HQC VIEN CHINH TR!QUOC GIA HO CHI MINH TONG QUAN KHOA HQC DE TAI CAP BQ NAM 2006 BAO DAM QUYEN CUA NG U€f I TIEU DUNG TRONG NEN KINH TE THI TR G DJNH HUNG HOI II NTSC TA HI(EN NAY Cc quan chit tri VIE[.]
HQC VIEN CHINH TR!QUOC GIA HO CHI MINH TONG QUAN KHOA HQC DE TAI CAP BQ NAM 2006 BAO DAM QUYEN CUA NG U€f I TIEU DUNG TRONG NEN KINH TE THI TR G DJNH HUNG HOI II NTSC TA HI(EN NAY Cc quan chit tri: VIEN NGHIEN C’DU QUVEN CON NGAoI Chis nhi(m De tai: Thu kj De t:ii: 4“S TU’ONG llUv lclEN ThS TRAN TH !HOE DANH SACH THANM VIEN THAM GIA DE TAI CHU NHIEM DE TAI: TS TIIIING DUY KIEN THE KY DE TAI: THS TIN TH!HOE ThS Nguyen Th} B:to CN Pham Phucmg Dong TS Vii Hiing ThS Hoéng Hung H:ii ThS Nguyen Thanh Hai ThS Hoang Mai Huong CN Chu Thuy' Hang CN Tran Thi Hong Hanh ThS Lé Thi Hfing Phuc 10.TS Nguyen Duy Son I 1.ThS Do Thi Thom Vi(n NC Quyén nguoi Vi(n NC Quyén nguoi Vi(n NC Quyén nguoi Vi(n NC Quyén ngu‹ i Vi(n NC Quyén ngucii Vi(n NC Quyén nguoi Vi(n NC Quyén nguoi Vi(n NC Quyén nguoi Vi(n NC Quyén ngucii Vi(n NC Quyén ngu‹ii Vi(n NC Quyén ngu’ci’i CONG TAC TS Dinh Thi My Loan Cuc Qu:in ly canh tranhBo Thuong Mar ThS Tran Van Thang Hpc vi(n CTQG Ho Chi Minh DANH MUC CAC CH’U VIET TAT Bfio v( nguiii tiéu diing : Béo v( quyén lpi ngiréi tiéu diing: Cut Qufin ly cpnh tranh C9c QLCT Lién H9p Quite LHQ Ngiriri tiéu d iing : NTD Phii p l(nh bfio v( quyln l9i ngiriii tiéu dii ng: PLBVQLNTD Tfi ch frc Thwong mii thé giéi: WTO Sir TM & DL Sir Thiro'ng mii vii Du l(ch Tfi chfrc Qufic té vé ngiriri tie‘u d iing Xli hoi chfi nghia: BVNTD BVQLNTD CI XHCN A MW DAU - Tinh cap thiet cua viec nghien cuu de tai Tinh hinh nghién cini de tai Muc tiéu v:i php vi nghién ciiu cua de tai 4 Ca so ly luan va phuong ph:ip nghién ciiii Qu:i trinh to chirc trien khai de tai N(oi dung nghién erm B KET QUA NGHIEN CN DE TAI Ph an th ii: nhét.- Kh:i i ni(m va thyc tién qutic te ho9t do( ng trén linh vide bd o dfim quyén cfia nguiri tiéu d iing I Kh:ii nem, not dung c:ie quyén cua ngu’ci i tiéu dung 8 II Phong tr:to quoc té, hoat dong bao dém quyén cua nguoi tiéu dung khufin kho lien h pp qufic v:i kinh nghi(m mot so quite gia trén the giéri 19 Phiin th hat.- Thiyc tr9ng bfio dfim quyén cfia ng iriri tiéu dii ng fr nwérc ta hi(n 34 I Thuc trang chinh s:ich, ph:ip luat va hoat do( ng b:to d:inn quyén cua nguoi tiéu dung o nuérc ta tit nam 1992 den 34 II Nhfmg han ché cc biin lién quan den b:to d:inn quyén cua ngu’‹ii tiéu ding o nuoc ta 49 Phé n th ba.- Quan diém va c:ic gi:ii ph:i p cn b:in b:to d:inn 59 quyén ciia ngiiiii tiéu diing nen kinh té th( trilling di'nh hiring XHCN ’ nuiic ta hi(n I Quan diém cci bén béo dém quyén ciia nguoi tiéu diing ci nuéc ta hién 59 II C:1c giéi phiip cci bén 67 C KET LU,AN 87 DANH M C TAI LI,EU THAM KHAO 92 A MW DAU Tinh c p thiét ciia vi(c nghién erm de tai B:to d:inn quyén ciia nguoi tiéu dung la mot nhfmg nhi(m vu quan trpng cua tat c:i c:ic quoc gia trén the gicii dac bi(t 1:i doi voi c:ic quoc gia dang ph:it trién © Vi(t Nam, b:to v( quyén cua nguoi tiéu dung I:i mot nhfmg van de fan khfing chi ve maj t ly luan in:i cfi n co tinh th’‹i‘i su cap b:ich da)t nén kinh té thi truéing dinh huéng XHCN, nhat la nuoc ta da tro th:inh th:inh vién ciia To chuc Thuong mai the g’icii (WTO) Tir thqc hi(n duéing loi Doi v éi (1986) den nay, van de b:to v( quyén vé lpi ich ciia nguoi tiéu diing dupe D:ing v:i Nh:i nuoc ta dac bi(t quan tain Diéu n:iy khfing chi dupc the hi(n c:ic van kien cua Diing in:i dupe cu the ho:i Hién ph:ip v:i nhiéu van biin ph:ip luat kh:ic Diéu 28 Hién ph:ip 1992 guy d|nh: “Mpi hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh bat lipp phcip, mpi hcinh vi phci hoqi nén kinh té quoc dcin thin i/ifé/ hat d'éu I ft ich cha nha nv rc, quyén va loi ich cha tcip thé va cua cong dan déu b[ xé Iy' nghiém iniiih theo phap tacit Nha nircrc co chinh scich béo ho quyén let cha ngiiéi san xu t vet ngv©i tiéu d’ung” Cu the ho:i guy d|nh cua Hién ph:ip 1992, rig:iy 27 th:ing nam 1999, Uy ban Thu g vp Quoc hoi da ban h:inh Ph:ip l(nh b:to ve quye’n nguoi tiéu diing Diéu cua Ph:ip l(nh guy d]nh ro: “Bao vé quyén va lpi ich hpp phcip cha ngiiéi tiéu diing ID tr‹ich nhiem chung cha toan xa hoi Co quan nha niri’c, tc› chvc kinh té, to chiic chinh tr[, to chic chinh tr[xii hoi, to chic xé hoi, to chiic xé hoi nghé nghiép, don v[ vii trang nh‹1n dan va mpi cci nhan co trach nhiém thij:c hién cac quy dJtlh cua plicip lénh va ccic ]1t) d[nh khac cha phap Inert co lién quan vé bao ve: quyén l‹ i cua ngvc i tiéu diing Uj ban Mat tran To quoc Viét Nam va ccic to chiic thcinh vién cha incit tran phcim vi nhic:in vu, quyén han ciia ininh co trcich nhiém t uyén truyén, giao due, dong vién dan tham gia ccic hoat dong bao ve: quyén lpi ngv©i tiéu diing vé thi hanh phcip Inert vé bcio vé quyén lpi ngvcti tiéu dung” Ben c h do, van de b:to v( quyén lp’i ngucii tiéu diing dupc be cap o c:ie muc kh:ic tar c:ie van b:in guy pham ph:ip lu a( t nhu: Bo luat Dfin sir (2005), Bo 1ua(t Hinh su (2000), Luat Thueng mai (2005), Lu(at CQ tranh (2004), Luat Tiéu chuan va Quy chuan ky thuat (2006), Luat B:to v moi truong siia doi (2005), Ph:ip l(nh Chat l irpng s:in pham (1999), Ph:ip l(nh VQ sinh an toan thuc pham (2003), Ph:ip l(nh Quéng c:to (2001), v.v Tuy nhién, thuc té nhfmg nam qua cho thay o niioc ta ca ché chinh s:ich v:i h( thong ph:ip luat hi(n h:inh lien quan den bao v( ngu’ci i tiéu diing chua dii in de b:to v( quyén lcii cua nguoi tiéu diing Ci nhiéu not, quyén ciia ngu’ci i tiéu dung b] vi pham nhiéu Hi(n tunng hang ho:i chat luong, sai mau mE, thiéu thong tin, lima doi kh:ich hang, hang ho:i, dich vu thiéu dfi an toan, dac bi(t doi véri hang ho:i d]ch vu thiét yeu va hang ho:i, dich vu co anh huéng Hi siic khoé ngufii, van dien thuéng xuyen, co liic, co not dién bien, lam thiet hai nghiem cho ngufii tiéu diing mé chua cé› cc ché him hi(u de b:to v‹: Truéc yéu cau ciia vi c d:iy manh s:in xu:it h:ing ho:i, canh tranh theo cc ché thi triré ng d(inh huéing XHCN, da)c bi(t xu the hoi nhap quoc té nhat I:i Vi(t Nam tro thénh thénh vién cua WTO, van de cap b:ich dat hi(n la quyen lp’i ciia ngucii tiéu dung phai dupe bao dém Diéu dé› khfing chi dép ring theo tiéu chuan chung cua quoc té, in:i xuat ph:it tir bén chfit va muc tiéu ciia ché XHCN, ché vi nguoi, vi quyen vé l pi ich hpp phép ciia cfing dan Chinh vi vay, vi(c trién khai nghién ciru de tiii 2 Tinh hinh nghién ’u de Hi © nuoc ta b:to dam quyén cua nguéii tiéu dung m‹ii 6ncic dat th’ci i ky doi mcii, da)c bi(t sau ban h nh Hién ph:ip nam 1992 Voi b Hiéu ph:ip nay, 1én dan tién quyén ciia nguoi tiéu dung dupe guy dinh Hiéu ph:ip, I:i: “Nh:i nu‹ic co chinh s:ich b:to ho( quyén ici’i cua nguoi sén xuat va nguoi tieu diing” Tiép sau dfi, Uy ban Thuéing vu Quoc hoi ban hénh Ph:ip l(nh bao v( quyén 1ci’i cua ngucii tiéu dung nam 1999 Qua nghién ciru, chung tiii thay, vfin de quyén ciia ngucii tiéu dung khéing chi dimg lai o c:ie van b:in, c:ie guy pham ph:ip luat in:i trén th;rc té, quyén ciia ngu’ei tiéu diing dupe rat nhiéu nha nghién erm quan tain Nhiéu cong trinh khoa hpc nghién ciru ve van de n:iy da dupc cfing bo nhu: “Tim hiéu luat bao v( ngu’ci’i tiéu dimg c:ic nuoc v:i v de b:to v( ngucii tiéu diing ci Vi(t Nam” Vi(n Nghién ciiu Nhé nuéc v:i ph:ip 1ua(t thuoc Vi(n Khoa hoc x5 hoi Vi(t Nam an hanh; cuon “Nghién ciru ngucri tiéu dung, nhfmg van de ve vi(c b:to v( quyén lpi ciia nguoi tiéu dting o Vi(t Nam” cua t:ic gié Doan Van Tracing, Nhé xuat b:in Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, xu:it b:in nam 2003 C:ie t:ie phfim néu trén chin yéu gicii thi(u lua(t ve b:to v( quyén lpi cua ngucii tiéu dung cua mot so nuéc trén the gioi (t:ic pham cua Vi(n Nghién erm Nhé nuéic vi ph:ip luat); nghién ciru gicii thi(u mot so khia canh nhu tain ly, th) hiéu nhu cau vé nhfmg quyén cua ngucri tiéu dung da dupc Lien hpp quoc cfing nhan, mot so v:in de dat cho vi(c b:to v( quyén icti cua nguoi tiéu diing ’a Vi t Nam (téc phdm ciia Do:in Vin Truéing) Is'ghién ciiu mot c:ich co h( thong vi(c b:to v( quyén cua ngu’ci’i tiéu dung véri tu c:ich I:i mot quyén cc bén cua cong dfin da dupc Hiéu ph:ip v:i phép luat cong nhan ci nucic ta dén hau nhu chua co Trong do, nhu cau cap thiét doi voi vi(c bao v quyén v:i c:ie lpi ich hpp ph:ip cua ngu’c i e( tiéu dung dang doi hoi mot he thong ph:ip luat tuong doi day du va dong bo) , véi’i r c›t bo may va nguoi cu the de b:to v( ngu’cii tiéu diing quyén cua hp b)t kinh nghi(m pham, Cé› so s:inh, doi chiéu v:i tham kh:to “t so nuoc tién ta hi n Muc tiéu vii phpm vi nghién ciru ’a dé tit i Thé nhat.- Phén tich 1:inn s:ing to cc so ly lua( n ve b:to dam quyén ciia ngu’ci i tiéu diing nén kinh té thi truéing dinh huéng XHCN ’a nuoc ta hi(n De gi:ii quyét nhi(m vu khoa hpc n:iy, de t:ii sé de cap tot: Kh:ii ni(m nguoi tiéu diing va quyén ciia ngu’‹i’i tiéu dung; not dung céc quyén cua nguoi tiéu diing; phan tich dupe vi tri, vai tro b:to v( quyén ciia ngucii tiéu dung doi vci“i svi ph:it trién kinh té xa hoi cua dfit nucic; phan tich so siinh kinh nghi(m b:to ve quyén ngu‹ ’i tiéu dilng trén the gioi va mot so nuoc Thii hat H( thong ho:i nhfmg thénh thu cua Vi(t Nam trén linh vpc b:to v( quyén cua nguéii tiéu diing nén kinh té thi truéing dinh hu6rg XHCN H‹›n 20 nam Doi mé’i, duoi su lanh dao cua Dang cong s:in Vi(t Nam, dat nuoc ta d5 vupt qua cuoc khiing ho:ing kinh té, xa hoi o khu vuc; tri, cung co thénh qu:i cua su nghi(p xay dijng va b:to ve to quoc, day manh cong cuoc doi mcri vcii the 6c› tang truong kinh té cao so voi nhiéu nuoc khu vpc Trén linh vuc chain to cho nguoi, b:to v( quyén nguoi, Vi(t b'am da dat dupc nhfmg thénh t d:ing to trén tat ca c:ic linh vuc Muc tiéu cc b:in cua de tai n:iy dune gioi han o nhting tiju cc ban linh v;rc b:to dam quyén ciia nguoi tiéu dilng c› nuoc ta B:to c:to tong quan sé de cap tot quan diem, duéing Hi, chinh séch cua D:ing, ph:ip luat ciia Nha nuéc vi(c b:to d:inn quyén ciia nguoi tiéu diing, h( thong ho:i nhiing thinh tuu thuc té dat dupe vi(c bao d:inn quyén cua ngucii tiéu diing Day I:i muc tiéu cc b:in, quan trpng nhat cua de tar