghiem trong linh urc e-learning, va 14 chuyen gia cd tren mudi nam kinh nghiem trong

giao due dai hoc Thong tin chi tiet ve hoi dong chuyen gia duoc trinh bay trong Bang 1.

Bang 2 - Thong tin chung ve “ban chuyen gia ”

Kinh nghiem trong linh wc

Giam ddc chuong trinh Truong dai dien 23.6

3.1 Ket qua phan tich Delphi vong 1

Quy trinh phdng van Delphi duoc chia thanh ba phan: A B va C Trong Phan A.l

fir 1 den 5, bong do so 1 bieu thi "Hoan toan khong phu hop" va so 5 bieu thi "Hoan toan

cac chuyen gia ve nhung chi so nay.

Bang 3 - Thong ke mo ta ve ket qua khao sat vong 1

binh

Do lech chuan

2 Cam ket va chinh sach 4.6471 49259

3 Dao tao & boi duong 4.6471 60634

4 Su san sang ve ky thuat 4.6471 49259

5 Su san sang ve tai chinh 4.4706 62426

6 Su san sane ve nhan luc 4.2353 97014

7 Su san sang ve van hoa 3.5294 1.00733

Theo ket qua trong Bang 3, cac khai niem nhu "San sang noi dung", "Cam ket & chinh sach", "Quy trinh dao tao", "San sang ky thuat" va "San sang tai chinh" co diem trung

binh dao dong tu 4,47 (SD = 0.62) den 4,71 (SD = 0,59), nam trong khoang "Hoan toan phu

hop" nhu dupe the hien trong Bang 2 Dac biet, "San sang noi dung" nhan dupe diem trung binh cao nliat (4,47 va SD = 0.62) Them vao do, tat ca cac gia tri dp lech chuan cua cac yeu to nay deu dudi 1, cho thay su dong thuan giua cac chuyen gia ve khai niem cua nhung

yeu to nay.

Ngoai ra diem trung binh cua cac yeu to "Nhan luc" va "San sang van hoa" lan lupt

la 3,53 va 4,23 nam trong khoang "Phu hop" va "Hoan toan phu hop" Tuy nhien, dp lech

chuan cua hai yeu to nay kha cao (0.97 va 1.01), cho thay su khong dong thuan giua cac

chuyen gia ve cac khai niem lien quan den hai yeu to nay.

Trong Bang 4 cua Phan A.2 trong vong 1, cac chuyen gia dupe yeu can giai thich ve viec them moi cac yeu to, doi ten hoac sua doi cac yeu to hien co, va cac phan hoi tu nhom

nghien cuu cung dupe trinh bay kem theo.

Bang 4 - Ket qua phan tich chi tiet cau hoi mo A 1

Yeu to Khai niem Dinh nghia Y kien chuyen gia Y kien nhom nghien cim

Yeu to ky

thuat

la viec su dung cac loai cong nghe khac nhau de tao thuan loi nang cao va ho tip viec

day va hoc Mot dem vi san

sang e-leanung xet ve mat

ky thuat la phai hoan thien cac yeu td ky thuat nhu may tinh dieu kien va thiet bi ket noi Internet hr trudc khi men

va cd ui thuc tot de dam bao

chuyen doi thanh cong hr hinh thuc hoc tap truyen

thong sang hinh thirc hoc tap

true tuyen.

ES & E12 de xuat bd cum tir

"so lupng" Pong dinh nghia

vi khd cd the do ludng cum tir nay

Nhdm nghien cuu dong y vdi quan

diem cua chuyen gia nhung cudi

cimg nhdm quyet dinh giu nguyen thuat ngu "quantity ’ " (so lupng) Du kien uong qua trinh khao sat cac tac gia se sir dung cac thang do khac nhau de danh gia so lupng nguon nhan luc tham gia giang day E- leannng bao gdm: so lupng giang vien da tao ra ndi dung E-learmng.

so lupng giang vien hien dang sir

dung song song phuong phap giang

day truyen thong va E-learning trong cimg mot hoc ky, va nhieu

phuong tien khac phai duoc co sd giao due dao tao

hoan thanh trudc khi men khai e-learning.

Hoat dong

dao tao & bdi

dudng

de cap den kha nang mot co

sd giao due cd the huan luyen cho dpi ngu giang vien

va cac bd phan hd up cac

kien thuc va ky nang hen

quan den dao tao tnrdc khi men khai e-leaming.

Su san sang

ve van hoa

la kha nang cac cP sd giao due dao tao chap nhan thay doi ve mat nhan thuc va

E6 E7 va E12 de xuat thay cum tir "nhan thuc va hanh ddnh" bang cum tir “thai do

va hanh vi"

Nhdm nghien cim dong thuan va

thuc hien cac chinh sua sau doi vdi dinh nghia "Yen to van hoa de cap

khd nang cria cac to chuc giao dne

hanh ddng khi chuyen sang

e-leaming.

trong viec chap nhan va thirc thi

cac thay ddi khi chnyen ddi sang

e-learning'' Dinh nghia da duoc sua ddi bao gdm ca yeu to chap nhan vdi

ca "nhan thuc" va "thai do".

Su san sang

ve tai chinh

nham xac dinh viec phan bd ngan sach va dau tu de xay

dung he thong e-learning

Nd bao gdm ca kha nang phan bd tai chinh cua mot to

chuc ddi vdi hoat ddng nay hay ke hoach du tni kinh phi cua co sd dao tao ddi vdi

boat ddng e-leaming.

Cam ket va

chinh sach

la viec cac trudng dai hoc

can xay dung cac quy dinh

va thda thuan nham tao dieu kien thuan loi cho viec ap dung e-leaming.

E 15 da de xuat hai yeu to mdi

trong dinh nghia (1) Yeu to tuan thu (cua sinh vien) va (2) Yeu to kiem tra va giam sat (kiem soat) tir he thong E-

leaming.

Cac tac gia da nhan duoc phan hoi nhung cd mot so nhan xet Chung tdi nhan thay hai yeu to hen quan

den vai tro man thu cua sinh vien va kiem soat sau qua trinh kiem tra se

duoc dua vao trong giai doan trien khai e-leaming Tuy nhien vi chu

de hien tai la ve giai doan "san sang"

tnrdc khi men khai tac ddng cua

cac yeu to nay van chua rd rang.

san sang ve van hoa sau khi thu thap y kien chuyen gia ve cac khai niem ban dau dugc de xuat Tuy nhien, sau yeu to con lai khong thay ddi Trong Phan B.l cua bang can hoi, cac

chuyen gia dugc yeu can cho biet muc do ddng y cua ho vdi cac thang do cu the cho tung yeu to tren thang diem 5, trong do 1 tuong ung vdi "Hoan toan khong phu hgp" va 5 la

"Hoan toanphu hgp" Bang 5 trinh bay ket qua phan tich, phan anh muc do ddng thuan giua

Bang 5 - Thong ke md ta ve thang do chi tiet cua cac thang do

Su san sang ve

ky thuat

Tinh hull boat 4.7647 43724

Nhan vien thiet ke hoc lieu dien

Su san sang ve van hoa 1 3.7647 1.39326

Su san sang ve van hoa 3 3.2941 1.40378

Su san sang ve van hoa 4 3.5882 1.22774

Su san sang ve van hoa 5 3.5294 1.32842

Su san sang ve

tai chinh

Cam ket va

chinh sach

Cam ket va chinh sach 5 4S824 33211

Dua tien ket qua tu Bang 5, cac chuyen gia da the hien su dong y manh me doi vai cac thang do duoc de xuat boi nhom nghien cuu cho cac yeu to "San sang ky thuat", "San sang noi dung", "Quy trinh dao tao", "San sang tai chinh" va "Cam ket & chinh sach'' Cac yeu to nay da nhan duoc diem trung binh tu 4.47 den 4.88, danh gia la phu hop theo tai lieu

Tuy nhien, doi vai cac thang do ve "San sang van hoa", diem tiling binh dao dong

tu 3,29 den 3.76, cho thay y kien cua cac chuyen gia chi a muc "tiling binh" den "phu hop"

doi vai cac thang do nay Do lech chuan cua cac thang do nay dao dong tu 1,22 den 1.40 cho thay khong co su dong thuan giua cac chuyen gia ve cac khai niem Hen quan den "San

sang van hoa".

Tuong tu, mot so yeu to danh gia thai do cua giao vien trong danh muc "San sang nhan lire" chi dat diem nr 2,94 den 3,35 co nghia la chung chi a muc "tiling binh" Do lech chuan cua cac thang do nay dao dong hr 1,14 den 1.36, cho thay cac chuyen gia can thao

luan them de dat duoc dong thuan ve cac thang do de xuat.

moi cac yeu to doi ten hoac sua doi cac yeu to hien co, kem theo ly do cho y kien cua ho Cac phan hoi va danh gia hr nhom nghien cuu duoc the hien trong Bang 6.

Bang 6 - Ket qua phan tich cau hoi ma (B.2)

Dong y va dieu chinh

theo y kien cua

chuyen gia E15

Ky nang va sg ho tig - Nhan vien

ky thuat phai cd kien thuc va ky

nang de hoan thanh cac nhiem vu hen quan den bao tri nang cap he thong cong nghe thong tin cung

El 5: Thai do cua nhan vien ky thuat cung la mot yeu to quan trong ben canh kien thuc va ky

nang.

Dong y va dieu chinh

theo y kien cua

chuyen gia E15

nhu ho tig giang vien' sinh vien khi ho gap su cd ky thuat

Bo sung thang do E15 Bd sung thang do "De su

dung tren nhieu nen tang va thiet

bi (laptop iPad, smartphone )"

Noi dung nay da duoc tich hop trong

thang do "kha nang ket ndi".

Yeu to san sang ve

nhan luc

Nha trudng cd dpi ngu tu van ve

phuong phap hoc true tuyen

E5, E6 E7 E10 va E12: lap

luan rang thang do thai dp nen

duoc chuyen doi thanh thang do yeu to van hoa

Nhom nghien cuu

dong y chuyen phan

"Thai dp" sang "Yeu

to van hoa" va doi ten thanh "Su chap nhan"

Nha trudng cd nhan vien hd tip ky

thuat cho e-learning Nha trudng cd nhan Men thiet ke

do hoa cac bai giang da phuong tien

Nha trudng cd tning tambd phan

dao tao true tuyen doc lap Nha trudng co dpi ngu tu van ve

phuong phap hoc true tuyen Yeu to van hoa Cac co so giao due nhan thay nee

chuyen sang dao tao theo leaming la mot dieu can thiet va cd

e-the thuc hien duoc

E5 E6 E7 va E10 ngu y rang dinh nghia hien tai ve "to chuc"

trong cac thang do nen duoc sua

doi E12 de xuat phu hop vdi

dinh nghia da dua ra truoc do

Nhom nghien cuu da nhan va chap nhan phan hoi Ket qua la ndi dung ciia muc B5 1 da dupe sua doi

nhu sau

1 Viec chuyen doi sang dao tao e- leaming tai cac

id chuc giao due

la can thiet va kha tin.

2 Dao tao learnmg cd the cai thien hieu qua chit luong giang day cua

e-cac to chuc giao

due.

3 To chuc giao due san sang

thuc hien viec

tu bd cac

Cac co so giao due nhan thay dao tao e-leaming cd the nang cao hieu qua chat luong giang day

Cac co so giao due san sang tu bb

cac phuong phap dao tao quen

thudc de tim hieu va ap dung

e-leaming Cac co so giao due san sang chia

se nguon luc tu cac bd phan khac cho viec phat trien he thong e-

leaming Cac co so giao due san sang chap nhan thu thach de dau tu vao e-

leaming

Sau khi phan tich du lieu hr cuoc phong van dan tien nliom nghien cuu da dien chinh khai niem "san sang van hoa" va cac thang do lien quan den yeu to "san sang ky thuat" Cac chuyen gia da sua doi cac thang do cho "san sang nhan luc" va "san sang van hoa" dua tren cac ket qua phan tich Nhung thay doi nay sau do da duoc tich hop vao bang can hoi cho

phuong phap

dao tao quen thuoc de hoc va

ap dung learning.

e-4 Bo phan phat trien he thong e- learning san

sang nhan cac

nguon luc duoc

chia se hr cac bo phan khac.

5 Tat ca cac bo phan trog to chuc san sang don nhan thach thuc va dau tu

cho e-leamnig

3.2 Ket qua phan tich Delphi vong 2

Trong cuoc phong van vong 2, trong phan A 1, cac chuyen gia da duoc yeu can danh gia lai cac khai niem va xem xet su thay doi trong dinh ngliia cua "san sang van hoa" ma

hp da de xuat trong Vong 1 Ho dupe yeu can danh gia su phu hop cua cac khai niem da

dien chinh tien thang do Likert 5 diem, vbi "1 = Hoan toan khong phu hop" va "5 = Hoan

loan phu hop" Ket qua cua su dong thuan cua cac chuyen gia ve cac thang do da dieu chinh

dupe the hien trong Bang 7 Ket qua cho thay rang cac chuyen gia da dong y manh me vdi cac khai niem da dieu chinh vdi diem tiling binh tir 4,21 den 4,86 Ngoai ra, cac gia tri dp

lech chuan (SD) deu nho horn 1 (tir 0.36 den 0,69) cho thay cac chuyen gia da dong thuan

ve cac khai niem nay.

Bang 7 - Thong ke mo ta cua cac yen to vong 2 (A 1)

3 Dao tao & boi duong 4.6471 60634

4 Su san sang ve ky thuat 4.6471 49259

5 Su san sang ve tai chinh 4.4706 62426

7 Su san sang ve van hoa 4.2143 69929

Trong phan B.l cac chuyen gia duoc yeu cau xem xet lai cac khai niem va de xuat thay doi bong cac thang do cua "san sang ky thuat", "san sang nhan luc", va "san sang van

hoa" ma ho da de xuat trade do Cu the cac chuyen gia da duoc yeu cau thuc hien cac sua doi sau: thay doi cum tu "mang thong tin" thanh "internet" hong thang do "Phan cung"; them "thai do" vao "kien thuc va ky nang" khi do "ky nang va ho ho"; chuyen cac bieu phap

do thai do giao vien hr thang do "san sang nhan luc" sang thang do "san sang van hoa"; va

dieu chinh lai phrasing hong thang do "san sang van hoa" Ket qua cua viec danh gia cac thang do duoc trinh bay trong Bang 8.

Bang 8 - Thong ke mo ta cac thang do co su thay doi (B.l)

Su chap nhan cua to chuc 2 4.5000 51887

Su chap nhan cua to chuc 3 4.1429 77033

Su chap nhan cua to chuc 4 40000 67937

Su chap nhan ciia to chirc 5 3 9286 73005 Dua tren du lieu trong Bang 8 co the thay rang diem tiling binh cua cac thang do

sau khi dieu chinh dao dong tu 3,93 den 4,57 Dieu nay cho thay cac chuyen gia dong y

cac gia tii do lech chuan (SD) ciia cac thang do deu nhd hun 1, dao dong tu 0,47 den 0,77

cho thay su dong thuan ciia cac chuyen gia ve cac thang do sau khi dieu chinh.

nhan them sira doi hoac de xuat de them cac yen to nidi vao cac khai niem chung va cac thang do hien tai Do do, cd the ket luan rang vong 2 la vong cudi cimg ciia nghien cim Delphi, vi hoi dong chuyen gia van can dieu chinh hoac de xuat cac yen to moi trong vong nay.

3.3 Thao luan ve ket qua nghien cuu

Sau khi hoan thanh hai vong phdng van Delphi, nhom nghien cim da sir dung bay

yen to de danh gia mire san sang trudc khi trien khai dao tao true tuyen nhu dugc trinh bay

trong Bang 9.

Bang 9 - Dinh ngliia ve cac yen to do luung su san sang

Su san sang ve ky thuat Yeu to ky thuat trong giang day va hoc tap hen quan den

viec sir dung cac cong nghe khac nliau de tdi iru va tang

cuung qua trinh nay Trudc khi trien khai mot dun vi hoc

tap tnre tuyen, viec hoan thanh cac yeu cau ky thuat nhu

dam bao san cd may tinh, dieu kien can thiet va thiet bi ket noi internet la vd cimg quan trong.

Yeu to nguon nhan lyc Yeu to nhan lire de cap den su san sang cua nguon nhan

lire, ca ve so luung va chat luung kien thuc, can thiet de

chuyen doi thanh cong tir hoc tap truyen thong sang hoc tap hire tuyen.

Yen to noi dung Trudc khi trien khai hoc tap true tuyen, cac cu sd giao

due can hoan thanh qua trinh so hda noi dung hoc tap

thanh cac tep da phuung tien nhu bai giang hoat hinh

video ngan, am thanh va hinh anh

Bdi dudng va dao tao Trudc khi trien khai hoc tap hue tuyen, cac co so giao

due nen dao tao nhan vien giang day va cac phdng ban

hd tro vdi ky nang va kien thuc phu bop

Su san sang ve van hoa Yeu to van boa de cap den kha nang cua cac co sd giao

due chap nhan va thuc hien cac thay doi trong qua trinh

chuyen doi sang hoc tap true tuyen.

Su san sang ve tai chinh Su san sang tai chinh bao gom viec xac dinh phan bd

tuyen Dieu nay bao gom kha nang cua to chuc de phan

bd nguon von cho hoc tap true tuyen hoac ke hoach ngan

sach cua co so giao due cho cac boat dong hoc tap true

tuyen.

Cam ket va chinh sach De thuc day viec ap dung hoc tap true tuyen, cac trudng

dai hoc can phat trien cac quy dinh va thda thuan phu hair

cho dao tao true tuyen Cu the, cac yeu to bao gom:

- San sang cong nghe: Bao gom 7 thang do lien quan den phan cung, phan mem, ket ndi, bao mat, va tinh linh boat.

- Nhan luc: Bao gom cac thang do ve so luong, su san cd va chat luong cua nhan

luc tham gia dao tao true tuyen.

- San sang noi dung: Duoc danli gia qua su san cd va da dang cua tai nguyen va muc

do hai long cua giang vien/sinh vien vdi cac tai nguyen nay.

- Quy trinh dao tao: Duoc do luong qua cac khda dao tao ve kien thuc va kinh nghiem

lien quan den dao tao true tuyen.

- San sang van hoa: Duoc danh gia qua su chap thuan cua tung giang vien va to chuc.

- San sang tai chinh: Bao gom 4 thang do bao gom kha nang cap tien du va su san

sang de lam nhu vay.

- Cam ket va chinh sach: Bao gom 8 thang do, xem xet su cd san cua cac chinh sach

lien quan den viec ap dung hoc true tuyen tai cac trudng dai hoc Cac chinh sach nay bao

gom bao ve quyen sb him tri tue he thong va tieu chuan thang tien nhan vien hoc thuat danh gia, va kiem soat chat luong tai cac trudng dai hoc khoa hoc vien cung nhu tieu chuan

hoa tai lieu giao due so.

CHUONG 4 KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI

3.1 Ham y quan tri

tuyen de dam bao hieu qua va giam thieu nhung thach thuc trong qua trinh trien khai.

xet trudc khi trien khai hoc true tuyen De xac nhan tinh hop ly cua cac yeu to nay, 17

chuyen gia dai hoc tai Viet Nam da dat dugc su nhat tri thong qua hai vong phong van su dung phuong phap Delphi.

sa giao due va cac nha nghien cuu tai Viet Nam de thanh cong trong viec trien khai va ap

dung hoc true tuyen vao thuc tien Nghien cuu da phat hien bay yeu to quan hong can xem xet khi chuan bi san sang cho hoc hue tuyen gdm co: "san sang cong nghe", "san sang nhan

luc", "san sang noi dung", "san sang van hoa", "quy trinh dao tao", "san sang tai chinh" ^’ a

"cam ket va chinh sach".

Trong so cac yeu to nay, "san sang cong nghe" va "san sang nhan luc" la hai yeu to quan trong nhat can xem xet trudc khi hien khai dao tao true tuyen tai bat ky ca sd giao due

dai hoc nao Dieu nay dac biet quan hong ddi vdi cac ca sd giao due dai hoc tai Viet Nam,

vi moi ca sd cd van hda dieu kien tai nguyen kha nang va quan diem khac nhau de dap ung nhu cau hoc hue tuyen cua ho.

Ngoai ra, ket qua nghien cuu cung cap cac tien chi cu the cho bay yeu to da nghien cuu hudc do Dieu nay cung cap ca sd cho cac quan ly va ca sd giao due dai hoc de danh

gia tai nguyen hien tai cua ho de hien khai hoc hue tuyen va xac dinh su phu hop cua chien

luge so vdi dieu kien cua to chuc Nd cung cd the giup trong viec thiet ke toan dien chien

vien mot each hieu qua.

vung, ma ho cd gang nang cao cho cac du an hgc hue tuyen cua hg.

3.2 Han che va cac hudug nghien cuu trong hroug lai

Nghien cuu nay nham xac dinh cac yeu to va phat trien tieu chi de danh gia su phu hop cua viec hien khai dao tao hue tuyen tai cac ca sd giao due dai hgc tai Viet Nam bang

phuong phap Delphi Mot han die Ion cua nghien ciru la so hrong chuyen gia tham gia vao

tuyen tai cac dai hoc Viet Nam chi co 17 trong so 20 chuyen gia da dong y tham gia vong phong van dau tien Va do nhung ly do bat kha khang, chi co 14 chuyen gia cd the tham gia vao vdng phong van thu hai Tuy nliien so hrong thanh den trong hoi dong chuyen gia van

dam bao tinh dang tin cay cua nghien cuu, nhu da duoc chung minh boi Akins et al (2005).

Can hru y rang mac dii tieu chi nay rat huu ich cho cac truong dai hoc, nd van chua

duoc chung minh hieu qua Vi vay khuyen nghi nghien ciru trong tuong lai danh gia tinh hieu qua ciia cac tieu chi nay tai cac truong dai hoc khac nhau Dieu nay se giiip xay dung

nen tang cho cac nghien ciru kinh nghiem tiep theo tai Viet Nam va cac quoc gia khac.

Chu nhiem de tai

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