From theoretical and practical issues, the PhD Student has chosen the topic “Management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City in the urbanization process” as
Trang 1MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE
********
NGUYEN THI MY LINH
MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL - CULTURAL RELICS IN DONG ANH DISTRICT, HANOI CITY
IN THE URBANIZATION PROCESS
Major: Cultural Management
Code: 9229042
DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY
ON CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
HANOI, 2024
Trang 2The dissertation was completed at:
HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE
MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM
Scientific Supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Quoc Hung
Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Sy Toan
Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Bui Hoai Son
Committee on Culture and Education of the National Assembly of Vietnam
Reviewer 2: Dr Nguyen Minh Khang
Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism
Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Lan Oanh
Vietnam National Institute of Culture and Arts
The dissertation will be defended at University level Doctoral Dissertation Assessment Committee at Ha Noi University of Culture
418 La Thanh street, Dong Da, Ha Noi
On:… , day… month … , 2024
The dissertation can be found at:
- The National Library of Viet Nam
- Library of Ha Noi University of Culture
Trang 3INTRODUCTION
1 Rationale
Dong Anh is Hanoi Capital's suburban district that is under the urbanization process and will become one of the key spaces playing a role in connecting the traffic of the Capital's central area with the international aviation gateway spaces, connecting the urban areas on both sides of the Red River According to the construction planning of the Capital until 2030, with a vision
to 2050, Dong Anh is a green, modern, model urban area in the north of the Red River, a major financial and cultural center of Hanoi and the whole country With 413 historical - cultural relics, of which 142 relics are ranked as having typical values in art, architecture, history and culture, creating typical cultural values which are important endogenous resources for Dong Anh to implement the socio-economic development strategies aiming at sustainable development During the urbanization process, the management of historical - cultural relics
is under impact by the urbanization in both positive and negative aspects The coordination among stakeholders in protecting, exploiting and promoting the values of historical - cultural relics for the purpose of sustainable development
in the District has arisen problems and shortcomings, creating new pressures in the management of historical - cultural relics From theoretical and practical
issues, the PhD Student has chosen the topic “Management of historical -
cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City in the urbanization process” as
the topic of the doctoral thesis in Cultural Management to comprehensively study the management of the historical - cultural relics in the context of urbanization approached from stakeholders; study the positive and negative impacts of the urbanization process on the management of historical - cultural relics; propose solutions to strengthen the coordination among stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of the management of historical - cultural relics in the urbanization process for the sustainable development goals
2 Research purpose and tasks
2.1 Research purpose
The thesis applies the stakeholder theory, perspective on sustainable development and appropriate research methods to analyze the current situation
of coordination among stakeholders in the historical - cultural relic management
in the urbanization process in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City, and proposes appropriate solutions to improve the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the historical -cultural relic management to meet the sustainable development goals in the urbanization process
2.2 Research tasks
- Giving an overview of documents and research works related to the thesis topic, summarizing and evaluating documents that may be inherited and
Trang 4contents that require further research
- Studying theoretical basis, theories and applied perspectives
- Surveying and analyzing the positive and negative impacts of urbanization on historical - cultural relics and the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District
- Surveying and analyzing the current situation of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi in the urbanization process
- Developing criteria and evaluating the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in the urbanization process to achieve the sustainable development goals
- Proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District during the urbanization process
3 Subject and scope of research
3.1 Research subject
Coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City
3.2 Scope of research
- Research space scope: The PhD Student selects 3 research areas including:
Vinh Ngoc Commune (representing the communes in the West of the District that are under strong impact of the urbanization process); Uy No Commune (representing the communes in the middle axis of the District that are partly affected
by the urbanization); Thuy Lam Commune (representing the communes in the East
of the District that are less affected by the urbanization)
- Time scope: Since 2013 up to present (The period marking Dong Anh's
official implementation of urbanization process))
- Content scope: The thesis uses the stakeholder theory and the perspective
on sustainable development to analyze and evaluate the coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District, which is most clearly affected by the urbanization process Stakeholders are identified to include: The State, the community and enterprises The thesis does not mention the Co Loa Historical, Architectural and Archaeological Relic Site because this is a special national relic complex under the Thang Long - Hanoi Heritage Conservation Centre, directly managed by Hanoi People's Committee
4 Research questions and hypotheses
4.1 Research questions
- How does urbanization affect historical - cultural relics and the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District? What are the positive and negative impacts?
- How do stakeholders involved in coordination and how is the current status
Trang 5of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City under the impact of urbanization?
- What solutions are given to improve the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District under the impact of urbanization to meet the sustainable development goals?
4.2 Scientific hypotheses
Urbanization positively and negatively affects historical - cultural relics and the management of historical - cultural relics, giving rise to new problems that require coordination to solve, effectively perform tasks according to the functions and responsibilities of each stakeholder to achieve the set goals If the stakeholders do not coordinate in the management of historical - cultural relics,
it will affect the management efficiency and the problems arising from the impact of urbanization will not be solved If solutions are proposed to enhance the close coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics, it will contribute to improving the effectiveness of historical - cultural relic management, meeting the sustainable development goals in the urbanization process
5 Research methods
- Case study: Clarifying the viewpoints on the coordination of stakeholders
in the management of historical - cultural relics, as the basis for analyzing and evaluating the current situation of coordination among stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of coordination in the management of historical - cultural relics
- Document and material study: clarifying the basic elements of the
management of historical - cultural relics; the effectiveness of the document system in practice, and continuing to propose new research directions suitable
to the reality
- Field study (including in-depth interviews): collecting honest and
objective documents through observing the reality, taking notes and voice recording issues arising in the practice of historical - cultural relic management
in Dong Anh District today
- Summary, analysis and statistics method: evaluating the achieved results,
shortcomings, limitations and causes in the management of historical - cultural relics, as a basis for proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of the management of historical - cultural relics during the urbanization process
- Systemic method: reviewing the management of historical - cultural relics
in the whole system
- Comparative method: analyzing and clarifying changes in historical -
cultural relic management before and after urbanization implementation
6 New contributions of the thesis
Trang 6- Giving a new approach to historical - cultural relic management in the urbanization process at the district level through the application of Stakeholder Theory and Perspective on Sustainable Development to address the scientific contents of the topic
- Developing criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in a district during the urbanization process, making the research results quantitative and objective The criteria may be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in relic management in Dong Anh District in particular and other districts in general during the urbanization process
- Analyzing, evaluating and clarifying the impact of urbanization on economic life as well as historical and cultural relics, providing a comprehensive overview of the impact of urbanization on the historical - cultural relic management
socio-in the District at present
- Presenting the advantages and limitations in the management of historical and cultural relics of stakeholders; evaluating the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the relic management under the impact of urbanization for the sustainable development goals At the same time, proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics to achieve the sustainable development goals in the urbanization process at the District level
- Drawing some useful experience lessons for districts that are and will be in urbanization process in our country
7 Thesis layout
In addition to the introduction, conclusions, list of references and appendices, the thesis contents are structured into 4 chapters:
- Chapter 1: Literature review, theoretical basis and overview of historical
- cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City (34 pages)
- Chapter 2: Impacts of urbanization on historical - cultural relics in Dong
Anh District, Hanoi City (27 pages))
- Chapter 3: Current status of historical - cultural relic management in the
urbanization process in Dong Anh District from the perspective of stakeholders (45 pages)
- Chapter 4: Solutions for stakeholders in the management of historical -
cultural relics in Dong Anh District during the urbanization process (29 pages)
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW, THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW
OF HISTORICAL - CULTURAL RELICS IN DONG ANH DISTRICT,
HANOI CITY 1.1 Literature review
1.1.1 Research works on coordination among stakeholders in relic
Trang 7management are applied in the thesis
The study on “Coordination among stakeholders and heritage management” refers to the relationship between heritage management and tourism development, considering the role of cooperation and management of stakeholders, and interdependence between heritage preservation and tourism relationship The study
on “Cooperation among stakeholders is a key factor for sustainable ecotourism development in developed countries” points out that coordination among stakeholders is a fundamental factor for sustainable ecotourism development
“International scientific conference on 10 years of implementing the UNESCO Convention on the protection of intangible cultural heritages - lessons, experiences and future directions” presents the close relationship between the preservation of intangible and tangible cultural heritages The discourse on “Preservation and promotion of heritage values in Phu Tho from the community perspective” emphasizes the role of the community in protecting and promoting the values of cultural heritages; Issues of historical - cultural relic management are not only the responsibility of state agencies, but also require the coordination among stakeholders, especially local communities
1.1.2 Research works on historical - cultural relic management
The articles “Issues of state management in the field of cultural heritage conservation”, “Some issues on the restoration and rehabilitation of historical - cultural relics”, “Issues of research and application of international regulations
in the practice of protecting and promoting the values of relics in our country” have raised the issue of decentralization of relic management, clarifying responsibilities and coordination in the management and promotion of the values of historical - cultural relics, enhancing the roles and responsibilities, ensuring close and effective coordination among levels, sectors, organizations and individuals in relic management Historical - cultural relic management is mentioned in many theses, dissertations and research works, in which the current status of historical - cultural relic management is analyzed and evaluated, and solutions are proposed to improve the effectiveness of historical
- cultural relic management through the study of some specific cases:
“Management of World Heritages in Vietnam (through the cases of Hue Ancient Capital and Hoi An Ancient Town)”; “Management of the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty Heritage Site, Vinh Loc District, Thanh Hoa Province”;
“Management of World Cultural and Natural Heritages in Vietnam according
to the World Heritage Convention”; “Management of Historical - Cultural Relics in Thai Binh Province”, etc
1.1.3 Research works on management of historical - cultural relics in the urbanization process
Research works on the management of historical - cultural relics in the
urbanization process mainly put the management of relics under the impact of
Trang 8industrialization, modernization and urbanization to comprehensively consider both theories and practice, evaluate the current impact of urbanization, and at the same time propose solutions to harmoniously resolve the relationship between preservation and development in the new period Some typical works can be mentioned, including: "Research on the current status and solutions for preserving cultural heritages in areas undergoing industrialization and urbanization in the Red River Delta"; "Management and exploitation of cultural heritages in the integration period"; "Cultural transformation in some villages
in Bac Ninh in the current urbanization and industrialization process";
"Management of cultural heritages in villages in the urbanization process (the case of Tu Son, Bac Ninh Province)"; "Management of historical - cultural relics in Bac Ninh in the industrialization and urbanization process";
“Management of World Cultural and Natural Heritage in Vietnam according to the World Heritage Convention”; “Social and cultural changes in rural villages during the urbanization process in Hanoi”, etc
1.1.4 Research works on historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District
The system of typical historical - cultural relics of Dong Anh is introduced and recorded in studies and works, including: "Hanoi Communal Houses and Temples";
"Hanoi - Historical - Cultural Relics and Scenic Beauties", etc The book "Dong Anh with a Thousand Years of Thang Long - Hanoi" devotes the fourth chapter to introduce 22 historical - cultural relics, 3 revolutionary relics and types of Sino-Vietnamese Character heritage of the District The book "Dong Anh Geography" uses the fourth part with 7 chapters to explore the culture of Dong Anh from the prehistoric period to modern times and introduce the system of typical historical - cultural and revolutionary relics The book "Dong Anh - Relics and Festivals" introduces 47 relics,
15 typical festivals of the District Moreover, there are many articles, theses, and dissertations mentioning the relics of Dong Anh, exploiting the cultural, historical and scientific values of the relics
1.1.5 Research works on historical - cultural relic management in Dong Anh District
The research "Management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City (Current Status and Solutions)" has studied and evaluated the current status of management of historical -cultural relics in Dong Anh District
up to 2010 and proposed four solutions in management of historical - cultural relics in the District The work "State management of historical relic restoration activities in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City today" has systematized theoretical issues related to historical relic restoration and state management of historical relic restoration activities at the district level; analyzed the current status of state management of historical relic restoration activities; proposed viewpoints and solutions to strengthen state management of historical relic restoration activities
in Dong Anh District
Trang 91.1.6 Overall review of documents
(1) Research works on the management of cultural heritage and historical - cultural relics have been of interest to many authors and researchers, and approached from many different theoretical and practical perspectives These are important sources of information for the PhD student to access the scientific basis, theories and practice as well as viewpoints, orientations and solutions for the management of historical - cultural relics under the impact of urbanization (2) Research on historical - cultural relics and management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District has been mentioned in research works, specialized journals, theses, dissertations and scientific conferences, etc However, research on the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh has not paid attention to the issue of relic management during the urbanization process; There has been no work approaching and applying the stakeholder theory
or developing criteria to evaluate the coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics during the urbanization process for the sustainable development goals This is a gap for the PhD Student to approach and research to improve the effectiveness of historical - cultural relic management in
the urbanization process, meeting the sustainable development goals
1.2 Theoretical basis of the thesis topic
1.2.1 Some concepts
1.2.1.1 Cultural heritages
1.2.1.2 Historical - cultural relics: Historical - cultural relics are
construction works, sites, relics, antiquities and national treasures belonging to those works and sites with historical, cultural and scientific values
1.2.1.3 Management
1.2.1.4 Management of historical - cultural relics: Historical - cultural
relic management is the organized, purposeful impact by power, in a certain manner of the management subject on historical - cultural relics to adjust activities to protect, exploit and promote the values of historical - cultural relics
to meet the sustainable development requirements
1.2.1.5 Urbanization: Urbanization is a process with basic characteristics:
Population increase in quantity and size at urban residential areas; Concentration of non-agricultural residents in cities; Widespread dissemination
of urban lifestyle
1.2.1.6 Stakeholders: The State, community and enterprises: The
stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics are state agencies (public sector), enterprises (private sector) and the community participating in the management of historical - cultural relics
1.2.2 Perspective on Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is development that meets current needs without damaging the ability to meet future needs Sustainable development depends on
Trang 10three overarching principles, including: Human rights, equity and long-term sustainability; four basic groups of factors, including: Environmental sustainability, social development for all, economic growth for all and promotion of peace and security This perspective is suitable for application in the thesis The PhD Student uses the above-mentioned four groups of factors to evaluate the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in historical - cultural relic management in Dong Anh District under the impact of urbanization to achieve the sustainable development goals
1.2.3 Stakeholder Theory
- Origin and contents of the Stakeholder Theory: It is a theory on
organizational management, ethics in management and relationship among parties in governance activities
- Identification of Stakeholders: Stakeholders in the management of
historical - cultural relics are the State, community and enterprises that jointly coordinate to participate in the management of historical - cultural relics to achieve common goals
- Application of the Stakeholder Theory in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District under the impact of urbanization:
Clarifying the positive and negative impacts of the urbanization process on stakeholders in the coordination of historical - cultural relic management; proposing solutions for stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics to improve the effectiveness of management, exploitation and promotion
of cultural heritage values during the urbanization process, meeting the
sustainable development goals in Dong Anh District
1.2.4 Proposed analytical framework of the thesis
Applying the stakeholder theory and basing on the Law on Cultural Heritage 2001, as amended and supplemented in 2009, the PhD Student identifies the following basic issues: 1) Stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in the District includes: The State, community and enterprises 2) Determining the coordination among stakeholders, if it is close, harmonious, unified and effective, it will ensure the achievement of common goals; coordination that is not close, un-uniform, overlapping and does not ensure harmony of interests among the parties will neither bring about efficiency nor achieve common goals 3) Article 54 of the Law on Cultural Heritage clearly stipulates the state management of cultural heritage, including
8 contents, and the PhD Student identifies 4 contents of coordination of stakeholders being clearly affected by the urbanization, specifically: (1) Coordination to promulgate and implement legal documents on the management of historical - cultural relics; (2) Coordination to develop and direct the implementation of planning and plans for the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values; (3) Coordination to organize
Trang 11professional activities in the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values; (4) Coordination to mobilize, manage and use resources in the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values From the above analysis, the PhD Student determines the Analytical Framework of the thesis according to the following diagram:
Diagram 1.2 Analytical Framework of the thesis
Source: Conducted by the PhD Student in June 2023
1.2.5 Developing criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City in the urbanization process to meet sustainable development goals
Criterion content: Closely following the coordination contents among
stakeholders in the relic management activities most clearly affected by the urbanization, including: 1) Coordination to promulgate and implement legal documents on the management of historical - cultural relics; 2) Coordination
to develop and direct the implementation of planning and plans for the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values; 3) Coordination to organize professional activities in the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values; 4) Coordination to mobilize, manage and use resources in the conservation and promotion of historical -
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Economic, Social, Environmental)
IMPACT OF URBANIZATION:
Positive; negative impacts
COORDINATION AMONG STAKEHOLDERS
IN RELIC MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
Develop the planning and plans to preserve and promote the values of historical - cultural relics Promulgate and organize the implementation of legal documents on management
of historical - cultural relics
Organize professional
promotion of historical - cultural relic values
Mobilize, manage and use
promotion of historical - cultural relic values
Trang 12cultural relic values Criterion evaluation level: The criterion is evaluated at
3 levels: Not meeting the sustainable development goals; Partially meeting the sustainable development goals; Meeting the sustainable development goals
1.3 Overview of the historical - cultural relic system in Dong Anh District, Hanoi City
1.3.1 Overview of Dong Anh District
Dong Anh is a land area rich in historical, cultural and revolutionary traditions; a key political, economic and cultural center of the Capital and the country
1.3.2 Overview of relics and culture in Dong Anh District
Dong Anh has 413 relics, of which there are 7 relics in the special national relic cluster, 63 national relics, 72 city-level relics, 177 relics in the inventory list and 94 relics that have not been inventoried
1.4 General context of the case study sites
1.4.1 Western area (Vinh Ngoc Commune): Being strongly affected by
urbanization, the area has 11 relics, of which there are 2 national relics
1.4.2 Central area (Uy No Commune): Being partly affected by
urbanization, the area has 18 relics, including 1 national relic and 3 city-level relics
1.4.3 Easter area (Thuy Lam Commune): Being less affected by
urbanization, the area has 25 relics, including 7 national relics and 5 city-level relics
Sub-conclusions of Chapter 1
Historical -cultural relics and historical - cultural relic management are of interest to many researchers and approached from many different perspectives The studies are systematized by the research direction of the topic including: Coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities; management
of historical - cultural relic in the urbanization process; management of historical - cultural relics and the current status of management of historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh associated with the sustainable development goals The accessed research works are important sources of documents for the PhD Student to refer to and inherit to serve the research purpose of the thesis An overview of historical - cultural relic system of Dong Anh and an overview of the context of the case study sites to clearly see the richness, diversity and value
of the historical - cultural relics in Dong Anh District are the basis for the PhD Student to study and evaluate the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in the District The PhD Student has chosen the approach
of Stakeholder Theory and the perspective on sustainable development to solve the problems raised in the thesis The thesis uses 4 main groups of factors proposed by the UNESCO in sustainable development, including: Environmental sustainability, social development for all, economic growth for
Trang 13all and promotion of peace and security to evaluate the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in relic management in Dong Anh District under the impact of the urbanization The PhD Student identifies that the stakeholders coordinating in relic management activities in the district include: The State, Community and Enterprises The contents of coordination in activities most clearly affected by the urbanization are identified and forms of coordination among stakeholders include: 1) Coordination to promulgate and implement legal documents on the management of historical - cultural relics; 2) Coordination to develop and direct the implementation of planning and plans for the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values; 3) Coordination to organize professional activities in the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values; 4) Coordination to mobilize, manage and use resources in the conservation and promotion of historical - cultural relic values; At the same time, the thesis proposes an analytical framework as a basis for assessing the current state of coordination among stakeholders in relic management Applying the Stakeholders Theory and the perspective on sustainable development, the PhD Student develops criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics under the impact of urbanization for sustainable development goals
Chapter 2
URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON HISTORICAL - CULTURAL
RELICS IN DONG ANH DISTRICT, HANOI CITY
2.1 Characteristics and forms of urbanization in Dong Anh District
2.1.1 Characteristics of urbanization in Dong Anh District
The population in the District has significantly increased; urban areas have been expanded, and rural areas have been narrowed; urban lifestyles are popular
2.1.2 Forms of urbanization in Dong Anh District
Dong Anh has implemented urbanization in the form of rural urbanization
In the period from 2013 up to present, according to the overall socio-economic development plan of Dong Anh District to 2020, with a vision to 2030, Dong Anh District has gradually implemented the process of building new rural areas and an urban lifestyle in rural areas, to develop Dong Anh to become an expanded central urban area of Hanoi, a center of trade, services, tourism, international transactions and high-tech industry in the North of the Red River
2.1.3 Potentials and advantages of the District during urbanization process
Overall, Dong Anh is eligible to promote urbanization, holding advantages
in geographical location and land resources; human resources; economic growth and restructuring; humanistic resources