tuyển tập các bài luyện thi tiếng anh trình độ c nxb từ điển bách khoa 2011 nguyễn thu huyền 347 trang

The Windy NGUYẾN THU HUYẺN chủ biên TUYẾIN TẬP CÁC BÀI LUYỆN THI TRÌNH Đ ộ CA Hiệu đỉnh: MỸ HƯƠNG & NGUYỄN XOAN NHÀ XUẤT BẢN TỪ ĐIỂN BÁCH KHOA... i • Để có thêm tài liệu thiết thực phục

1 The film several scenes that might upset young children. a admits c contains b involves d displays

2 They talked for three days before finally to a decision a reaching c bringing b coming d arriving

3.1 am not in the least about his opinion. a aware c interested b concerned d regarded

4 Their aim is t o up a new political party. a strike c set b stand d show

5 11 honed the bank to how much money there was in m account. a: control c test b inspect d check

6 he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home. a For c So b Thus d As iA y cA c ¿A c lic y 4 *\

7 1 looked everywhere but I couldn't fin d at all. a anyone c someone b no one d somebody

8 It w a s and we had to walk quickly to keep warm. a cold c fi-ozen b fi*esh d mild

9 I do my best to practice the piano every d a y it is difficult sometimes. a even c also b when d although

10 Please would y o u me where the railway station is. a say c tell b explain d point

11 He has been waiting for this letter for days, and a t it has come. a last c present b the end d the finish

12 You asked me t o you to post that letter. a remember c remind b remark d recall

13 He was busy when I phoned but I hung until he was free. a back c to b off d on

14 It is hot in the day-time but the temperature sharply at night. a slips c descends b drops d.reduces

15 The children threw snowballs a t on their way to school. a themselves c each other b another d their own

16 It happened we were asleep last Friday night. a during c while b for d since

17 The plate was right on th e of the table and could have been knocked off at any moment. a border c margin b tip d edge

18 I am not sure how old she is but she must b e for 70. a gomg by c getting on b getting up d going off

19 Her watch had stopped so she had no way of knowing the right a hour c time b moment d o'clock

20 We absolutely with everything that has been said. a agree c admit b accept d approve

II Read the passage and then choose one answer, for each of the following questions:

The Nobel Prizes are prestigious awards presented annually for outstanding achievements in fields such as chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature, and international peace These awards were established through a fund bequeathed by Swedish philanthropist Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

The Nobel Prizes, established in 1901 and managed by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, recognize significant contributions to humanity In 1969, the Central Bank of Sweden introduced the Prize in Economic Sciences Nominees must be submitted in writing by qualified authorities, and the selection is made by Swedish and Norwegian academies based on their impact The awards are presented annually on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, with the King of Sweden officiating Each prize consists of a gold medal, a diploma, and a cash award of approximately one million dollars.

1 What does this passage mainly discuss? a Alfred Bernhard Nobel

2 How often are the Nobel prizes awarded? a Five times a year b Twice a year

: Once a year i Once every two year

3 A Nobel prize would not be given to

1 an author who wrote a novel

; a writer who plagiarized most of his works from the other writers

Why were the prizes named after Alfred Bernhard Nobel?

1 He left money in his will to establish a fund for prizes.

He was awarded the first Nobel Prize for his philanthropic efforts and is currently the first living recipient residing in Sweden Additionally, he holds the position of judge at the Nobel Foundation.

The awards are presented on December 10th as a tribute to the king of Sweden and to honor the memory of Alfred Nobel, who passed away on that day This date was specifically chosen in accordance with Nobel's will, and it is also overseen by the Central Bank of Sweden, which administers the trust.

III Read the article below and put a cross on the letter next to the word that best fits each space.

The first traffic signal was invented by a railway signalinj engineer It was installed (1) the Houses of Parliament ii

1868 It ( 2 ) like any railway signal of the time, and wa operated by gas ( 3 ) , it exploded and killed a policeman and the accident (4) fiirther development until car became common.

Traffic lights, an American invention, were first installed in Cleveland in 1914, featuring red and green signals By 1918, New York introduced three-color signals operated manually from a tower The first traffic lights in Britain appeared in London at the junction of St James's Street and Piccadilly in 1925, followed by the installation of automatic signals a year later.

Historically, traffic lights featured unique designs, such as statues atop the signals in New York In Los Angeles, traffic lights not only changed colors but also rang bells to alert drivers and pedestrians.

the sleeping motorists of the 1930s These are gone and have been (15) by standard models which are universally adopted.

1 a outside b out c out of d outdoors

14 a rise b raise c wake d get up

IV Fill in each gap in the passage below with one suitable word.

Society has undergone significant changes due to the introduction of computers, impacting both home and office life Many individuals are now working fewer hours per week than in the past, prompting manufacturers and advertising agencies to pay closer attention to how people utilize their newfound leisure time A recent report highlighted that, despite the increase in free time, the number of hobbies has not seen a corresponding rise.

"X U tySn iA y} cA c ¿AC iU i increased, each hobby (5) become much more specialized.

Many managers today prioritize spending time with their families over staying late at the office, recognizing the importance of home life alongside work As a result, some companies encourage managers to take their annual holidays, even if they are reluctant, as taking breaks has been shown to enhance their performance.

In recent years, many individuals are exerting more effort than ever due to rising exam standards and intensified competition, making university admission significantly more challenging than it was two decades ago Consequently, schoolchildren and students are often required to work so diligently that they frequently spend longer hours studying than their parents.

V Use the words to make sentences.

1 Thank you / letter / 1 / receive this morning.

2 Thank you also / invite me / come / interview / Tuesday next week.

3 Unfortunately 1/ not be able / attend / time / suggest.

4 Be possible / rearrange / interview / Wednesday morning?

“C ittyd n , iA yi cA c 6 A c ii\X i £ £ n ^ y \ t \ i \

6 1 / be most grateful / you can contact / to confirm / time.

7 1 look forward / hear / from you and / meet / you / week.

VI Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.

1 'Don't forget to phone the office,' she told him.

2 I’m afraid I haven’t got time to listen to you.

3 The police have just released John.

4 1 couldn’t hear them because they were speaking too softly.

5 We spent five hours getting to London.

In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of being a member of a large family?

I Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.

1 Have I you about how Hung is getting on at college? a said c answered b explained d told

2 The teachers at the school with flu one after the other. a went down c went out b went off d went under

3 To promote him so quickly^ you must have a very high

of his ability. a view c idea b opinion d feeling

4 At the end of the day we watch a little television going to bed. a before c upon b then d during

5 It's a very nice drink; I'm sure you would like it if you

it. a tested c tried b proved d surveyed c a c 6A c ¿ u y d ft- iA c i£4U \^ J ^ * U \

6 He was; bom during the war, which would him about

7 My pho)ne is out o f order, which is a a hurt; c trouble b harm d nuisance

8 The noiise g o t as the car disappeared into the distance. a smaller c weaker b faiatter d sUghter

9 1 had run out o f money but luckily I was able t o enough to get home. a lend c loan b rent d borrow

10 the weather forecast it will rain heavily later this morning. a On account o f c Because of b According to d Due to

11 Give her a telephone number to rin g she gets lost. a whether c unless b in case d perhaps

12.1 had to be up early the next morning, so I myself and left the party. a reiused c excused b th a n k e d d a p o lo g iz e d

13 T h e part of the week is always busy for me. a front c early b start d nearly iAyt ¿AC

14 When you come tomorrow why n o t your brotltier with you? a fetch c bring b take d cany

15 We had to drive carefully because the road was icy in several,. a blocks c pieces b places d bits

16 The butcher cut some steak, it up and handed it to me. a closed c wound b wrapped d strung

17 Clock-marking is very work which takes yeairs to leam. a skilled c educated b trained d unique

18 The smell was so bad that it completely us o ff our food. a set c got b took d put

19 He says he has g o t in his stomach. a hurt c pains b aches d suffering

20 O ne o f this job is that it is near where I live. a goodness c pleasure b advantage d preference tA y} c A c ¿Ac (x u -^ e ^ tlxC

II Read the passage and then choose one answer for each of the following questions:

To ensure your pet cat lives a long life, consider adopting an ordinary female cat and monitor her closely during the spring and summer months Research shows that male cats tend to roam farther from home, leading to a higher risk of accidents Additionally, black and black-and-white cats are disproportionately represented among the cats killed on roads during these seasons.

Domestic cats perceive their owners as part of their family and communicate more frequently with humans than with other cats They have adapted to our auditory communication, developing a unique vocabulary to effectively convey their messages to us.

Scientists suggest that the unique ability of cats to coexist with humans while maintaining their hunting skills and mental independence makes them a valuable subject for study.

A study conducted on suburban cats in Barking, Essex, revealed that these cats exhibit hunting and exploring behaviors similar to their wild counterparts Female cats typically maintained a territory confined to their homes and gardens, while male cats roamed an area up to ten times larger.

Contrary to popular belief, cats are quite practical when it comes to defending their territory Their behavior is influenced by their confidence in facing other cats, shaped by past encounters Typically, female cats and younger males tend to seek shelter when confronted by aggressive adult males in their territory.

Female cats maintain a harmonious bond with humans while adapting to their natural instincts, unlike male cats, which may exhibit signs of anxiety and stress.

Cats produce a broader range of sounds when communicating with humans because they are accustomed to vocalizing with other cats, learn from their owners, mimic human behavior, and seek to be perceived as part of the human family.

Domestic cats are of special interest to scientists due to their remarkable hunting skills and intelligence, as well as their long history of domestication Unlike many domesticated animals, cats have retained some wild behaviors, allowing them to lead both wild and domesticated lives This unique combination of traits makes them a fascinating subject for research and study.

3 In what ways are wild cats and domestic cats alike? a They cover a wide territory. b They tend to fight. c They hunt and explore.

They like to be alone.

4 When on their own territory cats? a hide from all strange cats b allow only familiar cats to cross c chase larger cats d allow fierce cats to cross

Male cats, in contrast to female cats, are often predominantly black and white They typically exhibit less affection towards humans and demonstrate a higher success rate in hunting Additionally, male cats are more prone to experiencing nervous strain compared to their female counterparts.

III Read the article below and put a cross on the letter next to the word that best fits each space

The advertisers are coming to get you

Prepare yourself for a big surprise I imagine the shock, while

(1) through your favorite imagine, of suddenly finding an advertisement with your (2 ) name in the headline.

Consider upgrading your vehicle to a more modern model, which may lead to a discussion about the make of your current, outdated car Additionally, exploring new shampoo options could enhance your hair care routine, providing fresh results and a revitalized appearance.

(7) it might suggest that you switch deodorants.

Some people may not like their names being used in a advertisement without their ( 8 ) even if they are the

Advertising agencies assert that response rates can rise by up to fifty percent when individuals see their names featured in catalogs or direct mail communications However, there currently appears to be no legal protections in place for readers regarding this practice.

So, given the possibility of greater (1 2 ) , will the television companies get in on the act next, with personalized commercials perhaps?

(13) seeing a TV advertisement, for say, a (14) agency, sympathetically suggesting that you look in need of a holiday How (1 5 ) you resist? The adman is coming And, this time, he's got your name.

Thank you for your letter and kind messages I apologize for my delayed response, as I've been busy searching for a new job due to dissatisfaction with my previous position The work environment was challenging, especially my relationship with my boss, which led me to seek a change In my search, I reached out to the Work Placement Agency (WPA), and to my surprise, they responded almost immediately with opportunities.

I’m excited to share that I got the job I interviewed for! To celebrate, I’m hosting a small party next Saturday night and would love for you to come Feel free to bring your new girlfriend; I’d like to meet her I’m not sure how many people will be coming yet, but it should be a fun gathering! Please let me know if you can make it, as I want to avoid inviting too many guests since my flat isn’t big enough for a huge crowd I’m looking forward to seeing you; it feels like ages since we last met!

1.1 / be sorry / it take / so long / reply / your letter.

2 You / be pleased / know / 1 come / London next weekend.

3 It seem / long time / we / meet.

4 1 wonder / you / like / go / see / a film / a play.

5 There / be / new Harrison Ford film / at / Odeon.

6 Perhaps / can go / meal / drink afterwards.

7 Give / ring later / week / arrange / something.

1 She doesn't usually stay u^ so late.

2 If I were you I'd look for another job.

3 He lost his money simply because he wasn't careful.

4 They last visited me five years ago.

5 His suits were all made in Paris.

The Vietnamese New Year Feast, known as Tết, is a vibrant celebration that showcases our rich customs and way of life Preparation for this holiday involves cleaning and decorating homes, cooking traditional dishes, and making offerings to ancestors, reflecting our deep respect for family and heritage During Tết, families gather to enjoy festive meals, exchange gifts, and partake in various cultural activities, fostering a sense of unity and joy This celebration is not only a time for feasting but also a moment to reflect on the past year and embrace new beginnings, highlighting the significance of renewal and hope in Vietnamese culture.

I

1 The Vise is definitely n o t but just a very good imitaion. a red c genuine b factual d true

2 You nust put your name and address on this side of the form, and tien sign on th e side. a back c opposite b otler d under

3 The nanager expected the team because they hadn't doneenough training. a to ose c to be lose b ha/e lost d by losing

4 Catchng the earlier train will give us th e to do some shopping. a opportunity c possibility b ludc d occasion

5 This ii a photograph of the school I when I lived in Swinlon. a used c ionized b asasted d attended tuye4\ iU i í¿¿t^^y /^-V/vA

6 to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London Road. a Though c Because b Owing d Since

7 It w a s a simple question that everyone answered it correctly. a so c much b such d too

8 The other day I cam e a really beautiful old house in the back streets of Birmingham. a across c by b over d down

9 It seems that the world record for this event is almost impossible to a meet c beat b compare d balance

10 He could not have known what was in the letter he had written it himself a until c unless b if d if only

11 Put the salt in the water and let it before adding the vegetables. a dissolve c soften b melt d mix

12.1 could tell he was pl,;ased the expression on his face. a at c in b for d by iA y} c& c ¿ A t ilu - iid tx ty

13 The air in the house felt cold a n d after weeks of bad weather. a wet c damp b moist d watery

14 It doesn't sound he knows anything about it. a that is c so as b as to d as if

15 He took the trouble to w rite the complete list for us. a on c off b out d through

16 In h e r she was a famous tennis player. a day c age b year d hour

17 O n e of public transport is its unreliability. a disappointment c disorder b disadvantage d dislike

18 It is a minor road and very narrow a n d in places. a bending c wandering b winding d turning

19 from anything else, she is always late for work. a Not only c Apart b As well d Except

20 He has a very temper and often says things he regrets later. a angry c warm b quick d fast iA y cAc- iA C

II Read the passage and then choose one answer for each o f the following questions:

To capture compelling photographs of real-life situations, start by observing your surroundings The everyday world is rich with dynamic scenes featuring an ever-changing cast of characters You may have overlooked numerous photographic opportunities on your daily commute, so take a moment to look around and discover the captivating moments unfolding around you.

The art of realistic photography has been masterfully demonstrated by legends like Henry Cartier-Bresson and Bill Brandt While studying their work can provide valuable insights, true success in photography ultimately stems from cultivating your own unique style and perspective.

To excel as a photographer, it is essential to cultivate a keen awareness of your surroundings and the people within them, rather than focusing solely on technical skills Being attuned to your environment allows you to anticipate moments that can result in striking photographs Prepared photographers can swiftly capture these fleeting instances, while those lacking this awareness may find themselves fumbling with their equipment, missing valuable opportunities.

Film manufacturers likely appreciate the enthusiasm of inexperienced photographers as they embark on their quest for the perfect shot This ongoing pursuit has led to the use of countless rolls of expensive film across numerous cameras While much of this film waste can be attributed to inexperience, even seasoned professionals often go through significant amounts of film during their shoots.

Not every photograph will be a standout; even the best photographers capture numerous images leading up to that perfect moment Often, they must take several shots, sometimes even after the ideal moment has passed Typically, only one image truly shines, as it represents the convergence of all elements in a scene This process often requires wasting film to ultimately seize that invaluable instant.

To become a better real-life photographer, immerse yourself in the craft by observing other photographers in action, which can provide valuable insights Additionally, studying the works of renowned photographers can inspire and inform your style Practice is essential, so take a multitude of photographs to refine your skills Lastly, focus on developing your unique ideas and techniques to enhance your artistic vision.

The key to exceptional real-life photography lies in actively seeking out unique situations, mastering camera techniques, recognizing potential moments for captivating shots, and utilizing a camera that is both user-friendly and efficient.

3 The waste of film in real-life photography is a expensive and urmecessary b essential to the production of good pictures c limited to amateur photographers d the result of poor choices o f subject

To achieve the best results in photography, it is often most effective to take one picture at the right moment While capturing a series of similar images or relying on minimal preparation may yield some interesting shots, the key to impactful photography lies in skillfully setting up the situation and being ready to seize the perfect opportunity.

This text is sourced from a camera instruction booklet, which provides essential guidance for users It emphasizes the importance of understanding the equipment and its features Additionally, the text may also reference film types, historical context, or introductory concepts in photography The reader is encouraged to engage with the material by selecting the most appropriate options for the provided spaces, enhancing their comprehension of photography fundamentals.

Breakfast, cereal and the Brain

The ideal breakfast, say scientists, is a glass o f orange juice, a cup of coffee and a ( 1 ) of cereal People who start the day ( 2 ) a drink o f vitamin C, a dose o f caffeine and a

(3) of their favorite cereal are happier and perform better ( 4 ) the morning, Andy Smith, o f the University of Bristol, said.

A study involving 600 participants revealed that individuals who consistently consumed cereal for breakfast experienced a more positive mood compared to those who opted for different foods or skipped breakfast altogether Previous research indicated that breakfast consumption, regardless of the type, positively influenced cognitive performance.

10 percent better on (11) of remembering, speed of response and (12) to concentrate, compared with those given only a cup of decaffeinated coffee.

Research by Professor Smith indicates that individuals who consume four cups of coffee daily exhibit higher productivity levels throughout the day compared to those who drink less He recommends that employers consider providing free coffee or tea to enhance workplace performance.

15 a put b get c give d throw rV, Fill in each gap in the passage below with one suitable word.

Teachers frequently utilize memory tests to evaluate student intelligence; however, a strong memory does not necessarily correlate with intelligence Research indicates that individuals with below-average intelligence can possess remarkable memories, while some highly intelligent individuals may struggle with memory retention A good memory is typically the result of learned techniques, and numerous books on the subject advocate for the adoption of these methods.

To effectively remember new vocabulary, consider using mnemonic devices such as short sentences or rhymes For instance, the phrase "Rechard of York gained battles in vain" provides the acronym ROYGBIV, representing the colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, and so on Another useful technique is to link sounds of words with images, which can significantly enhance memory retention By creating a mental image associated with a new word, learners often find it much easier to retain the vocabulary than they initially anticipated.

2 twins / so / alike / no one / distinguish / one / other.

3 you / drive / distraction / silly / question.

4 It / first time / painting / display / public.

5 He / force / dispose / art / treasures.

6 Failure / crops / often / result / famine.

7 gap / two / runners / begin / close.

8 Her / claim / disallow / on ground / not pay / premium.

9 How / clever / boys / see / solution / problem / quickly.

10 Some villagers / never / further a field / neighboring town.

1 * I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.

U nless iA yJ cA o ti\c

2 "You were cheating", said Carol to June.

3 She bought that house in 1973.

4 They believe he is mad.

5 Our house's going to be painted by a local firm.

What are the effects of smoking?

1 Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.

1 1 shall do the job to the best o f m y a capacity c knowledge b ability d talent

2 During the boss's his assistant took over. a vanishing c absence b disappearance d loss

3 This school has the highest standards in the area. a learning c academic b intelligence d study

4 Mrs Hien always likes someone t o her to the bus stop at night. a go c join b company d accompany

5 Dr.,Nam has received an award for her great in treating leukemia. a deeds c achievements b activities d undertaking

6 Although his work is not outstanding, it i s a enough c well b sufficient d adequate

I She is interested in working in university a managing c registration b organization d administration

8 When he was a boy, he feh great for his uncle. a marvel c admiration b wonder d pleasure

9 Their neighbor was v ery when they complained about the noise. a ^gressive c irritable b provocative d annoying

10 W e all your help in this matter. a estimate c appreciate b enjoy d evaluate

II Certain problems h av e and so the meeting has been cancelled. a risen c arisen b aroused d roused

12 Lan enjoyed the party, but a s Hoc, he was sunply bored. a for c about b by d from

13 All the plans have been p u t for the time being. a dovm c up b, aside d low

14 He said he would contribute money, but later he backed

K away d out iAy; oac Liu

15 Can you recite the alphabet ? a reverse c backwards b around d returned

16 The nurse put a on the wound. a cloth c towel b bandage d material

17 If they're not careful with their accounts, the firm will go a broken c penniless b poor d bankrupt

18 We found some re a l at the sale. a prizes c bargains b items d goods

19 The schoolboy down to tie his shoe-lace. a stooped c turned b leaned d went

20 They had a quarrel but now they're th e fnends again. a best c surest b most d happiest n Read the passage and then choose one answer for each of the following questions:

Visiting stamp dealers' showrooms reveals a striking continuity in the world of philately, reminiscent of the experiences of today's parents during their own childhood This enduring appeal highlights the strong tradition that underpins stamp collecting, making it a timeless hobby for generations.

In the past decade, significant shifts have occurred in the world of stamp collecting, particularly regarding mint condition stamps Collectors are increasingly opting for stamp mounts instead of hinges, as hinges can leave a slight mark on the back of the stamp, affecting its value and appeal.

L Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.

1 Are there enough apples for us to have one ? a every c individually b each d self

2 She is the m o s t manageress we have ever had. a good c active b working d efficient

3 They are to be married next year. a planned c intended b prepared d engaged

4 As I like the photo I had i t a lengthened c sized b enlarged d widened

5 Their house is the of the whole street. a envy c desire b jealousy d need

6 She loves London, in the spring. a mostly c most b specially d especially cAc- iiU-

I Everyone Alan was invited to the party. a not c but b apart d though

8 We must our pounds for dollars before going to New York. a change c turn b convert d exchange

9 Have you seen the n ew o f painting at the gallery? a demonstration c publication b manifestation d exhibition

10 The scientists pubhshed the results of their a experiences c proofs b exercise d experiment

II As we liked the hotel so much we decided t o our holiday. a extend c stretch b stay d remain '

12 The ho tel the sea. a faces c views b looks d watches

13 As the flowers h ad she threw them away. a discolored c faded b dead d fallen

14 Since he failed his exam he had t o for it again. a make c pass b sit d write

15 I’m afraid I have n o in his promises. a agreement c faith b acceptance d fidelity £ A y cdc- ¿AC ii\C {£¿ 4 x 4 ^ /^ ^ \ 4 \lv

16 The temperature below zero during the night. a fell c descended b came d registered

17 His face looks , but 1 can't remember his name. a similar c memorial b alike d familiar

18 The station is to o away for us to walk. a long c way b far d distant

19 Can you do me a and post this letter? a help c favor b promise d aid

20 What is your frixit? a preferred c rather b best d favorite

ICI, a leading chemicals and plastics company, is pioneering the use of polyester for bottles, aiming to challenge the longstanding dominance of glass in the packaging industry and capitalize on the vast market potential.

Plastics manufacturers have faced significant challenges in recent years, with traditional products struggling in the global market Notably, between 1982 and 1984, the Plastics Division of ICI incurred losses of $120 million As a result, the industry is increasingly focusing on promising new markets, particularly in packaging, bottles, and cans.

Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing

‘Melanie’, the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made. iA y d ie ¿¿U- il\c it04\^

The polyester bottle emerged in the 1970s as soft drink companies, such as Coca Cola, began offering beverages in large two-litre containers Due to the pressure buildup from carbonation, traditional materials like glass and PVC were inadequate for these bottles This led to the development of a new type of plastic specifically designed to handle carbonated drinks.

Glass is still cheaper for the small bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.

Polyester bottles are nearly unbreakable and lighter than glass, making them a practical choice for businesses due to reduced breakage costs and noise during handling While shopkeepers generally welcome the switch from glass to polyester, gaining public acceptance has proven more challenging To address this, ICI's commercial department is designing various visually appealing bottle shapes to attract consumers.

The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.

Plastics have been utilized for manufacturing bottles since the 1960s, initially excluding carbonated liquids, with broader adoption starting in the 1970s for larger bottles, and gaining popularity in 1982 when companies like Coca-Cola began experimenting with them.

IQ's Plastics Division is turning its attention to polyester for bottle production due to several key factors: their current product lines are experiencing poor sales, glass manufacturers are struggling to meet the demand for new bottles, they have factories that can be easily adapted for polyester production, and the fluctuating price of oil influences their material choices.

Not all bottles are made of polyester due to several factors: the rising costs of oil and plastic, the unsuitability of polyester for carbonated beverages, consumer preference for traditional glass bottles, and shopkeepers' reluctance to adopt reusable bottle options.

4 Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they a are cheaper. b are more suited to small sizes. c are more exciting to look at. d do not break easily.

Plastic containers for holding food, similar to cans, have been utilized for many years and are of significant interest to plastics companies While they are feasible for food storage, their use is primarily recommended for hot food In fact, these containers are among the first products being manufactured in new factories.

The anxiety surrounding interviews often exaggerates the potential for failure, as many individuals fear that every small mistake will be scrutinized However, the reality is that interviews are typically more forgiving than anticipated, allowing candidates to showcase their strengths and abilities without the pressure of constant judgment.

(3 ) for the meeting to go well as you are It is what

(4 ) his or her job enjoyable.

Preparing for a successful interview is essential, and your attire plays a crucial role in making a strong first impression Dress neatly yet comfortably to ensure you feel confident Anticipate common interview questions, such as your motivation for becoming a nurse, the key qualities of a good nurse, other career interests you may have, and your hobbies.

To succeed in an interview, answer questions fully and precisely, especially if reading is one of your interests; be ready to discuss the types of books you enjoy However, avoid memorizing your answers verbatim, as the interviewer seeks to connect with a genuine person, not a robotic response Keep in mind that the interviewer is genuinely interested in you, so the more you relax and be yourself, the higher your chances of success.

5 a dress b wear c put on d have on

10 a For instance b That is c Such as d Let’s say

Henry Adams is one of the luckiest individuals I know, and his job is something I genuinely envy Unlike most of my friends, I rarely find myself wishing for their careers, but Henry's unique position stands out He has always had a passion for both science and animals, aspiring to be a veterinarian Interestingly, we were both university students at the same time, sharing similar academic interests.

After completing his course, he moved to Aberdeen, where he focused on caring for domestic animals like cats and dogs He often expressed his desire to explore different opportunities, as he didn't believe in staying in one job for too long.

After working at a zoo for two years while pursuing higher qualifications, he successfully passed his exams and applied for a warden position on a game reserve in Africa in 1994 He is now responsible for the well-being of thousands of animals and oversees a special program aimed at protecting endangered species.

1 Sally / work / too hard / really / need / rest.

2 Mr Collins / great hurry / because / late / work.

3 Mr Jones / write / novel / hope / getting / publish / next year.

4 John / study / law / preparation / join / father / law firm.

5 1 / agree / you / principle / but / not approve / way / carry / plan.

6 1 / want / take / Mary / lunch / return / kindness / my mother.

1 When Bob / go home / find / wife / tears / because / bum / steak.

8 If you / not stop / drive / fast / you / frouble / police.

9 You / never / happy / if / feel / envious / other people.

10 If / business / continue / slow / we / have / lay / one / two people.

1 He started investigating the case a week ago.

2 I’m quite sure that she didn’t steal the necklace.

3 The flat’s very noisy but we enjoy living ứiere.

4 ‘If I were you I wouldn’t trust Peter,’ she told John.

5 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.

"Cuyẩềx iẠyi cÁc ¿ ả i iiù- J^\4yí\

Exercise is good fo r our health Do you agree?

1 Let's ju s t our differences and be fiiends. a forget c stop b leave d rid

2 Do you mean the cinema the station? a front c to b on d opposite

3 The room w a s of sfrangers. a fiill c replete b complete d filled

4 The children got into the garden through a g a p the fence. a of c in b at d through

5 My uncle is very with his money. a free c kind b giving d nice

6 Living in that awful flat is getting her a low c under b down d below

7 The doctors say he'll take a long time to get the shock, a past c through b above d over

8 1 w ill you this book if you promise to return it next week. a oifer c borrow b lend d allow

9 The car w on't any more. a drive c go b run d speed

10 Once the fire out we had to sit in the cold. a went c lit b fell d came

11.1 couldn't live with a person who had such disgusting a customs c uses b habits d actions

12 Only a of students attend those classes. a little c band b group d handful

13 Why don't w e a drink tonight? a have c swallow b drink d go

14 Who is th e of this company? a tap c leader b hgad d minister

15 They said w e to wait here. a must c had b should d better

16 Be careful what you say, he has a temper. a strong c loud b big d hot

17 The judge was v e ry on pickpockets. a strong c strict b hard d had

18.1 ever go to the theatre. a rarely c sometimes b not d hardly

19 He has written a book on th e o f London. a past c events b story d history

20 We all laughed at his of the teacher. a mimic c image b copy d imitation n Read the passage and then choose one answer for each of he following questions:

Bulbs are perfect for novice gardeners, including children, due to their ease of planting and reliable blooming in the first season With minimal maintenance required, as long as the soil is well-prepared and the planting location is thoughtfully selected, bulbs can thrive for many years They provide an annual display of vibrant and uniquely shaped flowers, setting them apart from other garden varieties.

Purchasing bulbs without a clear understanding of the desired effect can lead to disappointment This guide aims to assist non-specialist gardeners in selecting the most suitable bulbs for their small, modern gardens, providing helpful suggestions for those who may be new to gardening.

Many beginner gardening books suggest that novices should stick to 'sensible' plants and leave the more exciting varieties to experienced gardeners This approach encourages new gardeners to focus on mastering basic techniques in their initial years, while appreciating the more intricate gardens of their knowledgeable neighbors.

As a learner-gardener, you need not worry about showcasing inexperience, as sourcing bulbs from a reliable provider can yield impressive results even in your first gardening year While some challenging bulbs, such as certain lilies and miniature daffodils, may disappoint, they are often no more appealing than easier varieties Therefore, embrace the opportunity to plant bulbs, as they represent a worthwhile investment for any garden.

When planting bulbs, it's important to avoid planting them alone, as they often look more appealing when surrounded by other plants that can conceal their less attractive leaves However, certain bulbs, like standard daffodils, thrive beautifully when grown in short grass.

New gardeners often choose to grow bulbs because they are affordable, allowing for the planting of many at once Once planted, bulbs require minimal maintenance, making them ideal for those with busy schedules Additionally, they thrive in various locations throughout the garden, providing versatility in design Over time, the flowers produced by these bulbs improve in quality, offering increasingly beautiful blooms each year.

This book on gardening offers valuable insights into planning an easily maintained garden, providing up-to-date information on new bulb varieties It serves as a comprehensive guide for beginner gardeners, highlighting essential advice and the best choices of bulbs specifically suited for small gardens.

3 Inexperienced gardeners are often told that they should a experiment with different plants. b ask their experienced neighbors for advice. c leam by visiting other gardens. d plant only a few types of plants.

Bulbs are a worthwhile investment for any garden, as they provide vibrant blooms throughout the summer and return year after year They are also an excellent learning opportunity for beginners, allowing them to gain gardening experience Additionally, bulbs enhance the beauty of surrounding plants, creating a more visually appealing landscape.

5 Some liUes and miniature daffodils are different from other bulbs because they a r e a particularly attractive in color. b difficult to grow successfully. c disappointing when they flower.

' I rare and very eye-catching.

DQ l Read the article below and put a cross on the letter next to the word that best fits each space.

School exams are, generally speaking, the first kind of tests we take They find out how much knowledge we have (1)

But do they really show how intelligent we are? After aU, isn't it a

(2) that some people who are very successful academically don't have any (3 ) sense? cA c ¿AC tixC

Intelligence is the speed (4) which we can inderstand and (5) to new situations and it is usually

Scientists are developing computer technology capable of interpreting our thoughts, yet IQ tests remain the most widely used method for measuring intelligence.

A person's IQ is their intelligence ( 8 ) it is measured by a special test The most common IQ test are (9) by Mensa, an organization that was founded in England in 1946 By 1976 it

^10) 1.300 members in Britain Today there are 44,000 in Britain and 100,000 worldwide, (1 1 ) in the US.

Individuals taking the tests are evaluated against an average score of 100, with those scoring above 148 qualifying for Mensa membership, which represents about 2% of the population The tests are open to anyone aged six and older, featuring straightforward questions that most people can answer if given sufficient time However, the main challenge lies in the time constraints imposed by the tests.

7 a at this age b for the present c at the time d now and then

12 a concern b relation c regard d association cá.c ltuyé*\ tí\C ít¿ t\íy

13 a adds up b turns to c comes up d works out

15 a reason b point c matter d question rv Fill in each gap in the passage belovằ' with one suitable word.

One night, while I was engrossed in a book, a stranger knocked on my door When I opened it, I was taken aback by a man wearing black spectacles and a tuxedo, which seemed quite odd for the warm climate He also carried a cane, and I couldn't shake the feeling that I had encountered him before, though the memory eluded me I asked him, "Can I help you?"

The man remained silent, directing his cane towards the backyard When I denied him access, he removed his glasses and shot me an intense glare Paralyzed by an inexplicable force, I was unable to move as he confidently strode toward the backyard As he brushed past me, a chilling sensation enveloped me, a feeling unlike anything I had ever experienced before.

I encountered a person with such power over me A sudden impulse to scream came (1 0 ) me, but no (1 1 ) came out of my mouth when I (12) to scream.

The man reappeared unexpectedly, holding a small white box, and I recognized him as the former owner of the house who had passed away years ago I recalled the rumor that he had buried his wife's ashes in a box in the backyard, which sent a chill down my spine This eerie encounter marked my only experience with the dead.

V Use the words to makes to make sentences.

1 When / we / get off / train / it / rain / heavily.

2 because / rain / we / have / take / taxi / hotel.

3 cars / buses / move / along slowly / because / weather / foggy.

4 while I / pick / things / he / ring / up for taxi / take me / station.

5 house nex door / quiet / owners / away / holiday.

6 now / she' dance / beautifully / than / used to.

7 how long take / her / get / school / every day?

8 Peter / wat / girlfriend / since 8 o’clock.

VI Rewriteeach sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning st^s the same.

1 You cam Itave only when I tell you.

2 She prefes Italian food to French food.

3 Sarah is btter at chemistry than Susan.

4 When is J>hn and Maiy's wedding?

When aire iAy} c 4 c iA i iA C

5 Most people can understand him when he speaks EnglisBi

The advantages and disadvantages o f living in the city.

L Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each senteaee.

1 The confidence trickster the old lady out of her life savings. a deceived c swindled b robbedl d misled

2 It was the brilliant forensic work of the pathologist that eventually to the arrest of the criminal. a produced c brought b led d resulted

3 The area considerable benefit from the setting up of a new factory. a derived c achieved b merited d earned

4 Do you think it's possible t o on nothing but fruit and vegetables? a eat c enjoy b m?ke d live

5 All their money is up in the new house they have bought. a connected c tied b trapped d limited iA yi cA c ¿AC t / \ i tcd txjy / ‘A ^vA

6 Although he shouted, his words w e re in the winid, a killed c stopped b lost d drowned

7 She has bought a n ew near the park. a accommodation c flat b housing d rental

8 As she has her own money she is of her parents. a independent c separate b alone d away

9 The cat was so frightened that it r a n the bed to Ihide. a beside c under b along d inside

10 Last simimer was so hot that th e in the wood actually dried up. a flood c bowl b bath d pond

11 I'm sorry we're late; it's all m y ! a fault c guilt b crime d wrong

12 When I was a child I always wanted to to play the piano. a know c make b learn d, discover

13 Mrs Miiih always out in a crowu because she woffe such large hats. a found c showed b looked d stood iAy> ¿AC

14 The man who lives opposite us sometimes com es for a cup o f coffee. a on c off b over d to

15 He wall do the work and then send you th e for it. a sum c bill b note d addition

16.1 put the money there if I didn't think it was safe. a, hadn't c didn't b wouldn't d oughtn't

17 She said she would come to the meeting she might be a little late. a even c whereas b although d unless

18 There is bad weather at tte airport, and a ll have been delayed. a journeys c times b flies d flights

19 He walked to t h e of the swimming pool and jumped in. a stiut c extent b side d, border

When I ask him for the money he owes me, he claims he will bring it in a few days However, I doubt he actually has the money at all.

In today's modern world, hunting and gathering for food is a rarity, as this ancient subsistence strategy has been practiced for over 2 million years Until the advent of rudimentary farming and the domestication of animals around 10,000 years ago, it was the sole means of food acquisition.

Hunter-gatherers have experienced significant declines in population compared to agricultural societies, leading them to inhabit marginal environments like deserts, forests, and arctic regions In higher latitudes, shorter growing seasons limit plant availability, increasing their reliance on hunting and fishing in coastal areas Conversely, the lush vegetation found in the lower latitudes of the tropics offers greater opportunities for gathering diverse plant resources.

In short, the envirormiental differences have restricted the diet and have limited possibilities for the development of subsistence societies.

Studying contemporary hunter-gatherers in regions like Africa and Alaska provides valuable insights into the lifestyles of our prehistoric ancestors These societies demonstrate a high degree of mobility, with communities camping in central locations while smaller groups forage for food nearby Additionally, we observe seasonal migration patterns and a clear division of labor among members, suggesting that these behaviors may mirror those of Paleolithic humans.

1 With whch of the following topics is the passage primarily concernid? a The Paleolithic period b Subsisterce farming c Hunter-githerers d Marginal environments

2 Which is he oldest subsistence strategy? a Migrating b Domestiating animals c Farming d Hunting aid gathering

3 When w a hunting and gathering introduced? a Ten milliai years ago b Two millón years ago c Ten thouand years ago d Two thoisand years ago

4 What conlitions exist in lower latitudes? a Greater d;pendence on hunting b More coats and waterways for fishing c A shorteigrowing season d A large \ariety o f plant life

To learn more about prehistoric hunter-gatherers, one can examine the remains of their camp sites, analyze contemporary societies with similar lifestyles, investigate the prehistoric environment, and even practice hunting and gathering techniques.

Hunter-gatherers exhibit several key characteristics, including seasonal mobility as they migrate in search of resources Responsibilities within these communities are shared equally between genders, promoting cooperation and teamwork When fatigue sets in, they establish temporary camps in central locations for rest Additionally, hunter-gatherer societies engage in numerous social celebrations, fostering community bonds and cultural practices.

Road rage, once a subject of humor, is now a serious and widespread issue As traffic jams slow down family cars, drivers of fast sports cars often find their tempers flaring Despite the high performance of their vehicles, they feel powerless in the face of congestion This frustration manifests as anger, highlighting the growing concern over aggressive driving behavior.

Many individuals experience a constant fear of losing control, particularly in high-stress situations like driving Concerns about the car failing to start, breaking down, or being involved in an accident can lead to heightened anxiety This anticipatory stress often escalates, leaving drivers on edge and ready to react explosively when faced with actual challenges on the road.

In fact, it's their very anxiety about losing control that

(11) them lose control. iăỵ} cA c líà c itiỹ ê * í íA í € ¿ ¿ 4 ^

“C c u y d tv iAyi cAc ¿AC iJvC

Not all offenders exhibit psychological issues or drive high-performance sports cars; rather, many are ordinary individuals with a history of violence There is an inherent aspect of our nature that surfaces when we start a car engine.

IV Fill im Qch gap in the passage below with one suitable word.

On April Fool's Day, mischievous Victor decided to play a trick on his form teacher, Miss Lin He secretly placed his pet mouse, Snoopy, in his pocket and brought it to school.

During a science lesson, Victor accidentally let Snoopy, a small mouse, loose in the classroom The mouse quickly scurried to the front, but initially went unnoticed by Miss Lin, who was focused on writing on the backboard However, the mouse soon made its presence known with a loud squeak Startled by the noise, Miss Lin turned around, and upon seeing the mouse, she screamed at the top of her lungs and jumped onto her table.

Miss Lin's frustrated inquiry, "Who brought this creature here?" went unnoticed amidst the uproar of laughter echoing through the classroom, where many students were laughing so hard that tears streamed down their faces Despite the chaos, Miss Lin remained distinctly unamused by the situation.

"If no one admits to playing this trick, I shall punish the whole (II) " she declared angrily.

When the class heard this threat, they (12) laughing. Everyone looked at Victor, expecting him to (13) up.

Victor, however, stared at the floor and did not say a (14)

1 This / most interesting story / 1 / ever read.

2 you / see / new James Bond film / last night?

3 she / go / university / next year / study English.

4 we / have / stop / play tennis / because it / start /rain.

5 Alice Hype / become / first Miss World / eighty five years ago. iAyj cAc Liu luy£*i iiv t J^\4\l\

6 you / nice / help me / my homework.

7 my father / look forward / hear about / results / my exams.

8 what / be / people / like / island?

1 Henry regretted buying the second-hand car.

2 Amanda finally managed to get a good job.

3 They have sold that old house at the end of the road.

4 "Don't bite your nails," said Mrs Rogers to her son.

5 Charles lives quite near his aunt's house.

"Time and tide wait fo r no man"

I I

1 Hello! Aviation Electronics? Could I speak to Mr Jones on

8183, please? a branch c system b extension d exchange

2 The accusation left him q u ite with rage. a dumb c mute b silent d speechless

3 As a result o f , the price of new cars has risen dramatically over the last few months. a escalation c distension b inflation d extension

4 They threw petrol on to the bonfire and the sudden lit up the whole garden. a flare c spark b twinkle d glow

5 This course no previous knowledge o f the subjectt. a assures c assumes b assigns d, assembles

6 He was very quick to assert his authority the younger children. a on c over b to d at

7 The lecture from prehistory to modem times and gave the audience much to think about. a covered c ranged b included d dealt

8 The boy's mother w as in by his lies. a drawn c pulled b taken d caught

9 I'll ju s t an eye over these figures before you type them. a cast c toss b fling d throw

10 He was always finding with his daughter's fiiends. a blame c mistake b lack d fault

11 W h at the smoke and the noise, the party made me feel quite ill. a because o f c owing to b with d though

12 If you in behaving in this way, you will bring yourself nothing but trouble. a react c decide b, continue d persist

13 His parent's hostile attitude him to leave home. a drove c urged h macte d suggested Ỉ A y ) C Á C é à £ ii\À - a ẻ t y t ỳ

14 m go on a diet if y o u a would c should b will d shall

15 If he tries t o ignorance as his excuse, just tell him we've got a copy of the authorization wdth his signature on it. a pretend c protest b defend d plead

16 me to phone them before I go out. a Remind c Mention b Remember d Make

17.1 wouldn't of going to a party I hadn't been invited to. a intend c rely b depend d dream

18 N orm an himself on his careful driving. a prides c comments b pleases d boasts

19 Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right of mind. a attitude c frame b trend d tendency

20 Her in her work is very interesting. a attention c thought b interest d concern n Read the passage and then choose one answer for each of the following questions:

The 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties, followed the upheaval of World War I and is considered one of the most vibrant decades in U.S history This era was also referred to as the Jazz Age, reflecting the cultural and social dynamism of the time.

Dollar Decade Whatever the label, this era brought economic growth, rüsing wealth, and lasting social and political changes.

In the 1920s, the U.S economy experienced significant growth, leading to soaring business profits and a higher standard of living for many Americans Over a decade, national income surged by more than 40%, largely due to the adoption of labor-saving machinery that enabled workers to produce goods more efficiently and at a lower cost.

During a period of newfound wealth, Americans were urged to spend on consumer goods, making it possible for even low-income families to purchase automobiles The availability of credit enabled millions to acquire luxury items like refrigerators and washing machines Additionally, the allure of substantial profits led many to invest in the stock market, often using borrowed funds.

The obsession with profits and consumption ultimately led to the decline of the Dollar Decade's prosperity Politicians and the American public regarded business as the cornerstone of society, fostering the belief that the economy could self-regulate without government intervention However, by 1929, the U.S economy faced significant challenges, culminating in the devastating stock market crash on October 29, which shattered the illusion of prosperity.

1 What is the main topic of this passage? a A coloirful era in U.S history b The tuirmoii of World War I c The nicknames o f various decades d Lasting social and political changes

According to the passage, the significant increase in U.S national income during the 1920s can be attributed mainly to the use of labor- and cost-saving equipment This technological advancement contributed to a stable economy, which ultimately enhanced productivity and economic growth.

Many Americans financed their luxury purchases primarily through credit options This included borrowing money on credit and utilizing available credit resources, allowing them to indulge in high-end items without immediate cash on hand.

4 It can be inferred that the 1920's were nicknamed the Dollar

Decade because o f a a failing standard of living b preoccupation with making money and consuming c the introduction of washing machines and refrigerators d restricted access to credit

In line 19, the author employs the phrase "the illusion of prosperity" to imply that the economy was in worse shape than widely perceived.

The stock crash of 1929 can be attributed primarily to a lack of government control over credit, which contributed to an unstable financial environment Additionally, widespread discontent with the greed and excesses of the 1920s played a significant role in the market's decline This combination of factors ultimately led to a loss of investor confidence and a dramatic downturn in stock prices.

Look on the bright side

Do youi ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always (1) to be successful? Having someone around who alw ays (2) the worst isn't really a lot o f

We all know someone who, despite a bright sunny day, spots a single cloud and immediately predicts rain If you find yourself having similar thoughts, it's crucial to take action and shift your perspective.

You cam change your view of life , (6) to psychologists.

With just a small effort, you can make life significantly more rewarding Optimism is not only linked to self-respect and confidence, but it also represents a more positive perspective on life and its experiences Those who embrace optimism tend to be more resilient and open to opportunities.

Upbringing plays a crucial role in shaping how individuals perceive the world and respond to challenges Those raised to depend excessively on others often find themselves blaming external factors for their failures In contrast, optimists typically grow up with a mindset that views failure as a stepping stone rather than a dead end, allowing them to move forward and embrace new opportunities.

3 a amusement b play c enjoyment d fun iA y ô ic iiiC ¿u^4*v iA t

15 a get up b get on c get out d get over rV Fill each gap in the passage below with one suitable word.

Charles Dickens, the renowned author of classics like Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, was born into poverty His father was perpetually in debt, and when Charles was just twelve, he was sent to prison for failing to repay those debts This forced young Charles to work in a grim factory, a painful experience that haunted him throughout his successful writing career David Copperfield reflects Dickens's own struggles during this period, with the character Mr Micawber serving as a representation of Dickens's father, known for his reckless spending habits.

Charles Dickens, shaped by his humble beginnings, never forgot the struggles of poverty He consistently advocated for the orphaned and destitute, using his literary work to raise public awareness about their hardships By the time of his death in 1870, Dickens had established himself as a highly respected writer, and to this day, many consider him the greatest of English novelists.

1 That / hotel / where / 1 / stay / during my last holiday.

2 Peter / look for / better job / because / not earn much at the moment.

3 1 / look / everywhere / but / couldn’t find / keys.

4 newly-built road / already become / one of / busy / motorways / in / country.

5 he / bom / Russia / but / live / with father / America / now.

6 Buckingham Place / one of / two famous addresses / London.

7 little boy / study medicine / class of 20-year-old students / New York University.

8 He / want / become / doctor / before / he / 17 years old.

1 I'm having a lot of trouble now because 1 lost my passport last week.

2 When the police caught him, he was climbing over the garden wall.

The police caught iAy) iiu tc£t\ ¿¿U

L ChoQse the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.

1 The biologist admitted excessive numbers of animals in laboratory tests. a using c being used b to use d used

2 adequate precautions are taken, there is no risk involved ir the operation. a Although c Nevertheless b Providing d Even

3 Nothing can grow in this poor alkaline a land c soil b earth d ground

4 Italy is the south of France a n d the south of Europe. a of / into b to / in

5 Our house sill remains in a good corditions b good cordition c in / to d on / to after the cyclone. c good state d the good condition cA c L ac il-ii

6 That motorbike of hers is still i n a good state c a good state b the good state d some taste

7 This is the biggest exhibition held in Ho Chi Minh City. a so far c up to now b never d ever

8 America as well as Japan, England, France, Germany a are developed countries c is a developed cbuntry b are developing countries d is a developing country

9 We propose that h e early. a starts c started b will start d start

10 Not once his promises. a he is keeping c did he keep b he keeps d has he kept

11 Hotel rooms must b e by 10 a.m, but luggage may be left with the porter. a vacated c abandoned b evacuated d left

12 We are a l l by the thief s disguise. a taken back c take dov.'n b taken through d taken in

13 To all intents a n d , the estimates are ideritical. a, meaning c, concepts b dealing d purposes

The insurance agent suggested that the 20-year policy could be a valuable investment, especially if you plan to cash it in within the first ten years.

15 Some action groups have become so powerful that quite fi-equently we have a situation in which the tail wags the a cat c legs b body d dog

16 In I must acknowledge that we were guilty of errors of judgment. a hindsight c experience b review d retrospect

17 The supervisor's job is t o the work of his particular department. a overlook c oversee b overrun d overview

18 The employee's departure was hastened when he was caught with his hands in th e a register c accounts b till d books

19 In fact, the criminal w as from the country before extradition proceedings could be started. a interned c deported b exported d barred

20 It tends to whenever I take my foot off the clutch, whether I’m in gear or not. a stumble c stall b pause d crawl iA yi cA c ¿A c

Smoking-related diseases pose a significant health challenge, with doctors estimating that the annual medical costs for conditions such as lung cancer and heart disease range between £12 million and £35 million.

And smoking costs society money in other ways Between 21 and

Each year, businesses incur a staggering cost of £61 billion due to employee sick days, which includes lost wages and decreased productivity This significant expenditure highlights the financial impact of absenteeism on companies, emphasizing the importance of employee health and wellness initiatives.

The financial impact of cancer-related deaths among young individuals is significant, as it results in lost wages and tax contributions Notably, smoking, which is responsible for approximately 1,500 fatalities and 4,000 injuries annually, is not accounted for in this statistic The economic burden of smoking in the UK ranges from £110 to £250 per person each year due to lost productivity Additionally, when considering insurance costs, the total expense rises to between £160 and £410 annually per individual If smoking were to cease entirely, a family of four could potentially save up to £1,640 each year.

Smoking leads to various health issues, ultimately shortening lifespan Non-smokers tend to live longer, which means they may rely on government support in their later years However, their extended working years contribute to higher tax revenues, benefiting the economy.

In the end, the value o f a non-smoking nation is not in pounds The good health of the people is the true value for us all.

1 If everyone stopped smoking, all the United Kingdotn a would have more money b would live longer c would have less money d would have no more problems iAy> cA c i£4i4\< y

2 Every year companies lose because of the diseases connected to smoking. a money b work c wages d time

3 If everjone stopped smoking, a family o f four could have

more each year. a from 1 If pounds to 260 pounds b from 1,540 to 1,430 pounds c from 16^ pounds to 410 pounds d 1,640 pcunds

4 The truevalue for the UK of not smoking i s a more wcrking b more taies c good heilth d more mmey

5 This tex is about a taxes -wlich are not paid by smokers b d iseases that smokers get c h o w muih sm oking costs the UK d h o w Enich the UK get i f everyone stopped sm oking

III Readthe article below and put a cross on the letter next to the wordrhat best fits each space.

The latet addiction to trap thousands of people is the Internet, which hasbeen (1) for broken relationships, job losses,

Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) is increasingly recognized by psychologists as a serious condition that can lead to financial ruin and even suicide This new illness poses significant challenges and can devastate lives To address this issue, special support groups have been established to provide assistance and help for those affected.

Psychologists have documented numerous cases of severe internet addiction, including a man who tragically took his own life after spending over £14,000 on his addiction, and a teenager who required psychiatric treatment for his excessive 12-hour daily internet usage An expert in behavioral addiction from Nottingham Trent University emphasized that this illness is serious and should not be overlooked He noted that these individuals are not inherently sad or suffering from severe personality disorders; rather, they were functioning well before becoming ensnared by the internet.

Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) shares similarities with issues like gambling, smoking, and drinking, as addicts often dream about the Internet and feel compelled to use it first thing in the morning Many users frequently lie to their partners about the amount of time they spend online and express a desire to cut down their usage, yet find themselves unable to do so A recent study revealed that numerous users dedicate up to 40 hours a week to Internet activities When they attempt to stop, they often experience feelings of guilt and depression.

Addiction can affect a wide range of individuals, including teenagers who struggle to resist online computer games Interestingly, psychologists have found that a significant number of victims are actually middle-aged housewives with little to no prior experience using computers.

4 a worrying b faulted b affect b suggest b worried c mistaken d accused c take d cause c recommend 3 advisó c disappointing d disappointed tAyy ii\i- {¿^4X4^

15 a promise b feel c say d object rV FiU in each gap in the passage below with one suitable word.

Almost a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog The doctor humorously remarked, “It must have fancied your nice white flesh,” while treating her wound Despite the incident, Andrea and her husband Nigel were determined not to let it ruin their holiday and soon forgot about the dog, which had since vanished from the area.

“‘We didn’t realize there was (8) wrong with it”, says Nigel It was such a small, likeable dog that rabies

Six weeks after a rabid dog attacked her, 23-year-old Andirea tragically passed away Despite showing classic symptoms of rabies, such as an inability to drink and difficulty breathing, her initial diagnosis was dismissed as hysteria by her doctor Even as she was transported to the hospital, hallucinating and terrified of water, she was directed to a mental health facility instead of receiving the urgent care she needed.

Despite receiving minimal attention during her life, her symptoms garnered significant publicity after her death, bordering on hysteria Although cases like Andrea's are uncommon, rabies remains one of the most dreaded diseases for humans, transmitted through bites or even licks from infected animals.

It can, in very (20) circumstances, be irihaled-two scientists died of it after inhaling bat dung in a cave in Texas.

1 1 / be / very surprised / get / letter.

2 1 / not know / you arrive back / England.

3 You have good time / New York?

4 1 / look forward / hear / all about it.

5 Thank you / invite / me / dinner next weekend.

6 1 / be afraid / not able / come / Saturday.

7 But I / be / free / follovwing weekend.

15 Why / you call me / next few days?

1 It's a pity that you wrote that letter.

2 His passport was nowhere to be found.

3 She admitted that she had taken the necklace.

4 I'll find that man, no matter how long it takes.

5 My income does not enable me to meet all my financial commitments.

1 Finding the money is just one o f the problems in buying a house. a gathered c joined b united d involved

2 Modem building should with the surrounding area. a suit c blend b fit d match

3 John h as painting since he retired. a taken up c taken over b taken off d taken in

4 The built onto the back of the house provided valuable extra space. a extension c expansior b enlargement d developnent

5 The students' room was so untidy that it looked like a a chicken-coop c pigsty b cowshed d monkey touse

6 a flat with someone is cheaper than livhg oti your own, a Dividing c Sharing b Cutting d Decoratiig iAy^ cAc^ ¿AC

I The thief was to six months’ imprisonment. a given c sent b alloweil d sentenced

8 If you w a n t a g*od flat in London, you have to pay through the ib r it a mouth c clip b ear d nose

9 The ceremony vas brought to a(n) by the singing of the riationalarthem. a close c end b meeting d a and c are correct

10 Jerry once pla/ed a mean trick on John, and now wants to get vith him. a into c out b even d off

I I Tasty Mix Treat, with milk, tastes so good that children will be clamoring for more. a blended c to blend b was blendec d blending

To resist corrosion and prevent damage from road salts, gravel, and other materials, new coatings have been developed for today's vehicles.

13 to Easter Egg Rock is tiring, yet stimulating. a AU-day trip c When boating all day b An all-day boat trip d Now that all day iAyĂ củc ớfu- iớ\¿ ii¿ n ^

14 After the oil embargo, no longer gas-guzzling cars as the cost of gasoline increased. a people could afford c could people afford b that people could afford d could afford

Yuen T Lee was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his groundbreaking work in crossed molecular beam reactions His innovative contributions significantly advanced the field, showcasing the excellence of his research Lee's molecular beam theory is recognized as a historical milestone, marking a pivotal moment in the study of chemical reactions.

16 Not until the Enlighteimieni 200 years ago th e state's power to kill. a the societies seriously questioned b questioned seriously by societies c questioned by societies seriously d did societies seriously question

17 The electronic violin ought to be better than existing modem instruments, the intermodulation distortion is virtually eliminated. a or c also b due d since

The Louisiana Purchase, made in 1803, was one of the most significant events in the expansion of the United States This acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France greatly contributed to the nation's growth and development.

19- Ancient mountains have worn away by rain, wind, a n d a with agents of erosion c for agents of erosion b other agents o f erosion d to other agents of erosion

20, In China, acupuncture is used as an anesthesia, permitting patients to have major surgery a while fully conscious b what is fixlly conscious c that fully consciousness d which is fully conscious

II Read the passage and then choose one answ er for each of the following questions:

L Choose th e w ord o r phrase (a, b, c o r d) which best com pletes each sentence.

1 If people are dissatisfied, they will complain What else can you

? a wait for c cope with b expect d hope

2 Medicine is a profession; street-cleaning is simply a a trade c job b skill d task

3 To qualify as a doctor, you'll need to spend years studying. a few c various b several d a lot

4 The reason most of us work is to money. a win c become b gain d earn

5 Mozart composed music when he was just a child He had a g reat for it. a s k i l l c g if t b ability d force

6 peter is a public relations officer He says it is an interesting a work c trade b job d office ì A ỵì các ¿AC Ituýệtx iA í tìẩtvỳỵ^\4\í\

7 It took him tA v o years to write his bool a entire c all b complete d whole

8 Public figures, such as actors, are often reluctant 0 talk abourt ữieir lives. a personal c particular b private d individual

9 Anna wanted to buy a dress when she was in Engạnd, but shte didn't know her. a cut c height b waist d size

10 This suitcase is very heavy Will y o u it fcr me please;? a bear c heave b put d carry

11 John and I agreed to meet at ten, and h e ne by aboutt ten minutes. a prevented c advanced b preceded d overcame

12 The police, who w ere the crime couldfind no clmes at all. a probing c researching b investigating d inquiring

13 It is a great to be able to speak foreigi l^guages. a receipt c benefit b profit d advantage

14 There is a compulsory, limit of 70 m.p.i on Britishi roads. a drive c speed b velocity d rate c A4:- ¿ A c tlxC ic^Uxô^ y\f\ly

15 Anna expected to get high marks, but in fact she failed She was very a deceived c disillusioned b disappointed d deluded

16 You are n o t to take very much currency out of the country with you. a delivered c let b allowed d left.

17 There are crimes of violence in rural than urban areas. a fewer c less b few d least

18 He never stops talking about himself, he's really to listen to. a annoyed c difficult b heavy d boring

19.1 drinking coffee in the evening, so it doesn't keep me awake. a used to c am used to b have besn d accustomed to

20 If you bring luxury goods into the country, you must pay on them. a duty c toll b tax d fees

II Read th e passage and then choose one answ er fo r each of the followingquestions:

As more women in the United States advance in their careers, solo business trips are becoming increasingly common To ease this transition, it's beneficial for married women to encourage their husbands and children to learn simple cooking skills while they're away, enhancing family dynamics When dining alone, opt for quality restaurants to improve your overall experience and digestion; consider calling ahead to inform them of your solo status for better service Additionally, anticipate your travel needs by packing lightweight luggage for easy management, and include a folding case for dirty clothes and unnecessary documents Lastly, use a briefcase to keep essential papers organized during your trip.

Obviously, experience helps, but you can make things easier on yourself from the first by careful planning, so that right from the start you can really have a-good trip!

The author's intended audience primarily includes working women who have limited time for cooking, as well as their husbands and children who may benefit from quick meal solutions Additionally, the article addresses working women who travel frequently and hotel personnel responsible for catering to their needs, emphasizing the importance of convenient dining options for this demographic.

The passage suggests that a higher percentage of women in the U.S are experiencing professional advancement compared to previous years It also implies that professional men are hesitant to travel for business with their female colleagues.

*■ ' , 1 1 11 — c Each year there are more female tourists in the United States. d Business women become successful by showing a willingness to travel alone.

The author advises married women to focus on fostering happiness within their family while also encouraging them to develop self-sufficiency in the kitchen By suggesting that families learn to prepare food together, including taking gourmet cooking classes, the author emphasizes the importance of shared experiences and skills that can enhance family bonding and enjoyment.

Frequent travelers often prefer better restaurants because they typically offer healthier food options and provide superior dining experiences with comfortable tables Additionally, the ability to call ahead for reservations enhances convenience, ensuring a smoother dining experience Moreover, these establishments often foster a social atmosphere, allowing travelers to enjoy meals without the discomfort of dining alone.

Lightweight luggage is essential for the traveling businesswoman as it offers ample space for dirty clothes while ensuring easy mobility Additionally, it can serve a dual purpose as a briefcase, making it convenient for professional settings Moreover, lightweight luggage is typically spacious enough to accommodate all necessary business documents, enhancing organization and efficiency during travel.

III R ead th e article below an d p u t a cross on the letter next to the w ord th a t best fits each space.

The latest production at the Playhouse is a modern adaptation of Molière's classic play, Le Misanthrope, originally written in 1666 Molière masterfully explores human nature, crafting a diverse array of comedic scenes and situations While many directors have previously emphasized the serious themes of the play, director Jack Long has chosen to maintain a light and humorous tone throughout the performance.

Peter Fowler portrays Alceste, a character who lacks sensitivity to others' emotions and refuses to engage in the small lies that are often necessary in society His disregard for social niceties leads him to unintentionally hurt those around him While one might feel sympathy for Alceste due to his extreme honesty, Fowler's performance ultimately renders him a somewhat ridiculous figure.

Philinte, portrayed by Sam Kirby, emerges as a deeply sympathetic character in the performance, while Amanda Carter's Celimene serves as the romantic interest, ultimately striving to persuade him to embrace change.

The Misanthropist is on every night for the next three weeks (15) Sundays.

4 a direct b grow s b selected b angle b directive c expands c tended c view c direction d leaned d edge d director

'C iuyéty iAy> CÁ*> éA¿ ¿my á ty ii\¿ (¿¿4vy

IV FU1 in each gap in the passage below with one suitable word.

The central plains of North America, located between the Rocky Mountains and Chicago, served as the homeland for the nomadic Plains Indians, including the Sioux, who were once divided into three groups They lived in tepees made from up to 25 buffalo hides and frequently relocated to follow vast herds and find fresh grass for their horses The buffalo provided essential resources, including meat for food, hides for clothing and bedding, and bladders for storing water Training began early for Indian children, with boys practicing with blunt bows and arrows and girls learning domestic skills, blurring the lines between work and play.

The Sioux, a warrior tribe, fought to secure favorable campsites and hunting grounds, while whites claimed land that was sacred to them as spiritual people In 1876, a combined force of Sioux and Cheyenne achieved a significant victory against the US army at the Battle of Little Bighorn, where five companies under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer were destroyed, resulting in Custer's death from a bullet in the head and another in the chest.

V Use th e w ords to ô a k e sentm ces.

1 1/ angry / myself / make / such / stupid / mistake.

2 We / spend / least / weeks / do / experiment / next.

3 Advantage / live / alone / that / you / do / what / like.

4 There / panic / people / realize / building / be / fire.

5 Accident / my / fault / so / to pay / damage.

6; Some / the / leadeii^/ seventy reach / peak / careers.

7 Soon / as / sister / see / mouse / jump / chair.

8 Browns / leave / London / New York / by / end / this / month.

9 Results / investigation / publish / newspaper / as possible.

10 1 / just / finish / read / book / human civilizations. ciic LA c /-\* v lx

VI Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so th at the meaning stays the same.

1 I’m certainly not going to give you any more money.

2 Their chances of success are small.

3 It’s thought that the accident was caused by human error.

4 The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.

5 Under no circumstance should you phone the policed.

The invention you consider the most useful to mankind.

L Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which iest completes each sentence.

1 Some vandal h a d his name on the table with a pin. a scrawled b scribbled c carved d scratched

2 The boy's excuse for stealing food was that hungr, had

him to it. a led c urged b driven d spurred

3 As they had only one loaf left, they decided t o it among the group. a contribute c add b give d share

4 Too many people are in th e of writing ally things in public places. a habit c use b custom d fashion

5 Could I have a copy of th e issue of the lliB§trated

News, please? a later c recent b latest d neatest iAyy CAC ¿¿ic {IvC tC£4\(y J^\*\l\,

6 I'm sorry, I hayem't got a single copy a available c free b current d left

7 The boys who write 'Manchester United rules, OK'?' believe their football - is the best in the world. a gang c froop

8 I'm very depressed I've ju s t an income tax demand. a accepted c acquired b received d taken in

9 The person who an examination is supposed to see that nobody tries to cheat. a dominates c leads b rules d supervises

10 The departure of flight number BE 456 is delayed the late arrival of the incoming aircraft. a by means of c in the event of b because of d in case of

11 If you are really against smoking you should b e and stop buying cigars as birthday prevents. a consequent c logical b consistent d following

12.1 fe e l sleepy that I think ITl turn in now. a that c so b too d veiy

13 Are you going home right away? In th a t , I wonder if you could g i v e me a lift? a chance c fall b even d case cAc LiU- ttv i

14.1 read a very good of the film that’s oi at the locail cinema this week. a comment c criticism b critic d review

15 It’s very annoying when people get up and leave in the of the film. a center c middle b hub d mid

16 She’s studying English at the University, but she doesn’t all the lectures. a visit c do b frequent d attend

17 There’s a lot of ice on the roads today If you’re traveling by car, be careful you don’t a slip c skid b slide d slope

18 According to the electric writing code, brown is ,, blue is neutral and greeit-and-white is the earth. a alive c active b lively d live

19 We to announce a fiirther delay in tte departure of flight BE 456. a apologize c grieve b mourn d regret

2 0 1 do wish people w ould defacing pubic mpniiinents! a leave c stop b prevent d give out ô t p ¿ A t lu^i4\- (¿¿n^ n R ead the passage and th en choose one an sw er fo r each o f the following questions:

Between six and nine months, babies begin to grasp basic geometric concepts, understanding three-dimensional space as they reach for various objects From nine to fifteen months, they form ideas about sets and numbers However, a significant change occurs as their brain's nerve fibers develop, allowing them to perceive sounds more precisely and acquire language, which connects them to adult communication Unfortunately, this exposure often leads to the adoption of societal beliefs and misconceptions about mathematics, overshadowing their early intuitive understanding Despite this, children retain some memory of their foundational knowledge in geometry and numbers, with the greatest potential for mathematical talent found in two-year-olds who have just become fluent in speech.

1 What does the passage mainly discuss? a The impact o f language on mathematics b Children’s ability to leam language c How basic concepts o f physical are learned.

Engaging in activities that involve picking up a wooden block can effectively teach a baby about geometry This hands-on experience allows infants to explore shapes, sizes, and spatial relationships, fostering their understanding of geometric concepts.

3 According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to leam about sets and numbers? a Six months b Nine months c Fifteen months d Eighteen months

4 The use of the word “ominous” shows that the author believes the child’s , a linguistic fiiture is threatened b nerves will deteriorate c hearing will suffer d mathematical ability wall decline

The passage suggests that early language concepts may hinder mathematical reasoning, indicating that preschool education should emphasize the integration of language and mathematical understanding It also implies that there is potential for improvement rather than hopelessness in addressing these educational challenges.

6 The author's attitude toward early childhood e^ỹcọiiửn can best be described as somewhat a indifferent b compromising iAy) cAc- il\i it^4\^ c indulgent d cynical

III Read the article below and p u t a cross on the letter next to the w ord th a t best fits each space.

The doctor quickly determined that I needed an immediate appendectomy to prevent any complications They operated on me right away, but I'm feeling relatively well and recovering steadily The doctors estimate that it will take about a week for me to fully recover from the operation.

I’m in quite a large ward with about 20 other people, and

(6) I would (7 ) to be somewhere a bit smaller, we all (8) with each other quite well.

I find it quite dull here, as there’s nothing to do They say I shouldn’t get up unless absolutely necessary, which means I can't even access the TV room Unfortunately, I haven't had the chance to enjoy any entertainment.

(1 1 ) to get home before coming in, so I haven't got any money (1 2 ) I'm sure one o f the nvirses would probably

(1 3 ) me enough to buy a paper I'd (1 4 ) not ask as I'd (15) it a bit embarrassing.

To enhance your vocabulary and communication skills, it's important to learn how to avoid dangerous situations and serious misunderstandings Focus on getting through challenges rather than getting down, as this can lead to better outcomes Despite difficulties, you should prefer to get along with others and seek finer solutions It's crucial to block negative thoughts and avoid distractions, allowing you to get by in tough times Remember, wanting more from life means you should strive to get over obstacles and improve your circumstances.

IAy} cAc- tiU iiC4^4*y i i \ i i£d*\iy

15 a feel b see c boring c mustn’t c occasion c Unless c borrow c prefer c think d entertaining d don’t need t d permission d Even thougl d;debt d want d find

What kind of food will we be eating in the year 2000? Most people, when asked this question, have varying opinions.

Many people express concerns about the future of the world's food supplies, fearing there may not be enough protein available While this pessimism is prevalent, not all experts share this outlook Despite the rapid growth of the global population, food production is keeping pace, even in developing countries Additionally, cultivation methods are evolving, though challenges remain in equitable food distribution If we can address these issues, there is potential for a more optimistic future regarding food security.

(1 3 ) overcommg the (1 4 ) of distribution we may still find (15) having to change our diet.

1 Police / say / no / connection / two murders.

2 Director / ill / so / deputy / speech / instead of.

4 Not see / picture / our city / as / look 100 years.

5 It / age / 14 / Jack London / leave school / sailor.

6 You / know / interested / buy / hand / car?

7 stand / plane / doctor / goodbye / everybody / airport.

8 John / show / hotel / stay / vacation.

9 Advantage / have / car / that / rely / public transport.

10 Mother / still / hospital / out / danger.

VI R ew rite each sentence, beginning as shown, so th a t the m eaning stays th e same.

1 It was only when I felt home that I realized how much my father meant to me.

2 My father finds maps hard to follow.

“Cuyộặx ớậỊữ ôic èĂC iuỶệ*i ớl\À

3 Customs officials are stopping more ừavelers thín usual tìiis week.

4 1 dislike it when people criticize me unfairly , ^

5 He speaks more persuasively ứian his brother.

I Choose the word or p h rase (a, b, c o r d) which best completes each sentence.

1 The car burs; into but the driver managed to escape. a fire c heat b burning d flames

2 ten minutes o f the start of the game two players had been sent oif. a Before c Around b Inside d Within

3 It is a great that the exhibition was cancelled at the last minute after all your work. a pity c complaint b sorrow d sadness

4 We have agreed the need for firm action. a on c in b for d at

5 You'll have to hurry because th e train leaves in ten minutes. a latter c latest b last d least

6 I was pleased to see how she looked after her recent illness. a right c well b pleasant d nice iAy} CÁC- 6ỏc ¿ctcfộft iivc (c¿ằ%^

7 1 don't know him but he looks as i f h e be her brother. a can c would b could d shall

8 It tasted s o o f lemon that the other flavors were tost. a hardly c strongly b forcefully d fully

9 I think he i s his time looking for a j6 there; they are not taking any staff on at present. a wasting c spending b losing d missing

10.1 don't to see her again until next Tuesday. a think c attend b wait d expect

11 In the left-hand comer of the picture here is a white mark. a up c front b high d top

12 How old do you have to b e you can frive a car. a when c until b before d since

13 Let us know as soon as possible so that we can start arrangements. a having c making b doing d fixing

14 The weather was warm and pleasant w ith a gentle vivind to cool us down. a but c almost b just d nearly iAy) cA^ LAi ¿ciy^ 4\ ilyX- /^ \tU \

15 Trade Union officials and managements met today to discuss th e at the factory. a strike c block b closing d shutting

16.1 think you'd better before they return. a be gone c be going b being gone d to be gone

17 A new study group has b een by the United Nations. a put up c set up b put on d set on

18 The hardest thing I to do was to look after some children for a week. a had never c yet have b have ever had d have always had

19 This meat is rather tough; you have to it for a long time. a chew c eat b bite d swallow

20 He was not very pleased about called an incompetent idiot. a being c to be b was d had been

II R ead the passage an d then choose one an sw er fo r each o f th e following questions:

Sound travels to our ears through fluctuations in air pressure, resembling the crests and troughs of ocean waves To reduce sound exposure, one effective method is using ear plugs, while another approach involves using anti-sound technology to cancel out unwanted noise.

Engineers have developed a noisemaker controlled by a microprocessor that generates sound waves precisely half a wavelength out of phase with the unwanted noise, effectively matching each crest of the noise with a trough of the anti-sound After recording the disruptive sound, the microprocessor calculates the necessary amplitude and wavelength to create sound waves that will cancel out the noise This information is used to produce an amplified electric current sent to a loudspeaker, which emits anti-sound to eliminate the noise If the anti-sound becomes out of sync, a microphone detects the residual sound and relays it back to the microprocessor, which adjusts the phase of the anti-sound to achieve complete cancellation.

1 What is the main purpose of the passage? a To discuss a physical handicap b To warn about a growing danger c To describe tiie structure of the ear d To report on a new invention

2 The passage compares sound t o . a the rising and falling o f water in the ocean b the crests and valleys o f mountain ranges c a flag waving in the air d a machine for gauging air pressure

The article explores various strategies to manage offensive noise, including diverting attention away from it, masking it with a louder sound, electronically canceling it, or eliminating its source altogether.

4 One of the functions of the microprocessor described in the passage is to • • • • a produce musical sounds b monitor sound patterns c record different kinds o f noise d increase the volume o f leftover sounds

5 The microprocessor described in the passage will probably be used for a composing music b repairing alarm systems c eliminating engine noises d intensifying fog warning sounds

6 The researchers mentioned in the passage are concerned about unwanted noise because it c a n - a cause deafhess b create hazardous working conditions c influence ocean waves d damage loud speakers and sound equipment

7 According paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss _ a Ship’s crew b Research engineers c people with insomnia d Engine repair teams iA-y) cAc iA i

X R ead the passage and choose the best ansi^w.

Over the last 600 years, English has evolved from a language spoken by a small number of people to the leading language of international communication The form of English we recognize today began to take shape around this time.

After the Norman invasion of 1066, English incorporated numerous French elements, particularly by 1350 Until the 1600s, English was primarily spoken in England, but over the next two centuries, it began to spread globally through colonization Small enclaves of English speakers were established in various regions, and as these communities grew, English gradually emerged as the dominant language for international business, banking, and diplomacy.

Approximately 80 percent of the information stored on global computer systems is in English, which also accounts for two-thirds of the world's scientific literature English serves as the primary language in technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic control Currently, there are over 700 million English users worldwide, with more than half being non-native speakers, making it the most widely spoken second language globally.

The main topic of this passage focuses on the expansion of English as an international language, highlighting its growing significance in global communication, science, and technology.

2 English as we know it today appeared a 600 years ago ^ b Around 1350. iAy} cAc^ LeU- il\¿ €¿¿ty^ y \4 \í\ c In 1066. d After 1600.

3 Approximately wlen did English begin to be used beyond

England? a in 1066. b Around 1350. c Before the 1600s. d After the 1600s.

4 According to the ptssage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world EXCEPT a the slave trade. b the Normal invasion. c missionaries. d colonization.

1 They can't their son's rudeness any longer. a release c torment b ignore d suffer

2 The Russians have in controlling urban growth. a managed c succeeded b attempted d achieved

3 The fellow laughed silently to himself at the trick he had a caused c performed b played d made

4 The robbers the cash and escaped in a stolen car. a seized c emerged b captured d ceased

5 She gave me som e advice I'll certainly follow it. a false c deep b mean d sound

6 Most world languages have contributed some words to English at some time, and the process is now b ein g a opposite c contrast b reveBed d contrary iA y} cA c ifU - iu4yS*\- iA c

I I felt m o st when they made me sit at a little table at the back. a confusing c insulted b shameful d headache

8 He has a big farm and a modem c a r a villa in France. a without speaking c in addition with b.as well d not to mention

9 T he population o f Ho Chi Minh City is about 5 million. a presence c steady b nowadays d current.

10 Every ste p to improve the living conditions in these slums only attract more migrants. a taken c matching b held d moving

II The lecture series naturally into three parts. a consist c falls b divide d is composed of

12 The constmction of the modem airport i s a being progress c in plan b working out d under way

13 Three of those we invited to the party d id n 't a set off c show up b see off d stay up

14.Henry is the b o y I know is dependable. a who c why b whom d when tA y} c a c i(U

15 It was at Ba Dinh Square President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration o f Independence. a where c when b which d that

16 If I to your dinner party last night, I would be very tired now. a would go c had gone b would have gone d went

17 Is it necessary that I here tomorrow? a were c be b am being d would be

18 Where ; all this morning? It's nearly midday. a have you been c were you being b were you d would be

19 He was unlucky when he fell off the ladder He himself. a had hurt c must have hurt b should have hurt d could have hurt

20 One person seven in the world speaks perfect English. a from c for among b within d out of

In 1905, Hollywood was a quiet town in Southern California, characterized by a few houses and businesses along Hollywood Boulevard Its landscape and ambiance resembled those of typical country towns in the Midwest The area was shaped by its founding father, a real estate developer.

Harvey Wilcox aimed to develop neighborhoods that provided a tranquil environment for middle-class families As a passionate prohibitionist, he sought to establish a community that was free from alcohol and other undesirable influences.

Wilcox's potential success was overshadowed by the interest of Eastern movie companies in the area's natural lighting and picturesque hills, perfect for the burgeoning western genre In 1911, the Centaur Film Company from New Jersey became the first to establish a presence in Hollywood by setting up Nestor Studio at the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower Street This was quickly followed by other studios such as Lanky, Universal, and Eclair, all of which also established their studios along Sunset Boulevard.

Hollywood became a magnet for the film industry, with picturesque hotels that catered to movie stars Local residents were often dismayed by the unconventional lifestyles of these "picture people" and the changes they brought to the community Despite their concerns, by 1912, film companies were flocking to Hollywood in large numbers, signaling a permanent shift in the area.

1 What is the best little for this passage? a Studios o f Hollywood b The Midwest comes to Hollywood c The transformation of Hollywood d Hollywood's Founding Father

In line 5, the author employs the term "prohibitionist" to suggest that Wilcox was against alcohol use.

Wilcox's intentions regarding Hollywood suggest that he never intended for his town to be overtaken by studios, indicating a desire to maintain its character While he may have aspired to create a middle-class environment in Hollywood, it can be inferred that he ultimately chose not to reside there, possibly to preserve his vision for the community His interests in filmmaking, particularly in westerns, reflect his creative ambitions, yet his priorities seemed to focus more on the town's integrity than on personal success in the film industry.

4 According to the passage Eastern studios were attracted to

Southern California by its • a peacefiil atmosphere b lighting and landscape c alcohol-free environment d cheap property value

5 In line 16, what does the word "they" refer to? a picture people b movie companies c local residents d real estate developers

Hollywood became a magnet for filmmakers and industry professionals due to its prominent location in Los Angeles, its tolerance for diverse lifestyles, the availability of desirable accommodations, and its active pursuit of the movie business.

A property expert, once considered to have a promising future, was sentenced to five years in prison due to his involvement with a mysterious and alluring woman.

Kevin Rogers, 39, of Hurst Road, Horsham, Sussex, was employed by Selford Holdings, a London company with a broad

(2) of investment in hotels, golf course and shopping centers His downfall began when he met someone (3) , as: 'LaCotessa'.

I was fully devoted to her, following every instruction she gave me, regardless of the risks involved or my legal standing In court, he revealed that La Contessa, whose real name was Pilar Gutittie, acted as an intermediary for Rogers' employers She identified properties in Spain and Portugal that were either on the verge of being demolished or required significant renovations.

Selford Holdings is set to acquire properties from a London-based company that was unaware they were overpaying significantly Each time this occurred, the original seller received a substantial amount of money.

Rogers, responsible for estimating the property's true value, confessed to accepting a significant portion of the profits that Gutierrez earned through questionable means Initially unaware of her actions, he eventually realized the situation but chose not to inform his employers Instead, driven by his feelings for her, he became complicit in her illicit activities.

Gutierrez, who faces allegations of accepting illegal payments and committing various crimes, was last spotted in England on the same day Rogers was taken into custody It is believed that she is currently hiding somewhere in South America.

British parents often express concerns that their children are spending excessive time watching television instead of engaging in other activities like sports and reading A recent survey on viewing habits supports this notion, revealing that young people in Britain dedicate a significant amount of time to screen time.

23 hours a week in front o f the television, (5) works-out at over three hours every day.

The average adult now spends an astonishing 28 hours a week watching television, highlighting our transformation into a nation of television addicts.

According to a recent survey, nearly every household in the country owns a television, with about half having two or more sets Interestingly, people's viewing habits have evolved; they no longer limit their television watching to the living room but also enjoy it in the kitchen and even in bed.

I Complete the passage, using the correct tense if ih f verbs in brackets.

I thought you would like to know some of n|^ news I (1) (arrive) in New York two weeks ago a r il (2) (stay) with a family called the Browns - Brown (3)

Mr Brown is currently unemployed but will begin a management course next month Although he is enjoying his time, he finds his current work to be boring and is eager to seek a new job opportunity.

Recently, I was traveling on the underground when I encountered Tom, whom you might remember The last time we saw him, he was working at his father's shop Now, he is learning English at a local school We are planning to attend an art exhibition together tonight, and I am really looking forward to it.

I like New York very much, but I (12) (tl|fik) it's very expensive Could you do me a favour? I need sore m ore money

O f course I will pay you back when I see you. n Underline the most suitable word or phrase ,

1 Sue came first in the 5000 meters competition / 0 m / race

2 Jack and Eddie arranged to meet outside the foot'alE ground / field / pitch

'^ cA c ¿ iu liUyS4\- il\ c (C£t*4y

3 Brenda goes jogging every morning to keep exercise I fit I trained

4 Our team beat/defeated/won the match by two goals to nil.

5 The local stadium isn't large enough for so many audience / viewers / spectators

6 I'm afraid I don't find basketball very interested / interesting

7 The final result was a / an draw / equal / score

8 Norman won first m edal/prize / reward in the cookery competition.

9 All competitors / rivals / supporters for the race should make their way to track.

10 Collecting matchboxes is Rebecca's favourite leisure / occupation / pastime

III Match the words in the box with a suitable comment (1-8). billiards crossword embroidery draughts gambling cards model-making hiking _

1 Catherine dealt, and gave me the ace, king and queen o f hearts

2 You need a small needle, and threads of different colours

3 I couldn't do ten down, so I used the dictionary

4 Hung glued the parts together wrongly because he didn't read the instruetidns

5 When Ellen is losing, she knocks the pieces off the board

6 The path we want doesn't seem to be on the map

7 Nigel missed the red, and put the pink in the pocket by mistake iA y cA c 6 il£ I tu jS n iA c

8 I want to put £20 on 'Ealing Comedy' to win in tfe 4.30 at lifork

IV Match the symptom with the cause below.

6 I've got a splinter in my hand.

7 My nose is blocked up.

I've been experiencing diarrhea lately, which I suspect is due to a combination of factors Firstly, I've been working excessively, and our overly soft bed may not be providing the support I need for restful sleep Additionally, I indulged in too much alcohol during dinner last night, and it's possible that the take-away I had contributed to my discomfort On top of that, I recently chopped some wood, which might have added to my stress I also wore the wrong shoes for hill-walking, and as it's that time of year, my hay fever is acting up Lastly, the effects of an exhausting 18-hour flight and a significant 10-hour time difference could be taking their toll on my health.

Now match the following piecô^ of advice to the situations abowe.

9 Make sure you drink plenty of water Otherwise, you'll get dehydrated.

10 Go straight to bed for a couple of hours, then get back to yoiur normal sleeping pattern tonight.

11 Why not take some time off and go somewhere warm? Thatt's what you need! iA y cAc- ¿ A i iivC

12 There's a special kind of plaster you can use on blisters I had one and it helped a lot.

13 Get one of those nasal sprays from the chemist They always work for me.

14 Have you tried an osteopath or a chiropractor?

15 Let me see Have you got a pair o f tweezers?

16 Stick to orange juice in future!

V Complete the passage with the correct passive or active form of the verbs in brackets.

The warship Mary Rose (1) (build) in the years 1509-

In 1544, England initiated a war against France, leading to the deployment of French ships across the Channel In response, English ships, including the Mary Rose, set sail from Portsmouth to confront them The Mary Rose was heavily armed, carrying 91 guns and 700 men, which was double the usual crew size.

(5 ) (sink) quickly to the bottom o f the sea even before it

In a tragic event, approximately 650 men lost their lives during an attack by the French, witnessed by the King of England The following month, an attempt was made to salvage the Mary Rose, but it ultimately failed For centuries, the ship was forgotten.

In the 1970s, new plans were made to raise the Mary Rose ship, leading to thousands of objects being brought up from the wreck by divers On October 1982, the Mary Rose was lifted out of the sea, capturing the attention of many who watched the event on television Ultimately, after 437 years underwater, the Mary Rose was taken into Portsmouth dock.

VI Replace the word or worth in italics in each stitence witth a word from the box. arranged record captain side professionally spare outdoors second postpoied champion score referee

1 Mary plays termis as a way o f earning her living

2 Tomorrow's hockey match has been put off for oHttk^ time

3 In motor racing last year William Green was the k st driver d}f all

4 The player with the lowest number o f points w in ^ e game

5 A match between the two top teams has been fixed of nfext momth.

6 1 like going swimming in my free tim e /

7 Jane Briggs was the runner-up in the 100 metres iurdles.

8 Who is the player in charge o f your football teanf

9 She won all her matches this season, which is a bst ever performance

10 Charles was sent off for punching the person w h controls tlhe m atch

11 We decided to hold this year’s dancing competiton w the open

12 Everyone agreed that United was the best team

VII Choose the best answer.

1 Something fim ny in my class yesterd0 a happened c happens b was happened d is happened

2 Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan. a manufacture c are manufactured b have manufactured d are manufacturing

3 In some areas, w ater from the ground faster than nature can replenish the supply. a is being taken c is taking b has been taking d has taken

4 My country is ' the pursuit of world peace. a dedicating to c dedicating by b dedicated to d dedicated by

5 George is Lisa. a marry with c married with b marry to d married to

6 The university by private fimds as well as by tuition income and grants. a is supported c is supporting b supports d has supported

7 In some rural areas, health care by a small number of doctor's and nurses. a is piroviding c provides b is b e i E g provided d provided

8 When I woke up and looked outside, the ground had been lightly' with a dusting o f snow. a covering c covered b cover d covers

9 A lot off pesticide residue can on unwashed produce. a find c be finding b foumd d be foimd íá jd c d c ÍÁ ¿ t í\c ií¿ íx ^

10 It's hard to believe that my application for a scholarship. a, denied c was denying b was denied d had denied

V m Complete each sentence with a word from the box. anywhere dinner ready through back lost right together better off stuck; used

1 After Paul was iryured, it took him a long time to gdti;.^l!.l

2 Unfortunately Sally rode her bike into the mud and g o t

3 Before the race I w entto the stadiumto g e t 5

4 Some o f the competitors g o t because o f the thick fog.

5 1 tried learning to do embroidery but I didn't g e t

6 She worked on her stamp collection and he got the

7 1 didn't get fi'om the match till late because of the crowds.

8 David practiced hitting the golf ball until he got i t

9 Kate enjoyed riding the horse but found it hard to g e t 10.1 tried to phone the tennis club but I couldn't get

11 We have a great time whenever our rugby team g e is 12.1 can't g e t to playing football on plastic g i^s!

IX Complete the second sentence so that it ha;s a sHailar meaning to the fírst one.

1 In the briefcase you will find a map, a file and a calculator. The briefcase

2 I think the last time I saw you was at Diana's homse-warming party.

I don't think iA y cA c ¿AC iix t (¿ ¿ 4 \^

3 Pierre emigrated to Brazil in 1991, and is still there.

4 In my opinion the theory o f reincarnation simply does not hold water.

5 Are you sure that jacket is the right size for you?

6 You can rely on me to do my best.

7 There may be some delay in obtaining the permit.

8 How have you been getting on with your enquiries?

9 I gave Ted the message, but he already knew about it.

10 The number of accidents occurring at this dangerous junction so far this year is now is as high as seven.

X Read the passage and choose the best answer.

In 1800, the United States had a population of 5,308,483, significantly smaller than the British Isles, which had over fifteen million, and the French Republic, with more than twenty-seven million Of the American population, nearly one-fifth were black slaves, leaving approximately four and a half million free whites, including less than one million able-bodied males, to shoulder the continent's challenges Despite two centuries of struggle, much of the land remained untamed, with forests covering vast areas and minerals lying untouched Additionally, over two-thirds of the population resided within fifty miles of the coastline, where the necessities of civilized life were primarily available.

In the early 1800s, one out of every four Americans was a black slave, highlighting the significant presence of slavery in the United States during this period.

2 Free white men in America numbered a about four-fifths o f the population b about four and one-half million c 5,308,483 d less than one million

3 Two-thirds o f the American p eo p le a lived where the wants of civilized life could not be supplied. b lived in Washington c lived on the seaboard d lived within fifteen miles o f tidewater

4 The struggle to tame the American continent had been going on , a about two hundred years b about fifty years ^ c a little more than a century d.since 1750

The description of the United States in 1800 indicates that a significant portion of the new nation remained undeveloped While some settlers had begun to cultivate the land, the overall landscape was still largely untamed Additionally, the early inhabitants were starting to explore and mine the valuable minerals found in the continent, reflecting the burgeoning potential of this vast territory.

I Complete the passage, using the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.

I"m sorry I (1) (not write) to you for so long, but I (2) (be) very busy lately All last month I

(3 ) (have) exams, and I (4) (not do) anytlhing else but study for ages Anyway, I ( 5 ) (stop) studying now, and I (6) (wait) for my exam results.

I have recently changed my address and now live in Croydon I decided to move from central London due to the rising costs A friend informed me about a flat available here, and I moved in about two months ago.

W hen you (13) (come) to London this summer, pleasse visit me I (14) (stay) here until the middle o f Octoiber Then I (15) (go) on holiday to Scotland Please writes soon.

IL Clomplete the sentences with the correct form of a phrasal vôrb with "bring "or "put".

1 W ould you p le a se your cigarette? This is a non smoking compartment.

2 I'im sorry to have kept you waiting I'm you to the mianager now. ỈẠ y c á c í à i lu ^ ệ tx - ilù

3 Hien's illness w a s by a combinatkn overwork and poor diet.

4 They've redecorated the house a n d c e itr^ heating.

5 Publishers a r e a lot of light novels foil; the holiday season.

6 Son his trip to London because Hs father was taken ill.

7 She bought the television b y a deposit aid tởíện making montíily payments.

8 I'm worried about Tuong His freelance work only enough to pay the bills.

Campaigns by 'green' organizations have significantly influenced people's attitudes toward the environment The complexion of public awareness has improved, highlighting the importance of sustainability Just as makeup enhances cheekbones, these initiatives emphasize the need for a cleaner planet The presence of environmental issues, like wrinkles on the Earth, demands attention, similar to how one might notice spots on the skin Moreover, the rise of beards in fashion reflects a more natural approach, aligning with the values promoted by these organizations Ultimately, just as false teeth can restore a smile, these campaigns aim to restore the health of our planet, encouraging individuals to adopt eco-friendly practices.

1 Diem wears a lot o f She looks better without it, if you ask me.

2 I'm getting old I'm starting to g e t round my eyes.

3 My sister's had her nose and eyebrow She looks quite good, actually.

4 I had terrible when I was a teenager No iiTOnder I was so shy with girls.

5 Huyen's got lovely h ig h I find her very attjracjtive,

6 Hung's got a beautiful sm ooth like a baby's,

7 I don't like men with but I quite like th e look- you know-one or two days without shaving. £ậỵ> cÁ ^ Ế A i íỉv í tìề ề x ^

8 My mum's got a small, brow n on one of her cheeks.

9 I cut myself climbing a ừee when I was ten and I've got this just below my ear.

10 My grandfather looks really ilinny when he smiles because he's got tw o missing and he refuses to wear

IV, Com pile the sentences, using used to or be/get used to and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 When Ted was on holiday, he in the sea every morning, (swim)

2 Mai h a s in English shops, (queue)

3 I've lived in Italy for years, so I 'm a lot of pasta, (eat)

4 Hang goes everywhere by car now, but s h e by bike. (travel)

5 My coush only listens to classical music these days, but she to pop music all the time, (listen)

6 Don't worry You'll soon the climate.

7 Hoc doesn't watch television much now, but he a lot when he was younger, (watch)

8 My father i s at 6.30 He's been doing it for thirty years, (get up)

9 Where did y o u before you moved to Barcelona?

] 0 1 didn’^t jazz, but now I do (like)

V, Rewrite ôạch sentence so that it contains the word given in brackets Do not change the meaning.

1 1 left scBiojl Then I went to America, (after)

2 He did miitary service Then he went to university, (after) iA yi cA c ¿iu il\Z

3 You were reading a newspaper I was writing a letter, (while)

4 1 get older I get more optimistic, (as)

5 1 start work Hong always arrives soon after that, (just as)

6 Don't forget to signal You are turning right, (w hei^r

7 You've passed your test I'll let you drive my car (once)

8 I've known her We were at school together, (since)

9 You're not going home You've finished that report,,^., ,

10 1 left home I began to understand how important ihy f ^ i l y was (not until)

VI Match the statements or questions with the Fesponsôằ Use each item only once.

1 Why were you so late? a Sorry, we’ve rim out of it.

2 When do you get up? b Early on Thursday morning.

3 Where's the sugar? c Shall we turn then?

4 This programme's very boring d Yes Hold on a mbrntjiit^ please.

5 When are you setting off? e My car broke dpwii on the motorway.

6 How are you getting on at school? f Try looking it iip in the dictionary.

7 Can I speak to Tricia, please? g I grew up in the;^6i|i4 of France.

8 This exercise is too difficult h Usually at abdtithailf past seven.

9 Where did you spend your childhood? i Let’s give u p H a v e a cup o f coffee.

10 How do you spell 'committee'? j Quite well, th a ftk ^ u i iA ja cAc- iiU -

In this exercise, you will need to correctly place each of the following phrasal verbs into the sentences provided: "get out," "get off," "wear out," "see to," "stand out," "set out," "run into," "sell out," "take off," and "think over." By doing so, you will enhance your understanding and usage of these common expressions in English.

1 The plane at 8 o ’clock, 3 hours late.

2 The bus stopped suddenly and the car the back o f it.

3 It was raining so heavily that they the match until next week.

4 It was an offer h e very carefully before he made his decision.

5 The lights and we couldn't see anything.

6 Because o f her bright clothes she really from the others in the group.

7 T h ey on the excursion at 6 o'clock.

8 The bookshop all the copies o f his latest novel within two hours.

9 Nam the cooking while I prepared the table.

10 My shoes so quickly that I had to buy a new pair after two months.

VIII Complete the unfinished sentence in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.

1 Driving on the left feels strange to me.

2 If you worry, you'll find it difficult to get to sleep.

3 1 can't afford to go on holiday this year.

4 Mandy is excited about going to Greece on holiday.

Mandy is looking iA y cAc- S a c i l x i (¿ ¿ n ^

5 Although he wasn't experienced, he got the job ;

6 People used to think that the eari;h was flat.

7 We can't sit on the grass because it is too wet.

8 They think the bxirglar got in through the bathroom window.

IX Read the text and decide which word (a, b, c or d) best fits each space.

Revising for exams can be challenging, so it's essential to find a study routine that works best for you and remain consistent with it While some individuals prefer the quiet of nighttime for studying, others are more productive in the early morning Listening to music while revising might enhance your experience, but it can also be distracting Consider whether you can truly focus on your studies while multitasking Therefore, think carefully before turning on the radio during your revision sessions.

Your (8) is also important while you are revising This

During this challenging period in your life, it's essential to prioritize proper nutrition by avoiding missed meals, junk food, and excessive coffee consumption Additionally, ensure you engage in regular exercise, as it can enhance both physical fitness and mental clarity If you're feeling frustrated or struggling to concentrate, taking a walk can help clear your mind and improve your overall well-being.

Finally, you also (15) to take time; off Go out occasionally, see your fiiends, make time to relax, T& li you will return to your studies fresh and full of enthusiasm!

2 a best b good c worse d well iA y cAc- ¿Ac i i \ i

3 a to listen b having listened c listen d listening

X Complete the passage, using one word for each space.

The Spanish painter Goya (1) bom in Aragon in 1746.

Although very (2) is known about his early (3) we do know (4) he studied painting in his teens He

(5 ) his artistic career by painting religious pictures

(6 ) wall-paintings for churches (7) 1773 he married (8) woman (9) three brothers were painters, and settled in Madrid.

There (10) made sketches for the tapestries (11)

The Royal Tapestry Factory created works for royal palaces, and Goya painted portraits of several important figures, enhancing his reputation as a fashionable painter in Madrid society For most of his life, he served as the official painter for the Spanish royal family However, a political shift in Spain in 1823 forced him to leave the country, leading him to France, where he continued his artistic pursuits until his death.

(20) his home in Bordeaux in 1828.

L Complete the sentences, using the Past Simple and the Past

1 I television when the p h o n e (watch, ring)

2 H ie u a bath when the detective (have^ arrive)

3 Cuong a leg when h e (break, ski) ; ■ 4 Last night Lanh to the radio when she a sừange noise dovvnstaừs (listen, hear) " f *

5 H ai out o f the free while h e it (fall, climb)

6 W e Nga first aid when the ambulance (give, arrive)

7 While I , I an old man lying on tìie ground.

8 Himg not to go out, because i t (decide, rain)

9 The thief my purse while I at thẻ shop window, (steal, look)

10 The other day Phuong the road when suddenly a car

into a lamp-post in front o f her (cross, crash) n Turn these sentences from active to passive Rôniembjer-only include by plus a noun or pronoun if this informiation is necessary

1 They hold the prize-giving in the hall every year.

2 A storm has brought down all the power cables.

“C Í à í í l \ t

5 He takes great p rid e all his achievanemts. a o f c with b in d for

6 Madrid is bigger than Granada. a much c lot b bit d many

7 That was the happiest d a y my life. a all c in b o f d for

8 She warned the child the busy road. a not crossing c to not cross b to cross d not to cross

9 Did y o u those photos last year? a took c take b taken d taking

10 My sister is very good history. a in c for b at d to

VII Complete the story, using the words in thi box as soon as suddenly before as unfortunately after at last '"Vthen,-

Norman was fast asleep, dreaming happily ab?i}ti^ot|§llj when

(1 ) his alarm dock rang very loudly, rig^jt in his ear.

(2 ) he heard it, he jumped out o f bed andjiSt^#! to get dressed 'Quick, quick, I musta't be late for jchbol again!' he thought He threw some water over his face (3)

In a rush, he hurried downstairs, realizing there was no time for breakfast before leaving the house He knew he would be hungry by lunchtime, but he had no money for snacks or drinks After waiting a long time at the bus stop, he finally caught the bus, only to arrive at school and find the gates shut It dawned on him that it was Saturday, and there was no school that day!

VIII Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given.

1.1 think you should give up smoking immediately had

2 1 expect we will get there by 5.00, if there isn't too much traffic should

W e 5.00, if there isn't too much traffic.

3 Is it necessary for me to bring my passport? have

4 1 am sure that the cat is in the house somewhere be

The cat in the house somewhere.

5 An aerial is not required with this radio have

You don't an aerial with this radio.

IX Complete the |>assage, using one word for each space.

Cheese has been a staple in our diet for a very long time As prehistoric man domesticated animals like cattle and sheep, he discovered how to make cheese Archaeological findings reveal cheese containers in prehistoric ruins that resemble those used today, indicating that cheese has always been popular Nowadays, there is a vast variety of cheese available, with much of it mass-produced in factories However, you can still find delicious farmhouse cheese.

(13 ) made from unpasteurized milk n the traditional

The European Union may soon make it illegal to sell certain types of cheese made from unpasteurized milk This potential regulation is concerning, as it threatens to end a long-standing cheese-making tradition.

X Decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best fits exh% a(^.

Ann Johnson has been a dedicated employee at this college for three years, consistently getting along well with other department members She is recognized as an excellent educator, always prepared for her lessons, and is a highly capable staff member who works independently I can always rely on her to organize the end-of-term play, where she has delivered outstanding performances.

(7 ) productions Her students ửfter tell me how

Ann is always ready with a smile and has been very supportive to many Although she is not very talkative and may seem reserved at first, her true potential shines through in her excellent work Ann is determined to succeed and is actively seeking new opportunities, having applied for two other positions as Director of Studies You can count on Ann to make your school successful, and I wholeheartedly recommend her for the post of Director.

3 a colleague b adult c employer d fellow ¿4U^^4\ iAc

L Underline the most suitable words in each sentence.

1 Let's go to London next weekend, shall we / won’t we?

2 You shouldn't have told me, did you / should you?

3 Jim hasn't been waiting long, was he / has he?

4 You won’t tell anyone about this, do you / will you?

5 You're not doing what I told you, do you / are you?

6 Answer the phone for me, will you / do you?

7 George can't have noticed, can he / has he?

8 You’ve got to leave now, don't you / haven't you?

9 Pam and Tim got married last year, didn't they / haven't they?

1 0 1 don't think John's very friendly, does he / is he?

II Choose the correct word(s) from the pair in brackets to complete the sentences.

1 Don't cry, you'll have red eyes, (if / or)

2 W atch ! There's a car coming very fast, (out / up)

3 You to tell me what happened, (ought / should)

4 If you say you're sorry, forgive you (I'll / 1’m)

5 1 think y o u buy her some flowers, (must / Should)

6 If I you, I wouldn't mind, (are / were)

7 M y is to phone the police at once, (advicei;/^ advise) tiX y C A C ¿ A t L c u y ^x € ¿ ¿ 4 ^ y^\*-U v

8 Y ou'd go home, or there'll be trouble, (rather / better)

9 If y o u get more sleep, you'll make yourself ill fdo / don't)

10 If you drive on the other side o f the road, b e

III Add suitable question tags (Do not use positive tags for positive statem ents.)

2 David is bringing some w in e , ?

3 You'll be home before m idnight, ?

4 Harry was working in Bristol th en , ?

5 Nobody knows w'ho invented the w h eel, ?

6 You don't need me anym ore, ?

7 The ticket to London doesn't cost a lot ?

8 Let's invite the Smiths from next d oor, ?

9 You aren't too busy to ta lk , ?

[V C om plete the sentences, using the correct word or phrase from the pair in brackets.

1 You take flowers to your hostess if you don't want to. (mustn't / needn't)

2 She do all the work herself, because nobody will help her, (must / has to)

5 I'm so tired, I r e a lly go to bed now (must / have to)

\ What a pity y o u go row! You'll just catch your train i^ you hurry, (must / have to)

) Yesterday all the students read a poem aloud, (must / had to) id y cA c tsA t iix C

6 1 was going to book the tickets, but Angus bought them on his way home, so I (didn't need to / needn'ttha^/e done)

7 When I turned up at the hospital and saw Natalia surrounded by visitors, 1 realized 1 coming, (didn't need to boiier/ needn't have bothered)

8 You smoke in here It's against the rules, (mustn't / needn't)

V Use these words to complete the passage. teenager fond o f broke o ff relationship respected only child friendship generation gap jealous drifted apart

At 16, Maurice began working in his uncle Stephen's shop, despite their differences They maintained a good relationship, even though they occasionally disagreed Maurice respected his uncle's opinions, but everything changed when another employee falsely accused him of stealing money Shocked to find that Stephen believed the accusation, Maurice lost his job and had to seek employment elsewhere After this incident, their relationship deteriorated, and they only interacted during family gatherings.

VI Choose the correct word or phrase to comfrfete jeaCh sentence W rite the letter in the space.

1 When he reached us, Henry was out o f breath because iie a ran c had been runifing b has run d was run

2 Do you think he’s to buy the stamps I asked him for? a suggested c remembered b reminded d advised

3 So they’re your favorite group Have you ever seen them

4 1 remember round the exhibition a couple o f years ago. a being shown c be shown b to be shown d be showing

5 When she showed me the letter, I her to throw it away. a suggested c informed b advised d insisted

6 Passengers are asked in row A-G. a don’t smoke c not to smoke b not smoking d not smoke

7 The documents a re to be extremely valuable. a said c described b told d spoken

8 Simon always to do his homework before watching television. a must c is having b has d is trying

9 The prisoner refused the police with their enquiries. a helping c to helping b help d to help iA y i c 4 c tl^X- s ^ v

-i"'" ■ - ■ ■ ■ v n Rewrite each sentence, beginiing as shiown, so that/the meaning stays the same.

1 Tony was not only late, but he hadleft all his books behimd. Not o n ly

2 1 had no sooner gone to bed than simeone rang my doortoell.

3 1 have seldom stayed in a worse hằtel.

4 1 have never heard such nonsense!

5 1 reahzed only then that I had lostmy keys.

Only then wằ I) The economic situation has rarelybeeh^oi^ei

7 The manager not once offered us a^ logy Vf;

8 You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances.

9 I understood Hamlet only after seemg it on the st^ e

Only after seeing H am let

10 The embassy staff" little realized that Ted was a s^fiet aj^ent Little ^ iAf} c4Xc ià£ U* cÂC' ẻ ợk C tu t^ ờ t% i l \ t ‘lợộ tv y

7 Having left my wallet at home, I couldn’t pay for the meal.

8 Nigel is considered to be the best racing driver in the w^orld.

9 Nobody was surprised that / when Janet came first.

10 Graham was not allowed to take his dog to work with him.

I be arrested / have been arrested 2 be brought up

5 to be painted 6 be built

9 have been looked after 10 be cleaned

II be sent for 12 be taken on n

1 The invitations were sent a fortnight before the wedding.

2 hope my passportwill be stamped by the airport officials.

3 No newspaper were delivered at number 25 last week.

4 The problem can not be solved without the government’s help).

5 The match had to the cancelled when rain flooded the pitch.

6 The results o f the experiments will be published in leading scientific journids. cA c tK c

1 He was presented with a large cheque at his retirement party.

8 All travel arrangements must be completed by 17**' June. ni

1 doing 3 make 5 make 7 makes 9 made

2 makes 4 done 6 do 8 makes 10 doing

1 He gave me the information, which I wrote down at once.

2 Andrea went to see the dentist, who took out two o f her teeth.

3 Fritz lives in tiie houses round the comer, \\4iich has a red front door.

4 Show me the shoes (which/that) you bought yesterday.

5 Have you seen the film which/that is on at the Odeon?

6 My boyfiiend, who hates coxmtry music, refused to go to the concert with me.

7 We climbed to the top o f the moimtain, where we had a picnic.

8 Edward, whose mother died last year, has just moved to France.

9 We didn’t want to swim in the sea, which looked very dirty.

10 Lydia is reading that fascinating book on Spanish history

(which/that) you lent her last week.

3 are believed to have been

2 that the Prime Minister is

2 have been 10 has become / is becoming

6 am waiting 14 will be staying / am staying

7 have changed 15 will be going / am going

5 cheekbones 10 teeth, false teeth t & y c A c i A i iiv C -

2 got used to queu(e)ing

1 After I left school, I went to America.

2 After he did military service, he went to university.

3 While you were reading a newspaper, I was writing a letter.

4 As I get older, I get more optimistic.

5 Hong always arrives just as I start work.

6 Don’t forget to signal when you are tuming right.

7 Once you’ve passed your test I’ll let you drive my car.

8 I’ve known her since we were at school together.

9 You’re not going home till you’ve finished that report.

10 Not until I left home did I begin to understand how important my family was.

1 I’m not used to driving on the left.

2 The more you worry, the more you’ll find it difficult to get to sleep.

3 1 haven’t got enough money to go on holiday this year.

4 Mandy is looking forward to going to Greece on holiday.

5 Despite his inexperience, he got the job.

6 It used to be thought that the earth was flat.

7 The grass isn’t dry enough for you to sit on.

8 The burglar is thought to have got in through the bathroom window.

5

1 The prize giving is held in the hall every year.

2 All the power cables have been brought down by a storm.

3 The price o f gas was raised last year by the government.

4 All the arrangements were made for the President’s visit.

5 Had she been invited before last weekend?

6 Her passport is being renewed next week.

7 Bloclffi o f flats are being built all over the town by the authorities.

8 The theft has not been investigated by the police yet.

9 The contract was signed by the two businessmen.

10 The bottles will be collected for recycling.

11 The new theatre is being opened by the Mayor on Saturday

12 The cows were being milked when I arrived at the farm. in

1 1 don’t mind being given presents!

Charlotte hates being treated like a baby.

3 He’s used to his English being corrected.

4 1 don’t enjoy being made to do the washmg - up.

6 He doesn’t remember being punished at school.

7 I’m looking forward to being sent abroad by my company.

8 My dog simply loves being taken for a walk. ợA j} a ie 6 A Ê ¿u ^ *t

9 You’ll never forget being taught by your every first tacher.

10 Yesterday I spent two hours bemg shown how to usort you whenever you need me.

5 You won’t see him this summer He’ll be doing his military service then.

6 I’m going to be an architect when I finish my studies.

8 Will you come / Are you coming to dirmer with me tonight?

9 1 think he’ll / he will probably marry the girl next door.

10 What will you be doing at 3 o ’clock next Sunday afternoon^

1 Thank you very much for your letter inviting me to speak to your students about careers in airline industry.

2 I’d be delight^ to come and answer the questions your students have.

3 Generally I find it be best to start by showing a video film followed by a discussion.

4 Also, I have wide selection o f information leaflets which I’ll bring and give to any students who are interested.

5 You have suggested that any day in the last week o f March be suitable.

6 I’m afi'aid I’ll have to be at a conference in Lima then.

7 However, I can manage to come on April 2 or 10.

8 Please let me know which o f these dates will be convenient.

9 I’m looking forward to hearing fi-om you.

1 We stopped seeing each other a long time ago.

2 What brothers me is the expense involved.

3 We didn’t expect the weather to be bad.

4 Whoever do the washing up didn’t do it very well.

5 Now I regret not telling you / having told you the truth.

6 Peter, let me introduce my sister, Ann. iA y> cÂC' ẻ ợk C tu t^ ờ t% i l \ t ‘lợộ tv y