Luận án tiến sĩ Công nghệ sinh học: Nghiên cứu tạo dung dịch keo bạc nano để phòng trừ bệnh rụng lá Corynespora trên cây cao su do nấm Corynespora Cassiicola

cassiicola FӫD YL NKXҭQ Bacillus subtilis và Bacillus thuringiensis; KKҧR ViW NKҧ QăQJ WәQJ KӧS EҥF QDQR Wӯ GӏFK QӝL EjR YL NKXҭQ B.. TҥLFQJQӗQJÿӝ 90 ppm, dung GӏFK keo EҥF QDQR - chitos

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Trong ÿLӅXNLӋQWURQJYѭӡQѭѫP, GXQJGӏFK keo EҥFQDQR - chitosan YӟL kíFKWKѭӟFKҥWtrung bình 10 nm Fy KLӋX OӵF SKzQJ EӋQK WӕW QKҩW ӣ QӗQJ ÿӝ  SSP YӟL tӍ OӋ Oi EӏQKLӉP EӋQK Oj VDX QJj\FKӫQJ EӋQK và Fy KLӋXOӵF WUӏEӋQK WӕW QKҩWWҥLQӗQJÿӝSSPYӟLWӍ OӋOiFk\FDRVXEӏQKLӉPEӋQKJLҧPWӯ,00 [XӕQJFzQ6,67 %; Fk\FDRVXEӏQKLӉPEӋQKJLҧPWӯ,00 [XӕQJFzQvàFKӍVӕEӋQKJLҧPWӯ 22,13 % [XӕQJFzQ15,03 % sau 28 ngày [ӱOêGXQJGӏch

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ABSTRACT

The thesis title: ³6WXG\ RQ V\QWKHVLV RI VLOYHU QDQRSDUWLFOHV VROXWLRQ IRU FRQWUROOLQJ

Corynespora leaf fall disease on rubber trees causing by Corynespora cassiicola´was

carried out at the Department of Biotechnology, Dong Nai Biotechnology Application Center and Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City from September 2011 to January 2018 The objective of the thesis is studying Corynespora leaf fall disease on

rubber trees causing by Corynespora cassiicola and finding a method to create a

product to defence and eliminate Corynespora leaf fall disease effectively in the laboratory and on rubber trees in nurseries

The contents of this research including: Isolation and investigation of a number of

factors affecting the growth of C cassiicola, thereby finding ways to prevent them; Investigating the ability of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis to inhibit C cassiicola; Investigation of the ability to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles from B subtilis intracellular fluid; Synthesis silver nanoparticles/chitosan by gamma ray irradiation method; Investigating the effective inhibition of C cassiicola of silver nanoparticles solution in in vitro conditions; Survey of the ability to prevent and treat

Corynespora leaf fall disease on rubber trees in nurseries with silver nanoparticles/chitosan with 10 nm silver nanoparticles size The results showed that:

C cassiicola was isolated and some growth characteristics of C cassiicola were

identified as development and the best spore growth on rubber leaf agar media at pH 6.5, temperature of 29 ° C

Four types of biological product against C cassiicola were created, including B

suspension with a bacterial density of 1.6 u 109 cells/ml; The silver nanoparticles

solution systhesized from B subtilis intracellular fluid had an average particle size

from 7 to 12 nm, with the stabilization being about 20 days; The silver nanoparticles/chitosan solution had an average particle size from 5 to 15 nm, with the stabilization being about 12 months

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In in vitro conditions, C cassiicola resistance of B subtilis and B thuringiensis were

45.67 % and 33.04 %, respectively The antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles

solution systhesized from B subtilis intracellular fluid was 66.30 % at 90 ppm The

antifungal effect of silver nano particles/chitosan solution reached from 52.08 % to 100.00 % when silver nanoparticle size decreased from 15 to 5 nm, at a concentration

of 50 ppm At the 90 ppm of concentration, the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles/chitosan solution with an average particle size 10 nm (reached 100.00

%) was slightly higher than the silver nanoparticles solution systhesized from B subtilis intracellular fluid with an average particle size 7 nm (reached 66.30 %)

In in vivo conditions, the treatment of AgNPs /chitosan solution with an average

particle size 10 nm was the best preventative effect at a concentration of 2.5 ppm with

the infected leaves of 34.27 % after 28 days of C cassiicola infection (defence effect)

For the elimination effect, the treatment of AgNPs /chitosan solution at a concentration

of 12.5 ppm was able to reduce from 50.00 % to 6.67 % of infected leaves; from 50,00

% to 6.75 % of infected trees and from 22.13 % to 15.03 % of infection index after 28 days of treatment

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TÓM TҲT LUҰN ÁN ii

ABSTRACT iv

LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1 vi

MӨC LӨC vii

DANH MӨC CÁC HÌNH xii

DANH MӨC BҦNG xv

DANH MӨC CÁC CHӲ VIӂT TҲT xvi

MӢ ĈҪU 1

&+ѬѪ1* TӘNG QUAN TÀI LIӊU 5

1.1 Tәng quan vӅ cây cao su 5

1.1.1 ĈһFÿLӇm sinh hӑc cӫa cây cao su 5

1.1.2 Tình hình phát triӇn cӫa cây cao su 5

1.1.3 Mӝt sӕ bӋnh hҥi cӫa cây cao su 6

1.2 Tәng quan vӅ bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora do nҩm Corynespora cassiicola gây ra trên cây cao su 7

1.2.1 6ѫOѭӧc vӅ bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora 7

1.2.2 ĈһFÿLӇm nhұn diӋn cӫa bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora 9

1.2.3 Mӝt sӕ nghiên cӭu vӅ bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora cӫa cây cao su 12

1.3 Tәng quan vӅ nҩm Corynespora cassiicola 14

1.3.1 ĈһFÿLӇm phân loҥi cӫa nҩm C cassiicola 14

1.3.2 Lӏch sӱ phát hiӋn nҩm C cassiicola 14

1.3.3 Hình thái hӑc YjÿһFÿLӇm sinh hӑc cӫa nҩm C cassiicola 15

1.4 Tәng quan vӅ công nghӋ nano 16

1.4.1 Khái niӋm vӅ khoa hӑc, công nghӋ và vұt liӋu nano 16

1.4.2 &ѫVӣ khoa hӑc cӫa công nghӋ nano 17

1.4.2.1 Hi͏u ͱng b͉ m̿t 17

1.4.2.2 tFKWK˱ͣc tͣi h̩n 17

1.4.2.3 Chuy͋n ti͇p tͳ tính ch̭t c͝ ÿL͋Qÿ͇n tính ch̭WO˱ͫng t͵ 17

1.4.3 &iFSKѭѫQJpháp chӃ tҥo vұt liӋu nano 17

viii

1.4.3.1 3K˱˯QJSKiSWͳ trên xu͙ng 17

1.4.3.2 3K˱˯QJSKiSWͳ G˱ͣi lên 18

1.4.4 Hҥt nano kim loҥLYjFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSFKӃ tҥo hҥt nano kim loҥi 18

1.4.4.1 H̩t nano kim lo̩i 18

1.4.4.2 Các SK˱˯QJSKiSFK͇ t̩o h̩t nano kim lo̩i 18

1.4.5 Tәng quan vӅ bҥc nano 19

1.4.5.1 B̩c nano 19

1.4.5.2 Tính ch̭t kháng khu̱n cͯa b̩c nano 21

1.5 Tәng hӧSQDQREҥFEҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSVLQKKӑF 23

1.5.1 Tәng quan vӅ tәng hӧSQDQREҥFEҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSVLQKKӑF 23

1.5.2 Tәng quan vӅ vi khuҭn Bacillus subtilis 25

1.5.2.1 Ĉ̿FÿL͋m phân lo̩i h͕c cͯa vi khu̱n B subtilis 25

1.5.2.2 Kh̫ QăQJNKiQJYLVLQKY̵t cͯDYLNKX̱Q%subtilis 26

1.5.3 Tәng quan vӅ vi khuҭn Bacillus thuringiensis 27

1.5.3.1 Ĉ̿FÿL͋m phân lo̩i h͕c cͯa vi khu̱n B thuringiensis 27

1.5.3.2 Kh̫ QăQJNKiQJYLVLQKY̵t cͯa vi khu̱n B thuringiensis 28

1.5.4 Mӝt sӕ nghiên cӭX WURQJ Yj QJRjL Qѭӟc vӅ tәng hӧp bҥF QDQR QKӡ YL khuҭn 28

1.6 ChӃ tҥRGXQJGӏFKNHREҥc nano bҵQJSKѭѫQJpháp chiӃu xҥ 30

1.6.1 Giӟi thiӋu vӅ công nghӋ bӭc xҥ 30

1.6.2 ChӃ tҥo bҥc nano bҵng SKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃu xҥ 30

1.6.3 9DLWUzFӫDFKҩt әQÿӏnh trong dung dӏch keo bҥc nano 32

1.6.4 Mӝt sӕ nghiên cӭu vӅ tính ӭc chӃ nҩm cӫa dung dӏch keo bҥFQDQRÿѭӧF chӃ tҥo bҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃu xҥ 34

&+ѬѪ1* VҰT LIӊ89¬3+ѬѪ1*3+È3 37

2.1 Vұt liӋu, hóa chҩt thí nghiӋm 37

2.1.1 Vұt liӋu thí nghiӋm 37

2.1.2 Hóa chҩt thí nghiӋm 37

2.2 NӝLGXQJYjSKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭu 38

2.2.1 Phân lұp và khҧo sát mӝt sӕ\ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃn sӵVLQKWUѭӣQJFӫa nҩm C cassiicola gây bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora trên cây cao su 38

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C cassiicola 38

VLQK WU˱ͧng cͯa ṋm C cassiicola và s͹ hình thành bào t͵ FͯD Q̭m

2.2.3 Khҧo sát mӝt sӕ yӃu tӕ ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQTXiWUuQKWәQJKӧSEҥFQDQRQKӡYL

khuҭn Bacillus subtilis 42

vi khu̱n B subtilis 42

n͡i bào vi khu̱n B subtilis 43

d͓ch n͡LEjRYLNKX̱Q%VXEWLOLV 43

EjRYLNKX̱Q%VXEWLOLVWKHRWKͥLJLDQ 44

2.2.4 ChӃ tҥo dung dӏch keo bҥc nano-chitosan bҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃu xҥ 44

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VXWURQJY˱ͥQ˱˯PFͯa dung d͓ch keo b̩c nano - chitosan 49

2.2.6.2 Kh̫o sát kh̫ QăQJ WU͓ b͏nh rͭng lá Corynespora cͯa cây cao su WURQJY˱ͥQ˱˯PFͯa dung d͓ch keo b̩c nano - chitosan 51

2.3 3KѭѫQJSKiS[ӱ lý sӕ liӋu 52

2.4 1ѫLWKӵFKLӋQWKtQJKLӋP 53

&+ѬѪ1* KӂT QUҦ VÀ THҦO LUҰN 54

3.1 Phân lұp và khҧo sát mӝt sӕ \ӃX Wӕ ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃn sӵ VLQK WUѭӣQJ Fӫa nҩm C cassiicola gây bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora trên cây cao su 54

3.1.1 7KX PүX Oi Fk\ FDR VX Eӏ EӋQK UөQJ Oi &RU\QHVSRUD SKkQ Oұp nҩm C cassiicola 54

3.1.2 ҦQK Kѭӣng cӫa các môi WUѭӡng nuôi cҩ\ NKiF QKDX OrQ Vӵ VLQK WUѭӣng và hình thành bào tӱFӫDQҩm C cassiicola 57

3.1.3 ҦQKKѭӣng cӫa nhiӋt ÿӝOrQVӵVLQKWUѭӣQJFӫDQҩm C cassiicola 60

3.1.4 ҦQK Kѭӣng cӫD S+ P{L WUѭӡQJ QX{L Fҩ\ OrQ Vӵ VLQK WUѭӣQJ FӫD Qҩm C cassiicola 63

3.2 Khҧo sát khҧ QăQJ ӭc chӃ nҩm C cassiicola cӫa vi khuҭn B subtilis và B thuringiensis 65

3.3 Mӝt sӕ yӃu tӕ ҧQKKѭӣng tӟLTXiWUuQKWәQJKӧSEҥc nano tӯ dӏch nӝi bào vi khuҭn B subtilis 67

3.3.1 4Xi WUuQK WәQJ KӧS bҥc nano tӯ dӏch nӝi bào và xác tӃ bào vi khuҭn B subtilis 67

3.3.2 ҦQKKѭӣng cӫDS+ÿӃQTXi WUuQK WәQJ KӧS Eҥc nano tӯ dӏch nӝi bào vi khuҭn B subtilis 69

3.3.3 ҦQKKѭӣng cӫa nhiӋWÿӝ ÿӃQTXiWUuQKWәQJKӧSEҥFQDQRWӯ dӏch nӝi bào vi khuҭn B subtilis 72

3.3.4 Thӡi gian әQÿӏnh cӫa dung dӏch keo bҥFQDQRÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWӯGӏFKQӝL EjRYLNKXҭQB subtilis 76

3.4 ChӃ tҥoGXQJGӏFKNHREҥc nano - chitosan bҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃu xҥ 77

3.4.1 LiӅu xҥ bão hòa cӫa dung dӏch bҥc có nӗQJÿӝ bҥc nitrate khác nhau 77

3.4.2 ҦQKKѭӣng cӫa nӗQJÿӝ FKLWRVDQOrQNtFKWKѭӟc hҥt bҥc nano 81

3.4.3 ҦQKKѭӣng cӫa khӕLOѭӧng phân tӱ 0Z FKLWRVDQOrQNtFKWKѭӟc hҥt EҥF nano 82

xi

3.4.4 ҦQK Kѭӣng cӫD FKLWRVDQ Fy ÿӝ deacetyl hóa (DD) khác nhau lên kích

WKѭӟc hҥt bҥc nano 84

3.4.5 TKӡLJLDQ әQ ÿӏnh cӫa dung dӏch keo bҥc nano - chitosan theo thӡi gian OѭXWUӳ 85

3.5 HiӋu lӵc ӭc chӃ nҩm C cassiicola cӫa dung dӏch keo bҥc nano WURQJÿLӅX NLӋQ in vitro 87

3.5.1 HLӋXOӵFӭc chӃQҩPC cassiicolaFӫDGXQJGӏch keo bҥFQDQRÿѭӧc tәng hӧp tӯ dӏch nӝi bào vi khuҭn B subtilis ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDX 87

3.5.2 +LӋXOӵFӭc chӃQҩPC cassiicolaFӫDGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR -FKLWRVDQ YӟLFiFNtFKWKѭӟc hҥt bҥc nano khác nhau 89

3.5.3 +LӋXOӵFӭc chӃQҩPC cassiicolaFӫDGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR -FKLWRVDQ YӟLYӟLFiFQӗQJÿӝEҥFQDQRNKiFQKDX 91

3.5.4 So sánh hiӋu lӵc ӭc chӃ nҩm C cassiicola cӫa dung dӏch keo bҥc nano ÿѭӧc tәng hӧp tӯ dӏch nӝi bào vi khuҭn B subtilis vӟi dung dӏch keo bҥc nano- chitosan 94

3.5.5 ҦQK KѭӣQJFӫD QӗQJ ÿӝYj NtFKWKѭӟF KҥW EҥF QDQR FӫD GXQJGӏFKNHR EҥFQDQR-FKLWRVDQÿӃQKuQKWKiLVӧLQҩPCorynespora cassicola 98

3.6 HiӋu lӵF SKzQJ EӋQK Yj WUӏ EӋQK Uөng lá Corynespora cӫa cây cao su trong YѭӡQѭѫPFӫa dung dӏch keo bҥc nano - chitosan 100

3.6.1 HiӋu lӵFSKzQJEӋQK rөng lá Corynespora cӫDFk\FDRVXWURQJYѭӡQ ѭѫP cӫDGXQJGӏFKNHREҥc nano - chitosan 100

3.6.2 HiӋu lӵFWUӏEӋQKrөng lá Corynespora cӫDFk\FDRVXWURQJYѭӡQѭѫP cӫD GXQJGӏFKNHREҥc nano - chitosan 106

&+ѬѪ1* KӂT LUҰN VÀ KIӂN NGHӎ 118

4.1 KӃt luұn 118

4.2 KiӃn nghӏ 118

DANH MӨ&&Ð1*75Î1+Ĉ­&Ð1*%Ӕ 119

TÀI LIӊU THAM KHҦO 120

3+Ө/Ө& 128

xii

DANH MӨC CÁC HÌNH

+uQK  &iF GҥQJ WULӋX FKӭQJ EӋQK &RU\QHVSRUD GR QҩP C cassiicola gây ra trên

lá cây cao su [9] 10

+uQK  &iF GҥQJ WULӋX FKӭQJ EӋQK Corynespora GR QҩP C cassiicola gây ra trên gân lá cây cao su [9] 10

+uQK  &iF GҥQJ WULӋX FKӭQJ EӋQK Corynespora GR QҩP C cassiicola gây ra trên FXӕQJOiFk\FDRVX [9] 11

+uQK  &iF GҥQJ WULӋX FKӭQJ EӋQK &RU\QHVSRUD GR QҩP C cassiicola gây ra trên FKӗLFk\FDRVX [9] 11

+uQK  &iF GҥQJ WULӋX FKӭQJ EӋQK &RU\QHVSRUD GR QҩP C cassiicola gây ra trên WiQOiFKӗLFk\FDRVX[9] 11

+uQK+uQKWKiLNKXҭQW\QҩPC cassiicola [9] 15

+uQK%jRWӱQҩPC cassiicola GѭӟLNtQKKLӇQYLÿLӋQWӱ>@ 15

+uQK&ѫFKӃGLӋWYLNKXҭQFӫD EҥFQDQRWK{QJTXDFiFWѭѫQJWiFYӟLSURWHLQYj nucleic acid [33] 21

+uQK&ѫFKӃGLӋWQҩPFӫDEҥFQDQRWK{QJTXDWiFÿӝQJFӫDFiFJӕFR[\KyDWӵ do 526 ÿӃQW\WKӇYj'1$>@ 22

+uQK&iFFѫFKӃWiFÿӝQJFӫDEҥFQDQRÿӃQYLVLQKYұW>@ 23

+uQK &ѫFKӃJLҧWKX\ӃWFӫDTXiWUuQKWәQJKӧSEҥFQDQR [40] 25

+uQK9LNKXҭQB subtilis GѭӟLNtQKKLӇQYL>@ 26

+uQK9LNKXҭQB thuringiensisGѭӟLNtQKKLӇQYL>@ 27

+uQK&ҩXWU~FSKkQWӱFӫDFKLWRVDQ>@ 33

+uQKSѫÿӗqXiWUuQKNKҧRViWNKҧQăQJ VLQKWUѭӣQJFӫDYLNKXҭQB subtilis và B thuringiensis 41

+uQK6ѫÿӗTX\WUuQKWәQJKӧSEҥF nanoWӯGӏFKQӝLEjRYLNKXҭQB subtilis 43

+uQK  6ѫ ÿӗ TXi WUuQK FKӃ WҥR GXQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR - FKLWRVDQ EҵQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiSFKLӃX[ҥ 44

+uQK&k\FDRVXÿѭӧFWUӗQJәQÿӏQKWURQJYѭӡQѭѫP 49

+uQK*k\YӃWWKѭѫQJWUrQOiFk\FDRVXWURQJYѭӡQѭѫP 50

+uQK3KXQKX\ӅQSKEjRWӱQҩPOrQOiFk\FDRVXÿӇFKӫQJEӋQK 51

+uQK6ѫÿӗ tәng quát các nӝi dung nghiên cӭX««««««««««««« +uQK7ҧQQҩPC cassiicola VDXQJj\QX{LFҩ\ 54

+uQK%jRWӱFӫDQҩPC cassiicola VDXQJj\QX{LFҩ\ YұWNtQK[ 55

+uQK  ӃW TXҧ VR ViQK YӟL FiF WUuQK Wӵ Fy WURQJ QJkQ KjQJ JHQ EҵQJ F{QJ Fө BLAST 56

+uQK7ӕFÿӝSKiWWULӇQFӫDKӋVӧLQҩPC cassiicola WUrQFiFP{LWUѭӡQJ 58

+uQK  6ӵ JLD WăQJ ÿѭӡQJ NtQK FӫD WҧQ QҩP C cassiicola WKHR WKӡL JLDQ WUrQ P{L WUѭӡQJ3'$WKҥFKPDOWYjWKҥFKOiFDRVX 58

+uQK6ӵJLDWăQJÿѭӡQJNtQKFӫDWҧQQҩPC cassiicola WKHRWKӡLJLDQӣFiF pH

VDXTXiWUuQKWәQJKӧSEҥFQDQR 68+uQK0jXVҳFFӫDGXQJGӏFKQӝLEjRYj[iFWӃEjRYLNKXҭQWUѭӟFYjVDXNKL WәQJKӧSEҥFQDQR 69+uQK4XDQJSKәKҩSWKөFӫDGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQRÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWӯGӏFK QӝL

EjRYLNKXҭQB subtilis ӣFiFS+NKiFQKDX 70

+uQK  'XQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR ÿѭӧF WәQJ KӧS Wӯ GӏFK QӝL EjR YL NKXҭQ

B subtilis ӣFiFS+NKiFQKDX 70

+uQK6ӵSKkQEӕNtFKWKѭӟFFӫDFiFKҥWEҥFQDQRWURQJGXQJGӏFKNHRQDQR EҥF

ÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWӯGӏFKQӝLEjRYLNKXҭQB subtilis ӣFiFS+NKiFQKDX 72

+uQK4XDQJSKәKҩSWKөFӫDGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQRÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWӯGӏFK QӝL

EjRYLNKXҭQB subtilis ӣFiFQKLӋWÿӝNKác nhau 73

+uQK  'XQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR ÿѭӧF WәQJ KӧS Wӯ GӏFK QӝL EjR YL NKXҭQ

xiv

+uQK  ҦQK 7(0 FӫD FiF PүX GXQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR - chitosan  P0 EҥF QLWUDWHYӟLQӗQJÿӝFKLWRVDQNKiFQKDXVDXNKLFKLӃX[ҥ 82+uQK  ҦQK 7(0 FӫD PүX GXQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR - FKLWRVDQ JӗP  P0 EҥF nitrate,FKLWRVDQFyNKӕLOѭӧQJSKkQWӱNKiFQKDXVDXNKLFKLӃX[ҥ 83+uQK  ҦQK 7(0 FӫD GXQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR - chitosan ÿѭӧF әQ ÿӏQK EҵQJ

FKLWRVDQFyÿӝ GHDFHW\OKyD khác nhau 85

+uQK4XDQJ SKәKҩSWKөFӫDGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR - FKLWRVDQWKHRWKӡLJLDQOѭXWUӳ 86

+uQK6ӵWăQJWUѭӣQJFӫDWҧQQҩP C cassiicolaNKLEәVXQJGXQJGӏFKNHREҥF QDQR ÿѭӧF WәQJ KӧS Wӯ GӏFK QӝL EjR YL NKXҭQ B subtilis ӣ FiF QӗQJ ÿӝ NKiF QKDX

VDXQJj\QX{LFҩ\ 88

+uQK7ҧQQҩPC cassiicolaNKLEәVXQJGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQRÿѭӧFWәQJ KӧS Wӯ GӏFK QӝL EjR YL NKXҭQ B subtilis ӣ FiF QӗQJ ÿӝ NKiF QKDX VDX  QJj\ QX{L

+uQK  Ҧnh SEM cӫa hӋ sӧi nҩm C cassiicola sau khi phun dung dӏch keo bҥc

nano - chitosan vӟi nӗQJÿӝ YjNtFKWKѭӟc hҥt bҥFWUXQJEuQKNKiFQKDX««««

+uQK%LӇXKLӋQGRQҩPC cassiicolaJk\UDWUrQOiFӫDFk\FDRVX 101

+uQK&k\FDRVXWURQJYѭӡQѭѫPÿѭӧF[ӱOêGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR(10 nm) ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDXVDXQJj\FKӫQJEӋQK 105 +uQK3.429ӃWEӋQKWUѭӟFYjVDXNKL[ӱOêGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR- chitosan «« +uQK3.43 &k\FDRVXWURQJYѭӡQѭѫPVDXQJj\[ӱOêEҵQJGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR-FKLWRVDQQP ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDX ««««««««««««««

+uQK3.44 4X\WUuQKWҥRKX\ӅQSK B subtilis «««««««««««««« +uQK3.45 4X\WUuQKWҥRKX\ӅQSK B thuringiensis ««««««««««««

+uQK  4X\ WUuQK WҥR GXQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR ÿѭӧF WәQJ KӧS Wӯ GӏFK QӝL EjR YL

NKXҭQB subtilis 115

+uQK  4X\ WUuQK FKӃ WҥR GXQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR - FKLWRVDQ EҵQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS FKLӃX[ҥWLDJDPPD&R-«««««««««««««««««««««« 116

%ҧQJҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDFiFQӗQJÿӝGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR-chitosan (10nm) ÿӃQWӹOӋOiFk\FDRVXEӏQKLӉPEӋQK 102

%ҧQJ&KLӅXFDRFӫDFk\FDRVXsauFKӫQJEӋQKÿmÿѭӧF[ӱOêWUѭӟFEҵQJ GXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR-FKLWRVDQQP ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDX 103

%ҧQJ&KLӅXFDRWăQJWUѭӣQJFӫDFk\FDRVXVDXFKӫQJEӋQKÿmÿѭӧF[ӱOê WUѭӟFEҵQJGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR- FKLWRVDQQP ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDX 104

%ҧQJҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDFiFQӗQJÿӝGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR-chitosan (10nm) ÿӃQWӹOӋFk\FDRVXEӏQKLӉPEӋQK 108

%ҧQJҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDFiFQӗQJÿӝGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQR-chitosan (10nm) ÿӃQWӹOӋOiFk\FDRVXEӏQKLӉPEӋQK 109

%ҧQJ&KӍVӕEӋQK&RU\QHVSRUDFӫDFk\FDRVXVDXNKLSKXQGXQJGӏFKNHR EҥFQDQR-FKLWRVDQQP ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDX 110

%ҧQJ  &KLӅX FDR FӫD Fk\ FDR VX VDX NKL [ӱ Oê EҵQJ GXQJ GӏFK NHR EҥF QDQR FKLWRVDQQP ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDX 111

-%ҧQJ&KLӅXFDRWăQJWUѭӣQJFӫDFk\FDRVXVDXNKL[ӱOêEҵQJGXQJGӏFKNHR EҥFnano - chitosan (10 nm)ӣFiFQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDX 112

%ҧQJ7yPWҳWÿһFÿLӇPFӫD4 FKӃSKҭP 117

EPA Environmental Protection Agency - &ѫTXDQEҧRYӋP{LWUѭӡQJ+RD.Ǥ

FDA Food and Drug Administration - &ѫTXDQ4XҧQOê7KӵFSKҭPYj7KXӕF

TEM Transmission electron microscopy - tQKKLӇQYLÿLӋQWӱWUX\ӅQTXD

TSA Trypto - casein soy agar

TSB Trypto - casein soy broth

UV-Vis Ultraviolet-visible - 3KәWӱQJRҥLYjNKҧNLӃQ

w/v KӕLOѭӧQJWKӇtích

w/w KӕLOѭӧQJNKӕLOѭӧQJ

1

MӢ ĈҪU

ĈһWYҩQÿӅ

Cây cao su (Hevea brasiliensis) Oj Fk\ F{QJ QJKLӋS GjL QJj\ Fy JLi WUӏ NLQK WӃ FDR,

FXQJ FҩS Pӫ Yj Jӛ FKR QKLӅX QJjQK F{QJ QJKLӋS 7URQJ QKӳQJ QăP JҫQ ÿk\ VҧQOѭӧQJ Pӫ NK{QJ QJӯQJ ÿѭӧF QkQJ FDR QKӡ QKӳQJ FҧL WLӃQ YӅ JLӕQJ Nӻ WKXұW Q{Qg QJKLӋSTX\WUuQKNKDLWKiF«7tQKVѫEӝQăP2017GLӋQWtFKFDRVXFҧQѭӟFÿҥWJҫQ971.600 KDYӟLVҧQOѭӧQJ1.086.700 WҩQ Toàn ngành cao su [XҩWNKҭX1.380.257 WҩQ, ÿҥW NLP QJҥFK [XҩW NKҭX KѫQ 2,2 Wӹ 86', Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ PһW KjQJ [XҩW NKҭXFKtQKFӫD9LӋW1DP[1]

ĈӇÿiSӭQJQKXFҫXNLQKWӃFiFGzQJFDRVXÿѭӧFOӵDFKӑQWKHRKѭӟQJVLQKWUѭӣQJPҥQK &QJYӟLVӵVLQKWUѭӣQJ PҥQKFӫDFk\FDRVXWKuQKӳQJWKLӋWKҥLGREӋQKJk\UDFNJQJJLDWăQJ0һWNKiFWuQKKuQKWKӡLWLӃW- NKtKұXFyQKLӅXWKD\ÿәLYjGLӉQELӃQSKӭFWҥSYLӋFSKiWWULӇQYjFKX\rQFDQKFk\WUӗQJWUrQGLӋQUӝQJWURQJYQJNKtKұXQyQJҭPPѭDQKLӅX ÿmGүQÿӃQVӵSKiWVLQK- SKiWWULӇQPҥQKFҧYӅFKӫQJORҥLFNJQJQKѭPӭFÿӝEӋQKJk\ҧQKKѭӣQJNK{QJQKӓÿӃQYҩQÿӅFDQKWiFYjKLӋXTXҧNLQKWӃOjPJLҧP VҧQOѭӧQJYjJLDWăQJFKLSKtVҧQ[XҩW+LӋQQD\cây FDRVXÿѭӧFSKiWWULӇQPҥQKGѭӟLGҥQJWLӇXÿLӅQQrQWKLӋWKҥLGREӋQKJk\UDÿmҧQKKѭӣQJWUӵFWLӃSÿӃQÿӡLVӕQJFӫDQKӳQJQJѭӡLWUӗQJFDRVX

%ӋQKUөQJOi&RU\QHVSRUDGRQҩPCorynespora cassiicola (Berk & Curt.) Wei gây ra

ÿmJk\WKLӋWKҥLUҩWQJKLrPWUӑQJÿӕLYӟLQJjQKFDRVXNK{QJFKӍӣ9LӋW1DPPjFzQӣQKLӅX TXӕF JLD OmQK WKә WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL Ӣ 9LӋW 1DP EӋQK UөQJ Oi &RU\QHVSRUD [XҩWKLӋQWӯQăPÿӃQQăPEӋQKÿmEQJSKiWPҥQKWKjQKGӏFKYjQJj\FjQJWUӣQrQQJKLrPWUӑQJNKRҧQJKDFDRVXWUrQÿӏDEjQWӍQKEӏQKLӉPEӋQK7ính ÿӃQQăPWuQKKuQKGӏFKEӋQKGLӉQELӃQFӵFNǤSKӭFWҥSJLDWăQJYӅFҧGLӋQWtFKQKLӉPYjPӭFÿӝJk\KҥL

9ӟLKLӋQWUҥQJGӏFKEӋQKEQJSKiWWKuWKXӕFKRiKӑFWUѭӟFPҳWYүQJLӳYDLWUzFKӫOӵFtrong công tác WUӏ EӋQK &NJQJ QKѭ QKLӅX ORҥL KRi FKҩW NKiF WKXӕF WUӯ QҩP

7ӯ FiFYҩQÿӅ QrXWUrQÿӅWjL³1JKLrQFӭXWҥRGXQJGӏFKNHREҥFQDQRÿӇSKzQJWUӯ

EӋQKUөQJOi&RU\QHVSRUDWUrQFk\FDRVXGRQҩPCorynespora cassiicola´ ÿѭӧFWKӵF

KLӋQ

MөFWLrXÿӅWjL

Tìm hiӇu bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora trên cây cao su do nҩm Corynespora cassiicola

Jk\UDYjWuPSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥo chӃ phҭm phòng trӯ bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora có hiӋu quҧ trong phòng thí nghiӋPYjWUrQFk\FDRVXWURQJYѭӡQѭѫP

ĈӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭX

1ҩP C cassiicola ÿѭӧFSKkQOұSWӯOiFӫDcây cao su EӏEӋQK&RU\QHVSRUDWUӗQJWҥL

ĈӗQJ Nai

1ӝLGXQJQJKLrQFӭX

- Phân lұp và khҧo sát mӝt sӕ \ӃX Wӕ ҧQK KѭӣQJ OrQ Vӵ VLQK WUѭӣQJ cӫa nҩm

C cassiicola gây bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora trên cây cao su, tӯ ÿyÿһt kӃ hoҥch tҥo

chӃ phҭm phòng chӕng chúng

- KҧRViWNKҧQăQJÿӕi NKiQJQҩPC cassiicolaFӫDB subtilis và B thuringiensis

- KҧR ViW NKҧ QăQJ WәQJ KӧS EҥF QDQR Wӯ GӏFK QӝL Ejo FӫD YL NKXҭQ B subtilis Fy NKҧQăQJNKiQJQҩPC cassiicola

- ChӃ tҥo dung dӏch keo bҥc nano - chitosan có khҧ QăQJ ӭc chӃ nҩm C cassiicola

bҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃu xҥ

- Khҧo sát khҧ QăQJӭc chӃ nҩm C cassiicola cӫa dung dӏch keo bҥc nano WURQJÿLӅu kiӋn in vitro

3

- Khҧo sát khҧ QăQJ phòng và trӏ bӋnh rөng lá Corynespora do nҩm C cassiicola

gây ra trên cây cao su 9 tháng tuәi WURQJYѭӡQѭѫPcӫa dung dӏch keo bҥc nano - chitosanFyNtFKWKѭӟFKҥWEҥF10 nm

nano - chitosan

éQJKƭDWKӵFWLӉQ

/XұQiQJySSKҫQWuPUDJLҧLSKiSSKzQJYjWUӏEӋQKUөQJOi&RU\QHVSRUDGRQҩPC cassiicola gây ra trên cây cao su %ѭӟF ÿҫX WKjQK F{QJ WUrQ Fk\ FDR VX 9 WKiQJ WXәL

WURQJYѭӡQѭѫP

9LӋFӭQJGөQJEҥFQDQRÿӇSKzQJYjWUӏEӋQKUөQJOi&RU\QHVSRUDFӫD cây cao su là PӝWSKѭѫQJSKiSPӟLFyKLӋXTXҧÿiSӭQJPӝWVӕYҩQÿӅVDX

- Áp dөng công nghӋ cao phөc vө sҧn xuҩt nông nghiӋp

- 9LӋFJLҧP sӱ dөng các loҥi thuӕc bҧo vӋ thӵc vұt hóa hӑc sӁ JySSKҫQbҧo vӋ sӭc khӓe cӫa nông dân

4

4 ChӭQJPLQKÿѭӧc hiӋu quҧ cӫa dung dӏch keo bҥc nano - chitosan chӃ tҥRÿѭӧFÿӕi vӟi bӋnh rөQJOi&RU\QHVSRUDWUrQFk\FDRVXWURQJYѭӡQѭѫP

5

1.1 Tәng quan vӅ cây cao su

1.1.1 Ĉ̿c ÿL͋m sinh h͕c cͯa cây cao su

&k\FDRVXFyWrQNKRDKӑFOjHevea brasiliensis Müller Arg tKXӝFKӑEuphorbiaceae

Kӑ7KҫXGҫX FyEӝQKLӉPVҳFWKӇOѭӥQJEӝLQ FyJLiWUӏ NLQKWӃOӟQQKҩWWURQJ

chi Hevea GRFyNKҧQăQJtLӃWUDFKҩWGӏFKOӓQJ PӫFDRVX