(TIỂU LUẬN) AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 13 FROM THE BOOK “THE CULTURE CODE” BY DANIEL COYLE, 2018

NG UYE N HO AN G SON – GR AD UAT ION THE SE IN SOC IAL SCI ENC ES AN D HU MA NIT IES DA NA NG 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESIS NGUYEN HOANG SON AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 13 FROM THE BOOK “THE CULTURE CODE” BY DANIEL COYLE, 2018 GRADUATION THESES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES Danang 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESIS NGUYEN HOANG SON AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 13 FROM THE BOOK “THE CULTURE CODE” BY DANIEL COYLE, 2018 Major : English for Translation and Interpretation Code : 701 SUPERVISOR: BUI THI KIM PHUNG, M.A DA NANG – May 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING Graduation Paper Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung, M.A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & To complete this graduation paper on schedule, I have received great deal of help, guidance and encouragements from my teachers, my family and my friends First of all, I would like to extend my whole-hearted thanks to my supervisor – Ms Bui Thi Kim Phung, who has enthusiastically helped me a lot for not only giving me insightful comments but also dealing with all my problems about my internship I think that this thesis could have probably not completed without her patience, enthusiasm, instruction and encouragements Secondly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all the teachers of Faculty of English at Duy Tan University for precious lessons, devoted teaching and assisted me enthusiastically this graduation paper Thirdly, I would also like to express thousands of thank all my beloved friends, especially my parents, for their love, understanding and supporting me a lot during my studies and my research work as well Moreover, the shortcomings in this graduation paper are unavoidable Therefore, I hope to receive the sympathy from teachers and friends At last, I wish you all good health and success! Yours sincerely! Student Nguyen Hoang Son Student : Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung, M.STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP & There had not been any published Vietnamese edition of the book containing the translated chapter until I stared working on my graduation paper Also, my graduation paper does not copy any parts of content in other graduation papers in any universities from other chapters in the same book No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Danang, May 2021 Nguyen Hoang Son Student : Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung, M.A ABSTRACT & This graduation paper is carried out with the aim of translating chapter 13 of the book “The Culture Code” by Daniel Coyle I give a general introduction about the reasons for choosing the topic, then translating the English version into Vietnamese version Besides, I also analyze some necessary issues such as vocabulary and structures in this chapter In addition, through this graduation paper, I myself find out some difficulties that I make during translating in the end of this graduation paper Student : Nguyen Hoang Son Graduation Paper Code: 2321311699 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung, M.A TL : Target Language SL : Source Language J&J : Johnson&Johnso FDA : Food and Drug A ESP : Extra Sensory Pe TABLE OF CONTEN Student : Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung, M.A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS .iv TABLE OF CONTENS v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.4 TEXT FEATURES 1.5 TEXT LENGTH 1.6 TEXT SOURCE CHAPTER 2: THEORICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Definitions of Translation 2.2 Classification 2.2.1 Full vs Partial Translation 2.2.2 Total vs Restricted Translation .5 2.2.3 Phonological Translation 2.2.4 Graphological Translation 2.2.5 Transliteration 2.2.6 Free, Literal, and Word-for-word Translation 2.3 Methods and Principles of Translation 2.3.1 Methods of Translation 2.3.1.1 Word-for-word Translation 2.3.1.2 Literal Translation 2.3.1.3 Faithful Translation 2.3.1.4 Semantic Translation Student : Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung, M 2.3.1.6 Idiomatic Translation .9 2.3.1.5 Adaptation 2.3.1.7 Communicative Translation .9 2.3.2 Principles of Translation 10 2.3.2.1 Meaning 10 2.3.2.2 Form 10 2.3.2.3 Register 10 2.3.2.4 Source language influence .11 2.3.2.5 Idiom 11 2.3.2.6 Style and Clarity 11 2.3.3 Context in translating 11 CHAPTER 3: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 13 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION 49 4.1 Vocabulary 49 4.1.1 Words with Multi-meaning 49 4.1.2 Idioms and Phrasal Verbs 53 4.2 Structures .55 4.2.1 Simple Sentences 55 4.2.2 Compound Sentences 57 4.2.3 Complex Plural .58 4.2.3.1 Complex Sentence with Noun Clause 58 4.2.3.2 Complex Sentences with Adverbial Clause 60 4.2.3.3 Complex Sentences with Relative Clause 61 4.3.3 Passive Voice 63 4.3.4 Empty Subject 64 CHAPTER 5: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 65 5.1 DIFFICULTIES 65 5.2 SOLUTIONS .66 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 67 6.1 CONCLUSIONS 67 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 67 Student : Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 56 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung Example 16: The school naturally agreed, and the test was administered to the entire student body (Line 25, P43, page 50) - Independent clause: The school naturally agreed  Subject: “The school”  Adverb: “naturally”  Verb: “agreed” - Conjunction: and - Independent clause: the test was administered to the entire student body  Subject: “the test”  Verb: “was administered”  Adverb: “to the entire student body” This compound sentence consists of two independent clauses which are linked by a comma and a conjunction (and), it is followed by the structure Independent clause, and Independent clause Suggested version: Nhà trường đương nhiên đồng ý, kiểm tra thực cho toàn học sinh Example 17: That shared future could be a goal or a behavior (Line 20, P36, page 45)  Subject: “That shared future”  Verb: “could be”  Object: “a goal” - Conjunction: or  Object: “a behavior” This compound sentence is an independent clause, in the sentence, there is conjunction (or) used to linked two objects Suggested version: Tương lai chung mục tiêu hành vi 4.2.3 Complex Plural Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 57 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung A compound sentence is a sentence that has one independent clause and at least one dependent proposition A dependent clause can be accompanied by dependent conjunctions (because, although, while, etc.) or relative pronoun (which, who, etc.) 4.2.3.1 Complex Sentence with Noun Clause A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun, and it is unproductive when standing alone It can be used as the subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, subject complement, or appositive Example 18: “To this, they build what we’ll call high-purpose environments.” (Line 17, P29, page 38)  Noun clause: “what we’ll call high-purpose environments”  Subordinating conjunction: what  The noun clause “what we’ll call high-purpose environments” following the main verb is a noun clause that plays the role of an object in this sentence Suggested version: “Để làm điều này, họ xây dựng mà gọi môi trường có mục đích cao.” Example 19: “So he tracked down one of the scholarship recipients, a student named Will, and asked him to write a letter about what his scholarship meant to him.” (Line 15, P49, page 49)  Noun clause: “what his scholarship meant to him”  Subordinating conjunction: what  The noun clause “what his scholarship meant to him” follows the preposition "about" which functions as the object of preposition Suggested version: “Vì vậy, ơng lần người nhận học bổng, sinh viên tên Will, yêu cầu viết thư ý nghĩa việc nhận học bổng.” Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 58 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung Example 20: “Spend a few seconds reflecting on that goal and imagining that it’s come true.” (Line 1, P31, page 41) There is a noun clause in this complex sentence The sentence "that it’s comes true" after the adjective "imagining" has the function of modifying the adjective  Noun clause: “that it’s comes true”  Subordinating conjunction: that  The noun clause “that it’s comes true” follow the adjective "imagining" which functions as the object of verb Suggested version: “Hãy dành vài giây để suy ngẫm mục tiêu tưởng tượng mục tiêu trở thành thật.” Example 21: “Picture a future where you’ve achieved it.” (Line 6, P31, page 43)  Noun clause: “where you’ve achieved it.”  Subordinating conjunction: where  The noun clause “where you’ve achieved it.” is a noun clause as the subject Suggested version: “Hãy hình dung tương lai mà bạn đạt nó.” 4.2.3.2 Complex Sentences with Adverbial Clause An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb Adverbial clauses are very useful in sentences, and there are eight types that express different things: Time, place, manner, reason, condition, concession, purpose and comparison Example 22: “If we had done anything other than what we did, think about how those employees would have felt.” (Line 7, P45, page 41) The clause “If we had done anything other than what we did” which is a dependent clause is an adverbial clause of condition Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 59 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung Suggested version: “Nếu làm điều khác với làm, nghĩ xem nhân viên cảm thấy nào.” Example 23: “After the managers took their seats, Burke outlined their task.” (Line 9, P7, page 26) The dependent clause “After the managers took their seats” is an adverbial clause of time Suggested version: “Sau quản lý ngồi vào chỗ, Burke vạch nhiệm vụ họ.” Example 24: “The FBI and the FDA strongly encouraged Burke to limit the recall to Chicago, since no poison had yet been located outside Chicago.” (Line 6, P16, page 31) The clause “since no poison had yet been located outside Chicago” is an adverbial clause of reason Suggested version: “FBI FDA khuyến khích Burke hạn chế việc thu hồi Chicago, chưa có chất độc đặt bên Chicago.” 4.2.3.3 Complex Sentences with Relative Clause A relative clause also called an adjective clause, modifies a noun A relative clause can modify any noun in the sentence: a subject, an objective of a preposition A relative clause begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when, why) Sometimes the pronoun can be omitted However, sometimes commas are required There are two types of relative clause: • Defining Relative Clauses Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 60 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung defining a general term or expression Defining relative clauses are not put in comma • Non-Defining Relative Clauses Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but not define it Non-defining relative clauses are put in comma Example 25: “A lot of the young people that were coming into J&J really didn’t pay much attention to it.” (Line 6, P4, page 25) In this sentence, the defining relative clause “that were coming into J&J really didn’t pay much attention to it” modifies “the young people” We usually use the words “mà, người mà” to transfer the meaning of the subordinator “that” into Vietnamese However, if we use these words to translate normally, the translation is unnatural Therefore, I reduced the subordinator when translating Suggested version: “Rất nhiều người trẻ đến với J&J thực không quan tâm nhiều đến nó.” Example 26: “He approached a California public elementary school and offered to test the school’s students with a newly developed intelligence-identification tool, called the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition, which could accurately predict which children would excel academically in the coming year.” (Line 15, P46, page 43) In this sentence, the non-defining relative clause is “which could accurately predict which children would excel academically in the coming year” In this case, “which” refers to “the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition” In this Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 61 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung sentence, the subordinator “which” normally means “thứ mà, mà” in Vietnamese However, to make the translation smoother and more appropriate to the context, I removed the relative pronoun Suggested version: “Ơng tiếp cận trường tiểu học cơng lập California đề nghị kiểm tra học sinh trường cơng cụ nhận dạng trí thơng minh phát triển, gọi Bài kiểm tra Harvard khả thu nhận thông qua, dự đốn xác đứa trẻ xuất sắc mặt học tập năm tới.” 4.2.3.4 Reduced Clauses Reduced clause or reduced relative clause is a relative clause that is not marked by an explicit relative pronoun or complementize In a reduced clause, a part of it is omitted such as relative pronoun (in adjective clause) or subject and to be (in adverb clause) As those clauses are not fully clear grammatically, it is easy to make a mistake when translating them Therefore, I must carefully analyzed the rest of the sentence, sometime many sentences before it, as well as examined the context to correctly "recover" the omitted part and translate them into Vietnamese Example 27: One day in 1975 James Burke, president of the health care company J&J, summoned thirty-five of the company’s senior managers for an unconventional meeting (Line 1, P1, page 22) In this sentence, we have a reduced relative clause The clause “summoned thirty-five of the company’s senior managers for an unconventional meeting.” is a reduced relative clause The relative pronoun, “who” was reduced If I reproduce the clause as “…president of the health care company J&J, who summoned thirty-five of the company’s senior managers for an unconventional meeting.” and translate it as “…chủ tịch cơng ty chăm sóc sức khỏe J&J, người mà triệu tập 35 quản lý cấp cao công ty cho Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 62 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung họp bất thường.” This translation is verbose and unnatural So, I would like to translate as follows Suggested version: Một ngày vào năm 1975 James Burke, chủ tịch cơng ty chăm sóc sức khỏe J&J, triệu tập ba mươi lăm nhân viên quản lý cấp cao công ty cho họp bất thường Example 28: Over the next several years, Burke kept re-creating this conversation, holding Credo challenges at all levels of the company (Line 22, P12, page 27) I found that the sentence contains a reduced clause “holding Credo challenges at all levels of the company” Full-sentence will be “ Burke kept re-creating this conversation, which hold Credo challenges at all levels of the company” and the author wants to translate the sentence as brief as possible Suggested version: Trong vài năm tiếp theo, Burke tiếp tục tạo lại trò chuyện này, nắm giữ thách thức Credo tất cấp công ty 4.3.3 Passive Voice The passive structure is used commonly in English to emphasize the object affected by the action Many passive forms are sometimes transferred into active voice to help the sentence smoother and get the natural voice, but they are kept when translated into Vietnamese to emphasize positive or negative meaning Example 29: “Customers’ orders must be serviced promptly and accurately.” (Line 4, P2, page 23) This sentence is written with the phrase “must be serviced” The structure of this passive sentence is Modal Verb + Be + Past Participle As we know, Vietnamese people usually use “phải được” to express the passive idea, and I kept the passive structure to transfer the idea by using the word “phải được” Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 63 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung Suggested version: “Đơn đặt hàng khách hàng phải phục vụ kịp thời xác.” Example 30: “When those flocks are threatened by a predator like a falcon, however, they transform into something more.” (Line 6, P27, page 39) In this sentence, the author used a passive voice of present simple tense As we know, Vietnamese people usually use “bị” to express the passive idea, and I kept the passive structure to transfer the idea by using the word “bị” Suggested version: “Tuy nhiên, đàn chim bị đe dọa kẻ săn mồi chim ưng, chúng biến đổi thành thứ nhiều hơn.” 4.3.4 Empty Subject A complete sentence must be composed by a subject and at least a verb However, in many situations, we don’t know the subject or the subject is too long, so we used empty subject “it” or “there” to replace Example 31: It is not easy to spend $100 million against the advice of federal officials (or to explain that decision to stockholders and a board of trustees) (Line 11, P38, page 43)  The empty subject: “It”  The structure of this sentence: It + be + adj + to something Suggested version: Thật không dễ dàng để chi 100 triệu đô la chống lại lời khuyên quan chức liên bang (hoặc để giải thích định cho người sở hữu cổ phiếu hội đồng quản trị) Example 32: But the fact is my job was made not only simple, but… there wasn’t anything else I could have done (Line 22, P39, page 48) This sentence has an empty subject “there” but its real subject is “anything else” In this case, the author uses the empty subject to introduce the Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 64 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung relationship to be mentioned However, as I said before, in Vietnam, this structure does not exist Hence, to translate this kind of sentence, we are able to get the main idea, transfer this meaning by the freeway Suggested version: Nhưng thực tế công việc không đơn giản mà… làm điều khác Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 65 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung CHAPTER 5: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 5.1 DIFFICULTIES Actually, this graduation paper is a good opportunity for me to provide my abilities, master my skills and strengthen the knowledge of environment Besides, I also gain more useful experiences as well as acumen about translating However, there are also a lot of difficulties I must face up to when doing my graduation paper Firstly, although I learned some knowledge environment, I did not have enough ability to understand and translate several vocabularies and phrases in the text I spent much time looking up, reading on the Internet, finding documents and using different dictionaries so that I could find suitable and results Secondly, there are vocabularies and phrases of environment which I cannot look up in dictionaries in this document It makes me difficult to give an exact meaning of a particular field Besides, some words have multiple meaning and the meaning of these words depends in the context Therefore, I cannot identify the suitable meaning Hence, it takes me a lot of time to analyze and to search for exact meaning As a result, my suggested version is also not smooth and natural The next issue that I encountered is structures of many sentences Although I am an English majored student, some compound-complex sentences drove me quite anxious Besides, I also forgot several forms of grammar, so I found it difficult to analyze them clearly Finally, information which comes from different sources on the internet is very abundant, so some of them are not exact Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 66 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung 5.2 SOLUTIONS During the translating process of my graduation paper, I gained experiences of solving difficulties and challenges Firstly, I learned more about the author of the book, to get more knowledge about the voice, as well as how to write the author's story From there, I can translate according to the intonation most similar to the way the author wants to convey to the reader Secondly, I skimmed the whole text to understand basic content of this chapter, then I listed some specific phrases as well as hard words Once I understood the content clearly, I began translating it completely Besides, I discussed with some friends, especially my supervisor and searched for reference on the Internet Thirdly, I also looked up many dictionaries and related documents when translating the multiple words as well as difficult phrases Also, I always asked my friends and even my family members whether they could understand my version This is really a good way that I could to improve my paper’s quality Moreover, I used many kinds of dictionaries, such as: English Vietnamese dictionary of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Cambridge learner’s Dictionary, etc to find out the best meanings Last but not least, I have created a plan to schedule the right time to be able to complete this paper quickly and effectively Moreover, she also received enthusiastic support from Ms Bui Thi Kim Phung, M.A., my instructor for this paper, she helped me to correct and change bad points so that I could complete it in the best way Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 67 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 6.1 CONCLUSIONS After completing this graduation paper, I not only gained a lot of precious experiences but also faced up with many difficulties Anyway, I think that this is a good chance for me to improve my major English as well as my skills abilities for y career in the future This graduation paper is important not only to me but also to English majored students of the Faculty of English of Duy Tan University Because the knowledge and the time are limited, so mistakes are unavoible By the way, I received many comments and criticisms from the teachers and friends in order to make my graduation paper better, and I am really thankful about it Especially, I could not complete my graduation paper smoothly without the help a lot of people, especially Ms Bui Thi Kim Phung – my supervisor, she partially contributes to the success of the translated version Once again, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor who gave me an enthusiastic guidance in the period time I did my graduation paper as well as of my teachers in Faculty of English who have taught me during four years at Duy Tan University 6.2 SUGGESTIONS Personally, I think if you really want to become a good translator, you have to clearly identify your learning by the the way in these first days studying in University, you should pay attention to teacher’s lectures Moreover, if you have a lot of knowledge, then your study and practice will become easier Every student should have notebooks to record vocabulary, idioms, syntax, learned in class as well as note essential Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 68 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung vocabulary It will help you remember knowledge better and quickly look up and apply them effectively Besides, grammar is very important in translation, because it is like the same as the foundation of a house The more stables foundation is, the stronger house is Therefore, the students have to master the basis grammar and improve the advance one Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 69 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung REFERENCES I BOOK [1] Alan Duff (Oxford University Press) in the series Resource Books for Teachers, ed Alan Maley 1989 [2] [3] Ghazala, H (1995) Translation as Problems and Solutions Larson, M (1984) Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to CrossLanguage Equivalence University Press of America, Lanham, MD II WEBSITES [4] Cambridge Dictionary Restrival from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/ [5] Oxfoxd Dictionary Restrival from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 Graduation Paper 70 Supervisor: Bui Thi Kim Phung SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Student: Nguyen Hoang Son Code: 2321311699 ... OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESIS NGUYEN HOANG SON AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 13 FROM THE BOOK ? ?THE CULTURE CODE” BY DANIEL. .. carried out with the aim of translating chapter 13 of the book ? ?The Culture Code” by Daniel Coyle I give a general introduction about the reasons for choosing the topic, then translating the English... starling, and at the same instant, on the other side of the flock (thousands of birds away), the other birds instantly sense it and react as one to flow away from the danger The question, of course,