INTRODUCTION
Rationale
In recent years, along with the development of the tourism industry, the lodging industry has been developing rapidly in Vietnam It not only acts as a place for guests to give the accomodation, but also a place for guests to enjoy food and beverage and relax
Although there are the number of tourists, the level of competition in the lodging industry is still increasing How can the managers operate their hotels most effectively to get more guests, especially repeat business? This requires their constant learning and research In order to help the hotel managers grasp and understand the nature of activities and trends in the lodging industry, many scientists have published the books related to this topic One of the cornerstones of the lodging industry is the "Foundations of Lodging Management" by David K. Hayes, Jack D Ninemeier and Allisha A Milner , 2012
Written in an easy-to-read, easy-to-understand style, Foundations of Lodging Management, explores how the lodging industry and the hotels in the industry operate With coverage of both small and large hotels, it addresses each department, including the front office, sales and marketing, housekeeping, maintenance and more This edition features more on green initiatives and expanded discussion of revenue optimisation These background issues are essential for any manager in the lodging business
Due to time constraints, I have completed the translation of chapter 3 "Guest service in the lodging industry" I believe this is a matter of great concern to many hotel managers as it is considered one of the most important tools for success in this industry.
Finally, I hope that the suggested translation will be enjoyable for Vietnamese readers who are interested in this book as well as provide everyone with an analysis of the ways for proper translating and dealing with challenging phrases and structures.
Aims and Objectives
This paper is carried out for the following aims:
Applying the translation theory to translate a text
Demonstrating my ability in translating a document
Having skills to analyze tough points or something that is easy to make misunderstand
Understanding and overcoming the linguistic hurdles existing between the two countries
This paper is performed for the following objectives:
Translating text smoothly and naturally
Analyzing complicated words, phrases, structures, contexts, etc.
Breaking down the language barrier for Vietnamese readers who are interested in this topic
Providing some solutions to improve the translation skills
Scope of the Study
This graduation paper is about the book " Foundations of Lodging Management" by David K Hayes, Jack D Ninemeier and Allisha A Milner , 2012. However, within the scope of the paper and due to time limitations, this paper only focuses on chapters 3 It is translated from the original version and given the analysis of a suggested translation of the text
Moreover, the paper will also discuss and analyze the challenges with which I encountered during the translation process, such as words and phrases with multi- meaning, how to apply English grammar and syntactic structures as well as word semantics.
The book “Foundations of Lodging Management” is a work by Prented Hall, author David K Hayes, Jack D Ninemeier and Allisha A Milner, published in
2012 This book includes 13 chapters and covers a wide range of issues from simple to complex It includes basic chapters that present an introduction to lodging industry to address each department, including the front office, sales and marketing, housekeeping, maintenance and more
As I mentioned above, there are 13 chapters with 382 pages in the book
“Foundations of Logding Management” However, I have only translated chapters
3 with about 20 pages and 7303 words in length due to the time limitation.
The book “Foundations of Logding Management” is divided into 13 chapters and the text which was chosen belongs to chapters 3
The text comes from the book “Foundations of Logding Management” ,which is written by David K Hayes, Jack D Ninemeier and Allisha A Milner and published in the 2th edition of Cengage Learning Publishing in 2012 This book is available on the website https://twitter.com/i/events/1186781654829821953 and is easily accessible for buying and reference.
Method of the Study
Using scanning and skimming skills to comprehend the primary content of the text
Reading each section of the text carefully to acquire key information
Discussing with my supervisor to figure out the best solution when I encountered difficulties
Analyzing sentences in terms of sentence elements and phrases in order to identify the type of sentence
Studying and analyzing the difficult words, and structures based on translation and grammar theories during the translation process
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation Theory
According to the dictionary, translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken from one language into another Based on the personal opinion of each person, we will have a different definition of translation As we know, there are many linguists in the world so they defined translation with their view These are some definitions of translation as follows:
“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) equivalent textual material in another language (TL).” (J.C.Catford) [1]
“Translation is a process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.” (Peter Newmark) [2]
We can think simply translation is an activity in that the translator will express ideas or messages from a language into another language with maintaining semantic and stylistic equivalencies
There are many types of categories of translation defined based on the extent, levels, and ranks of translation Types of categories can help us clearly understand and exactly use the ways of translation Therefore, we can convey full content and sense as well as avoid making mistakes when translating.
Translation devided into two types : full and partial
(i) According to JC Carford, full translation is every part of source language is replaced by target language text material through translation.[1]
His ability to see this was imagination that enabled him to build and operate the Great Northern Railway System
Suggested version : Sự thông minh của anh ta cho thấy rằng trí tưởng tượng cho phép anh ta xây dựng và vận hành Hệ thống Đường sắt lớn phía Bắc
(ii) According to JC Carford, partial translation is some parts of source language text are left untranslated and or incorporated in the target language text. [1]
“Áo dài” là một trong những trang phục truyền thống của phụ nữ Việt Nam Suggested version : “ Ao dai” is one of the traditional costumes of Vietnamese women.
(i) Total translation is replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent
TL grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of SL phonology/graphology by (non-equivalent) TL phonology/graphology.[1]
These greater opportunities of today call for greater efficiency than was acceptable 25 years ago
Suggested version : Những cơ hội lớn hơn của ngày hôm nay đòi hỏi năng lực ở mức cao hơn so với 25 năm trước
(ii)Restricted translation is replacement of SL textual material by equivalent
TL textual material, at only one level In restricted translation, translation is performed only at the phonological, Graphological, grammatical or lexical level [1]
Time flies like an arrow
Suggested version : thời gian thấm thoát thoi đưa
In phonological translation, SL phonology is replaced by equivalent TL phonology, but there are no other replacements except such grammatical or lexical changes as may result accidentally from phonological translation
Ex: Singapore Sing-ga-po
In graphological translation, SL graphology is replaced with equivalent TL graphology with no other replacements, except, again, accidental changes.
In transliteration, SL graphological units are replaced by TL graphological units; but these are not translation equivalents, since they are not selected on the basis of relationship to the same graphic substance
Ex: New Zealand Niu Di-lân
2.1.2.6 Free, Literal, and Word- for- word Translation
A “free” translation is always unbounded while “word-for-word” translation generally means what it says “Literal” translation lies between these extremes It may start from a “word-for-word” translation, but changes in conformity with TL grammar (inserting additional words, changing structures, etc) This may make it a group-group or clause-clause translation
Ex: I got my eye on you
Tôi có mắt của tôi trên bạn → Word-for-word translation.
Mắt tôi trên người bạn → Literal translation.
Tôi đang nhìn bạn → Free translation.
Principles and Methods of Translation
In fact, there are many Principles of Translation, but this graduation paper only refers to some general and relevant principles to all translations.
The context of the original language should be faithfully reflected in the translation Although a portion of the meaning may be transformed, translators should not add or remove anything arbitrarily
Ex: Close the window, please! Làm ơn đóng cửa sổ giùm mình!
The order of words and ideas in the translation should match the original as closely as possible This is particularly in the form and order of works When in doubt, underline in the original text the words on which the main stress falls In English, emphasis or main stress can be obtained through inversion of word order and using different structures
Ex: I go to school by bus Tôi đi đến trường bằng xe buýt.
Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context, for example, the business letter To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions
All of them have the same meaning: “Xin lỗi”.
One of the most frequent criticisms of translation is that "It doesn't sound natural"
This is because the translator's thoughts and choice of words are too strongly molded by the original text A good way of shaking off the SL influence is to set the text aside and translate a few sentences aloud from memory This will suggest natural patterns of thought in the first language (target language), which may not come to mind when the eyes are fixed on the SL text
Idiomatic expressions are notoriously untranslatable These include similes, metaphors, proverbs, sayings, jargons, slangs, colloquialisms and phrasal verbs
If the expressions cannot be directly translated, try any of the following:
- Retain the original word, in inverted commas:
Ex: “Ao dai”, “Banh xeo”, “Pho”
- Retain the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets:
Ex: Gừng càng già càng cay (With age comes wisdom)
Rồng đến nhà tôm (A superior comes to visit his inferior)
Ex: Thua keo này ta bày keo khác Better luck next time
- Use a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation:
Ex: No rose without a thorn Hồng nào mà chẳng có gai
Save for a rainy day Làm khi lành để dành khi đau
Note: The golden rule is if the idiom does not work in the target language, do not force it into translation.
The translator in general should not change the style of the original But if the text is sloppily written, or full of tedious repetitions, the translation may, for the reader’s sake, correct the defects
Ex:- He ate, and drank, and talked, and asked during the meal
Ông ấy vừa ăn uống luôn miệng nói, hỏi suốt cả bữa ăn.
- Hãy biết thương, biết yêu lấy đồng loại của mình!
Let’s love our human fellows!
* EMPTY SUBJECTS “IT” AND “THERE”
English sentences must have a subject (except for imperative sentences) So, if we don't have any other subject, we can use 'there' or 'it' This is sometimes called a 'dummy subject' or an 'empty subject'.
- We also use “it” as a dummy subject 'It' tends to be followed by an adjective rather than a noun phrase.
- “It” is used with 'be' + adj + to + infinitive.
Ex: It's nice to be here.
- “It” is used with 'be' + adj + verb-ing (this is considered less formal than to + infinitive, but the meaning is the same).
Ex: It's nice being here.
- We use “it” with times / dates and days.
- We use “it” for weather and similar conditions.
- We use “it” for distances.
Ex: It's three miles to Lucy's house.
- We use “it” with people on the telephone or with people that we can't see or when we point people out.
- We use “it” with some other expressions.
Ex: It takes two hours to get to London.
- We can also use “it” with passive reporting verbs.
Ex: It is believed that four-leaved clover can bring good luck.
- We can use “it” with cleft sentences.
Ex: It was John who cleaned the flat.
- “There” has two meanings Its first meaning is an adverb of place It's like
Ex: The book is there! (= The book is in that place.)
- “There” can also be a pronoun that doesn't really have a meaning, but is used as the subject of a sentence when otherwise the sentence wouldn't have a clear subject.
Ex: There's a book on the table (= A book is on the table / A book exists on the table.)
- We usually use “there” as a dummy subject with a noun or a noun phrase and the verb 'be' It's often used to introduce new information or say that something exists.
- We put what we really want to talk about after the verb.
Ex: There's a coffee shop next to the station.
- We can use “there” with any tense of 'be', including 'modal verb + be'.
Ex: There was an old man in the restaurant.
- We can use 'there' with question tags.
Ex: There'll be a lot to do, won't there?
- Traditionally, we use a plural verb after “there” to talk about a plural noun phrase and we use a singular verb with a singular noun phrase However, in informal speech, it's very common to use 'there's' for everything.
Ex: There are two houses on that street (Informal.)
- We tend to use “there” with indefinite noun phrases An indefinite noun phrase uses the indefinite article (a / an) or no article or a word like some / any / no.
We don't use 'the' or a proper noun (the name of a person or a place).
Ex: There's a shop on that road.
- However, we can use a definite noun phrase with 'there' when there means 'in that place'.
Ex: There's the book I was looking for! (=In that place is the book I was looking for.)
Another exception is that we can use names or definite noun phrases with
“there” (as a dummy subject) when we are suggesting different options, and the sentence is one where we would usually need a definite article In the example below, the person listening knows both restaurants
Ex: There's the restaurant on the hill or the restaurant by the station.
Where would you prefer to eat?
- We can use “there” with some other verbs and expressions that are followed by 'be' and a noun phrase.
Ex: There seems to be a problem.
- There can be used with an expression of quantity followed by to + infinitive.
Ex: There was lots to see.
- We can use 'for + noun' to show who we're talking about.
Ex: There was nothing for us to do.
- We can also use “there” with a verb other than 'be' This has a very literary feel (Here, we can use definite and indefinite noun phrases.)
Ex: Out of the darkness, there rode a knight, mounted on a fine horse. 2.2.2 Methods
Newmark, explores that “there are eight types of translation method: word-for- word, literal, faithful, semantic, adaptation, free, idiomatic, and communicative.” Here is the detail of eight types of translation method:
This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation with the TL immediately below the SL words The SL word order is preserved, and the words are translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context Cultural words are translated literally the main use of word-for-word translation is either to understand the mechanics of the SL or to construct a difficult text as a pre-translation process.
Ex: Love you to the moon and back Yêu anh đến mặt trăng và phía sau.
“In literal translation, the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context It means that when the translator translates, the words are translated literally from SL into TL.”
Ex: Bao giờ cho đến tháng Mười When will October come?
“A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures It “transfers” cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical “abnormality” in the translation It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text realization of the SL writer
Ex: He is deaf to all her device Anh ta lơ đi hết tất cả lời khuyên của cô ấy.
This method must pay more attention to the aesthetic value (that is, the beautiful a natural sound) of the SL text, compromising on "meaning" where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version Furthermore, it may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents and it may make other small concessions to the readership The distinction between "faithful" and
"semantic" translation is that the first is uncompromising and dogmatic while the second is more flexible, admits the creative exception to 100% of fidelity and allows for translator's intuitive empathy with the original.
Ex: Right in the Hanoi, Hoan Kiem is an enchanting body of water, a peaceful oasis away from the hustle and bustle of the city
Nằm ngay giữa trái tim Hà Nội, hồ Hoàn Kiếm là một hồ nước đẹp mê hồn, một ốc đảo bình yên tách biệt với sự hối hả bận rộn của thành phố.
Newmark says that “This is the freest form translation It is used to translate literary works (comedies, poetry, short story, narrative, etc.) and the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text rewritten.”
Ex: May and December Gái tơ mà lấy chồng già
Context in Translating
Situational context refers to the factors of situation and circumstances influencing the meaning of a text These factors are little harder to be recognized than linguistic ones The situational factors may pertain to the facial expressions,gestures, and stances at micro level, and the social, political, economical milieu, and the culture at large Conventions and the whole value system differ from one culture and society to another (Roger, T.Bell, (1991), Translation, Cambridge UniversityPress).
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
The Importance of Quality Service in
Consider the Guests Being Served
Determine What the Guests Desire
Develop Procedures to Deliver What
Guests Want Train and Empower Staff
Evaluate and Modify Service Delivery
Service and “Moments of Truth”
Tầm quan trọng của chất lượng dịch vụ trong khách sạn
Mối quan tâm về dịch vụ
Kỳ vọng về dịch vụ Tránh “hàng hoá” các sản phẩm và dịch vụ lưu trú Các thành phần trong hệ thống chất lượng dịch vụ
Xem xét đối tượng khách được phục vụ Xác định những mong muốn của khách Phát triển quy trình để cung cấp những mong muốn của khách Đào tạo và trao quyền cho nhân viên Thực hiện các hệ thống đã sửa đổi, cải tiến Đánh giá và sửa đổi hệ thống cung cấp
Recruit and Select Service-Minded
Staff Provide Effective Orientation and
Empower Staff with Service Authority
Lodging Property Staff Are Service
Professionals dịch vụ Dịch vụ và “Khoảnh khắc sự thật”
Dịch vụ được cung cấp bởi nhân viên Các chiến thuật quản lý để có chất lượng dịch vụ vượt trội
Tuyển dụng và lựa chọn nhân viên Cung cấp định hướng và chính sách đào tạo
Giám sát với sự nhấn mạnh vào dịch vụ Trao quyền cho nhân viên
Nhấn mạnh việc cải tiến chất lượng liên tục
Nhân viên khách sạn là những chuyên gia dịch vụ
There are a wide range of organizations in the hospitality industry Many offer lodging accommodations, and they are the focus of this book Others offer food and beverage products Still others are part of the recreation, leisure, or meetings segments of the industry To be successful, all of these organizations have one thing in common: they must consistently provide quality guest service
Lodging operations are part of the hospitality industry A popular name
Có rất nhiều tổ chức khác nhau trong ngành lưu trú Nhiều cơ sở cung cấp dịch vụ lưu trú, đây cũng là đối tượng chính được trình bày trong nội dung cuốn sách này Một số cơ sở khác kinh doanh các sản phẩm, dịch vụ ăn uống. Bên cạnh đó, một phần nữa là phân khúc giải trí, nghỉ ngơi hoặc hội họp Để thành công, tất cả các tổ chức này đều có một điểm chung: họ phải luôn cung cấp dịch vụ khách hàng có chất lượng.Hoạt động lưu trú là một phần của ngành công nghiệp khách sạn Một cái tên phổ biến cho phân khúc khách sạn for the segment of hospitality offering food and beverage products is “food services.” People purchasing lodging, food and beverages consider service to be a very important element in the experience they are buying At its most basic level, every hospitality organization must focus on providing its guests with friendly and accommodating service It is more often the service, not the product
(food, beverage, or sleeping room), that most influences guests’ perceptions about their experience and their interest in returning to the property or to another property in the chain
How would you treat a special friend or a relative whom you invite into your home for a meal? The answer to this question can help to define how guests visiting a lodging operation should be treated After all, the earliest trav- elers were offered meals and a safe night’s rest by families living near trade routes and were invited into the family’s home for today’s equivalent of lodging and food services
It is true that guests in your home cung cấp các sản phẩm thức ăn và đồ uống là “dịch vụ thực phẩm” Những người mua chỗ ở, thức ăn và đồ uống coi dịch vụ là một yếu tố rất quan trọng trong trải nghiệm mà họ đang mua Ở cấp độ cơ bản nhất, mọi tổ chức khách sạn phải tập trung vào việc cung cấp cho khách của mình dịch vụ lưu trú thân thiện Thông thường, dịch vụ chứ không phải sản phẩm (đồ ăn, thức uống hoặc phòng ngủ) thường ảnh hưởng nhiều nhất đến nhận thức của khách về trải nghiệm của họ và sự quan tâm của họ khi quay lại khách sạn hoặc một khách sạn khác khác trong chuỗi hệ thống. Bạn sẽ đối xử thế nào với một người bạn đặc biệt hoặc một người họ hàng mà bạn mời đến nhà dùng bữa? Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi này có thể giúp xác định cách đối xử với khách đến cơ sở lưu trú. Xét cho cùng, những du khách đầu tiên đã được các gia đình sống gần các tuyến đường thương mại cung cấp bữa ăn và một đêm nghỉ ngơi an toàn và được mời vào nhà của gia đình đó với các dịch vụ ăn ở tương đương ngày nay. Đúng là khách trong nhà của bạn sẽ không được xuất trình hóa đơn thanh toán các khoản phí vào cuối chuyến would not be presented with a bill covering the charges at the end of their visit By contrast, those visiting a hotel must pay for the products and services they receive However, the policies and procedures, the training activities, and the basic vision and mission of the organization can be developed with an emphasis on serving guests just as you would host your friends and family
Customers are guests Do the terms
“customer” and “guest” mean the same thing? Perhaps they do in a dictionary; however, in the real world of hospitality, the manager who treats a visitor as a guest will likely be more successful than competitors treating the visitor merely as a customer
In this chapter, we will emphasize the principle that a service philosophy is important, and, as is true in so many other areas of lodging management, that “it all begins with the manager.”
We will de- fine quality, review how it impacts the service provided by a hotel, and discuss what must be done to develop quality as a standard and to then keep that standard enforced thăm của họ Ngược lại, những người đến khách sạn phải trả tiền cho các sản phẩm và dịch vụ mà họ nhận được Tuy nhiên, các chính sách và thủ tục, các hoạt động đào tạo, tầm nhìn và sứ mệnh cơ bản của tổ chức có thể được phát triển với trọng tâm là phục vụ khách giống như bạn tiếp đón bạn bè và gia đình của mình.
Khách hàng là khách Các thuật ngữ
"khách hàng" và "khách" có nghĩa giống nhau không? Có lẽ họ làm trong một từ điển; tuy nhiên, trong thế giới thực của ngành dịch vụ hiếu khách, người quản lý coi khách hàng như khách sẽ có khả năng thành công hơn đối thủ cạnh tranh chỉ coi khách như khách hàng.
Trong chương này, chúng tôi sẽ nhấn mạnh nguyên tắc rằng triết lý dịch vụ là quan trọng, và cũng đúng trong rất nhiều lĩnh vực quản lý khách sạn khác, đó là “tất cả bắt đầu từ người quản lý”. Chúng ta sẽ xác định chất lượng, xem xét nó tác động như thế nào đến dịch vụ do khách sạn cung cấp và thảo luận về những việc phải làm để phát triển chất lượng thành một tiêu chuẩn và sau đó duy trì tiêu chuẩn đó được thực thi.
Trọng tâm chính thứ hai của chương này
A second major focus of the chapter will review the concept of “moments of truth,” and we will discuss the procedures needed to maintain the vision that service must be an ongoing priority A third major emphasis of the chapter focuses directly on employees.
You will learn about your employees’ role in delivering guest service and see that they are, indeed, service professionals Finally, we will explain benchmarking, using, as an example, the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company sẽ xem xét khái niệm “khoảnh khắc của sự thật” và chúng ta sẽ thảo luận về các thủ tục cần thiết để duy trì tầm nhìn rằng dịch vụ phải là ưu tiên liên tục Điểm nhấn chính thứ ba của chương tập trung trực tiếp vào nhân viên Bạn sẽ tìm hiểu về vai trò của nhân viên trong việc cung cấp dịch vụ cho khách và thấy rằng họ thực sự là những chuyên gia dịch vụ. Cuối cùng, chúng tôi sẽ giải thích về tiêu chuẩn, sử dụng Khách sạn Ritz- Carlton làm ví dụ.
1 To define quality and review its impact upon the level of service provided by a lodging property.
2 To describe the concept of
“moments of truth” in guest service.
3 To explain the important role of employees in consistently delivering guest service.
4 To explain the tactics managers use to help ensure guests receive quality service
5 To present the basic guest service philosophy of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel
1 Xác định chất lượng dịch vụ và xem xét sự tác động của nó đối với mức độ dịch vụ do cơ sở lưu trú cung cấp
2 Mô tả khái niệm "khoảnh khắc của sự thật trong phục vụ khách
3 Giải thích vai trò quan trọng của nhân viên đối với sự đồng nhất trong quá trình phục vụ khách
4 Để giải thích các chiến thuật mà người quản lý sử dụng để giúp đảm bảo chất lượng dịch vụ
5 Trình bày triết lý phục vụ khách cơ bản của Công ty Khách sạn Riz-Carton
[P4] The importance of quality service in lodging
[P4] Tầm quan trọng của chất lượng dịch vụ trong khách sạn
The concept of quality is widely discussed in the world of hospitality management i infortunately, it is much easier to talk about quality than to effectively implement and consistently deliver it in a hospitality operation.
In this book, quality is defined as “the consistent delivery of products and services according to expected standards.” Note that guest service— the topic of this chapter—is specifically noted in the definition
This is important because the guest renting a room at a hotel or purchasing a meal at the hotel's restaurant is buying, and wants to receive, an anticipated standard of service in exchange for the payment.
Increasingly, guests are willing to pay more when they visit hospitality properties offering service that meets or exceeds their service expectations.
The level of service quality is an important factor in the experience that guests receive during their visits to lodging operations.
ANALYSIS
Vocabulary
The ability to use English requires a simple knowledge of vocabulary The amount of vocabulary you know determines whether you understand any or more of the content of English sentences The more jargon there is, the faster the world evolves Unlike English grammar, vocabulary is never reduced, and it is impossible to quantify how many words there are in English When you enter a new sector, you are bound to encounter a slew of new terms Otherwise, you would be unable to communicate in English effectively and fluently An appropriate translation is given in the source text During the translation, I discovered that the text contained a large number of complicated words that I had not previously seen As a result, depending on the situation, I've selected the best ways of translation in certain situations In addition, in this segment, I've added some new terms that I'm having trouble with and suggested versatile solutions for the standard edition.
4.1.1 Words and Phrases with Multi-Meaning
Multi-meaning words are words that have more than one definition in the dictionary and may be understood in a variety of ways depending on the context or certain sentence If translators do not have a full comprehension of the concepts as well as the context of the original language, these words usually lead them to convert erroneously.
I occasionally struggled to determine the precise meaning of these multi- meaning words However, I typically reread the original language to identify the most relevant meaning.
Example 1 “The better a staff trained, the better a service delivered ” [P17]
In the Oxford Dictionary, “deliver” is defined:
[1] to take goods, letters, etc to the person or people they have been sent to
[2] to give or send information or ideas to somebody
[3] to give a speech, talk, performance, etc or to make an official statement
[4] to do what you promised to do or what you are expected to do
[5] to produce or provide what people expect you to
[6] to take somebody somewhere; to give somebody into somebody else's care or control
[7] to help a woman to give birth to a baby
[8] to give birth to a baby
[9] to throw or aim something
[10] to rescue somebody from something bad
In this context, the fifth meaning is considered to be more appropriate. Therefore, I translated it into “ cung cấp ” in Vietnamese.
Suggested version: " Đội ngũ nhân viên được đào tạo càng tốt thì chất lượng dịch vụ được cung cấp có chất càng cao."
One of the most challenging aspects of translating is idioms and expressions.
We cannot translate idioms and expressions word for word, but we must grasp the entire phrase Many times, the meaning of idioms and expressions differs from the meaning of each word in the phrase, so in order to accurately translate idioms and expressions, we must first thoroughly comprehend the verb and all things linked to it.
Example 2: “For example, if a lodging property serves 125 guests each day for several years, some guest-related problems are to likely occur re- gardless of the extent to which a service attitude exists and guest-friendly processes are in place.” [P15]
In the Cambridge Dictionary, the phrasal verb “in place” is defined as “ in the proper position; tidy”, and it means “gọn gàng” in Vietnamese Nevertheless, if
I translated with its literal meaning, the suggested sentence is not smooth and interest Besides, basing on the context, I translated “in place” in above sentence into “ở mức độ nào” I think this translation is better for the sentence
Suggested Version: " Ví dụ: nếu một cơ sở lưu trú phục vụ 125 khách mỗi ngày trong vài năm, một số vấn đề liên quan đến khách có thể xảy ra bất kể thái độ phục vụ và các quy trình thân thiện với khách ở mức độ nào."
Challenging Structures
When translating a text, the structure is crucial to the meaning of the phrase.
As there are several methods to structure words into sentences, translators become perplexed throughout the translation process Furthermore, there are certain differences between Vietnamese and English grammar Some structures, like as passive voice, dummy subject, etc., are uncommon in Vietnamese As a result, translators must have a deep understanding of the grammatical patterns of the source language in order to correctly translate the text's meaning into the target language During the translation process, I encountered numerous difficult structures that required detailed analysis in order to properly convey the message into Vietnamese.
A compound sentence is a sentence that uses comma, semicolon, or conjunction to combine at least two independent clauses The conjunction used to connect independent clauses include “for”, “so”, “yet”, “but”, “and”, “or” and
“nor” Besides, compound sentences also use conjunction adverb such as: however, even so, therefore, etc.
Example 3: " A business traveler person and a family on vacation are two very different types of hotel guests, but at the most fundamental level, they want the same things." [P5]
This sentence consists of two independent clauses connected by the coordinating conjunction " but" and a comma, including “ A business traveler person and a family on vacation are two very different types of hotel guests” and “at the most fundamental level, they want the same things.”
Two independent clauses are analyzed as follows:
- The first independent clause: A business traveler person and a family on vacation/ are/ two very different types of hotel guests: S V C
- The second independent clause: at the most fundamental level,/ they/ want/ the same things.:A S V O
Suggested version: “Một người đi công tác và một gia đình đi nghỉ là hai đối tượng khách rất khác nhau của khách sạn, nhưng ở cấp độ cơ bản nhất, họ có cùng mong muốn về dịch vụ.”
Example 4: “Our definition of service focuses on basic concerns, and we must emphasize two important points.” [P5]
This sentence contains two independent clauses linked by the coordinating conjunction " and" and a comma
The first independent clause “Our definition of service/ focuses on/ basic concerns” is analyzed as follows: S V O
The second independent clause is "we/ must emphasize/ two important points with the following elements: S V O
Suggested version: “Định nghĩa của chúng tôi về dịch vụ tập trung vào những mối quan tâm cơ bản và chúng tôi phải nhấn mạnh hai điểm quan trọng.”
A complex sentence is one that has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause It is frequently used to indicate which ideas are the most important and which are subordinate Therefore, if we lack sound grammatical understanding and do not thoroughly evaluate the text, we are highly likely to translate it incorrectly Noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverbial clauses are common components of a complex structure.
4.2.2.1 Complex Sentence with Noun Clause
It is difficult to translate sentences with noun clauses A noun clause is a challenging part of English grammar to grasp since it frequently causes us to misunderstand the meaning of the sentence if we wrongly define the noun clause as well as its function Here are several examples of the noun clause, and my suggested versions.
Example 5: “These can impact what guests desire and what products and services can be most effectively delivered.” [P14]
In this sentence, there are two noun clauses The first one“what guests desire” and the second one “what products and services can be most effectively delivered”, both of which function as an object of the sentence and modify the verb “ impact, contain the subordinator “what”.
The complex sentence is analyzed as follows:
These/ can impact/ what guests desire and what products and services can be most effectively delivered : S V O
Suggested version: "Những điều này có thể tác động đến những mong muốn của khách, và mang lại những thay đổi trong hệ thống sản phẩm và dịch vụ."
Example 6: " It is ironic but true that employees often know more about the likes and dislikes of guests than do their supervisors or even the property's manager." [P10]
This sentence contains the noun clause " that employees often know more about the likes and dislikes of guests than do their supervisors or even the property's manager" used as a complement of the adjective “true” I translated the sentence as below:
Suggested version: " Sự thật là nhân viên thường biết nhiều hơn về sở thích của khách hay những gì họ không thích hơn là giám sát viên của họ hoặc thậm chí người quản lý khách sạn.”
Example 7: " In the next chapter, we will examine exactly how this is done.”
In this sentence, the noun clause “how this is done” plays a role as an object of the sentence and is used to modify the verb “exxamine” and I had the suggested version below.
Suggested version: " Trong chương tiếp theo, chúng ta sẽ xem xét chính xác điều này được thực hiện như thế nào."
4.2.2.2 Complex Sentence with Adjective Clause
An adjective clause, also known as a related clause, is a type of dependent or subordinate clause that comes after a noun in a sentence and modifies it There are two kinds of relative clauses: restrictive (or defining) relative clauses and non- restrictive (or non-defining) relative clauses; and in a sentence, these clauses can take either their standard form or their reduced one
Furthermore, the relative clause is not utilized in Vietnamese, making it difficult for translators to translate the text into the target language In order to make the translation more familiar to readers, I often ignore the relative pronoun or change it into another form.
Example 8: "Hoteliers sell the overnight use of a room (the product) and the manner in which guests are treated during their stay (the service)." [P7]
This sentence has a relative clause “in which guests are treated during their stay (the service)” beginning with the relative pronoun “which” , which modifies the noun "the manner", which is the object of the sentence The main clause is
“Hoteliers sell the overnight use of a room (the product) and the manner”.
Suggested Version: " Các chủ khách sạn bán việc sử dụng phòng qua đêm (sản phẩm) và cách thức mà khách được đối xử trong thời gian lưu trú của họ (dịch vụ)."
Example 9: " There are six ingredients in a “recipe” that can be used to develop and implement a quality service system." [P8]
The defining relative clause “that can be used to develop and implement a quality service system ", introduced by the relative pronoun “that” , modifies the noun " a recipe ", which functions as the object of the preposition “in” The main clause is “There are six ingredients in a “recipe”
In this situation, if I use the words “cái mà, người mà”, it will make the suggested version unnatural Thus, I chose the suggested version below:
Suggested version: "Có sáu thành phần trong một “cách thức” được sử dụng để phát triển và thực hiện một hệ thống dịch vụ có chất lượng.”
Example 10: "This is the response of a front desk clerk who is empowered to make reasonable decisions that please the guests." [P12]
DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS
Difficulties
I've learned a lot from working on this paper and it's a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for me I've found that it is not straightforward for a student in the real world and what I've learned in school is just a small part of everything I need to know Translation is a form of language translation from SL to TL in which translators must include a text that is reliable, succinct, descriptive, and easy to understand for the reader However, each language has its own characteristics and expression, which would have an impact on the content of the proposed translated versions As a result, it is difficult to correctly and fluently interpret and evaluate text from English to Vietnamese Translators must have in-depth experience of the field they are interpreting in order to get a correct translation of the material and form, as well as a smooth and natural translation Around the same time, translators must have a deep understanding of grammar and terminology in order to successfully adapt them to text translation As a result, as a non-professional translator, I continue to face numerous challenges in the translation process, including:
To begin with, one of the most important aspects of the translation process is vocabulary Translators must have a broad vocabulary in order to use it in conjunction with the translation Vocabulary aids translators in communicating concepts and content As a result, this is one of the issues that we are concerned with The multi-word, for example, often perplexes us because it is extremely difficult to determine the precise meaning of a multiple word in English To chose the appropriate interpretation, we must first consider the context and the author's concept
Secondly, untranslated terms and synonyms add to the transcription process's difficulties We can't use a dictionary to search meaning for untranslated words; instead, I need to consider the author's meaning and the sense of the text so that we can pick the Vietnamese word that is closest in meaning Additionally, we will look up synonyms using a dictionary However, since a word in English has so many synonyms, we must be able to use it in a variety of situations.
Thirdly, grammar is one of the reasons that causes us to face many challenges Relative clauses, noun clauses, diminished clauses, empty subject structures, and so on are all distinct in English and Vietnamese grammar As a result, in order to translate English terms into Vietnamese, we must not only comprehend the author's context but also understand how to correctly transform the form However, certain translations are unnatural due to differences in language use between countries Indigenous people, for example, often use passive expressions, while Vietnamese people, on the other hand, use aggressive expressions to convey their thoughts or intentions.
The final challenge is to improve the smoothness and naturalness of my translation The cultural differences between two languages are enormous, and students normally cling to each word in the original version to transfer; this ability, of course, takes further practice Both of these items act as impediments to the author's ideas being transferred from the source language to the target language.
To summarize, translators must have a broad understanding of a variety of fields in order to effectively interpret a document Furthermore, translators must master the grammar of the language as well as learn to incorporate a large vocabulary.
Solutions
Challenges provide them with many opportunities As a result, the difficulties I mentioned earlier are my chances Learning how to overcome them, in my view, is one of the ways that I can gain useful knowledge to help me become a better translator Any of my suggestions are as follows:
I read the original text several times before starting the translation to make sure I understood the author's point of view When discovering complicated and multi-meaning terms, I looked them up in the best dictionaries available (Oxford Dictionary of English, La Ban Dictionary, etc.) and determined the most suitable meaning based on the context and quality of the original book My awareness has significantly expanded as a result of reading This is a crucial factor in my ability to efficiently and easily deal in sectorial terms.
Reading is also an excellent way to expand our vocabulary in terms of vocabulary The second skill I need is the ability to look up definitions in dictionaries In dictionaries, a term in the source language may be identified with several different definitions I pondered both definitions for a long time before deciding on the best choice for the Vietnamese theme A useful tip is to evaluate equal meaning based on the content of the document And if you can't make up your mind, don't hesitate to consult a friend or those you trust This is because we don't all make the same decisions the first time around The more we consider the problem, the more complicated it becomes In certain situations, I'll have to depend on both of these hints to make an appropriate recommendation.
In terms of structures, everything from relative clauses, reduced relative clauses, passive voice forms, and complex structures of multiple subordinate clauses necessitates a clear understanding of grammar So the first thing that helps me understand the structure of each sentence is grammar and syntax Furthermore, concepts of translation must be applied successfully.
In summary, regardless of how complicated the text is, I maintain patience.
"Practice makes better," or to use an old English proverb, it is said I know that if I am determined to do something, I will still be able to find a way to do it.Alternatively, if I discover that there is a one-in-a-million possibility that I can do anything, something, to prevent what I want from stopping, I would I do this translation as good as I can be using what I've learned in classes, the guidance of supervisors and colleagues, and my best effort.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusions
I discovered something I also missed when completing the graduation test. During my university studies, I gained a great deal of knowledge and skills that will help me become a better translator But, as I knew from my graduation thesis, what
I discovered is just a small part of a much larger body of information This essay has aided in the development of my critical and expressive skills Furthermore, I learned a lot of valuable knowledge during the study phase that will assist me after I graduate from school I've realized that I still miss a lot of vocabulary as a result of the translation process, but my vocabulary is still minimal I don't know the meanings of a lot of sentences, which makes it impossible for me to read I misunderstood the meaning of words with multiple interpretations As a result, expanding one's vocabulary is important Furthermore, when interpreting a field, it is essential to have specific knowledge of that field in order to provide a correct translation.
As a result, the interpreter must learn a variety of fields in order to gain sufficient background information to properly comprehend the author's thoughts A translator can benefit greatly from having specialized expertise As a result, I've had a lot of problems After a long quest for and study of knowledge in this area, I was able to correctly translate a few terms; however, there are still several flaws.
My pronunciation is also poor, in addition to my vocabulary Many words have been misunderstood by me One of the explanations is that I don't recall having any grammar or syntax skills I discovered a lot of valuable stuff when reading and analyzing this graduation document My ability to translate has increased Now I know how to address the issues in the original text in order to provide a decent recommended edition I always find myself unable to transfer words or phrases that are not described in dictionaries However, I've recently learned how to infer these interpretations from context This is just fantastic.
I'm well aware that my translation skills are severely lacking As a result, in order to become a successful interpreter, I must actively strive to develop and strengthen my experience and skills In addition, I can learn more to improve my skills.
Suggestions
Students should arm themselves with information in a variety of fields so they can come across publications of a variety of knowledge in the future You would have less trouble interpreting if you have extensive experience of a variety of fields. Furthermore, mastering the grammar, vocabulary, semantics, and so on will allow you to quickly grasp the author's context and reduce translation errors.
Students must develop their English as well as emphasis on their mother tongue in order to become effective interpreters In certain ways, students can thoroughly comprehend the author's point of view They couldn't say it in Vietnamese because they didn't have a native language vocabulary Improving their Vietnamese would allow them to communicate more naturally, fluently, and comfortably.
One of the abilities that students must develop in order to become a successful interpreter is the ability to read Students may prevent errors in the translation process by having a deep understanding of the subject listed by the author. Additionally, it aids students in guessing certain tough phrases.
To begin with, I believe that teachers can provide students with a wide range of topics in a variety of fields so that they can expand their knowledge and learn a variety of useful material.
Second, students must broaden their cultural awareness As we all know,tradition has a significant impact on how words are spelled and used It would be easier to catch and decode if the student is more familiar with the history of the countries where the author lives.
[1] Alan, D (1989) Translation Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press
[2] Catford, J.C (1965) A linguistic theory of translation Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press
[3] Peter, N (1988) A textbook of translation Harlow, United Kingdom: Longman Publishing
[4] Nguyễn, M Q (2007) Translation Theory Danang, Vietnam: Duy Tan University
[5] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary Cambridge, United Kingdom:
[6] English-Vietnamese and Vietnamese-English Dictionary of Biology Hanoi,
Vietnam: Science and Technics Publishing House
[7] English-Vietnamese Dictionary Hanoi, Vietnam: Hong Duc Publishing House
[8] Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford
[9] Longman Dictionary Harlow, United Kingdom: Longman Publishing