Graduation Paper Supervisor Nguyen Thi Bao Yen Graduation Paper Supervisor Nguyen Thi Bao Yen MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESIS BUI THI HOC AN.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The pandemic of 2020 has significantly impacted various industries, leading to ongoing challenges in the years to come However, it has also accelerated key technology trends such as e-commerce, automation, and supply chain optimization Consequently, integrating innovative technology solutions to sustain operations and profitability, while optimizing workflows to meet peak demand and mitigate supply chain disruptions, is vital for achieving business success.
During my four years at the Faculty of English at Duy Tan University, I have explored various intriguing topics, particularly those related to human behavior, which captivated many students My innate curiosity drives me to seek answers to the unknown, leading me to choose the book "Introduction to Business" by Lawrence J Gitman and others for my graduation paper I aim to uncover insights about the application of technology in business, focusing on management information systems, technology management and planning, and the protection of computers and information.
Aims and objectives
Over the past four years at Duy Tan University, I have greatly benefited from the invaluable support and encouragement of my supervisor, teachers, and friends Their guidance has provided me with a comprehensive understanding of the translation process, enhancing my analytical and translation skills As a result, I have been able to minimize errors in my translations.
After completing my graduation paper, I acquired the following targets:
Improving my translation skills, using suitable words and structures of any sentences.
Understanding tourism to translate it effectively.
Summing up the knowledge I learned in the past.
Translating the text smoothly and naturally.
Removing language barriers to help Vietnamese people understand clearly the book.
Analyzing difficult and complex vocabularies, phrases, or structures which easily make misunderstand for readers.
In order to support the major aims some following objectives are posed for the study:
To analyze complicated word, phrases, structures, contexts, etc
To translate text smoothly and naturally
To give some implications and solutions for teaching and learning English, especially translation.
To get more knowledge about translating a tourism document.
To translate the text smoothly and fast
To give some difficulties and solutions
To analyze complicated words, phrases, idioms and contexts, etc.
To help myself improve in translating
I have to translate text smoothly and naturally Chapter 13 of the book
In "Introduction to Business," authors Lawrence J Gitman, Carl Mc Daniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, and James C Hyatt provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental business concepts This text serves as a valuable resource for understanding complex sentence structures and vocabulary within the context of business studies By analyzing these elements, readers can enhance their comprehension and application of business principles effectively.
The scope of the study
This study examines the translation and analysis of challenging vocabulary and structures found in Chapter 13, “Using Technology to Manage Information,” authored by Lawrence J Gitman, Carl McDaniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, and Bethann Talsma, James C Hyatt.
2018, as well as giving some essential solutions to solve these problems.
For beginners eager to delve into the world of business, it is essential to grasp the fundamentals of economic systems and their impact on business operations Understanding how to compete effectively in the global marketplace is crucial, along with mastering the management of human resources and labor relations Additionally, learning the strategies for distributing and promoting products and services, as well as utilizing technology for efficient information management, forms the backbone of successful business practices.
The chapter 13 of the book “Introduction to business” is picked The translation paper has 4644 words with 13 pages.
The book “Introduction to Business” includes 13 chapters Authors would like to introduce to all readers of the business.
Chapter 13 is divided into 6 parts:
The selected text for my graduation paper is derived from the 2018 publication "Introduction to Business," authored by Lawrence J Gitman, Carl McDaniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, and James C Hyatt.
Methods of the study
- Reading (scanning and skimming) the whole text to get the main content of the text.
- Reading the chapter that were chosen carefully to get information.
- Translating the text and taking notes difficult terminologies, expressions, and structures of the text.
- Discussing with the supervisor, colleagues, friends and referring those terminologies, expressions and structures on the Internet.
- Completing and offering a suggested version of the text.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation Theory
Translation is the process clearly presenting the relation between at least two languages: source language (SL) and target language (TL).
There are many different definite of translation given by some well-known linguistic experts as follows:
1 Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language).
2 Translation is a process of transferring a message from this language into another language in the way the author intended the text.
3 Translation consists of translating the meaning of the source language into the receptor language This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant Only the form changes.
Translation can be categorized based on its extent, levels, and ranks, which helps clarify the concept of "translation." Understanding these categories allows us to minimize errors when translating various materials.
The distinction pertains to the extent of the source language text involved in the translation process, which can vary from a complete book to smaller units like a chapter, paragraph, sentence, or clause This text may also exist as a conceptual idea that does not necessarily align with any formal literary or linguistic structure.
A "full translation" involves the complete conversion of a text from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), ensuring that every element of the original content is accurately represented in the translated version.
Example: There was a sleep drop in gold sales last year.
Đã có một sự tụt dốc mạnh trong doanh số bán hàng năm ngoái.
- In a “partial translation”, some part or parts of the SL text are left non- translated: they are simply transferred to and incorporated in the TL text.
Example: Gold price dropped seriously in 2012.
Năm 2012 chứng kiến một sự kiện một sự rớt giá vàng nghiêm trọng.
This distinction relates to the levels of language involved in translation.
Total translation involves substituting the grammar and vocabulary of the source language (SL) with corresponding grammar and vocabulary from the target language (TL) This process also entails the transformation of SL phonology or graphology into TL phonology or graphology, even when the elements are not directly equivalent.
Example: Poverty is no sin.
Đói nghèo không phải là tội lỗi.
Restricted translation involves substituting source language (SL) text with target language (TL) text at a single level This type of translation is conducted solely at either the phonological or graphological level, or it may focus exclusively on one of the two grammatical and lexical levels.
Example: New York Niu – Ooc
In phonological translation, SL phonology is replaced with equivalent TL one, but there are no other important replacements except such grammatical or lexical changes.
Example: Karaoke Ka-ra-ô-kê
In graphological translation, SL graphology is replaced with equivalent TL graphology with no other replacements, except, again, accidental changes.
Transliteration involves converting source language (SL) graphological units into their corresponding phonological units These SL phonological units are then translated into equivalent target language (TL) phonological units, which are subsequently replaced with the appropriate TL graphological units.
2.1.2.6 Free, Literal, and Word – for - Word Translation
A "free" translation allows for flexibility and creativity, while a "word-for-word" translation adheres closely to the original text "Literal" translation strikes a balance between these two approaches, often beginning with a "word-for-word" format but adapting to the target language's grammar by modifying structures and inserting additional words This method can lead to translations that are more group-group or clause-clause in nature.
Example: She is deaf to all his advice.
Cô ta điếc với tất cả những lời khuyên của anh ta (Word for word)
Cô ta lờ đi tất cả những lời khuyên của anh ta (Literal)
Điếc không sợ súng (Free)
Principles and Methods of Translation
Some general principles of translation below will help the students to translate well These principles are adapted from Frederick Fuller: The Translator’s Handbook.
The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of original text Nothing should be arbitrarily added or moved, though occasionally part of meaning can be
When translating legal documents, contracts, and assurances, it is crucial to maintain a sequence of words and sentences that closely resembles the original text However, due to variations in linguistic structure, adjustments in word form and order are often required to ensure clarity and accuracy in the translation.
Languages often differ greatly in their levels of formality in a given context.
To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal and fixed expression.
A common challenge in translation is that it often lacks a natural flow, as translators may overly rely on the source text's wording and structure To achieve a more authentic translation, it is beneficial for translators to temporarily set aside the original manuscript and verbalize key phrases from memory, allowing for a more intuitive interpretation.
Idiomatic expressions, including similes, metaphors, proverbs, slang, and phrasal verbs, cannot be translated directly To effectively address this challenge, consider these strategies: a) place the original term in inverted commas, b) provide a literal explanation of the expression in brackets, c) use a close equivalent that conveys a similar meaning, or d) opt for a non-idiomatic, plain prose translation to ensure clarity.
“The golden rule is if the idiom does not work in the target language, do not force it into the translation,” we should remember while translating idioms.
Example: Mật ít ruồi nhiều.
A translator must preserve the original style of the text; however, if the writing is poorly crafted or excessively repetitive, it is acceptable for the translation to refine these issues for the benefit of the reader.
There are many methods of translation suggested by scholars besides word- for-word, sentence-to-sentence translations Peter Newmark (1988: 45-47) states:
The significance of the source language system and culture is equally matched by the importance of the target language system and culture in the translation process Effective translation requires a flexible approach that incorporates various methods rather than relying on a single technique There are eight distinct translation methods, each with its own definition, which can be employed to achieve accurate and meaningful translations.
Interlinear translation typically places the target language (TL) directly beneath the source language (SL) words, maintaining the original word order In this method, each word is translated individually using its most common meaning, often without considering context, while cultural terms are translated literally This approach is primarily used to grasp the structure of the SL or to aid in the preparation of complex texts for translation.
Example: Schools are losing their monopoly on learning.
Các trường học đang đánh mất sự độc quyền trên sự học tập.
In the translation process, SL grammatical structures are transformed into their closest TL counterparts, while individual lexical items are translated in isolation, without context This approach highlights the challenges that need to be addressed prior to translation.
Example 1: The then government was still young and weak.
Chính phủ lúc bấy giờ vẫn còn yếu và trẻ.
Example 2: When will October come?
Bao giờ cho đến tháng mười?
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original meaning within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures It’s
“transfers” cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical
“abnormality” in the translation It attempts to be completely faithful to intentions and the text realization of the SL writer.
Example: Love me, love my dog.
Yêu tôi, (thì phải) yêu con chó của tôi.
This strategy emphasizes the aesthetic appeal of the source language text, prioritizing its attractive and natural sound over strict adherence to meaning when needed It seeks to avoid jarring elements like assonance, wordplay, or repetition in the final translation Additionally, it may opt for culturally neutral terms instead of direct cultural equivalents for less significant terminology, making minor concessions to better suit the readership.
Example: She has a sunny smile on her face.
Cô bé có khuôn mặt với nụ cười tỏa nắng.
Free translation is the most flexible translation style, primarily utilized for plays and poetry It maintains the original themes, characters, and plots while adapting the source language culture into the target language culture, resulting in a rewritten text that resonates with the new audience.
Example: These flowers with many colors are blooming.
Những đóa hoa sặc sỡ đang nở rộ.
This technique replicates the substance of the original text while omitting its stylistic elements, resulting in a paraphrase that is often longer and more verbose than the source material This form of “intra-lingual translation” tends to be overly elaborate and may appear to lack any true translation quality.
Example: That guy is as poor as a church mouse.
Anh ta nghèo rớt mồng tơi.
Idiomatic translation reproduces the “message” of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and the idiom where these do not exist in the original.
Vỏ quýt dày có móng tay nhọn.
Communicative translation aims to accurately convey the original context in a manner that is both acceptable and easily understood by the audience This type of translation is commonly found in radio broadcasts and newspapers Often, communicative and semantic translation can occur simultaneously, enhancing the overall clarity and effectiveness of the message.
Example: No awareness is dangerous for driving.
Lái xe khi không tỉnh táo là rất nguy hiểm.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
(1) 3 What types of systems make up a typical company’s management information system?
Business productivity software like word processors, spreadsheets, and graphics programs helps individuals perform various tasks, while management information systems (MIS) focus on managing a company's information needs MIS encompasses users, hardware, and software that facilitate decision-making by collecting and storing essential company data This data is then transformed into valuable information that aids managers in analysis, control, and informed decision-making.
(2) Factories use computer-based information systems to automate production processes and order and
13.3 Hệ thống thông tin quản lý
(1) 3 Những loại hệ thống nào tạo nên một hệ thống thông tin quản lý điển hình của một công ty?
Trong bối cảnh các cá nhân sử dụng phần mềm năng suất như xử lý văn bản và bảng tính, công việc quản lý nhu cầu thông tin của doanh nghiệp thuộc về hệ thống thông tin quản lý, bao gồm người dùng, phần cứng và phần mềm hỗ trợ ra quyết định Hệ thống thông tin này đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc thu thập và lưu trữ dữ liệu thiết yếu, cung cấp thông tin cần thiết cho các nhà quản lý để phân tích, kiểm soát và đưa ra quyết định hiệu quả.
Manufacturing plants utilize computer-based information systems to automate production processes, manage ordering, and monitor inventory levels These systems are essential for processing customer orders, handling billing, and managing vendor payments efficiently.
Banks utilize diverse information systems to manage transactions, including deposits, ATM withdrawals, and loan payments Similarly, everyday consumer activities, such as supermarket checkouts, online hotel bookings, and music downloads, rely on these systems to record, track, and transmit transaction data efficiently.
Companies typically have several types of information systems, starting with systems to process transactions.
Management support systems are essential dynamic tools that enable users to analyze data for forecasting, identifying business trends, and modeling strategies Office automation systems enhance communication flow within organizations Different information systems cater to specific decision-making levels: operational, tactical, and strategic Companies utilize these systems for processing customer orders, invoicing, and supplier payments.
Các ngân hàng áp dụng nhiều hệ thống thông tin để quản lý các giao dịch như gửi tiền, rút tiền tại ATM và thanh toán khoản vay Hệ thống thông tin cũng đóng vai trò quan trọng trong hầu hết các giao dịch của người tiêu dùng.
Khi thanh toán tại siêu thị, đặt phòng khách sạn trực tuyến hoặc tải nhạc qua internet, hệ thống thông tin ghi lại và theo dõi các giao dịch, đồng thời truyền dữ liệu đến những nơi cần thiết Các công ty thường sử dụng nhiều loại hệ thống thông tin, bắt đầu từ hệ thống xử lý giao dịch.
Hệ thống hỗ trợ quản lý là công cụ linh hoạt giúp người dùng phân tích dữ liệu, đưa ra dự báo, xác định xu hướng kinh doanh và xây dựng chiến lược Đồng thời, hệ thống tự động hóa văn phòng cũng nâng cao khả năng giao tiếp trong tổ chức Mỗi loại hệ thống thông tin phục vụ cho các cấp độ ra quyết định khác nhau, bao gồm hoạt động, chiến thuật và chiến lược.
(5) Hệ thống xử lý giao dịch
An integrated information system in a firm begins with its transaction processing system (TPS), which collects raw data from various internal and external sources This data is then organized for storage in a large database, serving as the company's central information resource The database management system plays a crucial role by tracking the data and enabling users to efficiently query the database for necessary information.
The database can be updated through two primary methods: batch processing and online processing Batch processing collects and processes data over a specific time period, making it highly efficient for tasks like payroll processing In contrast, online processing, also known as real-time processing, handles data as it becomes available, allowing for immediate updates and responses.
Hệ thống thông tin tích hợp của một công ty khởi đầu từ hệ thống xử lý giao dịch (TPS), nơi tiếp nhận dữ liệu thô từ các nguồn nội bộ và bên ngoài Hệ thống này có nhiệm vụ chuẩn bị dữ liệu để lưu trữ trong cơ sở dữ liệu, với quy mô lớn hơn nhiều so với cơ sở dữ liệu máy vi tính thông thường.
Tất cả dữ liệu quan trọng của công ty được lưu trữ trong một cơ sở dữ liệu lớn, tạo thành nguồn thông tin trung tâm Hệ quản trị cơ sở dữ liệu không chỉ theo dõi dữ liệu mà còn cho phép người dùng truy vấn để tìm kiếm thông tin cần thiết.
Databases can be updated in two primary ways: batch processing, where data is collected over a period and processed together, and online or real-time processing, which handles data as it becomes available Batch processing is resource-efficient and ideal for applications like payroll that require periodic updates, while online processing ensures that a company’s data remains current For instance, when making an airline reservation, the information is immediately entered into the airline's system, and confirmation is quickly received, often via email Although online processing tends to be more expensive than batch processing, companies must consider the cost-benefit ratio For example, a factory operating continuously may utilize real-time processing for inventory management while processing accounting data in batches overnight.
Transaction processing systems automate routine and tedious back- office processes such as accounting, order processing, and financial reporting They reduce clerical expenses and provide basic operational information quickly.
Management support systems (MSS) leverage the internal master database to conduct high-level analyses, enabling efficient integration into airline information systems This process allows for quick confirmation, typically received via email.
Xử lý trực tuyến thường tốn kém hơn so với xử lý hàng loạt, do đó, các công ty cần cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng giữa chi phí và lợi ích Chẳng hạn, một nhà máy hoạt động liên tục có thể áp dụng quy trình xử lý theo thời gian thực cho hàng tồn kho và các yêu cầu nhạy cảm về thời gian, trong khi dữ liệu kế toán có thể được xử lý theo lô vào ban đêm.
(7) Quyết định, Quyết định: Hệ thống hỗ trợ quản lý