Bảo hiểm hàng hóa xuất nhập khẩu vận chuyển bằng đường biển trên thị trường bảo hiểm việt nam thực trạng và giải pháp

TRLfdNG DAI HOC KINH t£ QU6c DAN - B3 -HM HOC KTQD j T1 THONG TIN THU" VIEN PHONG LUAN AN • TV LIEU NGUYEN THI THANH LOAN chuy£n NGANH: kinh tE bao hi^m LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH li • • 7M NGUtJl HtfCJNG DAN KHOA HOC: TS PHAM THI DINH HA NOT - 2011 ffl MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC CHC VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN MO' DAU CHUONG BAO HIEM HANG HOA XUAT NHAP CHUYEN • KHAU VAN • BANG DUONG BIEN VA THI TRUONG BAO HIEM HANG HOA XUAT NHAP KHAU VAN CHUYEN BANG DUONG BIEN 1.1 Sy can thiet va vai tro cua bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien A 1.1.1 7 Hoat dong xuat nhap khau hang hoa van chuyen bang duong bien va su can thiet cua bao hiem 1.1.2 Lich su hinh va phat trien cua bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 1.1.3 Vai trd cua bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 1.2 Noi dung cff ban cua bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 11 1.2.1 Cac ben lien quan chu yeu qua trinh xuat nhap khau hang hoa van chuyen bang duong bien .11 1.2.2 Cac loai rui ro va ton that bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien .13 ' 1.2.3 7 A Cac dieu kien bao hiem bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 17 1.2.4 Hop dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 17 1.2.5 Khieu nai ddi boi thuong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 23 1.2.6 Giam dinh va boi thuong ton that bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 25 1.3 Thi trudug bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien 29 1.3.1 Khai niem 29 1.3.2 Dac diem cua thi trirang bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bangdudng bien 29 1.3.3 Cac chu the tham giathi trirang 31 1.3.4 Cac nhan to anh hudng den thi trirang bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau 37 CHUONG THlTC TRANG BAO HIEM HANG HOA XUATNHAP KHAU VAN CHUYEN BANG DUONG BIEN O VIET NAM (GIAI DOAN 2000-2010) 40 2.1 Cac nhan to anh hirong toi hoat dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang diroug bien tai Viet Nam 40 2.1.1 Dieu kien chinh tri, xa hoi 40 2.1.2 Dieu kien phap ly .40 2.1.3 Dieu kien kinh te 41 2.1.4 Sir phat trien cua nganh van tai duang bien 45 2.2 Cac chu the tham gia thi truong 49 2.2.1 Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem 49 2.2.2 Trung gian bao hiem 51 2.2.3 Cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau .55 2.2.4 Co quan quan ly, giam sat Nha nude 58 2.3 Thye trang hoat dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang dircrng bien tai Viet Nam (giai doan 2000 - 2010) 60 2.3.1 Hoat dong khai thac bao hiem 60 2.3.2 Nhan va nhuang tai bao hiem 66 2.3.3 Cong tac giam dinh va boi thuang ton that 71 2.4 Danh gia chung 75 2.4.1 Ket qua dat duqc 75 2.4.2 Ton tai va nguyen nhan 79 CHVO’NG GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN BAO HIEM HANG HOA XUAT NHAP KHAU VAN CHUYEN BANG DUONG BIEN VIET NAM 86 3.1 Co' hoi va thach thirc cua bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien Viet Nam hoi nhap quoc te 86 3.1.1 Cac cam ket cua Viet Nam ve thi truong bao hiem hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 86 3.1.2 Co hoi va thach thuc doi vdi thi truong bao hiem Viet Nam sau hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 93 3.2 Cac giai phap phat trien hoat dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duong bien tai Viet Nam 97 3.2.1 Ve phia cac cong ty bao hiem 97 3.2.2 Ve phia cac nha kinh doanh xuat nhap khau 100 3.2.3 Ve phia Nha nude 103 3.2.4 Cac giai phap ho tro khac 106 KET LUAN 109 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 110 PHU LUC DANH MUC CAC CHET VIET TAT BTA Hiep dinh thuong mai song phuong Viet Nam - Hoa Ky DLBH Dai ly bao hiem DNBH Doanh nghiep bao hiem FDI Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai GTBH Gia tri bao hiem HDBH Hop dong bao hiem HHXNK Hang hoa xuat nhap khau ICC Phong thuong mai quoc te MGBH Moi gidi bao hiem MIA Bo luat Hang hai nude Anh ND Nghi dinh ODA Ho trp phat trien chinh thuc PCCC Phong chay chtra chay QD Quyet dinh QTC Quy tac chung ve bao hiem hang hoa STBH So tien bao hiem TNDS Trach nhiem dan sir TT Thong tu TTBP Ton that bo phan TTC Tdn that chung TTR Ton that rieng TTTB Ton that toan bo WTO To chuc thuong mai quoc te XNK Xuat nhap khau DANH MUC BANG, BIEU BANG: Bang 2.1: Danh sach cac cong ty bao hiem phi nhan tho (Tinh den 31/12/2010) 50 Bang 2.2: Danh sach cac cong ty moi giai bao hiem (Tinh den 31/12/2010) Bang 2.3: Tinh hinh kim ngach xuat nhap khau tai Viet Nam (2000-2010) 57 Bang 2.4: Tinh hinh tham gia bao hiem nude cua hang xuat khau 52 (2000-2010) 61 Bang 2.5: Tinh hinh tham gia bao hiem nude cua hang nhap khau (2000-2010) 62 Bang 2.6: Doanh thu phi bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau tham gia bao hiem nude (giai doan 2000 - 2010) 65 Bang 2.7: Tinh hinh boi thudng ton that bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau (2000-2010) 73 Bang 2.8: Doanh thu cua tirng nghiep vu nam 2009 - 2010 76 BIEU DO; Bieu 2.1: Tang trudng GDP va cac khu vuc kinh te giai doan 2000 - 2010 42 Bieu 2.2: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) giai doan 2000 - 2010 44 Bieu 2.3: Kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam giai doan 2000 - 2010 57 Bieu dd 2.4: Ty le boi thudng nghiep vu bao hiem hang hoa nam 2010 .74 Bieu 2.5: Tong doanh thu goc va boi thudng goc toan thi trudng 2008 - 2010 77 Bieu 2.6: Thi phan theo nghiep vu nam 2010 77 JJ t TRjdNG DAI HOC KINH Tfi Qu6c DAN - > NGUYfiN THI* THANH LOAN BAO HIEM HANG HOA XUAT NHAP KHAU O _ WA n JI g\f VAN CHUYEN BANG DlfflNG BIEN TREN THI■ TRlTONG ■ BAO HIEM VIET NAM - THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH it BAO HIEM • HA NOT - 2011 • MO? DAU Bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien la mot nghiep vu truyen thong cua bao hiem hang hai va den no da trd tap quan thuong mai quoc te Su phat trien cua nghiep vu bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien giup cho cac nha XNK yen tarn mo rong quy mo hoat dong, dam bao kha nang tai chinh cua doanh nghiep, dong thbi day nhanh qua trinh thu hut von dau tu nude ngoai Tuy nhien, du kirn ngach HHXNK co muc tang truong cao, doanh nghiep Viet Nam van chiem thi phan rat nhd thi truong bao hiem HHXNK Tinh den nay, Viet Nam chi co khoang 7% kirn ngach hang xuat khau va 33% kirn ngach hang nhap khau tham gia bao hiem nude Dieu ddng nghia vdi viec chung ta dang de “chay mau” mot lupng ngoai te khong nhd thu dupe tu phi bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien Vi vay, viec phat trien va hoan thien cac van de ve nghiep vu bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien la mot yeu cau quan trong su phat trien cua moi DNBH cung nhu cua toan nganh, dac biet la dieu kien thi truong nude va quoc te cd su canh tranh gay gat nhu hien Lam tot cong tac se giup cho cac DNBH nude gianh thi phan, cung nhu han che chay mau ngoai te nude ngoai qua phat trien nen kinh te dat nude chuyen bang duong bien tren thi truong bao hiem Viet Nam - Thue trang va giai phap” da dupe tac gia luan van lua chon va nghien cuu Tac gia thuc hien de tai vdi muc dich giai quyet cac van de sau: - He thong hoa va gop phan lam ro hon nhung van de co ban ve bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien va thi truong bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien - Phan tich danh gia thuc trang hoat dong bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien d Viet Nam de chi nhung ket qua dat dupe cung nhu nhung han che, vudng mac edn ton tai, tim nguyen nhan va each khac phuc - De xuat nhung giai phap nham hoan thien va day manh hon ntra hoat dong bao hiem HHXNK van chuyen bang duong bien d Viet Nam 101 hang hoa xuat nhap khau tham gia bao hiem nudc thi nhung no luc cua cac cong ty bao hiem se la chua du Dieu ddi hoi su dong tarn, hiep luc cua ca cac nha kinh doanh xuat nhap khau Chi nhan thuc duoc day du loi ich cua viec mua bao hiem nudc, cac nha xuat nhap khau mdi tich cue viec danh lay quyen mua bao hiem La mot hai nghiep vu bao hiem dau tien dupe trien khai d Viet Nam each day tren 45 nam theo quyet dinh so 179/CP 19/12/1964 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu nhung tdi nay, so phi bao hiem hang hoa ma cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam thu duoc van cdn rat khiem ton, each xa cac nghiep vu khac duqc trien khai sau Kim ngach hang hoa nhap khau duoc bao hiem nudc chi chiem khoang 35% kim ngach hang nhap, so ddi vdi hang xuat khau cdn khiem ton hon - chiem chua day 7% Sd di, co nhieu nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang ma trudc het la suot mot thdi gian dai, Nha nudc cdn doc quyen ve bao hiem, hang nhap khau vao nudc ta chu yeu la hang vien tro khong hoan lai, vi the deu hai cdng ty bao hiem la INGOSTRACKH cua Lien Xo (cu) va PICC Trung Quoc bao hiem Den giua nhung nam 80 cua the ky trudc, hang vien tro khong cdn, hang nhap khau chu yeu dupe mua bang tien vay no vdi dieu kien la theo gia CIF Cd le chinh vi the ma d Viet Nam, gidi kinh doanh xuat nhap khau da hinh tap quan nhap hang theo gia CIF, nghia la quyen van tai va quyen bao hiem thuoc ve phia ngudi ban nudc ngoai Vdi cac quyen do, doi tac nudc ngoai y thue tau va mua bao hiem, va theo le thudng ho se ky hop dong vdi cac cdng ty cua nudc minh Dieu dong nghia vdi viec mot lupng ngoai te khong nhd da chay nudc ngoai va cac cdng ty bao hiem Viet Nam mat di dieu kien de thi tho tai nang cac cdng ty bao hiem nudc ngoai thi co rat nhieu dieu kien de phat trien Tap quan ngupc trudc day da tung nhan dupc su cd xuy ung ho cho viec nhap hang theo gia CIF, mac du theo cac dieu kien thuong mai quoc te INCOTERMS thi quyen mua bao hiem hang nhap thuoc ve ngudi mua Cd khong it nha nhap khau nhap hang theo gia 102 CIF vi cho rang lam nhu vay la ranh tay, chi viec nhan hang tai cang den Tuy nhien, cac nha nhap khau khong biet rang, theo quy dinh cua INCOTERMS, rui ro doi vdi hang hoa duoc chuyen giao ke tu hang qua khoi lan can tau tai ben xep hang Ngudi duoc bao hiem co the se khong duoc cac nha bao hiem nudc ngoai boi thudng du bi thiet hai vi ngudi ban chi mua bao hi£m theo dieu kien toi thieu ( C ) Trong do, neu mua bao hiem tai Viet Nam, doanh nghiep khong nhung khong bi rao can ve ngon ngu, khong bi ton kem chi phi giao dich, ma cdn co the kien cac nha bao hiem toa neu nhu cam ket khong duoc ton Vi vay, trudc het chung ta can nhanh chong thay ddi tap quan thuong mai cu cua cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau: chuyen dan tu phuong thuc xuat khiu theo dieu kien FOB, nhap khau theo dieu kien CIF sang xuat khau theo di£u kien CIF, nhap khau theo dieu kien FOB hoac CFR.Vdi hoat dong xuat khau theo dieu kien CIF, hang hoa duoc chuyen chd bang tau nudc va duoc cong ty bao hiem nudc bao hiem se tao nguon thu ngoai te vi chi phi van tai va phi bao hiem ve thuc chat duoc tinh vao gia hang phia nudc ngoai tra Nhap khau theo dieu kien FOB co tac dung giam chi ngoai te Trong trudng hop chung ta chi phai chi ngoai te de nhap khau hang hoa ma khong phai chi tien nhap dich vu van tai bien va dich vu bao hiem cua nudc ngoai nhu trudc day So ngoai te chi cho moi hop dong ngoai thuong giam se giup cai thien tinh trang tham hut tai khoan vang lai keo dai nhieu nam nhu hien cua nudc ta Dieu xet ve toan cuc co loi cho nen kinh te quoc dan da tao co hoi cho nganh bao hiem hang hai va nganh van tai bien phat trien Va chinh su phat trien cua hai nganh co tac dong nguoc trd lai gop ph£n md rong khong ngung hoat dong kinh te doi ngoai Su phoi ket hop ho tro cung phat trien cua ba linh vuc XNK, bao hiem hang hai, va van tai dudng bi£n co mot y nghia quan Se la rat kho cho hoat dong XNK neu nganh bao hiem va van tai bien kem phat trien, va nganh bao hiem va van tai bien cung khong the phat trien manh duoc dieu kien kim ngach XNK thap 103 Hon nua, bang cac bien phap tuyen truyen, chung ta phai lam cho cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau nhan thuc duoc rang neu tham gia bao hiem tai cac cdng ty bao hiem Viet Nam, doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau se tranh duoc nhung phien phuc ve thu tuc phap ly, ngdn ngu, dia ly co the se gap phai rui ru bao hiem xay Trong truong hop cdng ty bao hiem Viet Nam khdng du nang luc bao hiem, phia Viet Nam van co loi chung ta co dieu kien lua chon cdng ty bao hiem uy tin de bao hiem cho hang hoa cua minh, dong thoi lua chon cac dieu khoan bao hiem phu hop voi tinh hinh tai chinh cung nhu hoat dong kinh doanh cua cdng ty e r t ■> Kim ngach hang hoa xuat nhap khau tham gia bao hiem nuoc tang co y nghia quan trong, thuc day nganh bao hiem phat trien Theo nguyen ly so ddng, luong khach hang tham gia cang lon thi cdng ty bao hiem cang co dieu kien phan chia rui ro giua cac doi tuong bao hiem, tranh cho cdng ty truoc nhung ton that lon, anh hudng khdng tot toi tinh hinh tai chinh Va dieu cang co y nghia hon ma ty le boi thuong cua nghiep vu bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau nuoc ta nhung nam qua ludn d muc cao, khoang 65­ 70% Muc boi thuong dat cac cdng ty bao hiem truoc nhung nguy co tiem an, khdng luong truoc duoc 3.2.3 Ve phia Nha nudc - Can phai xay dung mot hang rao ky thuat ve tieu chuan lap doanh nghiep bao hiem va hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem: Day se la mot su sang loc can thiet hop ly khdng vi pham cam ket WTO nham lua chon tot nhat cac to chuc, ca nhan va ngoai nuoc co nguyen vong lap doanh nghiep bao hiem hoat dong tai Viet Nam lau dai va dong gop cho su phat trien cua thi truong bao hiem Nhung tieu chuan co ban co the bao gom: > Lich su va kinh nghiem to chuc hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem cua nguoi tham gia lap; > Du kien cac san pham bao hiem dua thi truong phai phu hop voi nhu cau 104 cua nen kinh te xa hoi, khong tao canh tranh gay gat va gop phan phat tri£n thi truong bao hiem; > Co bo may to chuc lanh dao dieu hanh tot, the hien u kinh nghiem va trinh cua nguoi dam nhiem chuc vu; > Co he thong cong nghe thong tin dap ung nhu cau trien khai phat trien san pham bao hiem, quan ly giam sat hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem; > Co nguon von chu su huu ldn hon hoac bang von phap dinh de dam bao kinh doanh bao hiem lau dai tai Viet Nam, tao dieu kien dau tu cong nghe, dao tao nguon nhan luc, nghien cuu phat trien va quan nhat la dam bao kha nang toan cho khach hang - Day nhanh hon nua viec chuyen doi hinh thuc su huu cac doanh nghiep nha nudc, tao su canh tranh binh dang, lanh manh giua cac doanh nghiep tren thuong truong Chuyen doi hinh thuc su huu cac doanh nghiep Nha nudc gop phan dam bao hieu qua kinh doanh toi da tat yeu se tru muc tieu quan nhat can phai theo duoi Vdi muc tieu do, viec nghien cuu va tim moi phuong an de thay doi phuong thuc kinh doanh xuat nhap khau se dupc cac doanh nghiep quan tam thuc hien Khi cac doanh nghiep nha nudc co quy mo ldn hien chuyen doi cong ty cd phan va hoat dong kinh doanh khong co su bao ho cua Nha nudc, di tien phong thuc hien phuong thuc “mua FOB, ban CIF” nhu cac thuong nhan nudc ngoai thi dan dan, cac doanh nghiep khac cung se thuc hien theo - Dua cac chinh sach ho trp doi vdi hoat dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau nham tao dieu kien thuc day tap quan mua bao hiem nudc: e r t p Tang ty kim ngach hang hoa xuat nhap khau tham gia bao hiem nudc khong chi gop phan phat trien nganh bao hiem nudc nha ma lam giam “chay mau ngoai te” nudc ngoai, tao them cong an viec lam cho nguoi dan va tang thu cho ngan sach nha nudc Do do, de budc dau tao tap quan mua bao hiem nudc thi nhung chinh sach ho trp cua Nha nudc doi vdi hoat dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau la vo cung can thiet 105 Nha nudc can co co che, chi'nh sach cu the khuyen khich cac cong ty xuat nhap khau ky ket hop dong theo dieu kien xuat khau CIF, nhap khau FOB hoac C&F nhu: giam thue xuat nhap khau cho chu hang nao tham gia bao hiem tai Viet Nam hoac giam the doanh thu hay thue gia tri gia tang, giam thu tuc hai quan, hoac giao han ngach xuat nhap khau cao hon doi vdi nhung chu hang tham gia bao hiem tai Viet Nam Nhu da phan tich o tren, dieu kien giao hang co tac dung chu yeu den viec phan dinh trach nhiem giua cac ben qua trinh thuc hien hop dong thuong mai Vdi cac chinh sach uu dai tren, cac cong ty xuat nhap khau se chu dong hon dam phan ky ket, thuc hien phuong thuc xuat khau theo dieu kien CIF, nhap khau theo dieu kien FOB hoac C&F, tao co so nang cao ty hang hoa xuat nhap khau tham gia bao hiem nudc, dong thdi thuc day nganh bao hiem Viet Nam phat trien - Tiep tuc hoan thien hanh lang phap ly va tang cudng vai tro giam sat cua Nha nudc doi vdi hoat dong bao hiem noi chung va bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang dudng bien noi rieng: Ben canh viec thuc day tap quan mua bao hiem nudc, doi vdi cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc ve bao hiem la Bo tai chinh va Cuc quan ly giam sat bao hiem can phai tiep tuc hoan thien cac van ban quy pham phap luat Chinh sach ve bao hiem can phai ro rang, minh bach, dam bao binh dang giua cac phan kinh te Ngoai ra, giua cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc va doanh nghiep bao hiem phai thiet lap duoc moi quan he chat che de cung nam bat thong tin Dong thdi, tang cudng cong tac giam sat, cudng che cua co quan quan ly doi vdi hoat dong bao hiem Can phoi hop vdi Hiep hoi Bao hiem de thuc thi nhung quy tac dao duc nghe nghiep, dao tao nguon nhan luc - Nang cao vai tro cua Hiep hoi Bao hiem Viet Nam: Rieng doi vdi Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam, dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te nhu hien nay, vai trO cua Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam can phai duoc phat huy hon nua, cu the nhu sau: > Dong vien va tao dieu kien de cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam hoat 106 dong, phat trien theo dung dinh hudng chien luge phat trien thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam > Khong ngung day manh cong tac tuyen truyen ve bao hiem nham nang cao nhan thuc cua cong chung ve y nghia, tac dung, vai tro cua bao hiem, san pham bao hiem va cac hoat dong cua nganh bao hiem thong qua cac hinh thuc nhu: to chuc hoi nghi, to chuc cac cuoc thi viet bai ve vai trd cua bao hiem, cac san pham bao hiem, thong qua cac bai bao hay phong su truyen hinh > Mang tieng noi cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem phan anh nhung kho khan, vudng mac co che chinh sach va tim giai phap thao gd > Tich cuc hon nua viec dong gop y kien phan bien cac van ban phap quy lien quan den hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem, tao mdi trudng phap ly cho kinh doanh bao hiem > Luon quan tam den cong tac dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan luc cho nganh bao hiem: Hiep hoi co the lien ket vdi cac trudng Dai hoc de xay dung cac chuong trinh dao tao nhan vien cung nhu can bo quan ly cao cap de nang cao trinh chuyen mon cua doi ngu can bo nhan vien Dong thdi, Hiep hoi cung co the phoi hop vdi cac Hoc vien bao hiem nudc ngoai viec dao tao nghiep vu bao hiem de xay dung lop can bo nguon lam nong cot phat trien thi trudng > Luon khang dinh dugc vai trd cua minh la “ngoi nha chung cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem” vua hop tac, vua canh tranh lanh manh, thuc day thi trudng bao hiem phat trien.can nhay ben, nhanh nhay hon va de nhung quy tac cho hoat dong bao hiem 3.2.4 Cac giai phap hd tra khac - Tang cu’ffng mdi lien ket giua nganh bao hiem va nganh van tai bien: Thuc tien cho thay, bao hiem hang hoa thudng di kem vdi bao hiem tau thuy Chinh vi the, viec tang cudng moi lien ket giua nganh bao hiem va nganh van tai bien la vo cung can thiet Phat trien cac doi tau Viet Nam khong chi la phat trien nganh van tai bien ma gop phan phat trien hoat dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau Trong thdi gian qua, nganh van tai bien Viet Nam da co nhung budc phat trien dang ke: doi tau thuy khong ngung tang len ca ve so lugng va chat lugng, ben canh viec phat trien cac cang bien hien co thi rat nhieu cang bien dugc xay 107 dung mdi, nang lire xep da cua cac cang cung duac nang len, trinh cua cac thuyen truang va thuyen vien cung duac cai thien dang ke Tuy vay van chua dap ung duoc yeu cau cang cao ve ky thuat va nhung yeu cau khat khe cua cac linh vyc: xuat nhap khau, bao hiem hang hai va van tai duang bien co mot y nghia quan Se la rat kho cho hoat dong xuat nhap khau neu nganh bao hiem va van manh duac dieu kien kim ngach xuat nhap khau thap Ngoai ra, cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem va cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh logistic khong nen thu dong cho dai su thay doi ma can hap tac chat che vai de tu van, ho tra cho cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh xuat nhap khau thay doi phuong thuc giao nhan hang Van sir khai dau nan, neu nhung kho khan ban dau cua cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh xuat nhap khau viec thay doi phuong thuc giao, nhan hang duac ho tra kip thai va vuat qua thi chac chan rang, “mua FOB, duac “tra lai” cho cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh bao hiem nunc va hieu qua kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau va logistic cung se tang len - Tang cirdng han nua sir hop tac giua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem: Noi den thi truang tat yeu phai co sy canh tranh Canh tranh d day khong phai la de chia re, phan hoa doanh nghiep bao hiem ma canh tranh se tao tien de de cac doanh nghiep bao hiem tien tai hap tac song phuong, da phuong va tham chi tien tai viec mua ban, hop nhat, sap nhap doanh nghiep bao hiem de tao nen mot sue manh canh tranh tot han Bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau se khong the nao phat trien duac neu tiep dien tinh trang “den nha rang” nhu cac doanh nghiep bao hiem hien Can hinh mot lien minh ba ben gom: cac nha xuat nhap khau, van tai bien va cac nha bao hiem vi lai ich chung - Can cd quy hoqch phat trien mot each khoa hoc, hop ly va dau tir du manh cho viec nang cap lire luong van tdi bien Viet Nam de dii sue van chuyen hang hoa tir Viet Nam di cac nudc tren the gidi va ngu ffc lai vdi an toan cao, gid cudc hop ly Day la nhan to quan nhat de cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh xuat, nhap 108 khau yen tam trao gui hang hoa cua minh cho nha van tai xuat, nhap khau - Cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh linh vuc logistic can nhanh chong r A nang cao trinh nghiep vu chuyen mon, ngoai ngu, kien thuc ve thuong mai qudc te de hd tru dac luc cho cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh xuat nhap khau thuc hien “mua FOB, ban CIF” Do cung chinh la budc chuan bi quan de chiem linh thi trudng logistic chung ta md cua thi trudng cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai vao nam 2014 109 KET LUA N Nen kinh te nude ta dang hoi nhap cang sau rong vao nen kinh te quoc te Dong thdi, su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc dang dien tung cung la nhan to gop phan thuc day hoat dong giao thuong, buon ban giua nudc ta vdi cac nudc tren the gidi Chinh vi the, nhung nam qua, kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam khong ngung tang len Vdi vai tro la tam la chan cho cac doanh nghiep hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang dudng bien da co nhung budc tien to ldn, gop phan vao su phat trien chung cua toan bo nen kinh te Tuy vay, tinh den nay, cac cong ty bao hiem Viet Nam cung chi mdi bao hiem duqc gan 7% kim ngach hang xuat khau va 33% kim ngach hang nhap khau Do la nhung so vo cung khiem ton so vdi tiem nang xuat nhap khau cua nudc ta Chung ta dang bo ngo mot mang thi trudng ldn va rat mau md cho cac cong ty bao hiem nudc ngoai khai thac Vay lam the nao de khac phuc duqc tinh trang nay? Vdi ket cau bao gom chuong di tu co so ly thuyet cho den thuc tien, luan van da dua nhom giai phap co ban nham phat trien hoat dong bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang dudng bien tai Viet Nam, dem lai lqi ich cho ca nha xuat nhap khau, cho nganh bao hiem, nganh van tai bien va cho toan bo nen kinh te La mot hoc vien cao hoc, mac du da duqc trang bi nhung kien thuc co ban song han che ve thdi gian nghien cuu cung nhu kinh nghiem thuc te nen luan van khong tranh khoi nhung khiem khuyet Tac gia rat mong nhan duqc nhung y kien dong gop cua cac thay co, cac chuyen gia bao hiem cung nhu cac doc gia quan tam de luan van duqc hoan thien hon Xin chan cam on 110 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Tieng Viet Bo luat hang hai Viet nam, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia 2006 (Bo luat 2005) r ■> r ■> Phung Dac Loc, Co nen bat buoc mua bao hiem hang nhap khau tai Viet Nam,, Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam Dr David Bland, Bao hiem nguyen tac va thuc hanh, NXB Tai chinh 1998 Thai Van Cach, Bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau ngoai tam vai cua doanh nghiep, Cong ty co phan bao hiem Vien Dong Tran Dai Duong, Bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau — nhuang san cho mcac ngoai, chuyen trang Nguai lao dong online TS Nguyen Van Dinh, Giao trinh bao hiem, Truang dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Nha xuat ban thong ke 2005 TS Nguyen Van Dinh, Giao trinh Quan tri kinh doanh bao hiem, Truang dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Nha xuat ban thong ke 2004 Nguyen Huu Hieu, Bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau Viet Nam boi r r r •> •> canh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, Tong cong ty bao hiem Bao Viet Cac dieu khoan bao hiem hang hoa 1963, Hoc hoi bao hiem London Cac dieu khoan bao hiem hang hoa 1982, Hoc hoi bao hiem London 10 Vuong Quoc Hung, Bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duang bien tren thi truang bao hiem Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te — Thuc trang va giai phap, Dai hoc kinh te quoc dan 11 GS TSKH Truong Moc Lam; Ths Doan Minh Phung, Giao trinh nghiep vu bao hiem,, NXB Tai chinh 2005 12 GS TSKH Truong Moc Lam; Luu Nguyen Khanh, Mot so van de can biet ve phap ly kinh doanh bao hiem, NXB Thong ke 2000 13 Bui Sy Nam, Nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh nghiep vu bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen bang duang bien tai Cong ty bao hiem dau Ha Noi, Dai hoc kinh te quoc dan 111 14 GS TSKH Truong Moc Lam, Nhung van de co' ban ve bao hiem hang hoa, NXB ThOng ke 2002 15 Luat bao hiem hang hai Anh quoc (MIA), Nguyen Phong dich 16 Luat kinh doanh bao hiem, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia 2001 17 Luat su Vo Nhat Thang, Mot so van de ve van don, bat giu tau bien va cuu r r \ •> r x ho hang hai 18 Vu Toan, Bao hiem hang hoa - Doanh nghiep noi lep ve, Tong cong ty bao hiem B1C 19 Nhung dieu kien thuong mai quoc te - INCOTERMS 2000, NXB ThOng ke 2001 20 Ths Vo Thi Pha, Giao trinh Ly thuyet bao hiem, NXB Tai chinh 2005 21 Nguyen Vu, Thi truang bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau bi nudc ngoai r f nam giu, chuyen trang Nguoi lao dong online Tieng Anh 22 Hague Visby Rules 1968 23 The International Convention for Reunification of Certain Rules relating to Bill ofLading 1924 24 The UN Convention on the Carriage of Good by Sea 1978 Website 25 Website cua Bo cong thuong: http://www.moit.gov.vn 26 Website cua Bo tai chinh: htrp://www.mof.gov.vn 27 Website cua Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam: http://www.webbaohiem.net 28 Website Nguoi lao dong online: http://n1d.com.vn PHU• LUC • PHU LUC - CAC DIEU KIEN BAO HIEM TRONG QTC VE BAO HIEM HHXNK VAN CHUYEN BANG DUONG BIEN NAM 1990 DO BO• TAI CHINH BAN HANH Dieu kien bao hiem C (ICCC) - Pham vi bao hiem theo dieu kien C: + Ton that hay ton hai cua hang hoa duoc bao hiem co nguyen nhan hop ly chay hoac no; tau bi mac can, chim dam, bi lat; dam va; hang tai cang lanh nan + Hy sinh vi ton that chung + Phan trach nhiem ma ngudi tham gia bao hiem phai chiu theo dieu khoan tau dam va deu co loi - Nhung ton that, chi phi va trach nhiem khac: + Ton that chung va chi phi cuu ho duoc dieu chinh hay xac dinh bang hop dong van tai hoac theo luat le va tap quan hien hanh; + Nhung chi phi va tien cong hop ly cho viec hang luu kho va gui tiep hang hoa duoc bao hiem tai cang doc duong hay cang lanh nan hau qua cua mot rui ro thuoc pham vi hop dong bao hiem; + Nhung chi phi ma ngudi duoc bao hiem hoac dai ly cua ho da chi nham phong tranh hoac giam nhe ton that cho hang hoa duoc bao hiem hoac nhung chi phi kien tung de doi ngudi thu ba boi thudng; + Phan trach nhiem ma ngudi duoc bao hiem phai chiu theo dieu khoan “hai ben cung co loi” ghi hop dong van tai - Rui ro loai tru: + Ton that hay ton hai hanh vi xau, co y cua ngudi tham gia bao hiem + Ro ri, hao hut thong thudng ve luong, khoi luong hoac hao mon tu nhien cua doi tuong duoc bao hiem + Do noi ty hoac ban chat cua hang hoa + Ton that hoac ton hai dong goi bao bi khong du dieu kien, khong thich hop + Ton that hoac ton hai ma nguyen nhan true tiep la cham tre + Ton that hoac ton hai khong tra duoc no hoac thieu thon ve tai chinh cua chu tau, nguoi quan ly; nguoi thue tau hoac nguoi khai thac tau + Ton that hoac ton tai viec su dung bat ky mot loai vu chien tranh nao co dung phan ung hat nhan, phan ung hoa hoc, chat phong xa + Thiet hai co y hoac su pha hoai co y doi tuong duoc bao hiem hanh dong pham phap cua bat ky nguoi nao + Do tau khong du kha nang di bien, hoac khong thich hop cho viec van chuyen hang hoa ma nguoi tham gia bao hiem da biet tinh trang vao luc hang hoa dupc xep len phuong tien van tai + Ton that xay chien tranh, noi chien, bao loan, hanh dong thu dich, bat gifr, quan che, giam cam, + Ton that min, thuy loi, bom va cac loai vu chien tranh khac + Ton that gay boi nguoi dinh cong, cong nhan bi cam xudng hoac nhung nguoi tham gia gay roi loan lao dong, bao dong, noi loan + Ton that xay bao dong chinh tri, dong co chinh tri Trach nhiem chung minh ton that dieu kien bao hiem C thuoc ve ngudi tham gia bao hiem (chu hang ) Nhin chung, dieu kien bao hiem C (ICC 1982) giong dieu kien bao hiem FPA (ICC 1963), nhung dieu kien bao hiem C khong boi thudng tdn that mat nguyen kien hang va cung khong phan biet tdn that bo phan hay tdn that toan bo Dieu kien bao hiem B (ICC B) - Pham vi bao hiem: Theo dieu kien nay, ngoai cac rui ro dupc bao hiem giong nhu d dieu kien C, doanh nghiep bao hiem bdi thudng cho tdn that hay tdn hai ddi vdi hang hoa dupc bao hiem cac rui ro khac gay ra, cu the: + Dong dat, nui lua, set danh; + Bi nudc cuon khoi tau; + Nudc bien, nudc song, ho xam nhap vao ham tau, vao container hoac ndi chua hang; + Ton that nguyen kien hang qua trinh xep dd, chuyen tai r - Nhung ton that, chi phi va trach nhiem khac: Nhu dieu kien C - Rui ro loai trie: Nhu dieu kien C Dieu kien bao hiem A (ICC A) Day la dieu kien bao hiem cd pham vi rong nhat, bao hiem tat ca nhung hu hong, mat mat cua hang hoa, ke ca rui ro cudp bien, chi tru nhung rui ro loai tru theo quy dinh va khdng ap dung muc mien thudng - Pham vi bao hiem: Theo dieu kien nay, ngudi bao hiem chiu trach nhiem ve moi rui ro gay mat mat hu hong cho hang hoa bao hiem tru nhung rui ro duqc (tau mac can, dam,chay, dam va nhau, dam va phai nhung vat the khac, mat tich ) va nhung rui ro phu (hu hdng, vd, cong, bep, gi, hap hoi, thieu hut, trom cap, khdng giao hang ) tac dong ngau nhien ben ngoai qua trinh van chuyen, xep, dd, giao nhan, bao quan, luu kho hang hoa - Nhung ton that, chi phi va trach nhiem khac Nhu dieu kien B, C - Riii ro loai trie: Nhu dieu kien B, C; loai tru thiet hai hanh dong ac y gay Nhu vay, ba dieu kien bao hiem C, B, A theo ICC 1982 deu khdng phan biet ton that toan bo va ton that bo phan, chu hang deu cd trach nhiem chung minh ton that la thuoc rui ro duqc bao hiem Nhung dieu kien bao hiem A cd pham vi bao hiem rong nhat va chi dieu kien bao hiem B cd ap dung muc mien thudng Dieu kien bao hiem chien tranh Theo dieu kien nay, ngudi bao hiem phai bdi thudng nhung mat mat, hu hdng cua hang hoa do: - Chien tranh, noi chien, each mang, ndi loan, khai nghia hoac xung dot dan su xay tir nhung bien cd hoac bat ky hanh dong thu dich nao; - Chiem doat, bat giu, kiem che hoac cam giu; - Min, thuy loi, bom hoac cac vu chien tranh khac; - Ton that chung va chi phi cuu nan Pham vi khong gian va thdi gian bao hiem doi vdi rui ro chien tranh hep hon cac rui ro thong thudng Bao hiem bat dau co hieu luc hang hoa duoc xep len tau bien va ket thuc duoc khoi tau tai cang cuoi cung hoac het han 15 ke tu nua dem tau den cang cuoi cung, theo dieu kien nao xay trudc Neu co chuyen tai, bao hiem van tiep tuc co hieu luc cho den het han 15 ke tu nua dem tau den tau den cang chuyen tai Doi vdi rui ro va ngu loi trach nhiem cua ngudi bao hiem duoc md rong ca hang hoa d tren xa lan de van chuyen tau hoac tu tau vao bd nhung khong vuot qua 60 ke tu hang khoi tau, tru co thoa thuan dac biet khac Dieu kien bao hiem dinh cong Theo dieu kien bao hiem nay, chi bao hiem cho nhung mat mat, hu hong cua hang hoa duoc bao hiem do: - Ngudi dinh cong, cong nhan bi cam xudng hoac nhung ngudi tham gia gay roi loan lao dong, bao dong hoac noi day; - Hanh dong khung bo hoac vi muc dich chinh tri; - Ton that chung va chi phi cuu nan Ngudi bao hiem chi boi thudng nhung ton that hanh dong truc tiep cua nhung ngudi dinh cong ma khong chiu trach nhiem ve nhung thiet hai hau qua cua dinh cong gay