Luyen Kien Sample task 1 band 9 hay

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BÀI 1:

The table illustrates motor vehicle ownership per 1,000 people in 8 different countries

in the years 1990 and 2000

Overall, there were rises in the per-capita numbers of motorized vehicles in

Luxembourg, New Zealand, Brazil and Jordan, while Bahamas, Chile and Romania saw decreases It is also noticeable that the figure for Cambodia was negligible, and it stayed the same over the period

Looking first at countries with increases, motor vehicles were the most popular in Luxembourg, with 548 vehicles of this type owned per each 1,000 inhabitants,

followed closely by the figure for New Zealand, at 531 vehicles per thousand people (vptp) Over the next decade, Luxembourg had seen a considerable rise of almost 50%

to 728 vptp, far exceeding the figure for New Zealand, which had risen slightly to 557 vptp and still retained its second place However, the steepest growth in motor vehicle ownership per capita was observed in Brazil and Jordan, whose figures both stood at

68 vptp at the beginning of the period and soared to 135 and 157 vptp at the end

Moving on to countries that showed declining trends, despite recording a significant fall of almost 10%, to 287 vptp, Bahamas still retained its third position in terms of the popularity of motor vehicles Chile and Romania, meanwhile, witnessed a marginal decrease, finishing the period at 52 vptp and 48 vptp, respectively Turning finally to

Cambodia, it had an extremely low level of motor vehicle ownership, with the rate being 1 vptp in both years

BÀI 2:

Overall, people's opinions generally became more polarized, with significant

decreases in 'neither good or bad' responses Additionally, over the period, most

aspects were perceived more positively, except for education and the environment

Education was the most positive aspect in 1980, with 82% of people giving 'good' feedback, and it also received the least 'bad' feedback, at 6% However, this category was approved by 6% fewer in 2010, with a corresponding increase seen in 'negative' ratings Environment also had a lower approval rate, and it received far more 'bad' responses, at 20%

The most significant increase (almost 20%) in 'good' feedback was seen in healthcare, with a rise to 83%, making it the most positive aspect in 2010 Shops remained the second most positive aspect, with a slight increase in 'good' ratings to 81%

Meanwhile, transport and accommodation also improved, and the former rose from

the worst aspect in 1980 to surpass the environment and accommodation categories over the period, finishing at 67% The latter, on the other hand, was the only category that also received more of 'negative ratings, resulting in a twofold drop in 'neutral' ratings, ending at 17% (207 words)

BÀI 3:

The table illustrates how many cars were produced in three countries, namely

Argentina, Australia and Thailand, between 2003 and 2009

Overall, while there were rises in car production in Thailand and Argentina, Australia saw a significant fall Additionally, Thailand was consistently by far the largest car producer

During the first two years, car manufacturing in Thailand saw an increase of about 50%, from 735,852 to a peak of 1,162,356 A similar change was also seen in

Argentina's car output It was smallest in 2003, but it rose by just over 100,000 to 352,759, slightly exceeding that of Australia, whose figure fell by a similar amount

Between 2005 and 2009, the changes observed earlier in car production in Argentina and Australia remained, with the former growing by 100,000 and the latter decreasing

by the same amount, while Thailand's production witnessed a fall of just over

150,000 In 2009, Thailand produced almost 1,000,000 cars, double the figure for Argentina and four times that for Australia (167 words)

BÀI 4:

The chart illustrates the size of Jakarta's, Sao Paulo's, and Shanghai's population in

1990, along with projected and actual figures for the year 2000

Overall, while Jakarta and Sao Paulo were predicted to see population rise

significantly, Shanghai was thought to witness a slight decline However, in reality, these cities's population size all increased, and their actual growth far surpassed what was projected

Sao Paulo had the largest population in 1990, with about 17 million people residing in

it, having twice as many citizens as Jakarta These populations were anticipated to grow by 5 million and 2.5 million after 10 years However, these predictions were off

by roughly 2 million

Shanghai was home to a far smaller population, at 12 million in 1990, and this was the only city that was believed to see a slight reduction in population size However, this prediction was far off, as there was an increase of about 3 million in the number of residents in this city (170 words)

Between 2002 and 2008, the use of cellular phone and internet services rose even more significantly, reaching peaks of 65 million and just over 20 million users

respectively Meanwhile, the remaining services had risen by roughly 4 million by the end of the period (166 words)

Suitable degree courses were stated by 35% of students in 1987, and this figure rose slightly 20 years later The most significant rise was seen in the proportion of students choosing the examined university due to its closeness to their parents, with figures more than doubling, from 10% to 22%

The other factors became less important, with the most considerable drop seen in the availability of good sports and social activities, from 19% to only 6% The quality of teaching also became much less influential, as the percentage of students stating it halved, ending at 8% The quality of resources also saw a fall, but it was much less pronounced, with 17% students giving this reason in 2007, down 4% from 1987 (178 words)

Thereafter, joblessness fell sharply to 13% in 1990, before recovering to nearly 17%

As a result, emigration saw a substantial fall to 350,000 in 1992 and rose slightly two years later The proportion of unemployed individuals then witnessed another sharp decrease in 2002, to a low of 5% Correspondingly, emigrant numbers hit a trough at 25,000 in 2004

Towards the end of the period, Ireland's unemployment rate rose slightly There was,

by contrast, a marked increase in the number of Icelandic people leaving their country from 2002 onwards, ending at 50,000, but this was still lower than the 1988 peak (171 word)

BÀI 8:

The bar chart illustrates car ownership trends in a particular country in Europe from

1971 to 2001

Overall, as more families owned 1, and 2 or more cars, the percentage of families with

no car fell considerably Additionally, one-car families had become the most popular from 1991 onwards

Between 1971 and 1981, households with no car accounted for the largest share, with figures decreasing from 47% to 42% Families with one car also saw a slight decline, and these decreases corresponded with a significant rise in 2-or-more-car families, from 16% to almost 30%, but this figure was still the lowest

Over the following 20 years, there was a significant increase in the percentage of families owning one car, reaching the same peak with no-car families in 1971,

followed by a slight decline Although families with 2 or more cars fell considerably

in 1991, they rose back to their 1981 peak 10 years later The biggest fall (almost 15%) in families with no car was observed in 1991, and this type of families decreased slightly, matching with the figure for two-or-more-car families at the end of the

period

BÀI 9:

The table illustrates how much financial aid was given to developing countries by the

US, EU countries and other countries between 2006 and 2010

Overall, there was a considerable rise in the total amount, and this primarily resulted from significant rises in financial assistance from the US EU members and other countries only raised their aid very gradually It is also noticeable that all countries reduced their aid slightly in 2009

Support coming from the US consistently accounted for around two-thirds of the total amount of aid given to developing nations in any given year In 2006, this country's aid tallied at almost 10 million dollars, and by 2008, it had almost doubled its

international aid package, with 17 million dollars used for this purpose This figure then fell slightly before rising to 20.3 million in 2010

By contrast, the amount of money given to developing countries by EU countries fluctuated slightly around the 3.5 million mark, with a peak of 4.1 million in the final year Other countries' numbers were slightly lower throughout, hovering around 3.2 million (182 words)

A total of 12.1 million people who visited London came from other countries in 1996, slightly lower than UK visit numbers However, a slight fall of almost 1 million

visitors was seen in the former, while the latter rose by 4 million, reaching 16.9

million in 2001

Regarding overseas visits, 54% of visitors were holiday-makers, but this figure fell slightly to 45% five years later By stark contrast, those going on a business trip and visiting friends or family members accounted for larger proportions, rising from 20% and 14% to 26% and 19% respectively, while other unspecified reasons remained unchanged at 12%

As for UK visits, a significant rise, from 37% to 49%, was seen in UK citizens visiting London on holiday, and it corresponded with a huge drop in the figure for meeting friends or relatives The other reasons saw little change, with business/ conference trips making up 21% in both years, while about 3% gave other reasons (203 words)

The recommended intake of salt was 2,500 milligrams for all age groups, but children under 6 years old were the only group that did not adhere to this Boys and girls in this age bracket only ate 2,000 and about 1,400 milligrams of salt respectively

Female salt intake more than doubled among 6-11-year-olds, reaching 3,000

milligrams However, this stayed virtually unchanged in older age groups, with the exception of those aged 60 and above, who typically consumed exactly the suggested amount

The figure for men, by contrast, rose significantly with age and peaked among year-olds, with a figure of 4,500, widening the salt intake gap between the two

20-39-genders Men's numbers then fell steadily to 3,500 milligrams among those aged 60+, still far higher than the recommended amount (194 words)

Regarding accommodation and transport costs, the former category costs the most for

a single retiree, with a figure of $184, accounting for just over one-fourth of the total ($684) This figure is $10 lower than that of a couple, which made up about one fifth

of their total spending ($931) As for transport, this category costs almost the same amount for both groups, at around $107

Clear differences were seen in spending on health care and leisure, with retired

individuals living alone paying two-thirds of couples for these two areas While the former group spends $140 and $122 on leisure activities and health care needs, the figures for the latter are $202 and $177

Expenditures on clothing, food, and other unspecified aspects for a single retired person are similar, with these tallying to about $130, while retired couples pay twice

as much (189 words)

BÀI 13:

The chart illustrates young people's opinions regarding five aspects of life in Europe

in the next 20 years

Overall, most areas are thought to get worse, with air quality receiving the most

negative predictions, while only people's communication will likely improve,

according to young respondents in the survey

Most young people express concerns towards the quality of air, with almost 80% of them saying that it will get worse, while only 20% are optimistic about this area in the future Water quality is another area that negative projections far outnumber positive ones, by 3 to 2 Healthcare received a minimally higher percentage of positive

predictions than water quality, but negative ones still evidently dominate

Food quality is the only facet that receives an almost equal number of positive and negative ratings, with the scale still tipping slightly towards negative ones

Meanwhile, the opinion that communication between people will become better is held by the majority of young people, with 2 in 3 youngsters giving this prediction (164 words)

BÀI 14:

The table illustrates which type of TV programs young people in different age

brackets in a country in Europe preferred in 2012

Overall, only feature films and sports were similarly popular across the three age groups, while clear differences were seen in the other types of TV programs

Looking first at feature films and sports, the former was the most popular among 20-year-olds, at 23%, and the figures for those aged 21-25 and 11-15 were slightly lower, at 20% and 18% respectively The opposite pattern was seen in sports

15-programs 22% of 11-15-year-olds and 21-25-year-olds preferred these programs, while only 18% of people in the 15-20 age group did so

In the case of cartoons, preference levels dropped significantly with age, from 29% among 11-15-year-olds to only 4% among 21-25-year-olds The reverse pattern was observed in news programs, with figures rising from 6% to 23% TV dramas also saw

a rising trend, but to a lesser extent, from 8% of those aged 11-15 to 19% of those aged 21-25 As for soap operas, those in the ages of 11-15 and 21-25 have a similar level of preference, at around 18%, compared to 12% of those aged 15-20 (197

words)

Almost half of the women vote for increased spending on the healthcare sector,

compared to only 32% of their male counterparts The reverse pattern was seen in the field of education, with figures of 55% and 40% However, a similar percentage of both genders (12%) support the idea of increasing state subsidies for other facets

Increased funds for health appeal to older age groups, with figures rising from 25% (18-24) to 72% (65+) A somewhat opposite pattern is seen in the education sector, as approval rates drop from 52% of 25-34-year-olds, to only 12% of people aged 65 and over However, the percentage of those voting for more subsidies for other unspecified areas is around 30% in each group, except for those aged 25-34 (13%) and 65+ (16%) (193 words)

BÀI 16:

The given chart illustrates how many men and women in various age groups in the

UK consumed five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on a daily basis 2006

Overall, females were slightly more likely than males to eat the suggested amount of fruit and vegetables, with the exception of those aged 75+ Additionally, the

proportions increased steadily with age and peaked in the 55-64 age group

Regarding males, their figure rose from 15% among those 19-24-year-olds to about 23% among 35-44-year-olds, which was also the data for those aged 45-54 It then rose significantly and peaked at 33% among those in the 55-64 age bracket, and this figure dropped in older age groups, with one in four people aged 75+ having the same eating habit

As for females, their data broadly followed the same patterns, with figures rising from approximately 16% of women in the ages of 19-24 to a peak of almost 35% among those in the 55-64 age band Adherence then also fell, with just as many women who are 75 and over eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables (185 words)

BÀI 17:

The tables illustrate the results of a survey concerning three aspects of a new theater in

an unspecified town in the year 2012

Overall, the vast majority of the survey's participants gave 'excellent' or 'satisfactory' responses concerning these aspects, with information receiving the most 'poor'

feedback Additionally, club members's opinions were generally more positive than the general public's, except for feedback on information

Regarding quality and facilities, these aspects received almost the same 'poor' ratings, with 2% of members and 8% of non-members giving this feedback By contrast, quality was the most positive aspect, according to club members, with 88% giving 'excellent' feedback, but it received the lowest excellent ratings from the public, at 53% The gap in this type of responses for facilities was much smaller Satisfactory' feedback was the most prevalent among the public when it comes to quality, at 40%

The information category received the least ‘excellent' responses from club members (54%), but the most from the public (66%) It is also the only aspect that club

members gave more 'poor' feedback than the public (16% compared to 14%)

BÀI 18:

The first bar chart illustrates how many buses were expected to and actually arrived on time from 1999 to 2003, while the second chart shows how many complaints were filed regarding the punctuality of these buses over the same period

Overall, there was a steady decline in the target punctuality figure, it was only

achieved once in 2003 Despite this, this year also recorded the largest number of complaints

Regarding the punctuality of the bus services, it was the highest in 1999, with 85% of their trips being on time, which was 1% lower than the target, as also seen in 2001 and

2002, despite the target being lower The target was missed by the largest margin (3%)

in 2000 due to a huge drop in actual punctuality By 2003, on-time bus journeys had risen to almost 85%, negligibly surpassing the target

As for complaint numbers, their changes generally correlated negatively with

punctuality figures, rising from a low of 70 to 100 after the first year They then fell slightly before rising to 110 in 2002 The year 2003 deviated from this pattern, with complaints reaching a peak of 120, despite punctuality rising and the target achieved (196 words)

BÀI 19:

The diagrams illustrate the details about two tunnels in two cities in Australia

Overall, it took much longer to build the older tunnel, but it cost half of the newer one Additionally, the newer tunnel is higher and longer and allows for greater traffic

capability

The construction of the first tunnel started in 1986, and it was finished in 1998, with four lanes to allow vehicles to travel through Meanwhile, the second one took only four years to finish (between 2002 and 2006) and is six lanes wide It is also

noticeable that the construction costs of the older tunnel were significantly lower that those of the newer one, with respective figures of $555 million and 1.1 billion

The first tunnel is 1.5m high, and 2.2 km long and was built under a bridge linking two sides of a river or a large lake As a result, it is underneath a body of water and a layer of sand The second one is taller and longer, with its height being 2.5m and its

length 3.6km, and is constructed under a highway, with a layer of stone and clay between the tunnel and the road (194 words)