Phân tích bản dịch tiếng anh các từ ngữ đặc thù văn hoá trong truyện kiều nguyễn du được thực hiện chuyển ngữ bởi một dịch giả bản ngữ tiếng việt và một dịch giả bản ngữ tiếng anh

HUE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH  GRADUATION THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN “TRUYEN KIEU” (NGUYEN DU) MADE BY A NATIVE-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATOR AND A NATIVE-ENGLISH TRANSLATOR Major: Interpretation STUDENT : NGUYEN LE DIEM QUYNH SUPERVISOR: TRUONG BACH LE, Ed.D, FACULTY OF ENGLISH Hue, April 2023 ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA TIẾNG ANH  KHĨA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP PHÂN TÍCH BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG ANH CÁC TỪ NGỮ ĐẶC THÙ VĂN HOÁ TRONG TRUYỆN KIỀU (NGUYỄN DU) ĐƯỢC THỰC HIỆN CHUYỂN NGỮ BỞI MỘT DỊCH GIẢ BẢN NGỮ TIẾNG VIỆT VÀ MỘT DỊCH GIẢ BẢN NGỮ TIẾNG ANH NGÀNH TIẾNG ANH PHIÊN DỊCH Sinh viên thực hiện: NGUYỄN LÊ DIỄM QUỲNH Giảng viên hướng dẫn: TS TRƯƠNG BẠCH LÊ Huế, 4/2023 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby affirm that I authored this thesis entirely on my own and that it has not been submitted for assessment before I declare that this thesis contains no materials previously published or written by another individual; all proper citations are included and certified I am aware that any copyright infringements can lead to a series of grave consequences if found All rights reserved No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the Faculty of English Thua Thien Hue Province, April 2023 i ABSTRACT Literary works are often loaded with certain elements called culture-specific items (CSIs) which specifically reflect a distinct culture It is said that translating these items poses great challenges to the translators because CSIs could be entirely limited and unique in the source culture, and might not find any equivalents or might not be intelligible in the target culture To get beyond this complexity, the translator must use a variety of strategies Through a quantitative and qualitative investigation, the research attempted to determine the most frequently used strategies applied by a native- Vietnamese translator compared to a native-English translator in translating 197 CSIs based on Amenador and Wang’s categorization (2022) The corpus used in this study was Truyen Kieu (Nguyen Du), its two English translations namely “Kiều – poetic English version” by Hoai Van Tu (1996) and “The Kim Van Kieu of Nguyen Du” by Vladislav V Zhukov (2004) The study also sought to determine the degree to which Vietnamese and English native translators used CSI translation procedures that were different from one another in terms of frequency In light of the data found, Venuti’s model will be used to reveal which strategy (foreignization versus domestication) is predominantly used in two English translation versions The findings indicated that the most frequently used strategy by Hoai Van Tu was Literal translation and the least frequently used strategy was Omission Compared to Vladislav V Zhukov, the most frequently used strategy among others has been determined to be Neutralization while Condensation was left out of this study’s scope as there were not found any peculiar examples Besides, the translation analysis showed that foreignization strategies were dominantly employed in the translation done by the native-Vietnamese translator, while domestication strategies were used frequently in the one done by the nativeEnglish translator ii TĨM TẮT KHỐ LUẬN Các tác phẩm văn học thường giàu yếu tố phản ánh cụ thể văn hóa riêng biệt với tên gọi “Từ ngữ đặc thù văn hoá” (CSIs) Việc dịch từ ngữ đặc thù thường đặt thách thức lớn người dịch chúng hồn tồn bị giới hạn văn hóa nguồn khơng tìm thấy từ tương đương phù hợp vơ nghĩa dễ gây nhầm lẫn văn hóa đích Để giải vấn đề này, dịch giả phải khéo léo sử dụng kết hợp nhiều chiến lược khác Bằng sử dụng phương pháp định lượng định tính, nghiên cứu hướng đến xác định chiến lược sử dụng thường xuyên hai dịch Trong dịch thực dịch giả người Việt xứ so với dịch chuyển ngữ dịch giả ngữ Anh trình dịch 197 từ ngữ đặc thù văn hoá (CSIs) dựa chiến lược Amenador Wang Ngữ liệu sử dụng nghiên cứu Truyện Kiều (Nguyễn Du) hai dịch tiếng Anh “Kiều – poetic English version” Hoài Văn Tử (1996) “The Kim Van Kieu of Nguyen Du” Vladislav V Zhukov (2004) Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu nỗ lực xác định điểm khác biệt quy trình dịch thuật từ ngữ đặc thù văn hoá dịch dựa tần suất Dựa liệu tìm thấy, mơ hình Venuti (1995) sử dụng để tiết lộ chiến lược (ngoại quốc hóa so với nội địa hóa) sử dụng chủ yếu hai phiên dịch tiếng Anh Các phát chiến lược Hoài Văn Tử sử dụng thường xuyên “Literal translation” (dịch nguyên văn) chiến lược sử dụng “Omission” (lược bỏ) So với Vladislav V Zhukov, chiến lược dịch giả ưu sử dụng liên tục số chiến lược khác “Neutralization” (Trung hồ) lại khơng tìm thấy ví dụ đặc biệt dùng phương pháp dịch “Condensation” (cô đọng dịch) dịch Bên cạnh đó, việc phân tích dịch cho thấy chiến lược ngoại hóa ưu tiên sử dụng chủ yếu dịch thực dịch giả ngữ Việt, chiến lược nội địa hóa nhấn mạnh dịch thực dịch giả ngữ Anh Hy vọng với kết nghiên cứu có ích cho nhà nghiên cứu giảng viên học sinh tương lai iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several individuals who, in one way or another, contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of my undergraduate thesis First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr Truong Bach Le, my distinguished adviser, for all the valuable insights and advice that helped me throughout my undergraduate studies My thesis would not have been possible without his constructive feedback and assistance I am deeply thankful for his time and effort, as well as for his commitment to my success Secondly, much appreciation is given to the Faculty of English and the Hue University of Foreign Languages and International Studies for providing me with the opportunity to pursue my undergraduate project, which laid the foundation for my future career Thirdly, I would like to express my profound appreciation to the two translators of the two English contributions, namely Hoai Van Tu (1996), Vladislav V Zhukov (2004), as well as to Nguyen Du, the author of the poem “Truyen Kieu", and to Le Van Hoe and Huynh Sanh Thong, who both supplied me with references that were helpful to this research Next, my gratitude is also extended to my dear family members, who have supported me and kept me motivated through the hardships during the course of my research Last but not least, my thankfulness is also delivered to my beloved classmates in the Interpretation class (the academic year 2019–2023), particularly those who have always been my sharing partners: Ngoc Hung, An Chau, Tien Dat and all of you who have ever devoted your time to root for me directly or indirectly iv TABLE OF CONTENT STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ABSTRACT ii TĨM TẮT KHỐ LUẬN iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Research Questions: 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 Research method: 1.4.2 The scope of the study: 1.4.3 Data collection: 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Organization of the Study: CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Culture and translation 2.1.1 An overview of translation 2.1.2 The concept of culture 2.1.3 The connection between culture and translation 2.2 Culture-specific items in literary translation 10 2.2.1 Culture-specific items: Definition 10 2.2.2 Culture-specific items: Types 11 2.2.3 Literary translation 13 2.2.4 Challenges in translating culture-specific items in literary translation 14 2.3 Translation strategies for culture-specific items 16 v 2.3.1 Macro stategies: foreignization and domestication 16 2.3.2 Micro stategies in translating CSIs 18 2.3.3 Amenador & Wang’s taxonomy of translating CSIs 19 2.3.3.1.Retetion: 19 2.3.3.2 Literal translation: 20 2.3.3.3 Neutralization : 20 2.3.3.4 Description: 20 2.3.3.5 Particularization : 20 2.3.3.6 Generalization: 21 2.3.3.7 Amplification: 21 2.3.3.8 Condensation: 21 2.3.3.9 Intracultural adaption: 21 2.3.3.10 Substitution: 21 2.3.3.11 Omission: 22 2.4 Previous Studies 22 CHAPTER : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 24 3.1 The Data of the Study 24 3.2 Data Collection Procedure 24 3.3 Data Analysis 25 CHAPTER : FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 27 4.1 Micro strategies 27 4.1.1 The translation of CSIs in Hoai Van Tu’s English version 28 4.1.1.1 Retention: 29 4.1.1.2 Literal translation: 30 4.1.1.3 Neutralization: .31 4.1.1.3.1 Description: 32 4.1.1.3.2 Particularization: 32 4.1.1.3.3 Generalization: 33 4.1.1.4 Amplification: 34 4.1.1.5 Condensation: 35 vi 4.1.1.6 Intracultural adaption: 36 4.1.1.7 Substitution: 37 4.1.1.8 Omission 38 4.1.2.1 Retention: 39 4.1.2.2 Literal translation: 40 4.1.2.3 Neutralization: .41 4.1.2.3.1 Description: 41 4.1.2.3.2 Particularization: 42 4.1.2.3.3 Generalization: 42 4.1.2.4 Amplification: 43 4.1.2.5 Condensation: 43 4.1.2.6 Intracultural adaption: 44 4.1.2.7 Substitution: 45 4.1.2.8 Omission: 46 4.2 Macro stratergies 47 4.2.1 The translation of CSIs in Hoai Van Tu’s English version 48 4.2.2 The translation of CSIs in Vladislav V Zhukov’s English version 50 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 53 5.1 Summary of Research Findings 53 5.1.1 Research Question 1: What are the micro strategies employed in translating culture-specific items in the two English translation versions of Truyen Kieu? 53 5.1.2 Research question 2: What are the differences between the micro strategies in translating culture-specific items in the two English translation versions of Truyen Kieu? 54 5.1.3 Research question 3: How are the macro strategies (domestication and foreignization) used by the two different translators (a native-English translator and a native-Vietnamese translator)? 54 5.2 Implications of the Study 55 5.3 Limitations of the Study 56 5.4 Suggestions for Further Research .57 vii 5.5 Conclusion 57 REFERENCES 59 APPENDICES 63 viii Line 942 – page 50 65 Màu hồ And now that yon fine stuff hath lost her glossy size, Neutralization (Description) Line 969 – page 51 66 ầm ầm strike with thunderous sprays Line 1054 – page 55 67 Lấy (giải nghĩa từ) 68 Đường tháo lui Neutralization (Description) Omission retreat Literation translation Line 1888 – page 62 69 Vành bảy chữ, vành nghề the fifteen hidden lores Line 1210 – page 64 70 Dập dìu gió cành chim A windblown leaf a branch on which each bird alights ’ Neutralization (Generalization) Neutralization (Description) Line 1231 – page 65 71 Tống Ngọc, Trường Khanh new flights of libertines Line 1232 – page 65 72 Chín chữ cao sâu Neutralization (Description) first nine staves that Substitution children lisp, Line 1253 – page 66 73 Liễu Chương Đài Willowless 93 Literal translation Line 1261 – page 66 74 Hoa chắp cành cho chưa ? That cognate grafting bud on branch by Kieu bequeathed to Neutralization (Particularization) + Amplification sister Vân? Line 1265 – page 98 75 Đá vàng deathless stone Substitution Line 1290 – page 68 76 77 Lửa lựu Chúa Xuân the pomegranate kindles darker glows, like lanterns wee Line 1308 – page 101 gardenhusbandmen Neutralization (Description) + Amplification Substitution Line 1327 – page 70 78 Cung trăng Lunar Palace Literal translation Line 1340 – page 71 79 chị Hằng Wife Substitution Line 1340 – page 71 80 Hàm sư tử the gullet of a lion- Substitution Line 1350 – page 71 81 Liễu ngõ hoa tường a willow by a lane of ill-renown? 94 Literal translation + Substitution Line 1355 – page 71 82 Chiến hoà War Line 1373 – page 72 83 Má phấn powdered cheeks Literal translation + Condensation Literal translation Line 1392 – page 74 84 Chàm indigo Literal translation Line 1397 – page 74 85 Ôm cầm 86 Tơ nhện Omission web Literal translation Line 1422 – page 75 87 Tiên hoa Decree Intracultural adaption Line 1455 – page 77 88 Thịnh Đường Duong Retention + Condensation Line 1455 – page 77 89 Đàn ngang cung 90 Đuốc hồng điểm Omission galaxied highflaring brands Substitution Line 1466 – page 77 91 Đào, sen Peach, the lote Line 1474 – page 79 95 Literal translation 92 Nhạn yến Salanganes Line 1478 – page 79 93 E thay to fear Literal translation + omission Literal translation Line 1485 – page 79 94 95 Đáy sông Stream-depths (Dễ lường rốn bể mị đáy sơng) Line 1480 – page 79 yến thắm, trôn kim one notes the bodkin hid Substitution Intracultural adaption Line 1507 – page 80 96 nực cười farce Literal translation Line 1544 – page 83 97 Ván, thuyền discompose the marriage bark and build anew Neutralization (Description) Line 1552 – page 83 98 99 Rút dây ( Rút dây động rừng) pressing on a vine Ngứa ghẻ hờn ghen mange, jealous Line 1580 – page 84 Neutralization (Particularization) Literal translation Line 1609 – page 86 100 Khuyển Ưng Hound and Hawk Intracultural adaption Line 1624 – page 86 101 ả Hằng moon-sprite 96 Substitution +Condensation Line 1636 – page 87 102 Phật đài Buddha’s shrine Line 1639 – page 87 103 Chưa tàn nén hương (ngụ ý thời gian) 104 Quàng xiên a cedarn scent-stick burned Mấy lần gặp tiên Literal translation + Substitution +Amplification Line 1690 – page 90 the nonsense of some seer Line 1701 – page 90 105 Literal translation +Substitution see Kieu more— hope twice this dust-dark Neutralization (description) Neutralization (Description)+ Amplification sphere Line 1701 – page 90 106 Đào lý cành The peach, the plum frond Line 1741 – page 92 107 May rủi đành Literal translation + Neutralization (Particularization) blow bland or bitter Intracultural adaption a whit restored an arid heart Neutralization Line 1751 – page 93 108 Say lòng người Line 1780 – page 94 109 Uyên mandarin-fowl Line 1792 – page 95 97 (Description) Literal translation +Substitution 110 Cúc, sen Lotus, chrysanthemum Literal translation Line 1795 – page 95 111 Canh điểm ba Thrice,water clock Neutralization Line 1865 – page 99 (description) 112 nhà vàng A mansion, a king’s Neutralization gold-gaited (Description) Line 1902 – page 102 113 Quan âm Quan-Âm Retention Line 1913 – page 102 114 thước (đơn vị đo) cubit Substitution Line 1914 – page 102 115 Ngũ cúng candles bear, blooms, incense, tea and fruit: Neutralization (Description) the wares of sacrifice Line 1919 – page 102 116 Tam quy vow submittal thrice Line 1920 – page 102 117 Cành dương Quan-Âm’s groves Line 1931 – page 103 98 Neutralization (Description) Neutralization (Description)+Generalization 118 Trăng đứng đầu The moon-car twice traversed Neutralization (description) + Amplification Line 1934 – page 103 119 Chúa Xuân 120 Tông đường Omission born duties Substitution Line 1953 – page 104 121 Cắn Omission 122 Giọt mưa Omission 123 Con tằm vương tơ Love’s silkwormstrand Neutralization (Description) +Amplification Line 1977 – page 105 124 125 Hoa tì Kinh thư a maid Neutralization Line 1980 – page 105 (Description) penning writ.’ Substitution Line 1986 – page 105 126 Lan đình Lan-Dinh Retention Line 1988 – page 105 127 Người (chồng) candidates Substitution Line 2102 – page 112 128 Hùm, sói tigers Literal translation +Omission Line 2122 – page 112 99 129 130 Bạc, mặt bạc tình Đào hoa Bac (so writ reads) Retention + Neutralization Line 2143 – page 113 (Description) Peach Star Substitution Line 2151 – page 146 131 Phèn Ash Intracultural adaption Line 2156 – page 114 132 Gươm đàn a sword, a lute Line 2174 – page 115 133 Mắt xanh lightning-eyed Literal translation +Intracultural translation Substitution Line 2182 – page 116 134 Cá chậu chim lồng cage-birds, fish in tanks Literal translation Line 2184 – page 116 135 Đá thử vàng discerning in them dross or gold Line 2187 – page 116 136 Bình-nguyên quân kings and nobly mastered royal trust Line 2192 – page 116 137 Mây rồng dragon-clouds Neutralization (Description) Neutralization (Description) Literal translation Line 2196 – page 116 138 Phượng phoenix 100 Literal translation Line 2212 – page 117 139 Lìa Lote-stem snap Amplification Line 2243 – page 117 140 Cởi giáp Besides unbuckled swords and tasselled carapaces Neutralization +Substitution (Description) Line 2262 – page 119 141 Dây cát small vines Literal translation Line 2280 – page 120 142 Quản gia stewardess Substitution Line 2305 – page 123 143 Trướng hùm a tiger skin Substitution Line 2315 – page 123 144 Giẻ run a wagtail Intracultural adaption Line 2326 – page 123 145 Nghìn vàng these chests of “lang” Substitution Line 2347 – page 125 146 Lòng Phiếu mẫu 147 Hạc nội mây ngàn Omission flown cranes twice on wolds appear?—doth mountain mist Line 2403 – page 101 Neutralization + Substitution (Description) 127 148 Phong trần the whistling turbulence Line 2445 – page 130 149 Giá áo túi cơm coat-racks, ricebag-bellies, Neutralization (Description) Literal translation Line 2446 – page 130 150 151 Đẩy xe Hồ Tôn Hiến pushed his car Lễ vật gifts Line 2453 – page 130 Literal translation + omission Literal translation Line 2458 – page 161 152 Hoàng Sào Hoang-Sao Retention Line 2496 – page 132 153 Lộc trọng the king avails Substitution Line 2497 – page 132 154 Thần thánh heaven’s care Intracultural adaption Line 2519 – page 133 155 Dây loan Omission 156 Tiểu Lân Omisssion 157 Liễu, Đào Omission 158 Thổ quan The chieftainspouse Line 2637 – page 139 102 Neutralization (Description) 159 Âm cực dương hồi that yin and yang reign Literal translation +Intracultural adaption Line 2646 – page 140 160 Tà dâm debauched ones Substitution Line 2682 – page 141 161 Vẹn lời what mine old eyes were given to foresee Line 2693 – page 142 162 Trạc Tuyền Bright Source Substitution Line 2726 – page 143 163 Song trăng The window where Kieu moonbeams caught Line 2746 – page 145 164 Ván đóng thuyền That plank is fastened to another hull Amplification + Neutralization (Description) Intracultural adaption Line 2801 – page 148 165 Lò hương the incense-brazier, Line 2850 – page 150 166 Phím đồng Literal translation +intracultural adaption the fretted art Neutralization Line 2850 – page (Generalization) 103 150 167 Ngõ hạnh the palace hosts them devoirfests; Line 2681 – page 151 168 Châu Trần Chung Neutralization (Description) Retention Line 2867 – page 181 169 Ngọc đường jade halls Line 2870 – page 151 170 Tiếng hạc cranes Literal translation +Substitution Literal translation Line 2876 – page 151 171 Chiếc bơ vơ helpless leaf Literal translation Line 2929 – page 154 172 Kiếp trần In undesisting storms Line 2930 – page 154 173 Tinh Vệ Geese Neutralization (Description) Intracultural adaption Line 2970 – page 156 174 Chiếc lìa rừng the leaf had flown its parent-coppice green, Literal translation +substitution Line 2995 – page 188 175 Hoa, hương Rose, its perfume Line 2997 – page 104 Literal translation + Neutralization (Particularization) 157 176 Minh That dark Literal translation Line 2999 – page 157 177 Dãi nguyệt dầu hoa the moon and roses Line 3025 – page 158 178 179 Muối dưa Chén (rượu) cúc Literal translation + Neutralization (Particularization) Nature grants Neutralization Line 3043 – page 159 (Generalization) chrysanthemum liqueur Literal translation + condensation Line 3061 – page 160 180 Gương vỡ (lại lành) the broken mirror Literal translation Line 3071 – page 161 181 Quả mai ba bảy dương vừa The apricot latepicked hath gifts of sweeter store Line 3075 – page 161 182 Hoa thơm phong nhị the odour of a budding bough Neutralization (Description) + Amplification Literal translation + substitution Line 3094 – page 162 183 Gió táp mưa sa repeated gyres Substitution Line 3099 – page 162 184 Từ khép cửa phòng thu the world outside my door to henceforth shun 105 Neutralization (Description) Line 3107 – page 162 185 Chàng Tiêu 186 Vớt hương đất Omission Retrieve for further use the scrags of incense spent Literal translation Line 3154 – page 164 187 Hoa cuối mùa cloak Substitution Line 3154 – page 164 188 Ái ân love Literal translation Line 3173 – page 165 189 Gương Mirror Literal translation Line 3173 – page 165 190 kim lost jade Line 3175 – page 163 191 Khói trầm smoking scent Intracultural adaption+ amplification Literal translation +substitution Line 3198 – page 166 192 Trang sinh Trang Retention Line 3200 – page 165 193 Thục Đế 194 Khi xem hoa nở Omission With blooms, oft sat to see from out its 106 Literal translation + Amplification + Line 3224 – page 16 195 Hái thuốc Gone for balsam leaves Line 3231 – page 168 196 Vườn xuân A garden Line 3140 – page 169 197 Phong trần Neutralization ( Description) Literal translation + condensation dust to live Neutralization Line 3244 – page 200 (Descriprtion) 107