Chính sách đối ngoại và hoạt động quốc tế của đảng và nhà nước việt nam (1975 2000)

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRirdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN De tai: A,' CHINH SACH DOI NGOAI VA HOAT DONG QUOC TE CUA DANG VA NHA NUOC VIET NAM (1975 - 2000) Ma so: NC 01.11 Chu tri de tai: Th.S Vii Dinh Kong DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA N I TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU VI^N PT/ 54-6 HANOI, 11-2003 Mac Lgc Ldi mo dan CHUONG I CHINH SACH DOI NGOAI VA HOAT D O N G DOI NGOAI CUA DANG VA NHA Nl/OC VI$T NAM THdl KY 1975-1985 Tinh hinh the gidi va nucVc tr.8 l.Tinh hinh ihe gioi lr.8 Tinh hinh nuac tr.l3 II Chinh sach doi ngoai va hoat dong doi ngoai cua Dang va Nha nucyc Ihoiky 1975-1985 tr.17 Chfnh sach doi ngoai tr.17 Hoal dong doi ngoai cua Dang va Nha nuac thdi ky 1975-1985 tr.25 CHl/ONG II CHINH SACH DOI NGOAI DOI M O I VA HOAT DONG DOI NGOAI CUA DANG VA NHA NU()C THOI KY (1986-1995) I Sir chuyen bien cua tinh hinh the gioi va nude tr.42 Tmh hinh the giai tr.42 Tmh hinh nuac tr.4C II Dai hoi VI va chinh sach do! ngoai doi moi tr.49 1.Chinh sach doi ngoai miic lieu, phuang hu6ng hoat dong doi ngoai lr.49 J7' ^ Nhung qua bu6c dSu cua chinh sach doi ngoai Doi m6i (1986-1990) tr.66 Sir phat trien cua chinh sach doi ngoai doi m6i (1991-1995) tr.69 a Sif bien dong cua Lien Xo va cac nifc/c xa hoi ciiu nghTa Dong Au tr.69 /; Tinh hinh nii'crc, ' tr.74 c Su phat trien cua chinh sach doi ngoai ddi ino'i (1991-1995) tr.76 4.nianh tuu cua chfnh sach doi ngoai va hoat dong doi ngoai (1991-1995) tr.103 CHUONG HI CHINH SACH DOI N(;OAI VA HOAT DONCJ DOI NGOAI CUA DA^J(; VA NHA NUOC TH()I KY (1996-2000) I Nhung bien chuyen cua tinh hinh the gidi va nude giai doan 1996-2000 tr.ll5 Tmh hinh the giai tr 115 Tmh hinh nude tr 120 II Dang lanli dao qua trinh hoi nhap quoc te tr.l21 Qua lilnh hinh chu truong hoi nhap quoc te cua Dang cong san Viet Nam tr.l22 llianh tuu ciia chfnh sach doi ngoai va hoat dong quoc te cua Dang va Nha nude (1996-2000) tr,164 a Day manh h.oi nhap vdi cac nude Dong Nam A va Trung Quoc lang gi6ng tr.l64 h Phat trien manh me quan he hap tac toan dien vai Lien minh chau Au tr.l70 c Tang cudng hoi nhap vai cac nirac chau A - Thdi Binh Dirang tr 173 dJ-lgi nhap phat ivien kinh te fhiic day phat trien kinh te'doi ngoai tr.180 c Hoal dong ngogi giao da phicong cang phat trien tr 185 BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CUA QUA TRINH PHAT TRifiN CHINH SA( II DOI N(;OAI vA HOAT f)ON(i DOI NGOAI CUA (1975-2000) DANG VA NHA N U O C tr.l88 KitTLUAN lr.l93 Pliu luc tr.l99 Tai lieu (ham khao ti.208 Lai md dau Chfnh sach doi ngogi cua Ddng va Nha ni(ac la mgt bg phan hgp cua dudng loi chinh tri cua Ddng Chinh sach doi ngogi co tinh dgc lap twang doi nhung la tie'p tuc cua chinh sach doi ngi, nham phuc vu cho chinh sach doi ngi Viec xac dinh dung dan chinh sach doi ngogi cho phep Ddng va Nha nuac ta khai thac mot each co hieu qua nhat cac nhan to quoc te, thue hien viec ket hgp su'c mgnh dan tgc voi su'c mgnh cua thdi dgi Chinh sach ddi ngogi cua Ddng Cong san Viet Nam ddi tC( sau each mgng hang Jam nhdm hao ve chu qiiyen cua nudc Cong hoc) non tre va tiep tuc du'g'c phat trien, ho sung suot qua trinh nude ta vda tien hanh each mgng dan tgc dan chu vu'a tien hanh each mgng xa hoi chu nghTa Tu' nam 1975 den nam 2000, dot nude dgc lap thdng nhat cung di len chu nghTa \d hoi Day la giai dogn nudc la gap nhieu kho khan va thu thdch ddng thdi cung gidnh dugc nhieu tuu su nghiep xay dUng vd hao ve To quoc Tuy muc tieu, nhiem vu cu the cua tdng thdi ky nhat dinh, chinh sdch ddi ngogi vd hogt dgng ddi ngogi cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta da co nhung su dieu chinh cho phu hgp Sau nam 1975, cung vdi nhung kho khan ngi tai cua mat dal nudc sau chien tranh nudc ta gap nhuiig kho khan Idn khdc nhu My cam van, mot so nudc xa hoi chu nglua cat giam vien trg vd hai cugc chien tranh bien gidi phia bac vd tdy-nam Nlnlng kho khan ndy dd Idm cho kinh te - xa hoi nudc fa ngdy cdng Idm vdo mat khung hodng tram trgng Chinh sdch ddi ngogi vd hogt dgng ddi ngogi cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc thdi ky ndy nhdm khdc phuc nhung kho khan vd chuan bi dieu kien cho viec hinh thdnh chinh sdch ddi ngogi thdi ky ddi mdi tie'p sau Tit eudi nhung nam 1980, dudng tien len chu nghTa xa hoi d nudc ta cung nhu cd he thdng xd hoi chu nghTa deu dung trudc nhung thu thdch cue kv nghiem trgng Nhu'ng thu thdch dd chinh bdn than cdng cugc xdv dung chu nghTa xd hoi dgt ra, mat khdc cung su tien cong tu' ben ngodi cua cac the li/c chong elm nghia xa hoi dUa den Su khung hodng cua he thdng xd hoi chu nghTa d Lien Xd vd cac nude Dong AuU cuoi thgp ky 80 dau thap ky 90 dd bugc cac nudc xd hgi chu nghTa cdn lai phdi nghiem khdc rut nhiing bdi hgc de ton tai vd phat trien Trong nhieu vdn de cap thiet mang tinh todn cau dang dien don dap dudi dnh hudng cua each mgng khoa hgc - ky thuat lan thu ba dd Idm thay doi cac quan he qude te hien dgi Su ddi dau lich su dd chuyen dan sang ddi thogi giua cac nudc tren the gidi Cac nudc Idn du co tiem ndng ve tiem ndng ve chinh tri, kinh te, quan sUvd xd hgi mgnh de'n dau cung khong the thao tung cd nhan logi Trong cdc nUdc veil kem ve kinh te vu'a thoat khdi su no dich cua chu nghTa de quoc Igi vu'o'n len detu gidi phong minh bang phdt trien nen kinh te'ddt nu'dc Nhu vay, day Id thdi diem lich su de cdc Ddng, Nhd nudc, cdc to chue xd hgi phdi "tu V thue du'g'c nhung van de cua chinh minh"devu'an len Trudc nhung bien ddi phuc tgp cua tinh hinh nu'dc vd the gidi, ddi hdi Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta phdi tim tdi vd gidi quyet nhieu van de ly luan Cling nhu thu'c tien dd cd chinh sdch ddi ngogi Trong giai dogn ndy chinh sdch ddi ngogi dd co nhCfng dieu chinh rat Idn vd dugc ndng len d mot trinh mdi Bang nhgy cdm ve chinh tri vd kinh nghiem Idnh dgo each mgng, Ddng Cong sdii Viet Nam dd tien hdnh "tu ddi mdi" de hgi nhap vdi sU thay ddi cua tinh hinh the gidi Trudc het vd cai} bdn Id hgi nhap vdi khu vUc Dong Nam A vd chau A - Thdi Binh Duang, mat khu vuc day tinh ndng dgng vdo bd( nhat the gidi vd tT( dd vuan tdi hgi nhap vdi cd the gidi Tim hieu van de chinh sdch ddi ngogi vd hogt dgng ddi ngogi cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc Id cd mat vdn de Idn De tdi ndy khdng cd tham vgng gidi quyet mat each thoa ddng vdn de dgt mat thdi ky lich su ddi tfc nam 1945 md chi nhdm nghien cu'u mgt giai dogn ti( ndm 1975 den nam 2000 Theo chung toi day Id giai dogn chuyen tiep quan trgng, ddt nudc td chien tranh chuyen sang hod binh vd thue hien cong cugc ddi mdi thdnh cdng Chinh sdch ddi ngogi vd hogt dgng ddi ngogi cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc dd cung cd nhieu chuyen bien quan trgng Veeabdn, 10 ndm 1975-1985, chinh sdch ddi ngogi vd hogt dgng ddi ngogi cua Ddng vd Nhd nude cdn nhieu lung tung bdi chinh sdch ddi ngogi vd hogt dgng ddi ngogi tCtchd phuc vu mat ddt nUdc cd chien tranh sang phuc vu yeu cau cua ddt nudc hod binh xay dung dieu kien tinh hinh qude te vd cung phuc tgp Chi tit sau dgi hdi Ddng todn qude lan thu VI, chinh sdch ddi ngogi vd hogt dgng ddi ngogi mdi cd bude chuyen quan trgng ddng vai trd vd cung to Idn ddi vdi cdng cugc ddi mdi ddt nu'drc vd tinh hinh qude te vd khu vu'c dot Cung vi ly dd, bdn thao ndy se tap trung hon vdo viec gidi quyet cdc vdn de dgt vdo thdi kv tu' ndm 1986 de'n ndm 2000 Cung khudn khd de tdi thudc ve ITnh vu'c lich sU Ddng nen chung tdi chii veil tap trung gidi quyet vdn de tren phu'o'ng dien dudng ldi, chinh sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nUdc khdng chu trgng di sdii tim hieu lich su ddi ngogi Vdn de hogt ddng ddi ngogi Id sU thu'c hien dudng ldi ddi ngogi Trong phgm r/ de tdl ndy, chung tdi cilng chi neu len nhu'ng hogt dgng ddi ngogi chu ye'u nhdm minh hog cho vdn de thudc ve chinh sdch ngogi khdng di sou nghien cu'u lich su hogt dgng ddi ngogi Phuc vu cho viec nghien cuu de tdi ndy, chung tdi dd su dung nhiing ngudn tu lieu sau: Cdc Vdn kien Ddng; cdc vdn bdn cua Nhd nu'dc ve chinh sdch ddi ngogi; mgt sd bdi viet bdi ndi cua cdc nhd Idnh dgo Ddng vd Nhd nu'dc; nhu'ng bdi vie't cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ndi ve ngogi giao; mot sd cudn sdch vie't ve lich su ngogi giao Viet Nam nhu "Ndm mitai ndm ngogi giao Viet Nam ", Tap I vd tap II, "Lich su ngogi giao Viet Nam 19452000"; Mgt sd sdch da cdng bd cua cdc nhd nghien cu'u ve lich su ddi ngogi; Mdt sd tgp chi nhuTgp chi Nghien cu'u Kinh te; Tgp chi Thdng tin ly luan; Tgp chi Cong sdn; Tgp chi Quan he Qude te; Bdo Nhdn ddn; Bao Qude te; Bdn tin Thdng tdn xd Viet Nam Bdn thdo se cd ddng gdp vdo viec gidng dgy chuyen de cho sinh vien Khoa Lich su vd lam tdi lieu tham khao cho viec nghien cuu ve vdn de dudng ldi, chinh sdch ddi ngogi cua Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam vd Nhd nu'dc nu'drc Cong hod xd hgi chu 7ighTa Viet Nam Mac du dd cd nhieu cd gang viec sii'u tdm vd he thdng vdn de nghien cu'u nhu'ng giai dogn nghien cu'u cdn qud mdi, nhieu ngudn tU lieu cua Dang vd Nhd tucdc chua cho phep cdng bd nen chung tdi chua cd the gidi quyet vdn de dgt mot edeh thod ddng, mot sd vdn de mdi chi ddt md chua cd dieu kien gidi quyet Vi nhiing ly tren, bdn thdo chdc chan cdn nhieu thieu sot, rdt mong dugc su gdp y cua ddng nghiep de chung tdi tie'p tuc sua chila vd ndng cao chdt lu'g'ng bdn thdo thdi gian tdi Xin trail trgng c \'icl Nam 1945 - 1995, tap II ir I - 13 11 Tran Quang Ca: Chuan bj cho thien nien ky mai Tuan bao Quoc te 8616,4/1995 12 Tru5ng Chinh: Doi mai la doi hoi biic thiet ciia dat nu6c va ciia thai dai NXB Su that Ha Ngi 1987 13 Cong hoa xa hgi chii nghla Viet Nam: Luat Dau tu nu6c ngoai tai Viet Nam NXB Phap ly Ha Ngi 1989 14 Cong bao nuac Cong boa xa hgi chii nghla Viet Nam, nam 1991 15 Cong bao nuac Cong hoa xa hgi chii nghTa Viet Nam, nam 1993 16 Cong bao nu6c Cong hoa xa hgi chu nghla Viet Nam, nam 1994 17 16.Cong bao nuac Cong hoa xa hgi chii nghia Viet Nam, nam 1995 18 17.Cong bao nuac Cong boa xa hgi chu nghTa Viet Nam, nam 1996 19 18 Cong bao nuac Cong boa xa hgi chu nghTa Viet Nam, nam 1997 20 Cong bcio nuac Cong hoa xa hoi chii nehTa Viet Nam, nam 1998 21 Cong bao nuac Cong hoa xa hoi chii nghla Viet Nam, nam 1999 22 Cong bao nuac Cong hoa xa hoi chii nghia Viet Nam, nam 2000 23 Le Duan: Tinh hinh the giai va nhiem vu quoc te ciia Dang ta NXB Suthat Ha Noi 1975 24 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan Ihii V Tap III NXB Su that Ha Noi 1982 25 Dang Cong san Viet Nam Ban Chap hanh Trung uong: Nghi quyet ciia Bo Chfnh tri ve tinh hinh the giai va chinh sach doi ngoai cua Dang va Nha nuac ta So 32 8-7-1986 Ban danh may 100 37 Vu Hien The' giai sau Lien Xo sup Tap chi Cong san 4/1992 38 Hien phap Viet Nam (nam 1946, 1959, 1980 va 1992), CTQG Ha Noi 1995 39 Hanh Hien Hoi nghi ngoai vu lan thu Tuan bao Quoc te So 50 12/1994 40 Hoc Vien Nguyen Ai Quoc: Dai hoi VI va viec ma rong quan he kinh te'doi ngoai Luu hanh hoc vien Ha Noi 1987 41 Hoc vien Nguyen Ai Quoc (Giao trinh - phan thu 7): Mot so van de quoc te va duang loi doi ngoai ciia Dang va Nha nuac Luu hanh noi bo Ha Noi 1993 42 Ho Chi Minh Toan tap, Tap Nxb CTQG, Ha Noi, i 43 Hoi thao Viet Nam - Indonexia vl hoa blnh on dinh va hCiu nghi a ao Dong Nam A NXB Su that Ha Noi 1984 44 Hgp tac giCra Lien Xo va Viet Nam tai nam 2000 Tap chf Giao due ly luan, thang 7/1986 45 Nguyen Quoc Hiing: Lich sii the giai va viec chiing ta muon lam ban vai ta't ca cac nu6c Nghien ciiu lich su So 5-1991 46 v a Khoan: Viet Nam va ASEAN Tap chi Cong san 2/1994 47 Vu Khoan: Thanh tuu nam 1995 va nhiing co hoi, thach thiic nam tai Dac san Tuan bao Quoc te" 1996 48 Vo Van Kiet: Duong loi ngoai giao thai ky Doi mai.Tuan bao Quoc te Sd 1/1994 49 Nguyen Anh Lan (Chii bien): Chien luge "dien bien hoa blnh" ciia de quoc My va cac the luc phan dgng quoc le chong chii nghTa xa \oZ hgi va cho'ng Viet Nam xa hgi chii nghla Luu hanh ngi bg Tong cue II Bg Quoc Phong, 6/1993 50 V.I Le nin: Toan tap Tap 36 NXB Tien bg Matxcava 1978 51 V.I Le nin: Toan tap Tap 43 NXB Tien bg Matxcava 1978 .52 Dinh Nho Liem: Viet Nam xu the chung ciia Chau A - Thai Blnh Duong Tap chf Cong san 3/1992 53 Luu Van Lgi: Viet Nam-Quoc gia Thai Binh Duong Tufin bao Quo'cte S6 8, 3-1995 54 Luu Van Lgi: Nam muoi nam ngoai giao Viet Nam 1945-1995 Tap I Ngoai giao Viet Nam 1945-1975 NXB Cong an nhan dan Ha Ngi 1996 55 Luu Van Lgi: Nam muoi nam ngoai giao Viet Nam 1945-1995 Tap II (1975-1995) NXB Cong an nhan dan Ha Ngi, 1998 56 Ngoai giao Viet Nam 1945-2000, Nxb CTQG, Ha Ngi, 2002 57 Pham Xuan Nam: Hoat dgng ngoai giao ciia Chii tich H6 Chf Minh sau Tuyen ngon dgc lap Nghien ciiu lich su So' 5-1990 58 Phan Doan ~Nam: The giai nam 1991 Tap chf Cong san, thang 1/1991 59 Thu Nga: Tinh hinh Campuchia va trien vgng Dong Nam A Tap chf cong san 11/1989 60 Trung Nguyen: "Viet Nam da to ro kha nang doi mat vdi nhung kho khan cue ky to Ion" QHQT So 31, 5/1992 61 Ton NuThi Ninh: Lien hiep quoc - cache da phuang cue dien moi QHQT So 9-1991 to^ 62 Mgt sd hoat ddng ddi ngoai 95 Tuan bao Qud'c te Dac san 1996 63 Sd lieu thdng ke ve tinh hinh phat trien kinh te va van hoa nudc ngoai 1950-1972 Tong cue Thdng ke Ha Ndi 1973 64 Nguyen Hdng Phiic: Quan he Viet My-mdt chuang mdi Tuan bao Qudcte.Sd 37 8/1995 65 Robert Elegent: Van menh Thai Blnh Duong ngi canh Chau A Sach tham khao NXB CTQG Ha Ndi 1994 66 Hoang Bfch San: Suy nghi bude dau ve: mdt sd bai hgc kinh nghiem tii' tinh hinh that bai ciia cac Dang cdng san Cong nhan d Dong Au De cuang Hgc vien Nguyen Ai Quoc Ha Ndi 1991 67 Tap chf Cdng san thang 11- 1987 68 Tap chf Thdng tin khoa hoc xa hgi Sd 1- 1995 69 Tap chf Thdng tin khoa hgc xa hgi Sd 5- 1995 70 Tai lieu tham khao Thdng tan xa Viet Nam: Tlie gidi vie't ve su ddi mdi kinh ted Viet Nam Ha Ndi Sd 12- 1990 71 Luu Ha Tan: Chiing ta dang sdng the gidi nao Tuan bao Qud'c te Sd20 5- 1994 72 Hong Thai: Vai net ve quan he giiia Viet Nam va cac nu6c Dong Nam A lich sii Nghien cuu lich su So 3- 1986 73 Hong Thanh: Viet Nam-Dong Nam A vung buac di vao tuang lai Tuan bao Quoc te So Thang 1-1996 74 Nguyen Ca Thach: Nhiing van de ca ban ciia chfnh sach doi ngoai cua Cong hoa xa hgi chii nghTa Viet Nam QHQT So 1-1989 75 Thong tan xa Viet Nam: Tai lieu tham khao dac biet 5-1999 ?04 76 Thdi cugc hien va nhiem vu ciia chiing ta (Bao cao cua Bd Chinh tri ddng ehi Tong Bf thu Dd Mudi trinh bay tai Hdi nghi Trung uang Ba (Khoa VII) 18-6-1992) Hgi nghi lan thii Ba Ban Chap hanh Trung uong (Khoa VII) Sd 64 - TLHN Ban in Tipd 77 Vu Son Thuy: Sau nam va trudc 10 nam Tuan bao Qud'c te Sd 4-7 12-1995 78 Nguyen Phii Trgng: Vi Lien Xd Tan Tap chi Cdng san 41992 79 Huyen Truong: Thii nhin lai chang dudng ngoai giao Viet Nam tir nam 1975 Tuan bao Qude te tii 28-4 den 4/5/1994 80 Song Tiing: Vi chii nghla xa hdi hien thuc d Ddng Au va Lien Xd sup dd Tap chf Cong san Sd 2-1994 81 Nguyen Trung: ASEAN va Viet Nam Tuan bao Qude te Sd 19 51994 82 Tuan bao Qude te Sd 31 -1945 83 Nguyen Nggc Trudng: Chfnh sach da dang hoa Tuan bao Qud'c te Sd 19.5-1994 84 U Bdc-Set: Tam giac Trung Qud'c - Campuchia -Viet Nam Thdng tinly luan HaNdi 1986 85 Vai trd khdng the thieu tren the gidi Bai phat bieu eiia Thii tudng Ngoai giao Tran Quang Co tai Hdi nghi Ngoai trudng cac nudc khdng lidn kel - ACCRA, 2-7/9/1991) QHQT Sd 9-1981 86 Vien quan ly kinh te Trung uang: Doi mdi kinh te d Viet Nam Vien quan ly Trung uang Ha Ndi 12-1994 2^05 87 Vien Khoa hge xa hdi Viet Nam Vien Ddng Nam A: Hoa hgp dan tdc d Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia su nghiep giai phdng dan tdc, tie'n bd xa hdi va an ninh khu vuc NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi Ha Ndi 1991 88 Vien Khoa hge xa hdi Viet Nam-Vien Sii hgc: Viet Nam 1975-1995 tuu va bai hge kinh nghiem NXB Suthat Ha Ndi 1991 89 Vien Quan he qude te - Bd Ngoai giao: Chii tich Hd Chf Minh vdi cdng tac ngoai giao NXB Su that Ha Ndi 1990 90 Vien Mac-Le nin (True thudc ban chap hanh Trung uong): Su hgp tac qud'c te^giila Dang cong san Lien Xd va Dang cong san Viet Nam Nguyen Van Vinh va A G Egdrdp NXB Su that Ha Ndi 1987 9L Viel Nam-Lien Xd, 30 nam quan he NXB Bd Ngoai giao Ha Noi 1983 92 Pham Xuyen: Phong trao giai phdng dan tdc vdi dudng xa hdi chii nghla NXB Su that Ha Ndi 1986 File/van/sgk loG PHU Lgc Phu luc L Trong cugc dau tranh chong My, cuu nu6c, chung ta da biet ket hgp sue manh cua thai dai de chien thdng de quoc My Ngay nay, chung ta cang CO kha nang va cang phai ket hgp sue manh cua dan tgc va sue manh thai dai de giai quyet nhirng nhiem vu rat to lan la xay dung chii nghTa xa hgi va bao ve To quoc Ciing vai thdng lgi cua ba dong thac each mang va luc lugng hoa binh tren the giai, cugc dau tranh kien cuang va tbSng lgi ciia nhan dan ba nuac Dong Duang va nhiing that bai to 16n ciia chii nghTa ba quyen Bdc Kinh va bgn phan dgng a Dong Nam A dang ma nhirng kha nang m6i cho phep chiing ta chii dgng chuyen sang mgt giai doan dau tranh mdi du6i hinh thuc cung ton tai hoa binh giiia ba nuac Dong Duang v6i Trung Quoc, vai cac nuac ASEAN, vai de quoc My, xay dung Dong Nam A mgt khu vuc boa blnh 6n djnh va'Tigp tac, tao dieu kien quoc te thuan lgi cho viec xay dung chii nghTa xa hgi va bao ve Td quoc Cugc dau tranh giai doan m6i CO nhieu phuc tap, nhung cung co nhieu thuan lgi ca ban Hien nay, the' va luc ciia ba nuac da khae hdn so vai liic ba nu6c dau tranh chong My Cach mang Campuchia da kiem soat dat nuac Campuchia va co ch6 dua vung chdc la Viet Nam, Lao Neu tach rieng thi each mang Campuchia co nhieu mat yeu, nhung neu dat vao the chung ciia ba nu6c, gdn bo chat che vai Lien Xo va dat chien luge chung cua each mang tren the gi6i thi each mang ba nuac vao the manh va vung chdc Tuy nhien su nghiep each mang Campuchia phai nhan dan Campuchia quyet dinh Viec ta phoi hgp chat che vai ban Campuchia nhdm chu dgng giai quyet hoa blnh van de Campuchia va Dong Nam A la phij hgp vai xu the chung tren the giai va a Dong Nam A Lien Xo, ch6 dua vung chdc ciia ba ^^7 nu6c, dang kien quye't thuc hien muc tieu chien luge la kien quyet bao ve hoa blnh va thuc hien chinh sach cijng ton tai hoa blnh de tap trung sure luc tang gap doi san xuat vat chat 15 nam t6i My, phuang Tay, cac nu6c ASEAN deu muon mgt the can bdng chien luge a Dong Nam A phuc vu lgi ich rieng ciia m6i nu6c 508 Phu luc Lien minh Chau Au (EU) - Thanh lap tu nam 1951, tinh den nam 1995: c6 dien tich 333.700 kilomet vuong, dan so 648, trieu nguai, GDP khoang 6475 ty dola Vai Hiep u6c Madstrich (Ha Lan) da lap Lien minh Chau Au (EU) va du kien den nhung nam cuoi thap ky 90 se tu lien minh kinh te Hen minh chinh tri Chii truang ciia EU thuc hien mgt chinh sach doi ngoai va an ninh chung de tien tai co chinh sach phong thii chung, tang cu5ng hgp tac ve canh sat khu vuc cung nhu doi vai ngoai khu vuc - Vai net ve quan he hgp tac kinh te va ngoai giao vai Viet Nam: + ve kinh te, ky thuat: Cuoi nam 1990, EC (Cong dong chau Au) da vien trg cho Viet Nam trieu dola de giilp da viec dua cong nhan Viet Nam tai Irdc tro ve nu6c (do chien tranh viing Vinh); EU da dong gop 40 trieu dola cho chuang trinh tai hoi huang nguai di tan; nam 1992, hai ben Viet Nam EU da ky Hiep dinh det - may thai ban nam; thang 11-1992, hai ben lai ky hiep uac vien trg ky thuat cho Viet Nam tri gia 16 trieu dola, giiip cho hang muc cong trinh kiem toan, ke toan, ngan hang, bao hiem va quan ly y te Nam 1994, gia tri kim ngach xuat, nhap khdu hai ben len tai mgt ty dola (trong hang det may ciia Viet Nam dat 280 trieu dola); tinh den bet nam 1995 da CO 11/15 nuo'c vien ciia EU co du an dau tu vao Viet Nam vai 140 du an da dugc cap giay phep vai tong so von ty dola chiem 12% von ddu tu nuac ngoai tai Viet Nam + Quan he ngoai giao: Thang 11-1990, Viet Nam - EU thiet lap quan he ngoai giao chinh thuc va den thang 7-1995, hai ben da ky Hiep dinh khung Viet Nam - E O Ngi dung chii yeu cua Hiep dinh: Bao dam cac dieu kien, khuyen khfch gia tang va phat trien dau tu thuang mai hai chieu Vict 203 Nam - EU; giup Viet Nam ca cau lai nen kinh te chuyen sang kinh te thi trudng de sii dung cac nguon tai nguyen thien nhien, xoa doi giam ngheo a Viet Nam Hiep dinh gianh cho Viet Nam toi hue quoc ve thuang mai va thue'quan 210 Phu luc Tir co LuarDau tu nuac ngoai tai Viet Nam den nam 1992, da co 40 cong ty nu6c ngoai dau tu vao Viet Nam v6i 550 du an, tong so von dau tu la 4,6 ty dola (nhung vondau tu true tiep m6i dat 1,1 ty dola) Ta da phat hien 20 vu an 16n liia dao kinh te ITnh vuc kinh doanh dau tu vai nu6c ngoai, c6 vu lan nhu: Cong ty Bando (Nhat Ban) Nguyen Nggc Thuan dai dien kinh doanh trai phep dua vao Viet Nam v6i so hang 111.000 dola -h 806 trieu dong Viet Nam; Cong ty Someo (My) Luu Hiing San lij:a dao khong toan cho Xi nghiep dien anh va bang til 40.000 dola; Cong ty STM (Cong boa Lien bang Due) liia dao mgt so cong ty Viet Nam 30.000 dola va trieu dong Viet Nam Nam 1992 ta da phat hien va xu ly 50.000 vu buon lau trai phep thu giu hang tri gia 120 ty dong Til nam 1990-1992, ta cung phat hien 167 vu luu hanh bac gia Viet Nam, vu dola gia, vu nhan dan te gia 2>11 Phu luc "Hgp dong xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao" (viet tdt tieng Anh la BOT), la van ban ky ke't giua ca quan Nha nuac co tham quyen ciia Viet Nam va Nha dau tu nuac ngoai de xay dung cong trinh ket cau tang (ke ca ma rgng, nang cap, hien dai boa cong trinh) va kinh doanh mgt thai gian nhat dinh de thu hoi von dau tu va lgi nhuan hgp ly ''Hgp dong xay dung - chuyen giao - kinh doanh" (viet tdt tieng Anh la BTO) cung la van ban ky ket giua bai ca quan noi tren Sau xay dung xong, Nha dau tu nuac ngoai chuyen giao cong trinh cho Nha nuac Viet Nam, Chinh phii Viet Nam danh cho Nha dau tu nu6c ngoai quyen kinh doanh cong Irlnh mgt thai gian de' thu hoi von va lgi nhuan hgp ly "Hgp dong xay dung - chuyen giao" (viet tat ticng Anh la BT), hT van ban ky ket giu'a hai ca quan noi tren Sau xay dung xong, Nha dau tu nuac ngoai chuyen giao cong trinh cho Nha nuac Viet Nam, Chmh phii Viet Nam tao dieu kien cho Nha dau tu nuac ngoai thuc hien du an khae dc Ihu hoi von dau tu va lgi nhuan hgp ly C6ngbiios6 29.20-io-i99S n i69s-i707 2-U Phu luc Ngay 13-6-1992, Ban Bi thu Trung uang Dang (Khoa VII) da Chi thi so 11 -CT/TW ve d6i m6i cong tac thong tin doi ngoai, dinh huang chi dao boat dgng thong tin doi ngoai ciia ta su nghiep xay dung va bao ve To quoc Thang 6-1998,^Hgi nghj tong ket Chi thi so ll-CTyTU cac nganh cac cap da CO nhieu boat dgng tich cue tren ITnh vuc thong tin doi ngoai, dat dugc nhieu ket qua kha quan Ngay 29-12-1998, Thuang vu Bg Chinh tri lai Thong bao so 188/TB-TLr ve cong tac thong tin doi ngoai tinh blnh moi Thong tin doi ngoai la mot bg phan rat quan trgng ciia cong tac doi ngoai cua Dang, Nha nuac ta nhdm lam cho cac nuac, nguai nuac ngoai (bao gom Cci nguai nuac ngoai dang sinh song va lam viec tai Viet Nam), nguai Viel Nam dang sinh song va hTm viec tai nuac ngoai hieu ve dat nuac, ngudi Viet Nam, dudng ldi, ehu truong ehfnh sach va tuu doi mdi eiia ta, tren eo sd dd tranh thu su ung hd cua nhan dan the gidi, su ddng gdp eua cong ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai cho su nghiep xay dung va bao vc Td qud'c Chi thi danh gia: "Nhin chung, nhu'ng nam qua cdng tac Ihdng tin ddi ngoai da tien hanh cd nhung dinh hudng, tap trung vao nhiing nhiem vu irgng tam Bude dau Nha nudc da danh ngan sach thich dang cho cac hoal dgng va dich vu thdng tin ddi ngoai, doi mdi va cang hien dai hoa he thdng thdng tin vien thdng va ket ndi mang Internet toan cau, tao didu ivien cap nhat thdng tin ve Viet Nam den mgi noi tren the gidi Ddi ngu lam cdntz lac thdng tin ddi ngoai dugc tang cudng Co sd vat chat ky thuat dugc trang hi them Nhan thuc cua cac nganh, cac cap, cac dia phuong ve cdng tac ihdnR tin ddi ngoai cd mdt bude chuyen bien mdi Tuy nhien, qua trinh doi mdi dat nudc, cdng tac thdng tin ddi ngoai chua dap ung dugc yeu cau ca tinh hinh mdi cdn bdc Id nhi6u yeu kem 20 Bd Chinh tri nhan dinh "Chat lugng, hieu qua, tfnh thuyet phuc, mirc hap dan va tfnh chien dau chua cao Ddi ngQ can bd linh vue cdn thieu va chua dgng deu ca ve nang luc va trinh do, chua nhan thue day du va sau s k tam quan trgng cua thdng tin ddi ngoai toan bd cdng tac ddi ngoai ciia Dang va Nha nudc ta Viec xac dinh trach nhiem ciia tung nganh, tiing cap chi dao, to chu-c, thuc hien cong tac thong tin ddi ngoai cd nhieu mat chua rd, cho nen quan ly va phdi hgp cac luc lugng nude cung nhu trie'n khai d nudc ngoai cdji lung tung Dau tu phan tan, thieu ddng bg, kem hieu qua Su nghiep ddi mdi, day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc Vl muc tieu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bang van minh la mdt su nghiep lau dai, ddi hdi toan dang, loan dan, toan quan ta phat huy sang tao, linh than tu luc, tu cudng, ket hop cd hieu qua nhung ngudn luc, tidm nang ben la chinh vdi nhung ngudn luc ben ngoai ma qua trinh hgp lac mang lai Phuong cham ciia cong tac thdng tin ddi ngoai la trien khai toan dicn, rgng khap, song co trgng tam, trgng diem, truac het la doi vai cac nuac lang gieng va khu vuc, cong dong nguai Viet Nam a nu6c ngoai, uu tien cung cap thong tin diing djnh huang cho nguai nuac ngoai den Viet Nam sinh song, lam viec, du lich, hgc tap va cac nha Viet Nam hgc tren the giai Phoi hgp nhieu luc lugng t6ng hgp tham gia cong tac thong tin doi ngoai: Giu'a cac luc lugng chuyen trach nong cot vai cac ca quan dai dien ciia ta a nuac ngoai, cac doan nu6c ngoai, ngudi Viet Nam sinh song va lam viec a nuac ngoai, cung nhu ban be quoc te; giua thong tin doi ngoai vai thong tin doi ngi; giua boat dgng thong tin doi ngoai v6i hoat dgng chinh tri, kinh te, van hoci doi ngoai; giua ngoai giao Nha nuac vai doi ngoai Dang, doi ngoai giao nhan dan; giua cac ca quan TW cac dia phuang; Giua cac ca quan nha nuac v6i cac doanh nghiep Ngi dung chii yeu cua cong tdc thong tin ddi ngogi: Pho bien rgng rai duang loi, chfnh sach ciia Dang va Nha nuac ta, 2-1^ nhiing chii truang quan trgng tren mgi ITnh vuc: chinh tri, kinh te, van boa, xa hgi, an ninh, quoc phong bac bo nhung thong tin sai lech, xuyen tac ve Viet Nam Du5ng loi chinh sach doi ngoai, bao gom ca chfnh sach kinh te doi ngoai; chii truang nhat quan Viet Nam "sSn sang la ban ciia tat ca cac nudc cong dong quoc te, phan dau vl boa blnh, dgc lap va phat trien"; yeu cau va tiem nang cua Viet Nam quan he hgp tac vai cac nu6c tren nguyen tdc ciing co lgi, ton trgng dgc lap, chii quyen va quyen tu quyet ciia Gi6i thieu dat nuac - ngu5i, lich sii va nen van boa lau ddi, phong phu, da dang, dam da ban sac dan tgc Viet Nam (Thong bao ciia Thudng vu Bg Chfnh tri so ISSATB - TW, 29 - 12 1998 ve cong tac thong tin doi ngoai) 2^^