Luận văn tốt nghiệp trường Đại học Ngoại Thương TP.Hồ Chí Minh về các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới quyết định lựa chọn nghề nghiệp của thế hệ Z. Tác giả sử dụng mô hình ban đầu gồm 5 yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới quyết định lựa chọn nghề nghiệp của gen Z bao gồm: Gia đình (family), Sự tin tưởng vào khả năng của bản thân (selfefficacy), Triển vọng nghề nghiệp (career prospect), Sở thích cá nhân (personal interest) và Mạng xã hội (social media). Kết quả cho thấy có 4 yếu tố tác động đến quyết định lựa chọn nghề nghiệp của gen Z là Gia đình (family), Sự tin tưởng vào khả năng của bản thân (selfefficacy), Triển vọng nghề nghiệp (career prospect), Sở thích cá nhân (personal interest)
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY CAMPUS GRADUATION THESIS Major: International Business Economic FACTORS AFFECTING GENERATION Z ON SELECTING MAJORS IN THE UNIVERSITY: THE CASE OF VIETNAM Student: Bui Nguyen Ngoc Hien Student ID: 1801015022 Class: K57CLC3 Supervisor: PhD Vu Thi Dan Tra Thesis ID: A256 Ho Chi Minh City, December 2021 FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY CAMPUS SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness Ho Chi Minh City, 28/12/2021 DISSERTATION REMARKS Student’s full name: Bui Nguyen Ngoc Hien Student code: 1801015022 Subject of the thesis: Factors affecting Generation Z on selecting majors in the University: the case of Vietnam Name of the supervisor: PhD Vu Thi Dan Tra Department: Foreign Trade University Ho Chi Minh City Campus DETAILED REMARKS Student’s attitude and progress during the dissertation schedule: Responsiveness of scientific content to the research topic: Format of the dissertation: The supervisor proposes the score for student’s attitude and progress during the dissertation schedule: ./1 Supervisor (Signature with full name) STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a report or thesis by which the author has qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgements in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution I am aware that copyright infringement can result in injunctive remedies and claims for the damages of the author, as well as a penalty from the law enforcement agency ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, the author of this thesis would like to express my sincere gratitude to her academic supervisor PhD Vu Thi Dan Tra for the wholehearted support and instruction during the preparation period Without her significant feedback and detailed guidance, the thesis could not have been well accomplished The author would also want to send her thankyou words to all teachers in Foreign Trade University for all the precious knowledge as well as orienting suitable majors for students, which sets the foundation for the author during her researching and creating of this thesis Second, the author would like to express her gratitude to 53 respondents who were initially included in the trial research phase, for their respondence and for providing constructive feedback to improve the initial questionnaire, which assists the completion of the final questionnaire Furthermore, the author is appreciative to all respondents who spent their time to complete the survey so that the research could be completed Due to the limited knowledge and researching experience, mistakes and drawbacks is unavoidable in the thesis Therefore, the author is looking forward to receiving comments and feedbacks to accomplish the thesis Finally, the author would like to wish all teachers at the Foreign Trade University Ho Chi Minh Campus good health, happiness, and success in their professional and personal lives., Table of Contents List of Abbreviation List of Figures List of Tables CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH 1.1 Rationale of the research: 1.2 Research Background: 1.3 Research Aims & Objective 1.3.1 Research aims 1.3.2 Research objectives: 1.4 Research Object & Scope: 1.4.1 Research object: 1.4.2 Research scope: 1.5 Research questions: 1.6 Research Methodology 1.7 Contribution and significance of the research 1.7.1 Theorical contribution and significance: 1.7.2 Practical contribution and significance: 10 1.8 Structure: 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 12 2.1 Overview of related subjects: 12 2.1.1 Generation Z 12 2.1.2 Definition and background of university majors: 15 2.2 Theory Foundation: 16 2.2.1 Theory of planned behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) 17 2.2.2 Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) (Lent et al, 1994) 18 2.2.3 Holland’s Theory of Vocational choice (John L Holland, 1959) 20 2.3 Literature Review .21 2.3.1 Research applying the three mentioned theorical frameworks .21 2.3.2 Research studying difference in behaviors among different groups: 24 2.3.3 Research studying academic or career decision-making behaviors in Vietnam: 26 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2: 28 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 29 3.1 Research procedure: .29 3.2 Research design: 29 3.2.1 Research model and hypotheses: 29 3.2.2 Variables 35 3.3 3.3 Trial research 41 3.4 Official research 42 3.4.1 Data collection: 42 3.5 Methods and data analysis 43 3.5.1 Descriptive statistic: 43 3.5.2 Reliability assessment: Cronbach alpha, hypothesis testing 44 3.5.3 EFA factor analysis .44 3.5.4 Pearson Correlation test: 45 3.5.5 ANOVA and T-test 47 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 47 32 ANNEX 7: LINEAR REGRESSION Initial linear regression: Model Summaryb Model R 717a R Square Adjusted R Square Std Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson ,513 ,506 ,53198 1,946 a Predictors: (Constant), SOCIA, FAM, PROS, INT, SELF b Dependent Variable: CHOI ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square Regression 93,169 Residual Sig 18,634 65,844 000b 88,297 312 Total F ,283 181,466 317 a Dependent Variable: CHOI b Predictors: (Constant), SOCIA, FAM, PROS, INT, SELF Coefficientsa Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Model B (Constant) -,230 ,237 -,970 ,333 FAM ,107 ,044 ,100 2,417 ,016 SELF ,262 ,061 ,227 4,284 ,000 PROS ,457 ,058 ,387 7,877 ,000 INT ,326 ,058 ,288 5,624 ,000 -,095 ,050 -,093 -1,916 ,056 SOCIA Std Error a Dependent Variable: CHOI Beta t Sig 33 Residuals Statistics Minimum Maximum Mean Std Deviation N Predicted Value Residual ,8270 5,0928 3,7945 ,54213 318 -2,34692 1,35269 ,00000 ,52777 318 Std Predicted Value -5,474 2,395 ,000 1,000 318 Std Residual -4,412 2,543 ,000 ,992 318 a Dependent Variable: CHOI Histogram graph: P-P Plot 34 Scatterplot: 35 Final regression model: Model Summaryb Model R 713a R Square Adjusted R Square Std Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson ,508 ,501 ,53425 a Predictors: (Constant), INT, FAM, PROS, SELF ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig 1,938 36 Regression 92,130 Residual 23,032 80,697 000b 89,336 313 Total ,285 181,466 317 a Dependent Variable: CHOI b Predictors: (Constant), INT, FAM, PROS, SELF Coefficientsa Unstandardized Standardized Collinearity Coefficients Coefficients Statistics Model B (Constant) -,245 Std Error Beta t ,238 Sig Tolerance VIF - ,304 1,029 FAM ,090 ,043 ,084 2,079 ,038 ,952 1,050 SELF ,255 ,061 ,220 4,149 ,000 ,559 1,789 PROS ,434 ,057 ,367 7,614 ,000 ,676 1,480 INT ,288 ,055 ,254 5,265 ,000 ,675 1,481 a Dependent Variable: CHOI Residuals Statisticsa Minimum Maximum Mean Std Deviation N Predicted Value Residual ,8223 5,0914 3,7945 ,53910 318 -2,39322 1,33435 ,00000 ,53086 318 Std Predicted Value -5,513 2,406 ,000 1,000 318 Std Residual -4,480 2,498 ,000 ,994 318 a Dependent Variable: CHOI 37 Histogram graph: P-P Plot: 38 Scatterplot: 39 40 ANNEX 8: ANOVA AND T-TEST: T-test for Gender: Group Statistics Gender N Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean CHOI Male 114 3,7544 ,81294 ,07614 Female 204 3,8170 ,72432 ,05071 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means Sig (2- Mean Std 95% Confidence Error Interval of the tailed Differe Differen F CHOI Equal Sig t ,948 ,331 -,707 df ) nce 316 ,480 -,06261 ce Difference Lower Upper ,08854 -,23682 ,11160 variances assumed Equal -,684 212,246 ,494 -,06261 variances not assumed ANOVA analysis for other groups: 2.1 Age Descriptives ,09148 -,24294 ,11772 41 CHOI 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std N Mean Deviation From Std Lower Upper Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum 41 3,8699 ,54710 ,08544 3,6972 4,0426 3,00 5,00 266 3,7769 ,79381 ,04867 3,6811 3,8728 1,00 5,00 11 3,9394 ,44267 ,13347 3,6420 4,2368 3,00 4,67 318 3,7945 ,75660 ,04243 3,7111 3,8780 1,00 5,00 15 to 18 From 19 to 23 From 24 to 25 Total Test of Homogeneity of Variances CHOI Levene Statistic df1 3,329 df2 Sig 315 ,037 CHOI Sum of Squares Between ,546 Mean df Square 180,920 315 Groups Total 181,466 317 Sig ,273 ,475 ,622 Groups Within F ,574 42 Robust Tests of Equality of Means CHOI Statistica Welch df1 ,922 df2 Sig 27,193 ,410 a Asymptotically F distributed 2.2 Highschool location: CHOI 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std N Mean Deviation North Std Lower Upper Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum 3,4167 1,70783 ,85391 ,6991 6,1342 1,00 5,00 188 3,8723 ,67571 ,04928 3,7751 3,9696 1,00 5,00 South 91 3,7143 ,89245 ,09355 3,5284 3,9001 1,00 5,00 Highlands 35 3,6286 ,60375 ,10205 3,4212 3,8360 2,00 5,00 318 3,7945 ,75660 ,04243 3,7111 3,8780 1,00 5,00 Central Region Total Test of Homogeneity of Variances CHOI Levene Statistic 5,958 df1 df2 Sig 314 ,001 Robust Tests of Equality of Means CHOI 43 Statistica df1 Welch 1,825 df2 Sig 13,853 ,189 a Asymptotically F distributed ANOVA CHOI Sum of Squares df Mean Square Between Groups 3,259 Within Groups 178,207 314 Total 181,466 317 2.3 F Sig 1,086 1,914 ,127 ,568 University location: Descriptives CHOI 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std N Mean Deviation Ho Chi Std Lower Upper Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum 169 3,8205 ,80917 ,06224 3,6976 3,9434 1,00 5,00 39 3,8034 ,65211 ,10442 3,5920 4,0148 2,00 5,00 4,3333 ,47140 ,33333 ,0979 8,5687 4,00 4,67 105 3,7492 ,69458 ,06778 3,6148 3,8836 1,00 5,00 3,4444 1,34715 ,77778 ,0979 6,7910 2,00 4,67 Minh City Da Nang City Ha Noi Capital Others Foreign Countries 44 Total 318 3,7945 ,75660 ,04243 3,7111 3,8780 1,00 5,00 Test of Homogeneity of Variances CHOI Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig 1,644 313 ,163 Robust Tests of Equality of Means CHOI Statistica df1 df2 Sig Welch ,626 5,368 ,663 a Asymptotically F distributed CHOI Between Sum of Mean Squares df Square F 1,281 Sig ,320 ,556 ,695 Groups Within 180,185 313 ,576 Groups Total 2.4 181,466 317 Occupation: Descriptives CHOI Std Std 95% Confidence N Mean Deviation Error Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum 45 University Lower Upper Bound Bound 269 3,7782 ,78805 ,04805 3,6836 3,8728 1,00 5,00 26 3,8205 ,55961 ,10975 3,5945 4,0465 3,00 5,00 14 4,0238 ,59145 ,15807 3,6823 4,3653 2,67 4,67 3,8519 ,47467 ,15822 3,4870 4,2167 3,00 4,67 318 3,7945 ,75660 ,04243 3,7111 3,8780 1,00 5,00 students Highschool students Officer Freelancer Total Test of Homogeneity of Variances CHOI Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig 1,634 314 ,181 Robust Tests of Equality of Means CHOI Statistica df1 Welch ,738 df2 Sig 24,311 ,540 a Asymptotically F distributed CHOI Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Between Groups ,855 Within Groups 180,611 314 Total 181,466 317 Sig ,285 ,495 ,686 ,575 46