Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).Ảnh hưởng của một số chiết xuất thảo dược lên các chỉ tiêu sinh lý cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING CAN THO UNIVERSITY PHAM NGOC NHU EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) DOCTORAL DISSERTATION MAJOR: AQUACULTURE (9620301) 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING CAN THO UNIVERSITY PHAM NGOC NHU Ph.D student ID: P0618001 EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) DOCTORAL DISSERTATION MAJOR: AQUACULTURE (9620301) SUPERVISOR Prof Dr Do Thi Thanh Huong Assoc Prof Dr Bui Thi Bich Hang DATA SHEET Title: Effects of dietary supplementation with selected plant extracts on the physiological parameters of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Subtitle: Ph.D Dissertation Author: Pham Ngoc Nhu, Ph.D student ID: P0618001 Affiliation: Faculty of Aquatic Biology and Environmental Science, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Vietnam Publication year 2023 Cited as: Nhu, Pham Ngoc (2023) Effects of dietary supplementation with selected plant extracts on the physiological parameters of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Doctoral Dissertation College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Vietnam Keywords: Digestive enzyme activities, hematological parameters, growth, oxidative stress, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, plant extracts Supervisors: Prof Dr Do Thi Thanh Huong, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam Assoc Prof Dr Bui Thi Bich Hang, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam i RESULT COMMITMENT I certify that this dissertation was thoroughly researched using all of the findings of my research The data and results presented in the dissertation were believable and had never been published These data and results are entirely applicable to the BioAquaActive project Can Tho, , 2023 Supervisors Prof Dr Do Thi Thanh Huong Assoc Prof Dr Bui Thi Bich Hang Ph.D Student Pham Ngoc Nhu ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Prof Dr Do Thi Thanh Huong, Assoc Prof Dr Bui Thi Bich Hang and Prof Dr Nguyen Thanh Phuong for offering me the opportunity to properly study the Ph.D program These teachers enthusiastically accompanied and addressed the concepts, reviewed the dissertation details, and provided me with encouragement throughout the study; and have always created the best conditions for me to accomplish the research thoroughly, not only during the study but also when I experienced problems or failures From the smallest attention to the valuable experiences that the professors have taught, it has always been a source of encouragement to promote motivation The fact that I am currently completing the dissertation and the source of the gathered knowledge is proof of the accomplishment of my efforts I would like to thank Prof Dr Patrick Kestemont for his encouragement, motivation, and assistance in accomplishing my responsibilities, not just in terms of knowledge but also in my experiences at Namur University, Belgium The far distance from home, family, relatives, and friends, as well as the experience of visiting a foreign country in terms of culture and language (I initially assumed that Belgian citizens spoke English rather than French), did not prevent me from being concerned On the other hand, Professor Patrick acknowledged all of my anxieties and always created the most supportive conditions for me to rapidly integrate and approach the learning experience and research appropriately I'd like to thank Patrick's team members (Robert, Emily, Enoha, Hossain, Mai, ) for their assistance in improving my analytical skills, as well as the full support of equipment and materials well as the retention of great experiences at Namur University Unfortunately, the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak while I was experiencing in Belgium, and my studies seemed abrupt Everything would probably be stuck if it weren't for the professor's encouragement and assistance in completing my responsibilities completely Once again, I would like to thank Professor Patrick and the members of the team for accompanying me in my beloved Belgium I’d like to thank my companions Dang Quang Hieu, Nguyen Tinh Em, and especially Ms Nguyen Thi Kim Ha for their experience in laboratory analysis techniques, chemicals, and materials at Can Tho University (CTU), as well as, their accompanying each other during the above experience at Namur University I would want to express my sincere appreciation to Dr Do Van Buoc for granting me the opportunity to access and participate in the AquaBioactive project, as well as to complete this dissertation Being with him for the initial two years of my study was a pleasure and an unforgettable experience, as well as an advisor who assisted me when I encountered my initial difficulties Furthermore, my heartfelt gratitude to Ms Hong Mong Huyen, who always promotes the spirit, relieves stress, and shares sorrows and pleasures, as well as experiences, during the period in Belgium, as well as at CTU's dormitory In addition, I would like to thank the physiology team at the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries (CAF), Can Tho University for their great assistance starting from the first day of implementing my study I'd like to thank Ms Le Thi Bach, who helped with the supply of plant extracts for research, as well as the staff of CAF as Assoc Prof Dr Tran Minh Phu and Dr Nguyen Le Anh Dao, aided me with experimental materials for my experiments I also appreciate the collaborative efforts of four female masters (Nguyen Thi Hoi, Tran Thi Phuong Hang, Vien Tuyen Anh, and Doan Anh Thu) who have accompanied together throughout my study; as well as the students in the Faculty of Aquatic Biology and Environmental Science, who have supported and shared the happiness and assistances to implement my experiments Finally, I'd want to express my gratitude to my family and friends for always loving and supporting me during my studies TABLE OF CONTENTS DATA SHEET i RESULT COMMITMENT .ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .iii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATION xiii ABSTRACT xiv TÓM TẮT .xvi CHAPTER .18 INTRODUCTION 18 1.1 General introduction 18 1.2 The objectives of the dissertation 1.3 The main contents of the dissertation 20 1.4 The hypotheses of the dissertation .21 1.5 New findings of the dissertation 21 1.6 Significant contributions of the dissertation 22 CHAPTER .22 LITERATURE REVIEW .23 2.1 The status and importance of aquaculture and fisheries .23 2.2 Climate changes and impacts on aquaculture and fisheries 27 2.3 Mechanism of stress on fish 28 2.4 Effects of environmental factors on fish 30 2.4.1 Effect of temperature on fish .30 2.4.2 Effects of salinity on fish 37 2.4.3 Effects of nitrite on fish 43 2.5 Effects of plant extracts on fish 47 2.5.1 Effects of plant extracts on hematological parameters of fish 47 2.5.2 Effects of plant extracts on digestive enzymes activities and growth of fish .49 2.5.3 The effects of plant extracts on oxidative stress of fishes 60 2.5.4 Effects of plant extracts on striped catfish (P hypophthalmus) 62 a) Effects of Mimosa pudica on aquaculture species 67 b) Effects of Psidium guajava on aquaculture species .67 c) Effect of Phyllanthus amarus on fish .71 d) Effect of Euphorbia hirta on fish 77 e) Effect of Azadirachta indica on fish .79 CHAPTER .81 EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACTS ON SELECTED HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF STRIPED CATFISH, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) FINGERLINGS 81 Abstract 81 3.1 Introduction 81 3.2 Material and Method 83 3.2.1 Plant extract and feed preparation .83 3.2.2 Experimental fish acclimation, facilities, and feeding management 84 3.2.3 Haematological and biochemical parameters 85 3.2.4 Digestive enzyme activities .86 3.2.5 Growth performance and survival rate 86 3.2.6 Statistical analysis .87 3.3 Results 87 3.3.1 Effects of plant extracts on haematological parameters 87 3.3.2 Effects of plant extract on digestive enzyme activities 90 3.3.3 Effects of plant extracts on growth performance and the survival rate 91 3.4 Discussion 92 3.5 Conclusions 96 CHAPTER 97 EFFECTS OF Psidium guajava AND Phyllanthus amarus EXTRACTS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND GROWTH OF STRIPED CATFISH, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus FINGERLINGS EXPOSED TO HIGHTEMPERATURE STRESS .97 4.1 Introduction 98 4.2 Materials and methods 100 4.2.1 Plant extracts and diet preparation 100 4.2.2 Experimental fish acclimation, facilities, and feeding trial .101 4.2.3 Haematological and biochemical parameters 102 4.2.4 Oxidative stress assays 103 4.2.5 Statistical analysis 104 4.3 Results 105 4.3.1 Effect of plant extract on P hypophthalmus haematological parameters 105 4.3.2 Effect of plant extract on digestive enzyme activities .109 4.3.3 Effect of plant extract on growth performance of P hypophthalmus 111 4.3.4 Effect of plant extract on P hypophthalmus oxidative stress 113 4.4 Discussion 115 4.5 Conclusions 122 Acknowledgments 122 CHAPTER 123 EFFECTS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) AND BHUMI AMLA (Phyllanthus amarus Chum et Thonn.) EXTRACTS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND GROWTH OF STRIPED CATFISH, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus FINGERLINGS EXPOSED TO SUBLETHAL SALINITIES 123 Abstract 123 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 Material and Method 125 5.2.1 Plant extract and feed preparation 125 5.2.2 Experimental fish acclimation, facilities, and feeding management 126 5.2.3 Haematological and biochemical parameters 127 5.2.4 Digestive enzyme activities .127 5.2.5 Oxidative stress biomarkers 128 5.2.6 Growth performance and survival rate 129 5.2.7 Statistical analysis 129 5.3 Results .129 5.3.1 Effects of plant extracts on haematological parameters 129 5.3.2 Effects of plant extracts on digestive enzyme activities 133 5.3.3 Effects of plant extracts on oxidative stress 136 5.3.4 Effects of plant extracts on growth performance and the survival rate 140 5.4 Discussion 140 5.5 Conclusions 144 CHAPTER 126 EFFECTS OF Psidium guajava AND Phyllanthus amarus EXTRACTS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND GROWTH OF STRIPED CATFISH, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus FINGERLINGS EXPOSED TO NITRITE-INDUCED TOXICITY .126 Abstract 126 6.1 Introduction 126 6.2 Material and Method 128 6.2.1 Plant extract and feed preparation 128 6.2.2 Experimental fish acclimation, facilities, and feeding management 128 6.2.3 Haematological and biochemical parameters 130 6.2.4 Digestive enzyme activities .130 6.2.5 Oxidative stress biomarkers 131 6.2.6 Growth performance and survival rate 132 6.2.7 Statistical analysis 132 6.3 Results .132 6.3.1 Effects of plant extracts on haematological parameters 132