Toi dac biettran trong cam on Kate William tai Oxford Brookes; Lynn Chiswick, Robert Simpson, Pam Dixon, David Gosling va cac giang vien cua Dai hoc Bdc London DEL, nhumg ngudi da tham k
Trang 2"Chang sinh vien nao giong sinh vien nao, nen con dddng tien ten phia tri/dc cua moi ngitbi cung mang tinh ca nhan
va rieng biet Yeu to tao ra sir khac biet thithng n£m d nhCTng thay doi trong kha nang td nhan thitc, niem tin cua ban than va thai do, ket hdp vdi viec crng dung chien lildc hoc tap hieu qua hdn."
- Stella Cottrell
Trang 3KY NANG
THANH CONG
Trang 4First published in English under the title
THE STUDY SKILLS HANDBOOK
by Stella Cottrell, edition: 5
Copyright © Stella Cottrell, under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 1999, 2003, 2008, 2013,2019
This edition has been translated and published under licence from Macmillan Education Limited, part
of Springer Nature
Macmillan Education Limited, part of Springer Nature takes no responsibility and shall not be made liable for the accuracy cf the translation
KY NANG HOC TAP THANH CONG 0 BAC CAO DANG, DAI HOC 2
Ban quyen tieng Viet © Cong ty CP Xuat ban va Dur lieu ETS, 2022
Ban tieng Viet dugc xuat ban theo thoa thuan vdi Springer Nature Limited
Khong phan nao trong xuat ban phhm nay dugc phep sao chep hay phat hanh dudi bat ky hinh thuc hoac phuang tien nao ma khong co sir cho phep trade bdng van ban ciia Cong ty Co phan Xuat ban va Dur lieu ETS Chung toi lucn mong muon nhan dugc nhung y kien dong gdp cua quy vi doc gia de sach ngay cang hoan thien hon
Bien muc tren xuat ban pham cua Thuvien Quoc gia Viet Nam
Cop y ve sach, lien he ve ban thao va ban dich: publication^etcdata.vn
Uien he hgp tac ve Ngi dung so: digital^etcdata.vn
L;er r.e hgp tac xuat ban & truyen thong tren sbeh: project^etsdata.vn
Lien he dich vu tu van, dai dien a giao dich ban quyen: rights®etsdata.vn
Trang 56 BAC CAO DANG, DAI HOC
Nhu'ng ky nang hoc thuat
Education
■dl Technology BIBB Science
th £ gi O i
Trang 6DOI NGO TRIEN KHA1ETS
Phu trach xuat ban: Le Bich Ngoc
Dieu phoi vien: Le Hoang
Thiet ke bia: Hoang Khanh
Trinh bay: My May
Thu ky xuat ban: Kim Khuyen
Cong ty Cp Xuat ban & Dur lieu ETS (ETS DATA JSC.) - Thanh vien cua Alpha Publishing Group
6"tS EE- Dong sach ETS
Tap trung vao cac tu sach Khoa hoc, Bach khoa thu, Sach tham khdo, Giao due cho tre em va
Tu sach cho cac nha quan ly giao due I ETS - Khoa hgc la nguon song
Fanpage: (gets.khoahoclanguonsong I @>ets.sach.cho.con
Dong sach Gamma
Chuyen phat then va phat hanh cac san pham hoc ngon nguco chat lugng cho cong dong day va hgc ngon ngiltrong va ngoai nude voi ba mang san pham chinh: Gamma Test - Prep,
Gamma Junior va Gamma Gen I Gamma - Bridging languages
Fanpage: ©GammaBooksl g:GammaJunior|@TuhocTOEIC.IELTSmoingay
Thu vien thong minh Einstein House
He sinh thai doc toi uu cho hoc sinh va thay co trong nha trudng, bao gom khong gian mo
da chirc nang, sirkien trai nghiem, he thong san pham so va cdc khda hoc.
Einstein House - Trai tim ciia trudng hoc
ETS DATA JSC nhgnho trg tu van mien phi ban thao va quy trinh xuat bon cho cac cd nhan,
to chuc muon viet vaxuat ban sach; ho trg xay dung cac khca hoc ngoai ngu, STEAM va ky nOng song cho tre: dong thai mang muon hap toe va dong hanh cung cac nha trudng de xay dung
WOO khong gian thu vien sang too tai cdc trudng hoed Viet Nam.
DON VI HOP TACTRUY^N THONG:
TraSdpg
6 TRAM DOC • • ABGwirnu.'f
Trang 7a o
Leri cam cm vi
Leri noi dau vii
Gicri thieu Ky nang hoc tap thanh cong cfbqc cao dang, dqi hoc 1
O' IMAhUC TOC TAP THANH CONG & BAC CAO DANG, DAI HOC
Cac ky nang hoc thuat, tirong tac con ngircd va quan ly nhiem vu 7
Trang 8Leri cam on
Toi xin gCri Idi cam cm chan thanh tdi tat ca moi ngudi
da dong vien, ung ho va danh gia nhumg phien ban
trudc cua cuon sach nay Cam On nhumg trp giup hoc
thuat va chuyen sau cua cac giao str, giang vien va sinh
vien tir cac trudng dai hoc cua Anh Quoc va tren khbp
the gidi vi nhumg dong gdp mang tinh xay dung cho
bon an pham trade day; dong gdp cua cac ban da dupe
them vao sau timg an ban bat cir khi nao co the Toi dac
biettran trong cam on Kate William tai Oxford Brookes;
Lynn Chiswick, Robert Simpson, Pam Dixon, David
Gosling va cac giang vien cua Dai hoc Bdc London (DEL),
nhumg ngudi da tham khao ban tai ban dau tien cua Ky
nang hoc tap thanh conger bac cao dang, dai hoc, Mary
Drury and Karry Omer; Andy Lloyd, Patricia Owens,
Wendy Trevor, Stella Butler va Julia Braham cua Dai hoc
Leeds; nhumg trp giang da chuan bi tai lieu cung sinh
vien mac chumg khb doc tai UEL va cac noi khac; nhan
vien tai Hoi dong Anh b Tashkent; dai hoc Almaty b
Kazakhstan; dai hoc Liverpool; Vien Cong nghe Tallaght;
Dai hoc Durham; va Dai hoc Queens Belfast Toi chan
thanh cam on sau sac tdi tat ca nhumg phan hoi va gdp
y cua hp
Xin cam an nhumg doc gia va nhumg ngudi da danh gia
cuon sach tir khap noi tren the gidi da dira ra nhumg gdp
y va phan hoi ve nhumg dieu thu vi trong sach, each hp
sir dung tu lipu, va nhumg dieu ho muon cai thipn Tdi hy vpng tdi cd the lam rd hon nhumg y kien dong vien ay.Trong an ban thir nam nay, tdi xin cam on:
Helen Caunce, Georgia Park, Rosie Maher, Suzannah Burywood va nhumg nhan vien cua Red Globe Press ve sU
ho trp, long nhiet thanh va niem tin cua ho vdi cuon sach Ban ddi cua toi, ngudi luon duy tri moi thir ke ca khi tdi chech hudng, khong chi giup tdi suy nghT thong suot ma con dong gdp rat nhieu trong viec tir duy cua cac ban cap nhat va hieu dinh ban nhap
Hang tram sinh vien da thao luan true tiep vdi tdi ve nhumg dieu ho cam thay khb khan trong hoc tap va san sang xay dung nhumg each thde mdi cua rieng ho de tiep can viec hoc Ddi vdi ho va tat ca nhumg sinh vien tuong lai cd the gap khb khan mot ngay nao do, cuon sach nay danh tang cho cac ban
vi Leri c3m <rn
Trang 9Lodi noi dau
Chao mung den vdi phien bdn thu” nam cua cuon Ky nang
hoc tqp thanh cong d bqc cao (Jang, dqi hoc The gidi cua
nhdng ky nang hpc tqp da thay doi rat nhieu ke td khi toi
viet phien b£n dau tien Hoi do khong co nhieu sach ve
mdng npi dung nay Nhieu ngirdi cho rang den luc hoc Dai
hoc ma van chira biet each td hpc sao cho tot, thi se chang
bao gid hoc tot derpe
Dieu gi dan loi den thanh cong cua moi ngddi? Dieu gi
ngan moi sinh vien dat dircrc thd hang cao nhat veri sir
thda man toi da va Io au toi thieu? Day la nhdng cau hoi
toi van luon quan tarn Toi da lam vipc vdi hang nghin
hoc sinh co qua trinh hoc hanh da dang tai nhieu loai
hinh dao tao khac nhau - tir Dai hoc Oxford tdi cac trddng
dai hoc npi do khac, tir mo hinh dai hoc hien dai den mo
hinh chuyen sau ve nghien cdu, tir bac dir bi den bac tien
sT Toi nhan ra rang du sinh vien dat dtrpc thanh tdu rut rd
hay nam trong nhom nguy co that bai, hp deu co nhdng
kinh nghiem, thai dp va thdi quen hao ton cho nang lirpng
va nhiet huyet cua ban than Hp hoac khong dat dirpc muc
tieu, hoac dang sir dung nhung chien liroc thieu hieu qua,
ton qua nhieu thdi gian, gay cang thang, chan nan hay
boi roi
Sinh vien luon Io lang ve nhdng van de co ve mang tinh
"hoc hanh" don thuan, nhung chia khoa dan den thanh
cong ciia hp lai thirdng gan lien vdi tarn nhin bao quat hon
ve qua khir, thai dp, niem tin ca nhan, tham vpng va hoan
ednh hien tai cua hp Chang sinh vien nao giong sinh vien
nao, nen epn dirdng tien len phi'a trirdc cua mdi ngirdi
cung mang tinh ca nhan va rieng biet
Yeu to tao ra sd khac biet thirdng nam d nhdng thay doi
trong kha nang tir nhan there, niem tin cua ban than va
thai dp, ket hop vdi vipc Ong dung chien lircrc hpc tap hieu
qua hdn Toi luon ngpc nhien khi chdng kien nhurng gi sinh
vien co the dat dirpc sau do: hp khong chi nang cao chat
lirpng hpc tap ciia bdn than ma con kien dinh vdi viec hoc,
bat ke cupc song co phde tqp va nhieu thach there ra sao
Cac cuon sach ky nang hpc tqp thirdng tqp trung chu yeu
trong pham vi hep gom nhung ky nang doc, viet, ghi chep
va cac bai thi, trong khi toi phat then pham vi tdi lieu rpng
hdn cho sinh vien: toi thirdng tom tat nhdng yeu to nay
sinh tren Idp hoc de sinh vien cd the "mang theo mlnh"
Theo thdi gian, nhung yeu to nay dan trd thanh cot loi ciia cuon Ky nang hoc tap thanh cong & bac cao dang, dai hoc. Chung thirdng khong bao quat trong pham vi nhung
ky nang hpc tap truyen thong ma lien quan den tri thong minh, niem tin ciia bdn than, ky de, sir the hien ca nhan, cac rao edn den thanh cong, nhung yeu to gay hai cho ban than moi ngirdi, viec thiet lap muc tieu, sir ho trp giura ban
be dong trang lira, each qudn ly noi cang thang, ca nhan hda viec hpc hanh va nhieu han nda An ban Ian nam gid lai nhung chu de quan trong va, that vui thay, chung da trd thanh tieu chuan cho nhieu tai lieu va khba hpc ve ky nang hpc tap
Them vao do, an ban Ian nay con bo sung nhurng yeu to mdi dang anh hirdng den sinh vien ngay nay Spthay doi trong phirang phap day va mdi trirdng hpc tap dang doi hdi ngirdi hpc phai nang cao tinh tham gia chii dong, trach nhiem ca nhan, kha nang hpc hdi xa hoi va ho trp ban dong trang Ida Cac trirdng dai hpc tren toan the gidi
co khuynh hirdng trd thanh mdi trirdng quoc te da dang, mang den cd hoi cho nhurng ca nhan linh hoat va nhay ben vdi cac nen van hda Cong nghe mang lai nhdng hirdng
di mdi, dong thdi cung gia tang ap lire len ddi song cua sinh vien Sdc khde, kha nang quan ly noi cang thang, viec hoan thanh khoa hpc, sir hai long trong hpc tap, diem so
va kha nang tim kiem viec lam sau khi tot nghiep la nhdng mdi quan tarn tren khap the gidi An ban nay ban ve tat ca nhdng phoang dien do
Cuoi cung, du hpc tap vi ly do gi thi ban cung se gat hai dope nhieu hon tdviec hpc hanh neu ban tim thay niem vui trong qua trinh hpc Toi hy vpng cuon Ky nang hoc
tap thanh cong dbqc cao dang, dai hoc nay se giup ban cd them niem tin vao kha nang hoc hanh cua chfnh minh va
cd vu ban tim thay niem vui tren con dirdng tdi thanh cong
Stella Cottrell, 2019
Trang 11Giorii thieu Ky nonghoc top thonh cdng&bqc coo dong, dqihoc
Bo sach nay dem den cho ban nhu'ng g'i?
Bo sach nay dupe thiet ke de giup sinh vien khai thac toi da
khii nang ciia b^n than, tuy thuoc vao hoan c^nh, muc tieu
va tham vong cua moi ngudi
Du da la mot sinh vien xuat sac hay van c^m thay minh
con non ndt, ban se deu tim thay trong bo sach nay nhu’ng
phuong phap tiep can, chien lupc, ky thuat va loi tu" duy
hoac loi song giup viec hoc tap cua ban trer nen hiqu qua,
sinh dong va thu vi hon
Bo Ky nang hoc tap thanh cbngdbqc cao dang, dqi hoc dupe
xay dung qua qua trinh lam viec there te ciing hang tram
nhan sir va sinh vien trong nhieu nam Cho tdi nay, sach da
dupe hang trieu sinh vien va hang nghin giao vien tren khap
the gidi sir dung Hoc sinh, sinh vien d tat ca cac cap hoc,
tir nhijrng ngudi vira rdi ghe nha trudng den bac tien sT, da
va dang sir dung Ky nang hoc tap thanh edng dbqc cao dang,
dqi hoc de dieu chinh cac ky nang ciia minh, hieu them ve
viec giao due cua ban than va ciing co str tir tin trong hoc
tap Tdi hy vong ban cung se tim ra nhu'ng noi dung co gia
tri vdi ban than
Cac ky nang hoc tap phat trien va hoan thien thong qua sirthau hieu, there hanh, suy ngam, thir-sai va phan hoi tir moi ngudi xung quanh khi ban budc di tren nhu'ng chang duang hoc tap Ban co the thay ngac nhien khi nhan ra ky nang tir duy va ngon ngu" cua minh da phat trien het sire ter nhien nhir the nao trong suot qua trinh do Tuy nhien, veri mot chien lupc hoc tap tot, ban se co nhu'ng budc khcri dau veirng chdc hon, tim dupe cac loi tat hieu qua va thiic day qua trinh hoc tap
Meo vat hay hoc tap chuyen sau?
Trong qua trinh hoc, phuong phap tiep can phan bien, chii dong va ter danh gia se giup ban co dupe kien thirc sau hern, neu xet den tinh dai han Tuy nhien, meo vat co the cung co the het sire hu'u dung, dac biet la khi hoc gap, hoc xdi Bp Ky nang hoc tap thanh cong d bac cao dang, dqi hoc mang den cho ban ca meo vat Ian phircfng phap hoc tap chuyen sau Hay irng dung linh hoat gida hai each tiep can nay de vira cd the irng pho cho nhu'ng trirdng hop can kip, vira ciing cd dupe nang luc hoc thuat trong dai han
-Muc tieu cua Ky nang hoc tap thanh cdng&bqc cao dang, dqi hoc
Muc tieu chii dao ciia Ky nang hoc tap thanh cong d bqc cao dang, dqi hoc la nham giup ban chii dong trong qua trinh
hudng tdi sd nghiep hoc hanh thanh cong, bang each:
* Thue day sir hieu biet rang moi sinh vien deu cd co hoi dat diem tot va gat hai thanh cong
* Lam ro ky vong ve cac quy udc, muc tieu hoc tap va each to duy dien hinh d bac Cao d^ng, Dai hoc
* Ho trp ban xac dinh cac diem manh ciia ban than cung nhu nhurng gi ban co the lam de gat hai dupe nhieu hpn
☆ Phat trien nhu'ng chien lirpc hieu qua - thdi quen, ky thuat va each to duy giup toi du hba viec hoc
★ Khuyen khich each tiep can ca nhan - each tiep can tot nhat cho ban
* Cung cap hirorng dan tirng budc each thde hien nhu'ng bai tap hoc thuat dien hinh d bac Cao dang, Dpi hoc
★ Sir dung nhu'ng hoat dong co to chirc vti suy ngam de ket noi td duy, cac giac quan va ky ire van dong
★ Dira ra cSc phan ti'ch sau sac ve each giai quyet nhu’ng hoat dong hoc tap gay khb khan cho sinh vien
★ Cung cap nguon trp giiip de ban danh gia, nhin lai va quan ly viec hoc de dang hon.
Trang 12Cach sir dong Ky nong hoc top thonh cong & hoc coo dong, doi hoc
Xac dinh noi dung ban muon doc
Ban co the chon doc phan minh can - hoac doe het
cac choong de ciing co sir to tin va kha nang hoc
thuat Sir dung it hay nhieu tuy theo mire do ma ban
thay co ich cho minh
Mdi chirong tap trung vao mot phirong dien chinh
trong hoc tap Trong thirc te, cac phirong dien do
oeu co sir ket noi vdi nhau Phat trien mot phirong
dien cung se giup ban hoan thien hon d nhiTng
phirong dien khac
Tim ra phan co noi dung
ban muon doc
De giup ban nhanh chong tim dope phan co noi
dung muon doc, ben canh Muc luc va Phu luc, cuon
sach con cung cap them:
* Tong quan cuon sach
* Ket qua ky vong o phan dau moi chirong
★ Moi trang deu co dau muc ho trq tim nhanh
* Minh hoa trpe quan sinh dong, co vai tro kich
thich tri nho, giup ban xac dinh vi tri va nhd noi
dung de dang hon
Chonloc nguon
Chon loc tir hang loat ket qua, phan to danh gia,
bang ke hoach, danh sach viec can lam, bang sap
xep quyen iru tien, bang to churc va cac hoat dong
Sir dung phan tir danh gia
Hau het cac chirong deu co mot muc tir danh gia
Phan nay co mot so Ipi ich nho:
★ La diem bat dau huti ich de xac dinh iru tien tiep
theo la gi
* Chia nhu'ng ky nang hoc tap chinh thanh nhieu
phan nho, hoac chia nho moi nhiem vu thanh
nhieu bode quan trong
★ Giup ban xac dinh, de tir do giai quyet nhu'ng
thanh phan hoac bircrc di con thieu dang can trd
hieu suat hoc tap Thong thoong, mot khi ban
xac dinh dope nhu'ng gi minh edn thieu sot,
viec trau doi ky nang nao do se vd cung don gidn
★ Giup ban theo doi sir tien bp ciia bdn than va
xac dinh nhu'ng the manh dang phat trien
Nhu'ng trang sach co the sao chep
NhiTng trang co phan to danh gia, danh sach viec can lam, bang
ke hoach va trang ti'nh cd the sao chep de sir dung nhieu Ian Neu ban sir dung nhu'ng ban sao chep do, hay gid chiing ciing nhat ky ket qua de lam tai lieu tham khao trong toang lai.Phan Ion cac mau nay deu cd san tren trang web dong hanh cung sach
Bat dau thirthach
Ban co the cai thien hieu suat hoc tap ciia minh Ban cd the lam tot Tot den dau va tot nho the nao tuy thupc vao ban va hoan canh ciia ban Nhu'ng chien lope va thbi quen hoc tap tot ciing viec hieu dope each hoc ciia ban than giup ban trd thanh mot sinh vien chii dong Hay tim kiem niem vui d nhu'ng gi minh lam Ddi sinh vien cd nhu'ng liic cd vd that khb khan - vdi al cung vay Nhu'ng ngooi kien gan khong bd cuoc va biet van dung cac chien lope hoc tap thodng vopt qua chodng ngai va dpt dope thanh qua tot hon mong dpi Nhu'ng noi dung khd hieu cd the trd nen de nhan hon neu ban quay lai tim hieu sau chut thdi gian nghi ngoi Lopng kien thirc ngay mot tang ve nhu'ng thuat ngCT chuyen nganh va cac ly thuyet co ban giup ban hieu dope chii de minh dang hoc, to duy sac ben hon va nang cao khd nang giao tiep Dirng de nhu'ng trd ngai hpc hanh trong qua khir va hien tai ngan ban den vdi thanh cong
Trang 13Bat tfau tir dau?
Ben canh each thong thudng la doc tLr dau den cuoi, ban
co nhieu each khac de bat dau kham pha cuon sach nay
Sau day la mot so gpi y
■=> Doc lirdt mot lupt de co cai nhln tong quat ve npi
dung sach Hay danh dau nhu'ng trang ma ban muon
doc lai Ban se nay ra nhu'ng y tudng ro rang hern khi
bat dau cong viec
■=» Xac dinh Boy phaerng phap tiep can viec hoc d trang sau
de co cai nhin tong quat ve phuang phap cua bo sach
■=> Hoan thanh bang cau hdi Thanh cong vdi toi la gi?
(trang 11 - Tap 1) de giup dinh hirbng ban than vdi ter
each la mot sinh vien
•=> Bat dau vdi sir tir tin vao nang lire cua ban than.
Day la nen mong cho moi thd Doc Tap 1 de tim hieu
nhCrng phirang dien cot loi cua thanh cong trong hoc
tap, nhir quan ly thdi gian, quan ly cang thang, toi iru
hda viec hoc va lam ro muc tieu cua ban than
■=» LTu tien Sir dung B^ng Cdc ky nang hoc tap: Nhu'ng tfu
tien (trang 25-26, Tap 1) de co herdng tap trung tir duy
Danh gia Neu ban khong chac ve viec bat dau xay
dung mot ky nang hoc tap, hay sir dung bang cau hdi
Tadanh gid d moi chddng thich hap de giup ban than
suy nghT ro rang han
Tru'd'ng harp ban da dat dirorc trinh do
nang cao hay tirerng dirorng?
Ban da dat dupe thanh cong trong hoc tap Khi do, thach
th de co the nam d chd ban nhan ra minh cd the lam tot
hern de edi thien hieu suat Doi liic ban cd the thay kho
ma tp tin khi quanh minh toan nhu'ng ngirdi thong minh
Chircrng 1,2, 5, 6 va 7 cua Tap 1 dac biet huu (ch trong viec
giup ban tap trung thdi gian, str chii y va nang lupng cam
xue thpt hieu qul Dong thdi ban cung cd the edi thien
nhu'ng ky nang hpc thuat khac
Ban hong kien there hoac thieu tir tin?
Hay dpc Tap 1 trtfdc tien Co gang hieu nhieu nhat ve viec
hpc noi chung, ve vipc hpc d bpc cao dang, d$i hpc v£ ve
nh&ng gl dang dnh hudng den tir duy hpc tpp ciia ban
Bpn cung cd the tim thay thong tin dpc bipt hup (ch d
nhu'ng npi dung nhir:
★ xdc djnh cac ky nang va pham chat hipn cd
(Chuang 3 - Tpp 1)
★ hieu ve "tri thong minh” (Chuang 4 - Tpp 1)
★ hoat dong doc va viet, cd san tren website dong hanh www.studyskjH^ha.nd.b.ook.co.u.k
Nhu'ng sinh vien mac chung kho doc
Hang nghin sinh vien mac chirng kho doc da tot nghiep vdi ket qua tot moi nam Nhieu yeu to trong cuon sach nay dupe xay dung qua qua trinh lam viec vdi nhu'ng hpc sinh mPc chung kho doc trong nhieu nam, nhu:
★ npi dung
* viec Ung dung minh hpa trpe quan
* thiet ke va mau sac ciia sach
* nhan manh vao ket cau
★ Ung dung cac phuerng phap tiep can da giac quan
Sinh vien quoc te
Hay chuan bi tinh than trudc la gan nhu moi mat cua viec hpc deu khac biet vdi d nha Chuang 2 (Tap 1) dac biet hiru ich cho viec thu dupe ket qua toi da tU khda hpc va Chuang 1 -4 giup ban rat nhieu trong tu duy hpc thuat va
tu duy viet Moi trudng hpc quoc te cd nhieu thach thuc, nen hay ap dung nhu'ng npi dung d Chuang 7 (Tap 1) de cham sdc ban than tot han
Hay tir ton
Ban can then gian va qua trinh thuc hanh de dinh hudng trong moi trudng cao ddng, dai hpc va phat then nhu'ng thdi quen hpc hanh tot Neu ban da ngdng hpc mot thdi gian hoac dang gap kho khan trong viec hpc, hay cur that
tu ton
Diem so nam dau cd the khong dupe tinh vao diem tong ket, nen ban se co them thdi gian de luyen tap va cai thien
Chon Io trinh rieng cho minh
Co nhieu con dudng dan den thanh cong trong hpc tap Cac Chuang 1-4 (Tap 1) khuyen khich ban tim kiem nhu'ng yeu to giup cung co viec hpc ca nhan va dua ra cac gpi y
ve each thir nghiem de tim ra nhu'ng phuang phap giup ban hpc tot han Thir nghiem Kham pha Sang tao Tim ra nhu'ng gi phu hap nhat vdi ban
Giori thieu Ky nang hoc tap thanh cong or bqc cao dang, dqi hoc 3
Trang 14Bay phirorng phap tiep can vise h©c
N6i dung cua bo Ky nang hoc tap thanh edng a bac cao
dang, dpi hoc xoay quanh bay each tiep c?n viec hoc
1 Xem hoc tap la mot chuyen
phieu lull ky thu
Cuoc song va chuyen hoc hanh trong mSt tre nhd giong
nhd mot chuyen phieu lull Idn Vdi tinh hieu ky, lu tre hoc
hoi ddyc vo so thd ma khong can dac biet no lye - chung
chi don gian la tha long, quan sat, choi dua, dat cau hoi,
ty mlnh trai nghiem, pham sai lam va muon tim hieu moi
thd Lu tre khong xem pham sai lam la that bai, khong
Io lang nhCrng gi ngudi khac nghT, cung khong ty noi vdi
chinh minh rang chung ch^ng hoc noi Neu vap nga khi
dang hoc di, lu tre lai tiep tuc ddng day, cd the cho den
khi di duyc Ngdoi Idn co the ap dung each hoc tap cua
tre nho - neu ho cho phep ban than lam oieu do
khuyen khich ban sd dpng toi da cac giac quan va ket hyp hyc tpp vdi chuyen dong de khien viec hpc trd nen de dang va thu hut hdn
3 Xac dinh dam me
Viec hoc se de dang hdn neu chimg ta co muc tieu thay vi
ep buoc ban than phai hoc vi trach nhiem Doi khi chuyen hoc hanh chang may hap dan neu ban phai viet luan, chay deadline hay ngoi trong phong thi, nhirng nh&ng viec nay ve sau lai thddng mang den cho ban cam giac man nguyen va phan tddng thddng tuypt vdi nhat
6 bat cd phuong dien nao trong chuyen hoc hanh, ban cung hoan toan co the tim thay mot diem giup khdi goi tinh hieu ky trong ban, khdi len dong Ide ca nhan hoac khien viec hoc hanh trd nen cd y nghTa - do la kha nang kham pha diem hap dan tiem an doi vdi ban Vi du, hay tddng tddng ban xuat hien tren man hinh Idn, dang say
Xac dinh muc tieu cua ban
2 Phoi hop cac giac quan va
chuyen dong
Gang thddng xuyen sd dung cac giac quan
nhd nhin, nghe va cham, cung nhd cang tich
eye van dong tinh de nhin, noi, viet, go ban
phim, ve, kiem tra va quyet dinh, chung ta
cang khuyen khich nao bo ho try hoat dong
hoc tap
Viec phoi hyp thong tin td nhieu giac quan
va chuyen dong cho phep bo nao hinh thanh
them tyong tac va cac moi lien ket, nhd do
sua hoc hanh hoac tan hudng phan thddng minh nhan duyc Hay lang nghe tieng long minh xem nd noi rang thd ban dang nhan ddoc luc nay la gi Tri tddng tuyng cua ban
se nhan biet dtryc nhttng dong luc nay va tim each de bien chung thanh sd that
Tddng tddng thanh cong cua ban
co the hieu duyc thong tin, tao ra ky de va
nhd lai tot hdn khi can den Cuon s£ch nay
Trang 154 Hoc chu dong
Chung ta hieu sau hern khi hoc tap chu dpng va ti'ch cere:
■Ar sap xep thong tin
★ bd cong doc sire de tlm ra y nghTa
★ thCr sire vdi nhieu lira chon
★ ra quyet djnh
■A- tlm kiem cac lien ket, ket noi, y nghTa, gidi phap
Bdi vay ma hau nhir trang nao trong cuon sach nay cung
yeu cau ban lam mot viec gi do, du nhd, de co the tap
trung str chu y va tirerng tac ti'ch circ hem vdi chu de dirpc
dat ra
5 Chiu trach nhiem vol viec hoc cua
ban than
Trong giao due bac cao, ban dirpc ky vpng se ngay cang
cd trach nhiem vdi viec hoc, luon san sang va co kha nang
hoc hdi theo each cua minh nhir mot ngirdi trirdng thanh
Cach tiep can nay giup ban nam vai tro dan ddt va dieu
phoi, du la trong moi trirdng hoc thuat, cong viec hay bat
ky bdi canh nao
Tiep can viec hoc theo each nay dong
nghTa vdi viec phat trien mpt loat cac
ky nang, dac biet la ky nang danh
gia va nhan dinh ve cong viec ciia
chinh minh vdi cai nhin khong chi
cong bang ma con cd tir duy phan
bipn, biet iru tien nhumg cong viec
can thiet va giam sat chat lirpng cong
viec ma ban da len ke hoach Bo sach
Ky nang hoc tap thanh cong d bac cao
dang, dai hoc ho tro va khi'ch le ban
lam dieu nay
6 Tin vao trf thong minh
cua ban than
7 Ca nhan hoa viec hoc
Moi chung ta cd mot each hoc rieng - hoan canh, trai nghipm va moi quan tarn cung khac nhau Doi vdi ciing mot khda hoc, moi ngirdi lai cd mot vai phtrerng dien hoac phircrng phap danh gia dirpc yeu thich hern Chung
ta thich hoc hoac mot minh, hoac theo nhom; hoac cd cong nghe ho trd, hoac kieu truy’en thong vdi giay but,
do thu cong; hoac d trirdng hoac d nha, van van
Ket qud van cd the khd quan ma khong can cd nhan hoa viec hoc, nhirng ban cd the khien qua trinh hoc trd nen hieu qud, thu vi hem neu phircrng phap va thdi diem ban chon vira van vdi bdn than ban nhat Se khong bao gid la udng phi khi danh thdi gian de tim hieu, can nhac nhilng yeu to toi iru hoa viec hoc va tlm ra nhumg gi that sir hieu qud nhat vdi ban (xem Chirdng 4 va 5 - Tap 1)
Co the nhumg yeu to hum ich doi vdi ban se thay doi tuy theo phircrng dien ban tir tin va yeu thich (hoac khong) trong khda hoc, theo noi dung nhiem vu, theo tarn trang cua ban, theo ngirdi ban dang hoc cung, theo lirqng thdi gian ban cd, hay theo thdi diem trong ngay
Hay thlt nghiem cac chien lirqc va ky nang ma ban hien dang sir dung Bo nao con ngirdi cd kha nang thich dng cao: ngirdi hoc tot cd the de dang thay doi qua lai gida cac chien lirpe va each tiep can khac nhau, tuy vao nhiem vu ho dang xirly
Khi ban co trach nhiem vdi viec hoc, each
^^3 tiep can nay se mang den cho ban cd hoi dieu chinh trai nghiem hoc hanh phii hop vdi ban than Bo sach nay cung cap nhieu gpi y giup ban cd the lam diroc nhir vay
Chon
Nhieu hoc sinh Io lang rang hp khong du thong minh de
hoc tot, dac biet la khi khda hoc cd noi dung kho Neu
chuyen hoc d trirdng khong dau vao dau, ho cd the nghi
ngdviqc minh cd "gen hoc hanh" khong Neu tirng dat
dirpc thanh ti/u hpc tpp xuat sac, hp Ipi Io minh da danh
mat phong do Lo lang va cang thang khien hp edng kho
hpc hPn
Khi da co sir chuan bj, thai dp va chien lirpe dung dan, kha
nang cao la bpn se hpc tot thdi Hay tin rang ban cd the
dpt dirpc mpc tieu va hay bien niem tin do thdnh sip that
Xem Chirdng 4 (Tqp 1) de biet them chi tiet, hay Chirong 7
(Tap 1) de hpc each qudn ly cang thang va lo au
Bay phircrng phap tiep can viec hoc
Bay phircrng phap nay co tacdongnhirthe nao
doi vdi viec hoc tap va nghiencdu cua ban?
Diem nao la dac trirng chochien lirpe hoc tap cuaban - va diem nao dang de ban can nhac them?
Giofi Chieu Ky nang hoc teip thanh cong o’ bac cao dang, dai hoc 5
Trang 16Mot khori dau mon
TCr phan gicrl thieu dtrang trodc, han ban da nhpn ra mot
tien de quan trpng cua cuon sach n^y: thanh cong trong
hoc thuat la ket qua ciia nhieu yeu to khac nhau Tri tue
la mot yeu to, nhimg khong han la yeu to quan trqng
nhat Ban hoan toan co kha nang lam chu nhu'ng yeu to
khac de dan tdi sir thanh cong do
Trai nghiem hoc thuat cua ban trong qua khir se khac
vdi trai nghiem d moi trodng cao d3ng, dpi hoc Day la
mot khcri dau mdi Neu ban dau ban khong thanh cong
nhir mong dpi thl van con do nhu’ng cP hoi phia trodc
de ban lam lai va lam tot hern Moi nam, moi hoc ky, moi
hoc phan hay moi don vi hoc trinh deu mang den cho
ban co hoi de bat dau lai tir dau vdi each tiep epn cua
rieng minh
Lau nay ludn hoc gidi?
Co the ban da thiet lap dope mot so nen tang tuyet vdi
cho viec hoc dai hoc roi Hay de Ipi the nay khich le sp tp
tin trong ban Tuy nhien, ngay ca nhPng sinh vien xuat
sac nhat cung co the tlm ra cac each hoc mdi giup tiet
kiem thdi gian, tinh chinh ky thuat hoc tap va dieu chinh
chien lope de dat dope muc tieu d bac hoc cao hon
Co xu hiring quanh quan or “tam trung"?
Ban co cP hoi do xem minh di dope bao xa neu dat muc
tieu cao hpn va dieu chinh lai chien lope cua minh Ban
muon di bao xa? Dieu gi dang kirn ham ban? Lieu ban
co man nguyen hdn vdi chuyen hoc hanh neu ban dau
tap thanh cong & bye cao dang, dai hoc dope thiet ke nham giup ban thach th ire nhu'ng niem tin thodng dan den that bai Bo sach nay cung cap nhPng bode thiet thpc de tien len phia trodc
Tam quan trong cua nhu'ng chien lirqrc tot
Sinh vien thodng ngac nhien va thich thu khi nhan ra hp
co the dat dope thanh tich tot de dang hon neu biet phat trien nhu'ng chien lope hoc tap phu hpp vdi each ho to duy
va lam viec, phu hpp vdi hoan canh cua hp, dong thcri dpa tren nhu'ng sd thich va Ou tien ca nhan cua hp Cac chien lope tot nhat thodng dope xem xet trong pham vi rang, can nhac moi nhu cau cua ban, tir sire khde, hanh phuc den muc tieu va hung thu
Bp sach nay cho phep ban xem xet trai nghiem thcri sinh vien cua minh tir moi goc dp, dong thcri tiep epn viec hpc hanh, cupc song va thanh cong cua ban than mot each toan dien
Hay trai nghiem cuon sach nay!
Mong rang ban se thich Kynang
hoc tap thanh conger bac cao dang, dai hoc va thai sinh vien cuaminh
6 Gio^i thieu Ky nang hoc tap thanh cong (f bac cao dang, dai hoc
Trang 17maing cac
hoc o thoSt, o u
fturwg tac c©m
ffugufcfo va ©]u®m Dy nlhDem o o vu
Cac ky nang hoc tap gom nhieu yeu to nhir da trinh bay d
Chuong 1 (Tap 1) Nhung ky nang lien quan den str tu tin
vao nang lure ban than da dupe xem xet d Tap 1
Tap 2 se ban ve ba bo nang lire cot loi khac co lien quan
Ian nhau, dong vai trb quan trong doi vdi hoc tap va cuoc
song sinh vien
Cac ky nang hoc thuat
Trd thanh mot sinh vien trong moi trudng cao dang, dai
hoc chdng khac nao trd thanh mot hoc gia hoac giao sir
tap sir Ban phat then cac ky nang cho phep ban than tim
hieu va boi dap kien there bang tinh than va van hoa dac
trirng cho no li/c hoc tap
Cac ky nang hoc thuat bao gom cac hlnh there tir duy,
hanh vi va phirong phap dac trirng trong cong viec hoc
thuat cung nhir hoc tap d moi trirdng cao dang, dai hoc
Chung co the khien qua trinh tu duy cua ban them sac ben
theo nhCng each hC?u ich cho gan nhir moi phirong dien
cuoc song Chung giup ban thau hieu the gicri va trinh bay
nhutig goc nhln sau sac cua minh vdi moi ngudi
Khi hQC vd, ban se thirc hanh nhutig dong tac cot loi theo
do kho tang dan Viec hoc tap cung vay, nd doi hoi dirpc
xay dong tren nen tang cac ky nang quen thupc vdi ban:
doc, viet, dieu tra, gidi quyet van de, thdo luan Dan dan,
ban thanh thao hern ve phirong phap nghien ciru mot
chu de va the hien ban than tot hon de co the truyen dat
rd rang, chinh xac cac khai nipm cao cap Dieu nay cung
co the giup ban nang cao khd nang nhpn biet van de khi
ngirdi khac con mcr ho hoac Idng tranh; cung biet dope lieu
ban than cd du thong tin can thiet de dua ra quyet dinh
sang suot vd giai phap hdu ich hay khong
Cac ky nang tirorng tac lien nhan
Cong viec hoc thuat xay ra trong pham vi mot epng dong hoc tap, thirdng la nhutig epng dong quoc te da dang
Sd huti ky nang tirong tac lien nhan tot va cd hieu biet
ve cac nen van hba giup trai nghiem cua chung ta phong phu hon, tao dieu kien trao doi y tudng va ho trp Ian nhau La mot sinh vien, ban se co Ipi neu dirpc hpp tac vdi moi ngirdi, giup do Ian nhau va trao doi y kien trong khi van duy tri tinh trung thuc trong hoc tap
Quan ly nhiem vu
Kha nang quan ly nhiem vu rat quan trong neu muon thanh cong trong hoc tap Ban can cd kha nang hoan thanh nhutig nhiem vu ngay cang phut tap theo each cd
ke hoach va to chut trong khoang thdi gian nhat dinh
Se co ich neu ban biet ro each giai quyet cac nhiem vu tir dau den cuoi, doc lap hoac hpp tac cung ngirdi khac khi phu hop Tap 2 se hirdng dan tirng birdc each quan
ly nhutig nhiem vu dac trung trong moi trirdng cao dang, dai hoc, nhir cac bai luan, bao cao, nghien ciru tinh huong, khoa luan, do an nhdrn, bai thuyet trinh va thi cut
Ti'ch hofp cac ky nang cua ban
Tap 2 xem xet dpc lap tirng ky nang cu the, nen ban cd the tap trung chi tiet vao chimg Chung ta se xem xet cac
ky nang thirdng ngay ma cd the ban cung dang sir dung, nhir ky nang dpc va ghi chep khi d bac hoc nay, lam viec nhdrn, phat trien kha nang ghi nhd va phan ti'ch phan bien, viet luan va lam bai tap hay doi mat vdi cac ky thi Trong there te, viec sir dung linh hoat cac ky nang trong cuon sach nay, ke ca d tap 1, se giup ich cho bpn Theo thdi gian, ket hop vdi thirc hanh, ban se tp dong ti'ch hop
de dang nhUng ky nang do
Trang 181 fnWlP LI m ■£§)(£ [ft©© vol® m)[h)©ms tSIP
GVB qjjc fioetui « churwrog
ChiTdng nay giup ban:
✓ can nhac gia tri cua kha nang lam viec hieu qua vol moi ngtrcri
✓ nang cao cac ky nang tirorng tac lien nhan va giao tiep
✓ hieu each hoat dong nhdm hieu qud va each trdr thanh mot thanh vien ti'ch arc
✓ xay dpng su" tir tin khi tham gia theio luan nhom va hoi thao
■/ phat trien cac chien lu'o'c hop tac hoc tap, nhtr ho trp ban be, phan hoi mang tinh xay dtrng
hay dong gop cho cac hoi theio, do an nhom, hoac cac bai thuyet trinh.
Viec hoc d bac cao dang, dai hoc thirong tap trung vao
thanh tich ca nhan Cu the la m6i nguPi se dupe "thpdng"
mot tarn bang tPOng xirng vdi thanh ti'ch hoc tap cua minh
Cac mon hoc cung dan dbi hoi sir hop tac lam viec trong
nhom Viec nay thuPng lien quan den nhu'ng hoat dong
nhom trong/ngoai Idp hoc, dong gop cho cac buoi thao
luan, do an nhom, cac bai thuyet trinh trong hoi thao hoac
buoi hoc nhom cd huPng dan, dira ra nhu'ng phan hoi
mang tinh xay dpng cho moi ngtrcri hoac ho trp ban be
trong hpc tap
Sau day la mpt so ly do sinh vien nen lam viec theo nhom
★ Cong dong hoc tap: giup sinh vien hpc hoi Ian nhau,
chia se kien there vdi vai trb la thanh vien chu dpng,
ti'ch epe trong mot epng dong hpc tap ho trp l5n nhau
★ Nhu'ng quan diem da dang: nang cao nhan there ve
nhu'ng gi dat dPpc khi xem xet van de tir nhieu gbc dp
khac nhau
★ Hieu qud hoc tap: cung cap nhu'ng phuPng phap da
dang giup hpc tap vupt trpi trong boi cPnh mpt so sinh
vien thfch hpc tpp trong epng dong, lam vipc nhom va
thPo luan
★ Hieu urng dpi nhdm: sinh vien thupc nhu'ng dpi nhom
doan ket cd xu hirdng hpc tot hon, cd khP nang
thuc day Ian nhau hoan thPnh khda hoc
va dpt thPnh ti'ch tot
★ Nhu'ng ky nang sau khi tot nghiep: nang cao nhu'ng ky nang quan trong ve sau trong cong viec hoac trong cac hoat dpng nghien cup theo nhdm Ky nang xa hoi tot can thiet cho cong viec khi tot nghiep va dupe cac nha tuyen dung danh gia cao
Chacrng nay tpp trung vao nhu'ng ky nang va nguyen tac giup ban lam viec hieu qua vdi moi ngPdi, bat ke trpe tiep hay trpe tuyen Chung ta se xem xet nhu'ng hanh vi cd the h6 trp viec hpp tac hpc tap, nhir:
★ edi md vdi nhu'ng de xuat cua moi ngirdi
★ the hien rd rang thong diep, y tirdng cua ban
★ cho di va nhan Ipi nhu'ng phPn bien mang tinh xay dpng
★ giup do nhau dong thdi v§n duy tri tinh trung thut trong hpc tpp
★ trd thanh mpt thanh vien hup ich trong nhdm, dong gop hieu qua cho cong viec chung
Trang 19Htfp tie hoc tap
Boi canh
Khac:
Nhung boi canh hop tac hoc t£p nao sau day co kha nang
xuat hien trong khba hoc cua ban?
□ phongtrb chuyen □ nhom thao luan
□ wiki (trang thong tin □ nhom co van
mb) cua Idp hoc
□ nhom "phan bien"
Thach thirc
Trong cac nhiem vu hop tac hoc tap, ban co co hoi trau
doi nhung ky nang va pham chat dang quy trong cong
viec va cube song nhir kha nang nhan there va than hieu
nhung dong lire cua nhom, each moi ngirbi suy nghT va
cam nhan, yeu to truyen dong li/c cho moi ngirbi, each
phan bo ky nang doi nhom va thbi gian de dat ket qua
tot nhat Dieu nay dong nghTa vdi viec suy nghT ve each
ho trer de ngirbi khac dong gbp hieu qua cho ebng viec
chung, dong thbi tiep nhan y kien cua moi ngirbi ve vai
trb cua ban than
Phat trien nhurng pham chat tren co the la mot thach
there bdi viec nay doi hoi ban nhan there ro rang hon ve
ban than va phai dam nhiem nhung trach nhiem mbi ma
luc dau co the khien ban khong thoai mai Ngoai ra con
boi ban can dat nhung mbi quan tarn chung cua nhom
len trirbc moi quan tarn cua rieng minh
Hcrp tac lam viec mot each thuan thuc
Hay nhd lai mot dip ban tirng tham gia mot nhom lam
viec cac biet hieu qua
* Dieu gi da mang lai thanh cong cho nhom?
★ Nhom do co gi khac cac nhom khac?
De hbp tac lam viec hieu qua, theo ban, nhung ky
nang va pham chat nao la quan trong?
Ban co can phat trien them ky nang nao trong so do
khong?
Gid tri cua hap tdc lam viec
Ban danh gia cao phung phirong dien nbo sau day khi lam viec, hap tac?
□ Yeu thich cam giac doan ket trong nhom
□ Chia se y tirdng va kich thich tir duy Ian nhau de moi ngirbi cung co them nhieu y tirbng
Q Co them nhung quan diem mbi me va da dang
□ Khai thac ngubn trai nghiem, n'en tang kien thCrc va phong each lam viec da dang hon
□ Phat trien nhung ky nang lien quan den cong viec
□ Hoc each tap trung vao nhiem vu ngay ca khi dang tan hirbng cam giac dong hanh cung moi ngirbi
□ Dat thanh tich tot han so vbi khi lam viec mot minh
□ Co co hoi dam dirang nhiem vu
□ Co hoi thlt nhung vai trb khac nhau trong nhom
□ Hoc each "cho va nhan" thay vi chi cho di hoac chi nhan lai trong nhom
□ Hieu rb suy nghT cua ban than thong qua thao luan
□ Ta tin khbng dinh quan diem cua minh
□ Hoc each lam viec vdi nhung ngirbi "khd tinh"[J Hoc each doi mat vdi nhung thir thach va phan bien th moi ngirbi
□ Thu dupe nhung "meo" pho bien, vi dp biet ten nhung ung dung hoc tap hieu qua mbi
Trang 20Horp tac lam vofc: cats sinh vo S itd m©o gl?
thuc la moi may Sol mu vi
Nhom cua tdi kha doan ket Chung tdi rat than thiet va khong khi luon vui vb Tdi da cham chi there hien dir an do vl biet reng mpi ngudi dang dira vao minh va tdi khong muon khien
ho that vpng Tham chi, tdi con lam viec cham chi hern o nhung nhiem vu khac bdi cac thanh vien trong nhom lien tuc hoi tinh hinh there hien cac nhiem vu do va nhan tin khich le tinh than tdi
f Kh nh3‘ “a hoc nhom la nhtrn,
y tuon;| cua toi nhan IIlTO: phSn h6i t£rmoi
f "S T“ hop lip dira ra nhan xdt ve
I 1 U qUcS “a.m0' y todng Mpi ngua nhan ra
yng dieu toi khong nhan ra Den gid tdi da
,'eU W tam quan trong cua viec dung vdi
vang thuc hien giai phap nghTden dau tien Tdi
TOM <• <« TO X'’ < *» lSng
BO khong Pha' k'e sm Chap va lol tW 8hel
lam vide nhom qu c?nh lranh va
lang Phi th“ ®anJ caCi udngcia minh Nhcrng
khong thlch chia « « * p nhOng
„6i vay thoi IS' «n i* - cimg <« W «*• ™nh
L me nao-J^o & v’Ph
tuipnga«mlchg.ao'ePk v.nh.nrabS
lol thlch hoan manh “ng g m.( nh6m can
than rat g* n"3" “' ® cho mol ng«» ja
d e hoar ddng g'a' m« « aau „ao 06
ngSm nhln mol thu M ph8t trlen
Hipn nay toi dang 0 a8 c6 goc
^SXUnhdm
8 dan k,dn nh^n va trd nen hba dong hon
voi moi ngudi trong nhom 8
„ Ai runs’ CO vb so sir kien Nhom do an cua toi that tuyet v i g§ng
each tiep
WC-Tdi that sir khong thich thao luan nhom, nhirng do la hoat dong chung ta khong tranh dirqc du muon hay khong Tdi la ngudi rat tap trung nen tdi ghet moi Ian cac nhom chech hirdng trong cong viec Birdc ngoat xay ra vdi tdi khi nhung “khuc cua" nay dan den nhung hirdng di ma tdi chira tirng nghT den Mot vai hirdng di trong do tuyet vdi den bat ngd Tir do, tdi bdt suy nghT tir dtk va dieu nay kha tot cho tdi Tdi cung bdt nhut nhat hern nCTa
Tdi da hoi sdc vdi nhung danh gia trong nhom bdi tdi cir nghT minh la mot ngudi gidi giao tiep Tdi hay tan chuyen nen that khb chap nhan khi nghe mpi ngudi noi r3ng minh nen nbi ft di va lang nghe nhieu hon Tdi nghT minh da Icing nghe, nhung moi ngudi trong nhom noi rang tdi khong thuc su l^ng nghe va can nhac nhung gi mpi ngudi nbi va lam Khd co the nbi rbng do la nhung nhan xet de nghe, nhung it nhat do
la nhung gi tdi can biet va la mot trong nhung dieu huu ich nhat tdi cd dupe tir khda hoc nay
- - MHBHMgMMMM
Dieu tirng khien tdi phien Idng khi ISm vi?c nhom la moi ngudi khong chiu thuc hien phan viec dupe phan cong Tdi da hoc dupe rang, ngay tu luc bat dau, ben can pho bien rd quy tac ciia nhom
ai dupe phan cong lam gi vd heu qub neu khong thuc hien viec da dupe phan cong Nhuvey, nhom cua ben co the lam viec thpc su
Trang 21Danh gia cac ky nang
cua ban
Dau tien, hay danh gia trung thi/c
nhung yeu to trong hoc nhom sau
day, str dung thang diem tir 1-4
4 = xuatsac; 1 =yeu.
Diin giai diem danh gia
cua ban
Str dung diem danh gia de xem xet
ve ky nang va mire do thoai mai
tarn ly cua ban khi cung moi ngudi
thi/c hien nhung nhiem vu khac
nhau trong nhung boi canh
★ Nhung yeu to nao cung "on"
nhung co the tot hon?
* Nhung yeu to nao co diem
thap nhat? Chung co diem
chung g’ khong?
Goc suy ngam
Cac ky nang giaotiep
lien nhan
Nhung ky nang nao se mang lai
lai ich neu dirac phat then them?
Ban muon tim hieu
them?
Hay theo doi chi tiet nhung khi'a
canh ma ban muon dao sau
trong chuang nay, hoac doc
them ve nang luc van hoa trong
Chuang 2
1 Xem xet nhung yeu to can cho hoat dong cua mpt nhom 1234
4 Tao moi trudng lam viec co tinh tuong tra cao trong nhom 1234
5 Thiet lap nhung quy tac co ban hap ly trong nhom 1234
10 Lang nghe y kien, quan diem cua mpi ngudi 1 234
11 Sir dung hieu qua nhung y kien dong gop cua moi ngudi 1234
13 Phan chia cong bang thdi gian va quyen ra quyet djnh 1234
14 Giai quyet tot nhung thdi diem kho khan trong nhom 1234
16 Don nhan cac y kien phan bien mot each hieu qua 1234
18 Thiet lap nhung nhom ho trq ban be/nhom hoc tap 1234
19 Biet each chia se nhiem vu nhung khong gian Ian 1234
21 Thuyet trinh y kien hieu qu£ trudc ca nhom 1 234
25 Lam viec hieu qua veri nhung ngudi den tu” nhung nen van hoa, 1 234
Tong diem (tren 100)
Trang 22De lam viec nhom hieu qua
Lam vi?c nhom mang lai nhieu lpi ich nhung khong ph^i Iuc nao cung de dang Tuy vpy, doi m?t vdi nhung thCr thach se giup ban phat trien ky nang va nhan there Nhdng luu y sau day co the co (ch trong hau het cac cong viec theo nhom,
du la trong lerp, trong cac hoi thdo, tai
Tao bau khong khf lam
viec co tfnh tircrng tro'
Hieu cam giac cua moi ngudi
Moi ngudi thudng Io lang han nhdng
gi ho the hien ra ngoai Ho ngai bi
chi trich hoac so minh khong dupe
nhu moi ngudi ky vong Hay dua ra
nhiTng nhan xet co tinh xay dung vdi
moi ngudi Dat muc tieu trd thanh
mot ngirdi than thien va san sang
giup dor thay vi chi tap trung vao lai
ich ban than
True tiep giai quyet nhung Io lang
Lam viec nhom hieu qua nhat khi
cac thanh vien gan ket chat che vdi
nhau Trong budi lam viec dau tien,
hay danh thdi gian de moi ngirdi bay
to cam nhan ve nhom hoac mon hoc
Ho ban tarn dieu gi trade khi co mat d
day? Nhung ngadi khac cd cam nhan
nhuvay khong? Ban can biet rang
ban khong phai la ngadi duy nhat co
nhung moi ban tarn Hay ciing nhau
thao luan de tim each bien nhung Io
au thanh cd hoi
Dat ra nhung quy tac ccf ban
Bade nay dac biet quan trong neu
ban dang thiet lap mot nhom hoc
tap hoac lam do an Nhung quy tac
cd ban can lam ro nhirng van de nay
sinh trong nhom, chang han:
★ so Ian tham dir, tinh dung gid va
nhung cam ket
★ nhOng hanh vi hoac blnh luan
khong dupe chap nhan
★ nhom se lam gi neu cd ngadi tim
each Ian ludt, khong th pc hipn
trach nhiem dupe phan cong
hoac phdt Id nhung quy tac
cd bdn Xem trang 18
ri lam viec, cac dirdn hay budi thao luan
Dat ra cac giefi han rd rang
Lam ro nhung viec ma nhom se lam hoac khong lam de ho trp moi ngadi
Luon cd tinh than ho tra va khuyen khich Ian nhau, nhung tranh can thiep qua sau vao nhung kho khan rieng cua moi ca nhan hoac co "giai ciru" ho Hay giup ho tim kiem sir ho tra phu hap
Len ke hoach ngan chan
nhung van de
Neu ban sap hap tac cung mot hoac vai ngudi trong mot khoang thdi gian nhat dinh, hay suy nghT xem cac ban
hy vong dat dupe dieu gi tir viec do
va van de gi cd the phat sinh Viet ra nhung dieu cac ban can nhac thanh
ba muc:
* Lpi the
* Khb khan cd the gap phai
* Cach giai quyet kho khanHay cung nhau xem xet tat ca lpi the
Can nhac tirng kho khan cd the gap
va suy nghT huong giai quyet Sang tao trong viec tim kiem nhung chien Itrac Neu cac ban thuc su be tac, hay noi chuyen vdi giang vien
Tao moi trirdmg lam viec
nhom hieu qua
Lam rd muc dich cua nhom
Duy tri sir tap trung cua nhom vdo muc dich lam viec va nhung myc tieu
da dupe de ra nhu:
★ mot nhiem vp, san pham hoac ket qua cp the nhu mot bao cao, wiki,
do an, bai thao luan
★ phat trien cac ky nang lien nhan
★ tarn nhin ca nhan sang suot han
★ ho tra Ian nhau va doan ket
★ tuang tac xa hoi
Co chuang trinh rd rang
★ cd muc dich ro rang moi Ian hop nhom
★ Thiet lap chuang trinh cho moi Ian hop, quyet dinh thdi lupng danh cho moi phan cua chuang trinh va tuan thu khung da de ra
★ Gap gdd nhirng dia diem phu hpp Neu nhom cua ban khong phai la nhom xa hoi thi hay tranh gap d nhung dia diem cong cong
★ Sap xep trade thdi gian va dia diem hpp de moi ngudi deu cd the tham du
Kiem tra tien do
Neu nhom lam viec cd ve khong hieu qua, hay true tiep giai quyet tinh trang do Moi ngudi nen Ian luqt de xuat nhung gi cd the thuc hien de giai quyet cac van de, ke ca nhung thay doi d tirng ca nhan Hay can nhac nhirng yeu to nhu:
★ Nhom cd can gan ket vdi nhau qua mot hoat dong xa hoi hoac gap gdsdm han de giao luu?
★ Cac nhiem vu cd dupe phan chia cong bang khong?
★ Cd ai dang lam quyen, Ian ludt ngudi khac khong?
★ Cac ban cd du quan tarn den cam xue va y kien cua nhau khong?
Tranh nhiJng chi trich tieu cue hoac
do Idi cho nhau
Trang 23De lam vi@c nhom hieu qua
Dam nhan trach nhiem
Moi thanh vien can chu dong va co trach nhiem vdi ca
nhom Neu van de nao do nay sinh, ke ca khi no xuat phat
tif sai lam cua mot thanh vien trong nhom, thi moi ngudi
deu co trach nhiem giai quyet van de do de nhom co the
tiep tuc van hanh
Nghien cun nhu'ng diem manh
cua nhom
Tim hieu nhu’ng ky nang va kinh nghiem trong nhom
Ai phu hop lam to chut, dieu hanh cac buoi hop, ghi chep?
Noi ro nhu'ng viec ban muon dupe thpc hien Neu vai
ngudi muon lam cung mot viec, hay luan phien thuc hien
hoac chia ra Hay dam bao rang ai cung co vai trb rieng
Phan cong nhiem vu va vai trd
trong nhom
Trong moi buoi hop, hay quyet dinh vai trd cua tdng
thanh vien
★ Lam ro ngudi nao se lam viec gi
vi?c da thong nhat Cd bien phap xir ly ro rang neu ai do khong thpc hien nhu'ng vi?c da dupe phan cbng Ciing nhau ban b^c xem cd hi?u qua hon hay khong neu phan cbng nhiem vq dua tren diem manh cua moi thanh vien - phuong phap nay hdu hieu neu nhom can nhanh chbng tpo ra thanh qua hoac dang chay dua trong moi trudng
co tinh cpnh tranh Trudng hop muc tieu chinh la hpc hoi each hop tac lam viec, hay can nhac viec luan phien vai trd
de moi ngudi deu co co hpi phat trien da dang ky nang va kinh nghiem
Quan ly nhu'ng yeu to "pha hoai"
tiem an
Canh giac trudc nhu'ng ca nhan hoac nhom cd ve muon lam mat thdi gian va su chu y bang each than phien ve ban chat cua nhom hoac nhu'ng sai lam trong viec thuc thi nhiem vu Dung de nhom bi sa lay Hay dua nhom quay
ve quy dao hoat dong Can nhac nhu'ng budc di tiep theo
de dat duoc muc tieu chung Tap trung vao nhu'ng giai phap tiem nang thay vi chu y den cac van de
★ Dat thdi han hoan thanh cu the
Trtfcmg nhom
Tuy moi ngudi deu nen dong gdp cbng sure nhung
trudng nhom la ngudi xay dung va duy tri Id trinh,
dam bao mbi ngudi deu co tieng noi rieng va quan
diem cua ho lubn dupe lang nghe; do cung la ngudi
giup ca nhom tap trung vao van de dang duoc thao
luan va tong ket nhu'ng diem chinh
Ngi/cri quan ly thiri gian
Ngudi quan ly thdi gian dam bao nhom lam viec
theo dung thdi gian bieu Doi khi, trong cac buoi
hop, hp la ngudi phan bd thdi lupng dong gdp cbng
viec cho moi ngudi
Thu’ky hoac ngirdi ghi chep
Ngudi ghi chep ghi lai ai se lam viec gi va vao thdi
diem nao, cung nhu bat ky quyet dinh nao khac
dupe dua ra
Ngu’cri quan ly dir an hoac nhiem vu
Trong thdi gian giura cac buoi gap mat, ngudi quan ly
nhiem vu se kiem tra xem moi ngudi co dang thuc hien
nhu'ng gi da dupe thong nhat hay khong
Pha hoai nhom cua ban
Lam viec theo nhom rat de "xbi hong bong khong" bbi hanh
vi cua mot ca nhan Thudng thi viec nay xay ra vo tinh
Vi moi ngudi lubn Io Ibng hoac e ngai bi ngudi khac phan xet nen ho cu xir nhu the ho chang he quan tarn
Hanh vi pha hoai
Phan chia edng viec edng bang
Can nhac tinh cbng bang trong moi hoan c3nh va dieu
can lam neu co ngudi thuc sU khong the thuc hipn nhu'ng
Ca nhan ban co kh3 nang vb tinh gay ra nhdng hanh vi pha hoai nao (nhu di mupn, khong chuan bj trudc, nbi chuypn rieng)? Ban co the thay doi nhu the nao?
Trang 24Thao Kuan haeu qua
Tan dung toi tru Ion (ch cua viec
thao Euan
Triffic khi thao lugn
☆ Dam b^o ban <3a hoan thanh nhumg nhiem vu dupe
thong nhat trirdc do
☆ Xem qua va suy nghT ve chu de thao loan
-A- Ban muon nhumg cau hoi nao duac giai quyet?
Trong qua trinh thao lugn
* Dam bao moi ngu'di co the nhin thay va lang nghe
Ian nhau
* Cdi met tiep nhan nhumg diem mdi
* Ghi chu nhumg thong tin hull ich
* Ghi lai nhumg cau hoi
* Neu co van de nao chira hieu, hay hdi
* Lien ket nhumg gi ban nghe du'qc vdi nhumg gi da biet
* Dong gop - chang han, hay neu nhumg diem ma ban dang quan tarn
Sau khi thao lugn
■* Xem lai mot lirqt phan ghi chu va tom tat Bo sung chi tiet va quan diem mdi neu co
* Hay dam bao ban biet chinh xac thdi diem minh se there hien nhCrng hoat dong dupe de xuat trong buoi thao luan Nhumg hoat dong do co trong nhat ky lam viec cua ban khong?
"0 td hieu roil Td da hieu
sai "
Ho trer tien trinh hoat dong
* Dong gop cho buoi thao lupn - nhtrng
dirng Ian lurcrt moi ngu'di
* Dpt cau hoi - nhtrng khong qua nhieu
★ Co trach nhi?m - dirngdo hetviec len
dau mot thanh vien
★ Khuyen khfch cac thanh vien tap trung
vao chu de
Hay chia s£ kien there ciia ban
i'C6 Vcii thong tin httu (ch ve chu
L de nay trong ”
Sir dung "ngdn ngu’ cot the"
Khi lang nghe, hay the hien sir chu y bang each mim cudi, gat dau dong y Neu ban muon phat bieu, hay ra dau rd rang
Dira ragffiy
Hay chia se y tirdng ciia ban: "Tai sao chung ta khong ?"
''\y4i Ito (»1°)I i n't I\Vi 141-1n i J
San sang chia se y tiffing
Hay chia se vol moi ngu’di khi ban tim diro'c mot nguen tir lieu tot ho§c co quan diem khac ve mqt van de Manh dan de nghi cac thanh vien dong gop vao cac y tirong dang dtroc thao lu$n
Trang 25Ky nang nghe va noi
Giao tiep tot la mot qua trlnh hai chieu, doi hoi cd ky
nang lang nghe tot va tinh than tham gia thao luan
tich cut
Ban dang noi cung moi ngirdi, vd7‘ moi ngirdi, hay cho
moi ngirdi?
* Nhdng ngirdi dang noi cho ban nghe thi chi biet
lang nghe ban than ho ma thoi Ho khong cho doi
phucmg co hoi de len tieng
* Nhung ngirdi dang noi vdi ban rat muon ban
tham gia cau chuyen cung ho
* Nhung ngirdi noi chuyen cung ban thi can than
lang nghe ban va chii y den phan irng ciia ban
Giao tiep phi ngon tir
Chung ta boc Io ban than dang lang nghe cham chii
nhir the nao thong qua phan hoi bang Idi noi va ca
nhung thong diep phi ngon tir nhir:
Ban co phai la ngircri gidi lang nghe?
* Nhd ai do quan sat khi bpn dang lang nghe trong nhom
* Nhd ho nhpn xet nhung dau hieu giao tiep phi ngon tir ciia ban khi lang nghe moi thdnh vien trong nhom
* Cd nhan xet nao khien ban ngpc nhien khong?
Hr Cach ban the hien co giong nhir ban nghl?
* Neu khong, ban muon sira dieu gl?
Goc stay ragam Cac ky nang lang ngheTrong nhat ky ca nhan, hay tir danh gia kha nang lang nghe cua ban Ban cd:
★ hieu het nhung gi moi ngirdi noi?
★ cho ngirdi khac co hoi len tieng?
Hr de ngirdi khac noi xong mdi len tieng?
★ giao tiep phi ngon tir mot each tich cut?
Hr "thd o" khi cam thay chan ndn hoac khi khong thich ngirdi dang noi?
Ban co the thay doi hanh vi nao de khien moi ngirdi edm thay "de thd" hdn khi ho dang phat bieu?
Ban nhay cam vdi nhung each giao tiep phi ngon tir nao? Ban cam thay each giao tiep nao mang tinh cd vu, dong vien? Cach giao tiep nao gay chan ndn?
Hay no lire lang nghe de thau hieu moi ngirdi hdn Mpt so
ky thuat sau cd the hull ich:
★ Tap trung hoan toan vao ngirdi noi: dung nhin ho mpt each vo hdn, phan tarn hoac thieu kien nhan
★ Quan tarn den edm xue ciia ngirdi noi
★ Tim each co vu, khich le ho
★ Tap trung vao nhung gi ho noi - nghi den nhung y cd gia tri vdi ban
★ Lang nghe cac tir khda va ghi lai
★ NghT ra mot cau hdi de hdi khi ho da ndi xong
★ Lien ket nhung gi hp dang ndi vdi nh&ng gl ban biet
★ Dira ra mot binh lu^n tich cut
Trang 26Lemi tieog
Lam trdn bon phan
Nhung budi thcio luan trong Idp hoac trong nh6m se flat
hipu qub cao nhat khi tat c3 moi ngudi cung tham gia
De lam dupe dieu nay, moi sinh vien ph^i cd trach nhiem:
★ Tao moi trudng ndi moi ngirdi deu co co hpi dong gbp
* Manh dan va no Ipc dong gbp
Nhom thao luan cua giao sir Locke khong co
hieu qua tire th'i
suy mgam
Nam lay cor hoi phat bieu
Lieu ban co can tap trung hdn vao viec:
★ tao cho minh them cd hoi len tieng va dong gop
them trong Idp/nhdm?
★ cho ngirdi khac them cd hoi len tieng?
Phat bieu trong nhom
Neu ban sd viec phbt bieu trong nhom, nhung diem sau
day co the giup (ch
Trade khi lam viec nhom
★ Quyet djnh phbt bieu it nhat mpt Ian trong sudt budi
thbo luan nhdm du chi 1^ noi to hai tir "dong y" cung
dupe Hay phat trien dan tir nhung dieu nhd be
★ Neu co the, hay lam quen vdi cac thhnh vien trong
nhdm de cam thay thobi mai hdn
Trong khi lam viec nhom
1 Ngoi canh ngirdi ban cbm thay cd thien cbm
2 Ghi lai nhung dieu ban muon nbi va dpc to len neu thay can thiet
3 Tim mot vi du minh hpa cho quan diem ciia ban
4 Neu cam thay Io lang, hay hit thd cham rai, nhe nhang
5 Phat bieu thong thb - noi cham hon binh thirdng
6 Giao tiep bang anh mat vdi it nhat mot ngirdi trong nhdm
7 Ngan gon, sue tich Khi da noi xong quan diem cua minh, hay dang lai' Dung noi di noi lai
8 Neu dieu ban noi co ve khien moi ngirdi boi roi, hay nbi "Td se lam ro hdn" va giai thich cu the
9 Nbi to de moi ngirdi deu nghe dupe Neu phai cang tai mdi nghe dupe, ho se mat di thien cam vdi nhung gi ban dang nbi - va co the ban phai nbi lai mot Ian niTa
10 Co gang tir tin het mire cd the Dung vpi lung tung ma xin loi - hay mim cirdi!
Sau khi lam viec nhom
* Tir chuc mung cho nhung tien bo cua ban than
* Dung lam qua nhung sai lam da pham phai - co phai ngay tan the dau
* Quyet dinh xem ban se lam gi trong Ian tdi
Dan dat chlr dtrng thong tri
★ Nam ro thdi lupng ban phat bieu va phan tram thdi gian lam viec nhom ma ban da sir dung de dat cau hoi, binh luan, Neu ban dang lam dung thdi gian chung, hay nbi but di
★ Nhd rang ban khong can phai binh luan moi van de phat sinh - hay de cd hoi cho ngudi khac len tieng
★ Neu nhan thay ban luon la ngirdi dan dat, hay lui lai
vb khuyen khich ngirdi khac len tieng
Chat giong ca nhan
Nhieu ngirdi ngai vi each nbi chuyen cua bbn than, mac
du nhung ngirdi thong minh va thanh cong co du chat giong khac nhau Dirng Io lang ve chat giong cua ban, ciing dirng phan xet ngirdi khac qua chat giong cua ho Hay tap trung vao npi dung
Lam viec nhom: Hop tac hoc tap 17
Trang 27Xir ly nhu'ng thcri diem kho khan trong nhom
Nhu'ng cam xuc manh trong nhom
Se kha hull Ich neu nhom cua ban hieu dupe ly do vi sao
xuat hien cac cam xuc manh trong nhom va cung suy nghT
de tim ra each phdn Ung vdi nhu’ng cam xuc do Xem them
Chuong 9
Cam xuc nay sinh tir nhu'ng phan ting manh me
Cong ktch gay gat quan diem cua ngu’cfi khac co the gay ra
cam xuc buon birc: con ngddi thudng khang djnh ban nga
bang nhu'ng quan diem ca nhan Neu ban bac bo quan
aiem cua mot ngddi, ho co the cam thay ban dang bac bo
ban nga cua ho Nhom cua ban can dat ra mot quy tac co
ban: phan doi nhu'ng quan diem, khong phan doi ngu'di de
xuat quan diem
Cam xuc nay sinh tir nhu'ng van de cua nhom
Neu cam xuc nay sinh do nhom lam viec khong hieu qua,
hay cung ban bac de cai thien each hoat dong cua nhom
Vi du, neu co ngu'di cam thay quan diem cua minh bi phdt
Id, hay xem xet:
* Dieu gi khien ho cam thay dupe lang nghe?
* Dieu do co thde te khong?
* Dieu do co tac dong den ai khong?
* Cd the thda hiep dupe khong?
Cam xuc nay sinh tirmdi trtf&ng ben ngoai
Chung ta thudng mang theo nhu'ng str viec va cam xuc
thudng ngay vao lam viec trong nhom Hoat dong cua
nhom cd the bi gian doan neu chung ra khong nam ro
nguon con cua nhurng van de do Hay can nhac:
1 Moi Ian lam viec nhom, moi ngu'di danh 1-2 phut de
thuat lai nhu'ng gi dang dien ra trong cuqc song
2 Quyet dinh hudng xir ly nhu'ng cam xuc hoac thdi do
khong dupe chap nhan trong nhom, chdng han: "Neu
cd ngu'di cu'xu' Io mang vdi ngu’di khac, nhu'ng ngu'di
con lai trong nhom se cung can thiep."
Nu'o'c mat
Neu cd ngu'di dang buon ba vi ly do nao do, hay cho ho
vai phut yen tTnh hoac de giai bay cam xuc Dbng e ngai
nhu'ng giot nude mat - khde cd the giup giai phong nhu'ng
buon dau trong long Nhu'ng ngu'di dang dau kho cd the
can dupe d mot minh, cung cd the can dude nh? nhang
trd chuyen cung ai do Hay tir te Hoi xem hq cd can giup
dd khong
Nhu ’ ng khoang lang
Nhu'ng khoang lang thudng cd ve ddi han thdi gian thi/c te boi chung ta hiem khi trdi qua nhu'ng khoang lang
Tuy vay, do co the Id nhu'ng khodng thdi gian dang quy Ngoi tTnh tai va tran trqng moi phut giay, dac biet neu nhom dang thao lupn mpt van de hoc bua nao dd Dung cam thay cd nghTa vu phai dat cau hdi hoac dua cot de lap day nhu'ng khoang lang
Dtfcrng cung
Neu nhu'ng khoang lang the hien st/ tri trp, be tac, hay thir each khac Xem xet:
* chia nhipm vu thanh nhu'ng phan nhd hdn
* chia nhom thanh cap de cung tim hieu moi phan dudi nhu'ng gdc do khac nhau trong 15-20 phut, sau dd chia
sd ket qua vdi cd nhom
* ca nhom ciing lap bieu do va mo ta cac van de mpt each true quan sinh dong
* suy ngam cac y tudng - co y tudng nao kha thi khong?
Mat can bang trong tiromg tac nhom
Viec thao luan nhom de bi mat can bang neu:
* mot hoac hai ngddi nao do dang Ian ludt nhu'ng ngudi con Iqi
* hai ngddi chi tap trung trao doi vdi nhau
* nhu'ng ngudi It nbi hdn khong cd co hpi dupe tham gia thao luan
Trudng nhom hoac cac thanh vien trong nhom cd the tn/c tiep giai quyet sd mat can bang nay bang edeh:
* edm an nhu'ng thanh vien dang Ian ludt va bay td rang
ho cung nen lang nghe quan diem cua nhu'ng thdnh vien khac
* hdi nhu'ng ngudi dang im lang xem ho cd muon phat bieu khong
* chi ra nhu'ng dau hipu mat can bang de nhom co the cung nhau ban bac hudng gidi quyet
Mpt so ho?t dong kha quan trong - nhd cap nhat tinh hinh trong ngay hoac trong tuan cua cdc thanh vien vao dau m6i budi lam viec nhom - nhung cGng co the mat thdi gian Hay gidi han thdi Idpng trong nhu'ng trudng hop nhd vay
Trang 28Dira ra va tiep nhan y kien nhao xet hay phan bien
Mpt trong nhfrng phucrng dien khd khan nhat trong lam
vipc nhom la dua ra nhfrng Icri nhan xet hoac phdn bien
mang tfnh xay dfrng doi vdi cong vipc hope dbng g6p cua
thanh vien khac Ban co the dupe yeu cau thpc hien hanh
dpng nay mot chch chinh there hoac khong chi'nh there trong
khba hoc
"Mang ti'nh xay dirng" nghTa la gi?
Phbn bien mang ti'nh xay dirng la nhfrng leri nhan xet:
★ mang lai quan diem, tarn nhln va gpi y co Iqi cho ngubi
dupe phbn bien, khuyen khich ho di dung hubng va
dupe hp sir dung de cbi thien hieu qua cong viec hoac
dat dupe nhCTng muc tieu de ra
* khong coi thubng hoac ha thap ngerdri khac
<S©c stoy inigam
Dira ra phan bien
Ban thuan thuc den dau trong viec phan bien mang ti'nh
xay dung? Ban co the lam tot hon khong?
Tiep nhan y kien phan bien vori
thai do xay dirng
That khb khi phbi nghe nhung leri phbn bien, du do la
tich cere nher khen ngpi, hay phe binh, chi’ ra nhung
diem can cbi thien Tuy nhien, chung ta co the hoc
hbi dupe rat nhieu neu co su chuan bi de lang nghe
nhung leri nhan xet Day cung la mot yeu cau trong
nhieu khba hoc va tai ncri lam viec hien nay
1 Cbi mfr de lang nghe nhung gi moi ngubi nbi du
cbm thay khd khan San sang hoc hdi tir nhung leri
phdn bien
2 Ti'ch cue Hay coi nhu ngubi ta dang nhan xet ban
vfri tinh than xay dung va co Ipi cho bpn, ngay ca
khi ban khong cam thay nhuvay
3 Chu y lang nghe Danh thcri gian de nghT den
nhung gi mpi ngucri da nbi Tim sp thpt nam trong
moi Ibi phbn bien
4 Lang nghe noi dung chinh, thay vi tfr hdi lieu
ngufri nbi co hieu muc dich cua bpn hoac cd nam
bat day du va chinh xac mpi chi tiet hay khong
5 Bat cau hdi, hope de nghj hp dua ra mpt vi du cu
the, de Idm ro bat ky diem nho bpn chua hieu
6 The hipn su biet bn Luon cbm pn nhfrng ngucri
da phbn bien: hp da dhnh thbi gian va cong sire de
lam dieu dd
Phan bien mang tmh xay dirng
Ban co the dwa ra nhu'ng phan bien mang ti'nh xay dirng neu:
•fr Ban dupe de nghi phan bien mpt ai do
* Do la mpt yeu cau cua khba hoc
* Do la mot quy tbc ccr ban trong nhbm
* Ban co nhfrng nhan xet dang gia va nghT rang ngucri nhan sbn sang lang nghe
Cach phan bien mang tinh xay dirng
1 Tinh te: nhan xet hanh vi, hanh dong, san pham
hoac ket qua, dfrng nhan xet con ngucri
2 Chu y den hien tai: phan bien nhfrng gi dang
xay ra, dfrng nhac den qua khfr
3 Can bang: chi ra ca nhfrng diem tot va nhfrng diem can cai thien Quan trong la ngucri nhan phai biet dupe diem manh cua minh b dau de phat huy va diem yeu la gi de cai thien
4 Trung thuc: dfrng nbi nhfrng dieu ban khong
tin Khi lang nghe, hay ghi lai danh sach nhfrng diem ti'ch epe va each cai thien de co cP sb khi phan bien
5 Thien chi': bat dau nhan xet tfr nhfrng diem tich
cue Nhb do ngucri nghe co the cbi mb hun khi lang nghe nhfrng nhan xet tieu epe ve sau
6 Chon loc: chi chon mpt hoac hai diem can cai
thien co the tao nen thay doi thpc sp
7 Co ich: dua ra nhfrng gpi y co the dan den ket
qua thuc tien Gpi y hubng di tiep theo thay vi chi nhan manh vao sai lam
8 Thpc te: chi dua ra nhfrng gpi y kh£ thi
9 Ro rang: dua ra mpt vi du rd rang cho y tubng ciia ban
10 Tuf te: sir dung gipng nbi va cir chi, dieu bp khien mpi ngubi chap nhan nhfrng phan bien cua ban
Trang 29Cong bang vcri moi thanh viesi trong nhom
Neu nhom hanh xCr thieu cong bang giCra cac thanh vien, mpi
ngudi deu thua thiet Khi do, nhom khong the phat huy het tiem
nang Moi ngudi co the phai trai qua tinh trpng cang thang, bat on
ve tinh than va khong the dong gbp toan bp nang luc Ngoai ra,
dieu nay con dan den nhdng cam xiic tieu cue vd st/ tire gipn, anh
hudng den viec hoc tap cua mpi ngudi trong nhom hoac trong
khoa hoc
Tranh nhurig bat cong vo tinh
Mot so ngudi co y lam ton thuong ngudi khac, nhung phan Ion
sir bat cong va phan biet ooi xir la vo tinh, do thieu suy nghT, ngai
ngung hoac khong nhan there dupe van de Nhieu ngudi Io lang
khi biet hp da vo tinh khien ngudi khac buon buc
Khong khi co the trer nen rat cang thang
Bi doi xiY thieu cong bang
Co the bao gom:
★ khong dupe trao cd hoi dam nhiem nhurig vai tro nhat dinh
trong nhom
★ khong dupe lang nghe
★ dong gop bj phdt Id hoac khong dupe don nhan - dac bipt
neu ngay sau do cd ngudi dua ra ddng gop tuung tu va dupe
chap nhan
★ bi bo quen hoac gat ra khdi cac hoat dong
★ trai qua cam giac bi phan biet doi xd vi mau da, sac tpc, ngoai
hinh, khuyet t|t, tuoi tac hoac nhdng ly do khde
Trai nghiem cam giac bi doi xfr thieu cong bang
NghTve mpt dip ban bi doi xir thieu cong bang
vi that dp cua ngudi khac Cd the Id mpt Ian ban bi gpt ra khdi tpp the, bi bd quen, bj do Idi
vi nhurig viec ban khong he lam, bj gpi bang nhung cai ten khien bpn ton thudng hoac co
kd co lam ban be mpt
Cdm xue va that dp luc do cua ban ra sao?
Su kien khong may vui ve do cd gay ra tac dpng dai han nao vdi ban khong, nhu dnh hudng den niem tin va sU tu tin cua ban? Ban hoc dupe nhung gl tir trdi nghiem do? Bai hoc ay cd the giup fch gl cho mpi ngudi?
Hoat dong
Biet the nao la "chori dep"
-» Co hang ta each hanh xir thieu cong bang
ma cac thanh vien trong mpt nhom co the gay ra cho nhung thanh vien khac
ma khong ai biet Hay nghT den cac trai nghiem tir nhung Ian lam vipc nhom trudc day va nhung van de ban tinh cd bat gap tren mpng xa hpi, lipt ke cang nhieu tinh huong thieu cong bang cang tot
•» Ban co the dat ra cho mlnh nhung cau hdi nao de biet mpi ngudi trong nhom deu dupe tham gia hay cd nhffng ngudi dang bj phdt Id?
Khi da hoan thanh bai tpp nay, hay so sdnh nhung y tudng cua ban vdi gpi y d trang 245
• Ban cd the lam gl de gan ket mpi ngudi mpt each cong bang?
Xem them ChUdng 2, phan Nang lire
Van h6a.
Trang 30Cac nhom hoc tap
Cac h'mh thux hoc tap theo nhom/mang
lirori ho tror
Mpt so khda hpc to chdc nhdm hoac mang ludi hoc tpp
Nhom nay co the dupe dan dat bdi mot "co van hpc tap" -
mpt sinh vien khda tren Neu khong, ban co the tuthanh
lap mpt nhom, trao doi qua dipn thoai, qua mang, ho^c gap
nhau sau khi tan hpc tqi mot khu hqc tap, quan ca phe hoac
khu vdc thdo luan trong thu* vien Thue hien cac nguyen tac
da neu d nhu'ng phan trudc, giong nhu vcri cac hinh there
hoat dong nhom khac
Mot nhom ho trqr co the lam gi?
Thu" duy nhat co the gidi han pham vi hoat dong cua mot
nhom ho trp la tri terdng tupng cua ban, tuy vay, cac hoat
dong sau day therdng hu'u ich cho hau het sinh vien
Danh dau ✓ vao nhu'ng hoat dong thu hut ban Quyet dinh
thoi gian va each there to cherc cac hoat dong nay cimg
mqi ngerdi
Khich le Ian nhau
□ SSp xep gpi dien thoai, nhan tin hoac chat qua Skype
vdi moi ngerdi de khuyen khich nhau cung there hien
mot hoat dong cu the
□ Tro chuyen ve nhu'ng khb khan va moi ban tarn cua ban
- ngerdi khac co the cung co cbm xue nher ban Giup dd
nhau tim gidi phap
□ Binh luan tren blog cua nhau
□ Giup moi ngerdi nhan biet dupe minh lam tot dieu gi
Neu bpn tran trpng mpt dong gbp cu the nao do,
hay ndi cho hp biet!
Ket than
Lang nghe rat hu'u ich - dung danh gia thap gia tri cua
vipc nby
□ Gap go d quan ca phe, gpi y cd nhom cung di an, hoac
to cherc mpt su kien giao leru nher cung di du lich
□ Ket ban vdi nhau tren m^ng xa hoi Nhan tin hoac dang
cac bai dang ti'ch cere Binh luan tren tai khobn mang xa
hpi cua cac thanh vien
□ To cherc mpt nhom ho trp, phbng trb chuyen hoac dien
dan thbp lupn cho cac sinh vien cung chuyen nganh,
cung khba, cung trerdng, cung cau lac bp, ho$c cho
nhu'ng sinh vien di hpc qua tudi, vera Ibm vera hpc, ho^c
dang theo hpc nhu'ng chudng trinh d$c thu
Xem lai cac bai giang
□ Cung xem Ipi npi dung bbi gibng Moi ngerdi deu cd
quan diem rieng nen vipc chia se thong tin co the giup
bpn co dupe nhu'ng ghi chep day du hdn ve bhi gibng
Chia s£ y tiring va cac nhiem vu hpc tap
□ Chia sb y terdng ve each gibi quyet cac bai tap va cac chien lupc duong dau vdi cong vipc, hpc tap va cupc song
□ Phan chia nhiem vu hpc tap cho nhau: vi du, moi ngudi co the den mpt thu vien hoac to cherc khac nhau de tim kiem thong tin, hoac dong vai "chupt bach" de tra Idi bang hdi trong du an cua nhau
□ Chia sb tai lieu Doc cac van ban khac nhau va tong ket nhu'ng diem chinh bang Idi
□ Thao luan ytudng ve nhu'ng gi da doc
□ Giup dd nhau chuan bi tai lieu de on thi
Chi cho nhau nhu’ng ngubn tai nguyen hu'u ich
□ Chi cho nhau nhu'ng nguon tai nguyen hpc tap, Ung dung, hpi thao, dich vu, dia diem hpc tap, san pham giam gia va cac su kien dia phudng hu'u ich
Hoc hdi tir nhu'ng bai lam da du’qrc cham diem
□ Chia se cac bai luan da dupe thay co cham diem
Chu y nhu'ng diem khac biet giu'a cac bai
Cac phu'emg phap Hoc tap hanh dong
★ De mpt ngudi, gpi la "ngudi A", mo ta ve mpt van
de hpc tap dang ton tai trong 5 phut, trong khi cac thanh vien con Ipi cung lang nghe va khong ngat Idi
★ Ca nhom danh 10 phut de lam rd van de
Thao luan cac y tudng giai quyet van de, trong khi A lang nghe va khong ngat Idi
★ A cd 5 phut tap hpp cac gpi y de xac dinh phudng an hanh dong, len ke hoach thdi gian va thudng lupng vdi nhom de dupe ho trp
★ Lap Ipi qua trinh vdi moi thanh vien trong nhom Trong budi hpp tiep theo, kiem tra xem tat ca cac thanh vien da hanh dong chua, sau do dat ra nhu'ng phuong an hanh dong mdi
Xem Beaty va McGill (2001)
Trang 31Chia se cong viec nhdng khong gian ian
Nhung nhiem vu co the chia se Hay viet theo each cua ban
Nhdng nhiem vu co the chia se bao gom:
1 quyet dinh tieu de cho mot dp an cua nhom
Thong thudng, tat ca nhung bdi viet bpn npp deu nen do chinh ban viet hoac dupe trich dan nguon tham khdo Xem
giup moi ngudi hieu ro npi dung bai hpc bang each
thao lupn cac bai giang, ghi chu, van bdn, nghien cdu
tinh huong, kinh nghiem va y tudng
thao lupn cac van de xa hoi,
xu hudng, hien vat, chinh sach
cua chinh phu co lien quan
den khoa hoc
chia se nhung cong viec hanh
chinh nhu dat phong, sap
xep chuang trinh hop hoac
viet van ban xin phep tien
hanh phong van
tim kiem tai lieu; xac dinh
cac van ban hoac npi dung
cho moi ngudi cung doc
thao luan va quyet ajnh dua tren
phUOng phap luan cu the
xem nhung trang web hdu ich
thu thap, thao luan va dien giai
di? lieu
giup nhau sir dung cac gbi phan mem
khich le nhau cung di den thanh cong
Mot so cong vipc cd the chia se vdi nhau,
trong khi so khac se bi coi la gian Ian Sau day
la mot vai duung hudng Tuy nhien, neu sau ' -
do ban van thay ban khoan, hay hdi lai gidng
vien cua ban
Khi ghi am cdc cuoc thdo luan, ddng viet lai
nguyen van nhung gi ban nghe dupe bdi ban
cd the vo tinh sao chep td ngd cua ngddi khac trong bai tap cua mlnh - mot hanh vi edng bj coi la gian Ian
Khi viet tong ket cho cac bdi nhom, luon td
mlnh ghi lai cac npi dung nhu bo cue bai luan, phuong phap, thu thap dd lieu, ket qud, thao luan va ket luan Hay dung
I ghi chu cua chinh ban, ddng viet td ghi chu ciia ngddi khac
Ddng chia sb bai luan vdi cac
thanh vien trong nhom, trd phi ban dupe yeu cau lam nhuvay
Ddng sao chep td cdc thdnh vien trong nh6m Neu sir dung nhdng
npi dung sao chep dd trong bai tap cua minh, ban se bi coi la gian Ian Ngudi giri nhdng npi dung do cho ban cd le cung sddpng chimg trong bai tap va sp giong nhau nay rat
de bi nhan thay
Vo tinh gian Ian?
Giang vien thudng rat gidi phat hien nhdng phan giong
het hoac tuang tu trong bai tap cua sinh vien Luon cd
sdn nhdng phan mem giup hp xac dinh nhdng npi dung
sao chep tren mang hoac sao chep td cac sinh vien khac
Neu phat hien str giong nhau d cac bai lam, cd the hp se
aieu tra hanh vi ma hp cho la gian Ian, dong nghTa vdi
viec ban cd the bi duoi hpc hoac hpc lai mon do, Gian Ian
dupe coi la mot vi pham nghiem trpng trong hpc tap
Ddng chia sd nhdng bai chua dupe cham diem Hay
chd den khi gidng vien cham diem va tra bdi tap lai cho moi ngudi trong nhom Neu cd ngudi chdp bai cua ban roi dem npp, ban co the cung phdi chju trach nhiem cung hp
Tdviet phan tai lieu tham khdo Tai lieu tham khdo la
phan de mdc loi va gidng vien thudng rat gidi phat hien cac loi sao chdp
Trang 32Giao tiep trong nhom
Dam phan trong nhom
Giao tiep tot la chia kh6a de lam viec nhom thanh cong
Doi vdi mpt so cong vi?c nhom, ban se can dam phan
nhu'ng yeu to sau
Tiep can: Moi thanh vien trong nhom se mat bao lau de di
chuyen den dja diem hop true tiep? Nhu'ng hinh thirc trao
doi thong tin ma mpi thanh vien deu co the tiep can?
Moi ngcrcri co ket noi mang P nha hay khong?
Cdc kien there va ky nang nhom: Co thanh vien nao can
dupe khich I? them de phat bieu khong? Moi ngudi da biet
each sir dung nhu'ng Png dung can thiet chua? Moi nguPi
co dung Dropbox hay Google Docs khong? Ban co the chia
se nhu'ng ky nang do trong nhom khong?
Chia sd moi quan tarn va hieu biet: Cac thanh vien co
cung quan diem ve viec gap mat hay sir dung mang xa hoi
khong? Hay quyen rieng tu, each sir dung tin nhan hoac
Skype, hoac toe dp phan hoi tin nhdn?
Bail ra ngirdri quan ly nhom
Trang 14 da de cap den nhu'ng vai tro dac trung trong cac
nhom lam viec trpe tiep Doi vdi nhu'ng nhom thao luan
online, se kha hull ich neu mot thanh vien dung ra dam
nhiem vai tro "quan I/' nham tao dieu kien cho cac tUPng
tac nhu:
To chut nhom
★ To chirc phong tro chuyen hoac dien dan thao luan
★ Thong bao vdi cac thanh vien
★ Mdi ca nhom dat ra cac quy tac cd ban va quyet dinh
nhu'ng hanh dong xir ly neu vi pham quy tac
Hinh thanh cac cuoc thdo luan
★ Kfch thi'ch tranh lupn bang each dua ra nhu'ng cau hoi
quan trpng, binh luan ho$c nhu'ng leri khuyen hull ich
★ Tom tat phan thPo luan da hoan tat
★ Ph5n hoi cac binh luan
★ Ket noi dong gop ciia cac thanh vien
★ Khuyen khich cac chii de th£o luan mdi
Duy tri hogt dong cua nhom
★ Luu trCT cac tai lipu khong sir dpng den
★ Phan cong nhipm vy cho cac thPnh vien trong nhom
★ Kiem tra tlnh hinh tuan thii cac quy tac co b^n
Thiet lap cac quy tac co' ban
Vdi moi loai hinh tuong tac nhom, cac quy tac giao tiep nhom co bPn deu can dupe oat ra va se dupe thuong lupng lai sau khi nhom hinh thanh Nhom can tu lam
rd xem dau la cac quy tac cP bPn
Q 1 Nhom luon tap trung vao muc dich cot loi va/
hoac vao chii de cua budi thao luan
Q 2 Sir dung thdi gian hop nhom de sap xep cac
cupc hop ben ngoai hoac de thdo luan ve cac chii de khac
□ 3 Dang nhap hoac cd mpt dung gid
□ 4 Co mat tham du, ke ca sau do rdi di hoac
dang xuat sdm
□ 5 Dong gop cong bang trong cac hoat dong va
budi thao luan
I | 6 "Vo hinh" (doc tin nhan nhung khong cP dong
gop gi)
□ 7 Nhu'ng cupc tro chuyen nhd va giao luu
□ 8 Dua ra nhu'ng nhan xet ca nhan
□ 9 The hien su ton trong trudc dong gop cua
moi ngudi
O 10 Nhu'ng hanh vi khong dupe chap nhan nhu
noi gian, coi thudng, cham choc, ad them dau vao lira va bat nat tren mang
□ 11 Kiem soat nhu'ng y kien bat dong
CJ 12 Chinh td, ngCT phap vd each sir dung “khau
ngu" khi chat
□ 13 Cac bp quy tac khac ve hanh xir tren mang
va nguyen tac bao mat (vi du: bao ve danh tinh online ciia moi ngudi, thong nhat xem
ai dupe quyen truy cap nhung thong tin va tai lieu dir an ciia nhom, sir dung phan mem diet virus khi chia se du" lieu)
O 14 Khac:
Xem them Chircrng 2
Trang 33Dong gop cua toi cho cac hoi thao va nhom tot den mux nao?
Hoi th&o:
Dorn vi/hoc phan:
Muc tieu cua danh gid nay
* Giup cac hqi thao va nhom lam viechieuqui horn vl
Ipi ich cua bin than va mpi ngirdi
* Dam bao moi ngu'di deu cam thay minh dirpc tham
gia lam nhom va an tarn khi dong gop
* Dam bao ca nhom cung nghien ciru dirpc het nhiTng
tu" lieu can thiet
Tu
* danh gia: Dong gop cua toi cho cac hoi thao va nhom tot den mii’c nao?
Cho diem: Sur dung thong diem tir 1-4 (1 = can cai thien nhieu 4 = xuat sac)
; 2 Toi khich le ngirdi noi (chang han, bing ngon
' 3 Toi the hien sir quan tarn vdi nhumg gl dang
; 4 Toi toan tarn toan y tham gia lam nhom va
r —
-; 5 Toi phat bieu vdi thdi lirpng tirorg dircng voi
cac thanh vien khic (khong qui Ian lifcrt cung
khong qui im lang)
12 3 4I - -
6 Toi dat it nhat mot cau hoi
I 7 Moi cau hoi va nhan xet cua toi deu lien quan
I 8 Tc-i-arg nghe va xem xet nhtJr.g ran de mo!
9 Toi khich le moi ngi/cfi trong nhom 12 3 4
_ -
-10 Toi hoan toan tap trung chu y (khong nhin
11 Moi ddnggbp cua toi deu la dong gop chung
cho ci nhom (chit khong chi cho nhurng ngt/c/i
ngoi gan toi)
Trang 34.< ’ > ?• _
_
Cac dur 6n sinh vien
Ban co the dupe yeu cau there hipn nhi/ng lopi di/ an
khac nhau trong suot kh6a hoc Cdc di/ an nay co quy
mo da dang nhtrng nhin chung, ban can:
* nghien ciru mpt chii de ma ban co the chon de tai
va tieu de
* quyet djnh phirong phap loan cho nghien ciru
ciia ban
* thu thap va doi chieu thong tin, dCZ lipu
* chia sb nhi/ng phat hien cua ban vdi mpi ngirdi
trong nhom
* bao cao theo nhom, chang han thong qua mot
budi thuyet trinh trong Icrp, mpt budi hoi thdo
hoac qua bao cao nhom, wiki, blog hay poster
* ghi lai chi tiet dir an theo ca nhan hoac
theo nhom
Quan ly dir an cua ban
Cdch qu^n ly dp" an hieu qua dira tren nhi/ng ky nang derpe
trinh bay xuyen suot trong cuon sach nay, dac biet la:
★ nhurig ky nang lam viec nhom dupe trinh bay trong
chuong nay va Chtrang 2 va
★ nhi/ng ky nang nghien ciru dir an trong Chirong 9
Danh sdeh "Viec can lam” cua dtran nhom
1 Giao tiep, cong cu va phiromg phdp tiep can: Quyet
djnh phirong thirc giao tiep cua nhom (trang 23) Quyet
djnh lieu co sir dpng mot wiki, blog, khong gian chung,
mang xa hoi, irng dung, hay khong
2 Tom tat dir 6n: Bpn ph^i the hien dieu gi? Dieu nay chi
lien quan den npi dung mon hoc hay ban con dupe yeu
cau cho thay si/ hieu qui trong hopt dpng nhom?
3 Phan chia: Quyet djnh pham vi cac vai tro can thiet, each
phan cong va ngudi se d£m nhipm moi vai tro (trong bao
lau, neu can) Xem trang 14 va 26
4 Sap xep thdri gian bieu: Len danh sdeh chi tiet tat ca
nhi/ng viec can lam Lap ke hopch chi tiet nhi/ng vipc se
dupe hodn thanh, khi n£o v£ do ai (trang 26)
5 Bdo Ccio: Lam rd each there bao cao cua dt/ an nh6m Danh thui gian de viet bao cao tong ket va/ hoac chuan bi cho budi thuyet trinh nhom
Sir dung wiki nhom
Wiki la trang web chera nhung thong tin ma moi ngirdi
co the chinh sira Ban co the chinh sira y tudng ciia ngirbi khac theo y minh va ho cung co the lam tirang tir Sir dung wiki co the phat then nhi/ng ky nang lam vide nhom hull ich nhu nghien ci/u, dam phan va dong sang tac
Cd the nhom cua ban muon tao ra mot wiki:
* de tap hop thong tin ve chu de
* lam nguon tai lieu cho cac sinh vien cung hoc
* cung co kien thirc ciia mot chii de gay khb khan cho cac thanh vien
* xay dung kien there va cac npi dung phe binh cho nhi/ng van ban hoac ly thuyet khb
* cung nhau xay dirng bao cao nhom
* cong bo ket qua ciia dir an hoac trao doi ket qua vdi cac thanh vien khac trong nhom
Thong tin them xin xem tai:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
Sir dung blog nhom
Blog la mpt nhpt ky tren web hoac ban ghi dien tir dirpc mpt ca nhan hoac mpt nhom viet ra va ngudi khac co the doc no tren mang Ban co the sir dung blog de:
★ duy tri nhpt ky nghien ciru, ghi lai nhi/ng nghien ciru va phat hien trong qua trinh nhom lam viec
★ cap nhat tien dp thirc hien nhiem vu tcri moi thanh vien
★ ho trp Ian nhau, chia se kinh nghiem vdi cac th^nh vien khac trong nhom, dac bipt la khi phan tom tat bdi tap khuyen kht'ch tu phan tich qua trinh lam dp an
★ trao doi di/ an vdi nhung ngirdi ngoai nhom
Trang 35Quan ly du *an oh6m: Ghi chep
va chia se thong tin
Thong nhat va ghi lai nhi?ng quyet
dinh cua nhom
* Sir dung mot phirong phap co he thong de dira ra
cac quyet dinh cho moi phucrng dien trong cong vi?c
chung cua nhom
* Ghi chep can than: tao ghi chep nhud trang nay,
hoac dieu chinh theo y cua bqn
* Chia se ghi chep qua cac phirong there dien tir trong
nhom de moi nguoi cd the tiep can ciing mot nguon
thong tin
1 Giao tiep
Danh dau ✓ nhung phirong th ire giao tiep phu hop nhat
vdi nhom Trude khi there hien phan nay, kiem tra xem co
ai bi khuyet tat hoac gap trd ngai nao do ma khong the
tan dung toi eru cac phirong there giao tiep sau khong
2 Nhung quy tac va quy trinh cor ban
Thao luan nhung npi dung sau Danh dau nhung noi
dung da hoan thanh
□ Dat ra nhung quy tac co ban (xem trang 23)
□ Cach phan chia vai trd dir kien
□ Ky vong cho m6i vai trd
LJ Bat ky moi ban tarn nao cua cac thanh vien trong viec
cung there hien dir an va hudng gi^i quyet nhung ban
tarn nay
□ Cac quyet dinh ve each giao tiep; tan suat dang nhap/
gap mat cua cac thanh vien
tj Lieu cac thanh vien co muon ch! dinh mpt ngudi nam
vai trd qu£n ly viec giao tiep trong nhom hay khong
3 Tom tat dir an
Kiem tra can than phan tom tat dp an Thao luan nhung npi dung sau Danh dau v vao nhung npi dung da dirqc thong nhat y kien
□ Nhipm vu can thuc hien cua nhom la gi?
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Trang 36Thuyet trinh va claim thuyet
Muc dich cua cac bai thuyet trinh la gl?
Sinh vien thudng dupe yeu cau thpc hien cdc bai thuyet
trinh, ca nhan hoac theo nhdm, de:
* tao tieu diem th£o luan cho Idp
* giup cac nhdm kham pha chi tiet nhurng phucrng dien
khac nhau cua mot de tai hoac mot tu lieu hoc tap
* chia s£ ket qud there hien cac du an nhom*
* there hanh noi trudc dam dong - ky nang huru ich cho
cac ky thi van dap, phdng van xin viec, thuyet trinh d
noi lam viec hoac trong cuoc song noi chung
Cac bai thuyet trinh dircrc danh gia nhir
the nao?
Hay hoi giPng vien cac tieu chi danh gia bai thuyet trinh
nhom Ser dung chung de giup ban len khung cho bai
thuyet trinh cung nher danh gia chat lupng trercrc va sau
khi thuyet trinh Xem trang 28
Stoy imgam
Nhu'ng bai thuyet trinh xuat sac
Sau khi ngoi dudi hPng ghe khan gia de theo doi mot
bai dien thuyet hoac thuyet trinh, hay ghi l$i quan sat
cua ban ve nhu'ng diem dupe va chera dupe Ser dung ghi
chep do de lap danh sach nhu'ng viec nen lam/khong
nen IPm trong cac bai thuyet trinh cua chinh ban Ban co
the dua vao nhu'ng muc dupe liet ke ben canh de quan
sat cdc bai dien thuyet va xay di/ng danh sach cua minh
Jim biet rang bPI thuyet trinh nPy 6m dom qua nhieu
chi tiet
Dieu gl tao nen mot bai thuyet trinh
tuyet volNoi dung phu hpp Nen tdng kien there cua bai noi co lien
quan, chinh xac va phu hop vdi trinh do cua khoa hoc va khan gid
Hu'ofng di Bai noi dan dat khan gia den veri mot trong tarn
cu the, nhir hieu dupe nhu'ng nguyen nhan nam sau cac luan diem, ket luan hoac de xuat cua ban
Ro rang Khan gia co the de dang theo doi cac lap luan
vi bai thuyet trinh dupe to cherc va the hien vdi cau true mach lac, lap luan logic, cac luan diem chinh dupe trinh bay noi bat
Thuyet phuc Dua ra mot trudng hpp dien hinh va co tinh thuyet phuc
Cac diem gay chu y Co the la mot van de thdi su, mot
cuoc tranh luan hap dan, du1 lieu mdi, tai lieu true quan, cac vi du hieu qua de minh hoa noi dung
Nhip do phu hpp Toe do duy tri dupe su tap trung cua
khan gia, khong qua nhanh cung khong qua cham NguPi noi khong co "luut nhanh" de tom gon nhieu noi dung hern thdi gian cho phep
Chon Ipc Nhu'ng diem can lupc b6 cd the quan trong khong kem nhu'ng diem dupe trinh bay, de bai noi dupe ro rang, mach lac va cd nhip do phu hpp
Da nghien cult trirdrc Nghien clTu trudc do cua ban se la bang chung khi dien thuyet va cung la ccf sd de ban tra IPi nhu'ng cau hoi hpp ly tu* phia khan gia: ban can hieu ro noi dung minh trinh bay
Thu vi Bat muc tieu khien khan gia hung thu vdi noi dung cung nhu phong each thuyet trinh Se hull ich neu ban tu tin va hao hung vdi nhu'ng gi minh noi (hoac the hien la minh nhu vay) Mot chut hai hudc cung rat cd ich (nhung khong quan trong den mire bat buoc phai cd)
Hieu ro ngtreri nghe Dieu nay can dupe the hien ro rang trong each xay dung, chuan bi va thuc hien bai thuyet trinh (Trang 29)
Trinh dp ky thuat Tu lieu va slide thuyet trinh dupe chuan bi san sang Ban cd kha nang sir dung cong nghe thanh thao
Chuan bi va luyen tap NguPi thuyet trinh danh thdi gian suy nghT chinh xac each bdn than se dien thuyet va luyen tap cho den khi ho tutin rang moi viec se dien ra thuan Ipi trong khung thdi gian cho phep
Trang 37Chuan bi bai thuyet trinh
Chuan bi tot tao ra kh^c biqt Sir chuan bi giup bqn
suy nghT ro rang va neu hieu ro noi dung va luyen tap
day du, ban se cang ty tin hen
Quyet dinh noi dung
Quyet dinh de tdi va luan diem cua ban De suy
nghT rd rang va tqo ra tieu diem, hay tom tat de tai va
luan diem trong mot cau Neu khong the, hay ngdng
lai va suy nghT can than de tranh thuyet trlnh mqt
each mo ho
Nghien ctfu can than de tai Hieu ro chii de hern
nhtfng gi ban co the trlnh bay - ban se cam thay ty tin
hern trong qua trinh dien thuyet va tra leri cau hoi
Ti'nh lien quan Dam bao moi noi dung deu phu hyp
veri phan tom tat, khoa hoc, khan gia, tieu de va luan
diem cua ban
Chon loc can than Chon loc nhdng noi dung an kherp
veri cau true cua bai thuyet trlnh, nhir nhtfng du' lieu
chu chot, cac diem cot loi, hlnh anh va video ngdn
Giam la tang Cat giam noi dung Neu nghien cdu
tot, ban se thu dircrc nhieu tir lieu hern can thiet
Hay nher rang, thong thirdng ban se mat nhieu thcri
gian de noi hem la doc Ngoai ra ban cung can noi
cham hern khi thuyet trlnh de khan gia co the "tieu
hoa" dircrc thong tin
Chuan bi noi dung
★ Chia noi dung thanh nhtfng phan chu doo ma ban
chac chan muon thyc hien, cong them mot chut
noi dung bo sung ma ban co the sir dung neu con
thcri gian
★ To chu'c noi dung logic de khan gia cd the theo
doi trinh ty lap luan cua ban
★ Ket thuc Chuan bi mot cai ket that chat che,
tom lucre luan diem hoac nhtfng khuyen nghi
cua ban
★ Gitfi thieu, Chuan bi phan gicri thieu, bao gom
phan tong quan so loqc
★ Chuan bi "moi nhd": Can nh^c chuan bi them
mot tuyen bo ngan gon, hinh £nh, cau tn'ch dan
de thu hut khan gia ngay tir luc bat dau
Ky thuqt sfr dung the
Chuan bi cac the nqi dung de dung khi thuyet trlnh co the nang cao sy ty tin Ben cqnh do, nhdng tarn thd se giup ban co nhdng quang nghl ty nhien khi chuyen td phan nay sang phan khac, tao nhip dp cho bdi thuyet trlnh Nhdvqy, bqn va khan gia se co them kho^ng nghl
* Chia nhd b£i dien thuyet thdnh nhieu phan Dpt tieu
de cho moi phan
■A Viet tieu de kern vai td goi y de doc vao moi tarn the
* Danh so cac tarn the theo thd ty ban muon gicri thieu (phong khi ban lam rcri!)
Cac slide thuyet trinh
Neu sd dung PowerPoint, Prezi, hope cac phan mem tircrng ty:
1 Moi slide chi viet vai dong npi dung (1 -7 ddng)
2 Cd chu", hinh anh va du lieu phdi du Idn va de doc cho ca nhung khan gia d cuoi khan phong
*
3 Sir dqng nhung hinh anh co lien quan va gay hdng thii
4 Chuyen sang slide mdi theo cung mot hirerng
5 Chi sir dung nhung video ngan (1 -2 phut)
6 Gicri han thcri gian trlnh bay moi slide, so lircrng slide khong quan trong bang thcri lirong Ddng them nqi dung thda
7 Tranh sir dung hinh anh dong va hieu dng trd khi can thiet
8 Tranh chieu laser len man hinh
Thuyet trinh bang poster
1 Thiet ke cac poster khd lern, bat mat va day dii thong tin: sir dung hinh anh, mau sac va bo cue gay an tircrng manh
2 Ddng cau th3 veri noi dung hoc thuat
3 Sd dung 4-10 khoi van b^n ddcri moi tieu de dircrc danh so
4 Sd dung cau true don gi^n, ro rang, trlnh ty thong tin hop ly Dung dau mui ten neu can thiet
5 Tieu de va cac dau muc phai noi bat
6 Tranh nhoi nhet thong tin - hay de chut kho^ng trong
7 Dieu chlnh poster cho phu hop veri doi tcrqng khan gi3, ddc bipt la khi nham tdi cong chiing hoac tr£ em
8 Chuan bj mpt cai ket chuan chlnh Sd dqng PowerPoint hope phan mem phu hyp, trdtrirdng hyp can trinh bay theo kieu blnh dan
Trang 38Hieu ro ve khan gia
Hieu khan gia cua ban
Nam ro cbc doi tiring khan gib cua ban (sinh vien,
gibng vien, trd em, quan chung) Tim each giup
khan gib hieu va duy tri himg thu vdi bai thuyet
trinh Dieu chlnh noi dung sao cho moi ngirdi deu
hieu dirpe va co the theo kip chc luan diem
Chuan bi cho khan gia
Ngirdi ta nghe thuyet trinh khac vdi luc nghe
hoi thoai thong thirdng, dac biet khi hp phai
ngoi yen trong thPi gian dai Ban co the nhan ra
dieu nay qua cac bai gibng hope hoi thao Khi
chuan bi bai thuyet trinh hoac dien thuyet, se
rat cP ich neu ban xem xet nhu'ng yeu to sau
1 Do khan gia co luc tap trung, cP luc ler denh,
nen ho de bP Id nhu'ng diem quan trong
trong bai thuyet trinh cua ban Hay nhac lai
nhu'ng thong diep chinh hoac nhu'ng diem
chu dao, dung tu khac di mot chut
2 Khan gib thirdng chi co the tap trung trong
khoang thdi gian ngan Hay chia nho bai nbi
thanh nhieu phan va cd khoang ddng ngan
dope ti'nh toan trirdc giCra moi phan
3 Tap trung vao nhu'ng diem chu dao Tranh
chi tiet khong can thiet Dung di chech khdi
Ip trinh da dinh - ban cd the khien khan gia
boi roi va lang phi thdi gian
4 Khan gid cd the gap nhieu kho khan, khi
nghe hdn khi nhin, vdi viec theo doi mot
luan diem phut tap hoac mot chuoi luan
diem Slide, poster, bieu do, sPdb hoac
mot bbn nbi dung dupe in ra cd the giup ich
trong trirdng hop nay
5 Khan gia thirdng thich nhu'ng "cau chuyen"
Sir dung mot bo cue mach lac cung nhu'ng
vi du, hinh anh va doi tirpng nghien ciru cd
lien quan de thu hut sp chu y cua ho
6 Neu ban thieu thdi gian, dimg co day
nhanh nhjp dp de trinh bay them hope lircrt
that nhanh de chieu cho bang het cac slide
Myc dich cua ban Id thuyet trinh Ibi cuon
vb cung cap thong tin, khong phai "thuyet
trinh moi thu" Hay dieu chinh bai dien
thuyet cho phu hpp vdi then gian cd san tir
khi tap thuyet trinh
Cac hoi thao va khan gia trong I6rp
Khan gia thirdng gap nhat khi ban Id sinh vien chinh Id nhu'ng sinh vien khac trong cac buoi thao luan chuyen
de hoac cac nhom trong Idp Hay nhd rdng, khi noi trong nhirng boi canh nhpvay, ban da cd "khan gia" roi Noi va dong gbp tren Idp mang den co hoi:
* noi trirdc nhu'ng doi tirpng khan gia khac nhau
* tham gia dong gop theo each chinh there va khong chinh there
* sir dung phan hoi tir nhu'ng ngirdi da quan sat hoat dong cua ban trong vai tuan vai thang, hoac vai nam
* quan sat qua trinh thay doi cua nhom, de ban cd the hieu dirpe each moi ngirdi tirpng tac vdi khan gia,tir do ap dung cho nhu'ng dong gop cua chinh minh trong nhom
Goc suy ngam
Dien thuyet trirdc khan giaTbi se van dyng hieu biet cua minh ve khan gid bang each nao khi:
★ Thpc hien mot bai thuyet trinh hope mot bai nbi trang trong?
* Dong gbp thong thirdng trong Idp?
Tbi co the sir dyng nhu'ng ky thuat nao dirpe gpi y trong chirong nay de cung co nhu'ng dong gbp ca nhan trong cac budi hoc?
Neu bpn chda lam, hay hoan thhnh cac phan td danh gia o trang 24 va 33
Trang 39Luyen tap va danh gia bai thuyet trinh cua ban
Luyen tap! Luyen tap! Luyen tap!
Hay t|p noi nhieu Ian: chu y chinh sira nhu'ng diem co ve
chua on
Tinh toan theft gian de noi dupe vdi toe do hop ly, b'inh
tinh Neu bai noi qua dai, hay tholi mai thu gon Ipi cho
den khi ban tir tin ring minh co the chuyen tai toan bp
noi dung trong thcri gian cho phep
Dung cho rang moi chuyen se tu dau vao do luc thuyet
trinh Hay chu dong khien cong viec horn do dien ra
thuan Iqi hon bang each kiem soat qua trinh tir dau den
cuoi Can han che nhu’ng bat ngd khong mong muon
Thuyet trinh theo nhom
Cac bai thuyet trinh nhom can suphoi hop nhip nhang
cua tat ca moi ngudi Tat ca cung luyen tap (ke ca phan
len xuong san khau) cho den khi ca qua trinh dupe van
hanh tron tru va cac ban trong nhu mot nhom hoan hao
The hien diem manh cua moi ca nhan Luyen tap de
xac dinh ngudi phu hop nhat vdi moi phan cua bai thuyet
trinh Co ngudi gidi phan mb dau vdi chat giong truyen
cam va thu hut khan gia, ngudi khac lai gidi trinh bay du"
lieu va tra leri cau hoi
Phan chia nhiem vu Quyet dinh chinh xac ai se thuyet
trinh phan nao, trong bao lau va theo thu- tu nao
Dur phdng bat trac Len sin ke hoach hanh dong neu cd
ngudi quen mat nhurig thong tin quan trong hoac thieu
thcri gian Nhurig thanh vien khac cd the can phai dieu
chinh phan thuyet trinh cua minh mot each tinh te de xd
ly van de nay Luyen tap each giai quyet van de tiem an
va nhurig cau hdi hoc bua de cd the xoay xb thanh cong
khi chung nay sinh
Can than lang nghe khi luyen tap: biet ro moi ngirdi
se dam nhan phan nao khi thuyet trinh Nhd do, ban cd
the xoay xd neu cd thanh vien vang mat va tranh lap lai
noi dung Se kha bat Ipi neu cac thanh vien khong nam
dope hoac dam nhipm thay dope npi dung thuyet trinh
cua nhau
Luyen tap each chuyen tiep tir phan cua ngirdi nay
sang phan cua ngirdi kia Thong nhat cac dau hipu
Luyen tap phan mdr dau va ket thuc cua bai noi: giup
bai thuyet trinh cua ban an tirpng hdn
Di£n tap trirorc gifrG
Nhd hai hope ba ngirdi ban cung khda hpc quan sit phan thuyet trinh cua bpn khi bpn da san sing dien t|p trudc cac khan gia "gia" Hp khong nhat thiet phai la nhurig chuyen gia trong nganh Hay xac djnh trudc h'mh there phln hoi hull ich vdi ban nhat vl nhd hp phln hdi mpt each trung thpe Thue hien bli thuyet trinh dung ke hoach vao ngay thuyet trinh chinh thurc
Cac cau hdi sau day cd the giup ban thu dirpe nhu'ng phln hoi hull ich tir phia cac khan gid “gia" Ngoai ra, ban cd the sir dung them mpt so hoac toan bp cac cau hdi trong danh muc chi tiet hon dupe cung cap d trang 31 de tu danh gia xem lieu bai thuyet trinh da san sang chua
Danh gia cua khan gia "gia":
nhu'ng cau hdi quan trong
1 Phan nao tot nhat? Hp thich, thay hirng thu hoac thu hut vdi phan nao? (Giur lai nhu'ng phan nay.)
2 Thong diep chinh cd ro rang khong? (Kiem tra xem hp co nhan ra thong diep chinh khong
Neu khong, lam ro thong diep chinh se la uu tien cua ban trong Ian thuyet trinh chinh th ire.)
3 Cd phan nao khien hp dm thay boi roi, khb theo doi hoac khb hieu khong? Ban co the lam gi de giup hp hieu npi dung han?
4 Co dieu gi khien hp buc bpi hoac khb chju khong?
5 Toe dp trinh bay npi dung cd phu hpp khong?
6 Phong each thuyet trinh cd diem nao di thien dupe hdn nCTa khong (vi du nhu each chao khan gid)? Phan ket cua bai thuyet trinh cd gay hut hang hay thai qul khong?
7 Co slide hoac npi dung nao co the di thien them khong?
Doi vari thuyet trinh nhom
8 Bai dien thuyet co dupe phoi hpp nhjp nhang khong?
9 Moi Ian chuyen tiep tir ngudi nly sang ngUdi kia
cd trdn tru khong?
10 Clc ban cd phli la mpt nhbm hieu qul khong?
Trang 40Danh gia mere do san sang coa bai thuyet trinh
Thieii sot if dau?
Co the c£i thien nher the nao?
Noi dung phu hop Co scr kien there dung trpng
tarn, chfnh xac, dung cap dp
—
1 2 3 4 5
Hero'ng di Cau true bai thuyet trinh dan dat
khan gia theo Io trinh ma chung ta mong muon 1 2 3 4 5
Str ro rang Thong diep muon truyen tai ro
rang Nhung diem quan trong dune trinh bay
noi bat theo trinh ter hop ly
1 2 3 4 5
Tfnh thuyet phuc Bai thuyet trinh ho trpdac
lire cho cac luan diem va khuyen nghi no neu ra 1 2 3 4 5
Nhfj'ng diem thu hut Chira mpt van de thcri sir
va/hoac nhung du" lieu, hinh anh, vi du thu vi 1 2 3 4 5
Nhip dp phu hp'p Thuyet trinh vdi toe dp hop
ly, khong nhanh khong cham, duy tri sir chu y
cua khan gia
1 2 3 4 5
Da nghien ceru Bai thuyet trinh da dirpe dau
tir nghien ecru ky cang, co the tra leri nhung cau
hdi thirdng gap nhat
1 2 3 4 5
Thu vi Co nhung yeu to khien ca ngircri noi Ian
Nhan there vie khan gia Bai thuyet trinh dirpe
cau true phu hop vdi nhu cau cua khan gia 1 2 3 4 5
Trinh do ky thuat Trang thiet bi va cac slide
dune chuan bi san sang, cac yeu to cong nghe
van h^nh trom tru
1 2 3 5
1
Chuan bi va there hanh Bai thuyet trinh da
dirpe there hanh va dien tap cho den khi chac
chan se thanh cong trong ngay thuyet trinh