Tăng cường quản lý nhà nước đối với hoạt động đưa người lao động việt nam đi làm việc ở nước ngoài theo hợp đồng

LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day Id cong trinh ng/ ien cun cua rieng toi Cdc so lieu luqn van co xuat xir n > rang Nhumg ket luqn moi ve khoa hoc cua luan van chtra dirqc cong bo bat ctr cong trinh ndo Hd Ndi, ngdy thdng Tac gia Dao Ph n o n ndm 2011 MUC LUC • • LOI CAM DOAN DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU, SO DO PHAN MO DAU CHUONG 1: CO SO LY LU AN VA KINH NGHIEM THUC TIEN VE QUAN LY CUA NHA NUOC DOI VOI HOAT DONG DUA NGUOI LAO DONG VIET NAM DI LAM VIEC O NUOC NGOAI THEO HOP DONG 1.1 Mot so van de co ban ve dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 1.1.1 Cac khai niem lien quan den NLD di lam viec O’ niro’c ngoai 1.1.2 Vai tro cua boat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 1.2 Noi dung, nhan to anh huong va su can thiet cua quan ly nha nuoc doi voi hoat dong dua nguoi lao dong di lam viec o nuoc ngoai theo hop dong 13 1.2.1 Quan ly nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 13 1.2.2 Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua quan ly nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 14 1.2.3 Nhan to anh hudng den quan ly nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua ngudi lao dong Viet Nam di lam vice d nude ngoai theo hop dong 21 1.2.4 Su can thiet pliai tang cudng quan ly nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua ngudi lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec d nude ngoai theo hop dong 26 1.3 Kinh nghiem quan ly nha nuoc doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai va bai hoc rut cho Viet Nam 31 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua mot so quoc gia 31 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem tu boat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai cua cac nude cho hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai cua Viet Nam 37 CHUONG II: THUC TRANG QUAN LY NHA NUOC DOI VOI HOAT DONG DUA NGUOI LAO DONG DI LAM VIEC • • • O NUOC NGOAI THEO HOP DONG CUA VIET NAM 39 2.1 Khai quat qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua hoat dong dua nguoi lao dong di lam viec o nuoc ngoai theo hop dong cua Viet Nam 39 2.1.1 Qua trinh phat trien quan he hap tac lao dong quoc tc 39 2.1.2 I le thong van ban phap ly lien quan den boat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 43 2.2 Thue trang quan ly nha nuoc doi voi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 47 2.2.1 Thuc hien cac qui dinh phap luat 47 2.2.2 Bo may quan ly cong tac dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai va sir phoi hop gi tra cac bo nganh chuc nang 50 2.2.3 Cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai thuc hien cac qui dinh chinh sach cua nha nude 55 2.2.4.Thanh tra kiem tra doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 60 2.3 Danh gia thuc trang quan ly nha nude doi voi hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice o’ nude ngoai 64 2.3.1 Thanh tuu dat dupe 64 2.3.2 Nhung ton tai cua quan ly Nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 69 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan han che cua quan ly Nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 71 CHUONG III: PHUONG HUONG VA CAC GIAI PHAP DE TANG CUONG QUAN LY NHA NUOC DOI VOI HOAT DONG DUA NGUOI LAO DONG VIET • • NAM DI LAM VIEC ' ■ • O NUOC NGOAI THEO HOP • DONG 74 3.1 Phuong huong tang cudng quan ly nha nuoc doi voi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec o’ nuoc ngoai 74 3.1.1 Boi canh quoc te va nude lien quan den hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 74 3.1.2 Du bao tinh hinh nhap khau lao dong cua mot so thi trirdng 78 3.1.3 Muc ticu phat trien thi tnrdng lao dong giai doan 2011-2020 82 3.2 Giai phap chii yeu nham tang cudng quan ly Nha nude ve hoat dong dua NLD di lain vice d- nude ngoai 85 3.2.1 Giai pliap tang cuong quan ly nha nude thong qua xay dung, thuc hien cac che do, chinh sach doi vdi ngudi lao dong di lam viec d nude ngoai 85 3.2.2 Giai phap nang cao nang lire va hieu qua to chuc bo may quan ly nha nude va ho trq cua nha nude ve hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nude ngoai87 3.2.3 Giai phap thuc hien chinh sach quan ly, bao ve quyen va loi ich hop phap cua ngudi lao dong di lam vice d nude ngoai 89 3.2.4 Tang cudng cong tac tra kiem tra cua nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai 93 3.2.5 Tang cudng hop tac quoc te, to chuc hoat dong xue ticn phat tricn thi trudng linh virc ngudi lao dong di lam vice d nude ngoai 95 3.3 Kien nghi 95 3.3.1 Kien nghi vdi Quoc hoi 96 3.3.2 Kien nghi vdi Chinh phu 96 3.3.3 Kien nghi doi vdi Bo Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi 98 KET LUAN 100 DANH MUC TAILIEU THAM KHAO 101 DANH MUC CAC CHU ’ VIET TAT STT Tu viet tat A Nghia day du WTO To chuc thuong mai the gidi ILO To chuc lao dong quoc te XK Xuat khau LB Lao dong GTGT Gia tri gia tang NLB Nguoi lao dong KTQT Kinh te quoc te IMO To chuc di cu quoc te XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia r ■> DANH MUC BANG BIEU, SO DO BANG B1EU Bang 2.1: So lao dong va chuyen gia di lam viec o nude ngoai thdi ky 1980 - 199041 Bang 2.2: Qui mo lao dong di lam viec o nudc ngoai giai doan 1980 —19*50 41 Bang 2.2 Tong hop so luong ngudi lao dong di lam viec o nudc ngoai theo .58 nganh nghe (2000 - 2007) 58 Bang 2.3: So luong lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec o nudc ngoai 558 Nudc va vung lanh thd tiep nhan 58 Bang 2.4 Co can NLD di lam viec o nudc ngoai theo thi trudng 59 giai doan 2000-2011 .59 Bang 2.5 Doanh nghiep duoc tuyen duong nam 2010 ve ticli 63 Bang 3.1 Du bao thay doi ve viec lam giai doan 2009 - 2020 77 Bang 3.2 Ty le that nghiep cua lao dong tuoi 78 BIEU DO Bieu 2.1 Co cau lao dong theo thi trudng 60 ¥ L TRUONG DA■ I HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ ossoGScaca - DAO PHUONG LAN tang cuOng quan ly nha nuoc doi vOi hoat dong dua nguoi lao dong vin nam di lam viec U NUUC ngoai theo hop dong ■ CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH 'it CHINH TRI TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SI • • IIA NOI NAM 2011 MO DAU Su’ can thiet cua de tai nghien cuu Nam 2006, Quoc hoi Khoa XI da ban hanh Luat “ Ngudi lao dong di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong” phan dinh ro rang chuc nang quan ly nha nudc va chuc nang cua cac doanh nghiep Nang cao hon nua trach nhiem cua cac co quan Nha nudc va doanh nghiep vdi ngudi lao dong., Luat quy dinh cu the ve chuc nang, nhiem vu, quyen han cua cac Bo nganh tham dinh dieu kien hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep Cac bo nganh lien quan co nhiem vu soat lai he thong van ban phap luat cua Chinh phu de phat hien nhung mau thuan, bat cap va trinh Chinh phu nham co nhung, sua doi, bo sung, thay the cho phu hop thuc te Cac chinh sach ve dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai cung can co tinh dinh hudng phu hop vdi su phat trien dat nudc Tac gia chon de tai: “TANG CUONG QUAN LY NHA NU’O’C DOI VOI HOAT DONG DUA NGUOI LAO DONG VIET NAM DI LAM VIEC O NUOC NGOAI THEO HO'P DONG ” lam de tai nghien cuu luan van Thac sy Tinh hinh nghien cuu de tai Da co nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc lien quan den hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Mot so de tai nghien cuu khoa hoc cap bo, luan van, cac bai viet dang tren bao, tap chi nghien cuu chuyen nganh cung da de cap den hoat dong dua ngudi lao dong di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong nhung nam qua Do viec nghien cuu de tang cudng quan ly cua nha nudc phu hop vdi dieu kien thuc te va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, de hoat dong dua ngudi lao dong di lam viec d nudc ngoai duoc hieu qua de phat trien kinh te xa hoi ii Muc dich va nhiem vu nghien cuu khoa hoc cua de tai Lam ro cong tac quan ly nha nuoc doi voi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai cua Viet Nam de rut nhirng bai hoc kinh nghiem De xuat nhung giai phap de tang cudng quan ly nha nudc doi vdi boat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai de dat hieu qua cao Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu Doi tuong nghien cuu : Noi dung cua quan ly nha nudc doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Noi dung nghien cuu: Thuc trang quan ly nha nudc doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai nhung han che ton tai bao gom : Pham vi nghien cuu: Ve khong gian: Nghien cuu quan ly nha nudc doi vdi lao dong Viet Nam duoc xuat khau cac nudc de lam viec ( xuat khau true tiep ) Khong nghien cuu lao dong lanh tho nudc Cong hoa xa hoi chu nglua Viet Nam ( xuat khau lao dong tai cho ) Thdi gian nghien cuu: Tu nam 2006 den nay, la thdi gian ban hanh luat “ Ngudi lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong” Muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai Lam ro cong tac quan ly nha nudc doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam de rut nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem De xuat nhung giai phap de tang cudng quan ly nha nudc doi vdi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai de dat hieu qua cao Cac phuong phap nghien cuu Luan van sir dung phuong phap lich str va phuong phap logic la nhirng phuong phap mang tinh dac thu cua chuyen nganh nghien cuu Dong thdi luan van ket hop phuong phap phan tich kinh te, doi chung so sanh de di sau nghien cuu cua de tai Luan van su dung phuong phap thong ke, doi chung so sanh, phan 89 tranh chap phat sinh lien quan den quyen lpi cua NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai 3.2.3 Gidi phap thuc hien chinh sach quan ly, bao ve quyen va loi ich hop phap cua ngudi lao dong di lam viec o' nude ngoai Cue Quan ly lao dong ngoai nirdc, co quan va chinh quyen cac dia phuong tang kiem tra giam sat hoat dong mdi gidi, tuyen dung hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nude ngoai vice ky ket va thuc hien cac dieu khoan hop dong cung ling lao dong cho cac doi tac nudc ngoai hop dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai va hop dong lao dong de han che chap nhan rui ro hanh vi tieu cue vi pham phap luat hoat dong cua doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai ke ca ngudi lao dong tham gia hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai tir nguyen cam ket thuc hien Bo qui tac ling xu dung cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dua ngudi lao dong di lam vice d nudc ngoai (CoC - VN) Bo Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi phoi hop cung I liep hoi XKLD Viet Nam xay dung Giam sat va kiem tra thuong xuyen thuc hien trach nhiem cua cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai: viec quan ly NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai doanh nghiep dua sang cac nudc lam viec nhu: So luong dia dicm lao dong, dieu kien lam viec va sinh hoat va thuc hien cac nglna vu khac theo phap luat hien hanh nhat la thuc hien yeu cau lap van phong dai dien d nhirng thi trudng cd tu 300 NLD di lam vice d nirdc ngoai trd len doanh nghiep dua di Nhung doanh nghiep chua thuc hien cac yen cau phai tarn ngirng boat dong tuyen dung mdi de khac phuc, trudng hop khong thuc hien dugc bi dinh chi hoat dong, rut giay phep De tao thuan lpi cho cac doanh nghiep co quan chuc nang cung can ban hanh cac quy dinh ve trach nhiem nglna vu va quy che lam viec cu the cua cac van phong dai dien chung cua cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Trong boi canh tinh hinh the gidi khu vuc co nhieu dien hien phuc tap kho luong Chinh phu can chi dao Bo Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi chu tri phoi hop vdi co quan chuc nang huu quan khan truong nghien cum de xuat phuong an lap Quy hoac nguon kinh phi ho tro khan cap cho cac hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai true thuoc Chinh phu quan ly de phong ngira rui ro phai dua mot luong rat ldn NLD di lam vice d nudc 90 ngoai ve nuoc bao loan, noi chien, tham hoa thien tai tai nuoc tiep nhan NLE) Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai nhu da xay doi voi thi truong Libya vao thang nam 2011 Tang cuong cong tac bao ho cong dan va trp giup de bao ve quyen loi lpi ich hpp phap cho NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai Cuc Quan ly lao dong ngoai nuoc phoi hpp vdi Co quan dai dien ngoai giao Viet nam d nuoc ngoai cac co quan chuc nang huu quan chinh quyen dia phuong phoi hpp to chuc cac doan cong tac lien nganh dinh ky hay dot xuat kiem tra danh gia tinh hinh lao dong va sinh hoat cua NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai, viec thuc hien lao dong cua cac ben, nhat la nhung noi chua cd Ban Quan ly NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai, nhung noi cd it NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai Tren co sd dd lap phuong an xu ly kip thoi cac vuong mac lien quan den quyen lpi cua NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai Co quan dia dien ngoai giao Viet Nam d nuoc ngoai thiet lap duong day ndng de NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai phan hoi ve tinh trang lao dong, sinh hoat; lap dia chi, trung tam tu van, ho trp phap ly cho NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai, nhat la doi voi lao dong nu viec bao ve quyen lpi cua ho cac dich vu tranh chap, khieu kien voi phia nuoc ngoai Tren co sd phap luat cua nuoc sd tai, lap cac to, co sd Dang, Doan de NLD tham gia sinh hoat nhung noi cd dong NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nuoc ngoai, phan phat bao chi, thong tin ve tinh hinh nuoc, gia dinh NLD., nang cao doi song van hoa tinh than cho nguoi lao dong, tang cuong su ket noi cong dong NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai va quang ba hinh anh nguoi va dat nuoc Viet Nam d nuoc ngoai T hong qua dd, mot mat dong vien tinh than cua NLD nam bat tam tu, nguyen vong, nhung van de vuong mac sinh hoat, quan he chu thp cua NLD de cd bien phap xu ly phu hpp quan he chu thp cua NLD de cd bien phap xu ly phu hpp kip thoi; mat khac de theo ddi, quan ly, giam sat NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai d nuoc sd tai Nghien cuu lap to chuc cua nhung NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai de dau tranh voi cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat d ca 91 va ngoai nudc gay ton hai den quyen va loi ich hop phap cua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai, bao ve loi l'ch, nhan pham cho NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Chinh sach doi vdi NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai het han hop dong ve nudc, chinh sach an sinh xa hoi hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Tu thuc te nudc ta cung nhu kinh nghiem cua cac nudc dua NIT) di lam viec d nudc ngoai khu vuc, NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai sau ket thuc hop dong ve nudc co the doi mat vdi nhieu thach thuc nhu tai that nghiep, no nan, om dau, mat suc lao dong, hanh phuc gia dinh ran nut Do do, giai quyet tot cac van de lien quan tdi NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai sau het han hop dong ve nudc mdi thuc su hoan tat mot chu trinh dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai va mdi co the danh gia duoc hieu qua thuc su cua no Bdi vay, van de quan la phai co chinh sach phu hop va cu the, rd rang doi vdi NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai ve nudc nham khuyen khich NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai yen tam lam viec d nudc ngoai.han che duoc tinh trang bo tron hay vi pham phap luat cua NLD Ve phia Nha nudc tren co so Luat dau tu nudc, Chuong trinh viec lam quoc gia, chinh sach khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep vua va nho, Luat hop tac xa, thuc hien cac chinh sach, bien phap khuyen khich, ho tro (cho vay von lai suat thap, khong lai suat, uu dai thue thu dat, thue thu nhap mot so nam, ho tro thong tin nganh nghe, thi trudng ) cho NLD di lam vi& d nudc ngoai het hop dong ve nudc su dung nguon tai chinh tu NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai de dau tu san xuat, kinh doanh, tao viec lam cho ban than va cho nhung ngudi khac, can dac biet khuyen khich nhung ngudi co kha nang gop von lap cac cong ty, doanh nghiep, hop tac xa kinh doanh, to nghe, hoi nghe,,, Chinh phu can chu dong va tang cudng dam phan ky ket cac thoa thuan, hiep dinh vdi cac nudc tiep can NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai ve tuyen dung lai, gia han hop dong doi vdi NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai het han hop dong co du dieu kien dap ung duoc yeu cau cua chu su dung nudc sd tai Khuyen khich, ho tro NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai tu tim kiem hop dong tuyen dung lai d nudc ngoai, nhu giam 92 thdi gian lam thu tuc dua NLD di lam vice b nude ngoai cung cap thong tin ve thi trudng ho trp mot phan chi phi di lai Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec b nude ngoai xue tien dam phan voi cac doi tac nude ngoai tiep nhan lai NLD di lam vice d nu'dc ngoai het han hop dong Nghien cuu xay dung cac chinh sach bao hiem xa hoi, bao hiem y te phu hop cho NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai nhat la nhirng ngudi da cd thdi gian dong bao hiem nhieu nam d nudc ngoai; cd chinh sach ho tro dong vien ve vat chat va tinh than doi vdi nhung NLD di lam vice b nubc ngoai gap rui ro khong may bi tai nan, mat kha nang lao dong, thuong tat, ke ca mac cac benh xa hoi lam viec b nubc ngoai; tao dieu kien thuan loi cho ho hoa nhap vbi cong dong de tao niem tin cho NLD va gia dinh ho noi rieng va quan chung nhan dan noi chung ve chinh sach dua NLD di lam viec b nubc ngoai cua Nha nubc ta Mot mat thuc hien chinh sach dam bao an sinh xa hoi mat khac han che lieu cue tbi dbi song xa hoi mat khac han che tieu cue tbi dbi song xa hoi b dia phuong phat sinh co nguyen nhan tu nhung NLD Cac to chuc chinh tri, doan the b dia phuong nhu Mat tran To quoc Doan Thanh nien I loi Ndng dan, I loi Phu ntr tang cudng tuyen truyen van dong cac gia dinh co NLD di lam viec b nubc ngoai chap hanh dung cac quy dinh ve phap luat; tham hoi tu van ve gin giu hanh phuc gia dinh dbi vbi nhung ngudi co vp (chong) la NLD di lam vice b nubc ngoai ve gidi thieu vice lam dao tao nghe tham gia hoat dong xa hoi phong trao doan the dbi vbi nhung NLD di lam viec b nubc ngoai het han hop dong ve nubc, nhat la nhung NLD gap rui ro phai ve nubc truoc han hop dong roi vao canh no nan pha san Cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec b nubc ngoai xay dung cac ke hoach lien ket hop tac vdi cac doanh nghiep san xuat kinh doanh nudc ve tuyen dung Doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai da phat trien manh hinh duoc tap doan cung ung nhan luc phai co ke hoach tuyen dung lai hoac chu dong tim kien nhu cau su dung NLD di lam vice b nude ngoai doanh nghiep dua di lam viec nude ngoai het han hop dong ve nude 93 Bo LDTBXH Bp Cong an va cac co' quan chuc nang cung UBND cac dia phuong can phoi hop sdm to chuc so ket tong ket viec trien khai thuc hien cac van ban chinh sach lien quan den bao dam trat tir an toan xa hoi va an ninh chinh tri lmh vuc dua NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai thdi gian qua lam co so cho vice sua ddi bo sung cac chinh sach van ban mdi cho phu hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te 3.2.4 Tang cuong cong tac tra, kiem tra cua nha nude doi voi hoat dong dua NLD di Idm viec o' nude ngoai fang cudng tra, xu ly vi pham ddi vdi cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat boat dong NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai Cac UBND Sd LDTBXH cong an cac dia phuong tang cudng quan ly chat che vice chap hanh cac quy dinh phap luat cua cac to chuc don vi tham gia dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai tuyen chon, giao due dao lao dua di lam vice d nudc ngoai, quan ly lao dong d ngoai nudc va dua lao dong het han hpp ddng ve nude Kien quyet thu hoi giay phep cua doanh nghiep khdng thuc hien dung va day du cac quy dinh phap luat ve dua lao ddng di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hpp ddng: kip thdi thong tin day du cong khai ve doanh nghiep bi thu hoi giay phep boat dong Phoi hpp dieu tra lam rd nhung sai pham lmh vuc dira NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai cua cac don vi to chuc va ca nhan linh vuc dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai cua cac don vi to chuc va ca nhan xa hoi nhat la qua trinh phat hien dieu tra cac vu an hinh sir lien quan den lmh vuc nav Xu ly nghiem ddi vdi nhung ddi tuong ipi dung chu truong chinh sach dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai cua Nha nudc de lira dao chiem doat tai san dua ngudi trai phep nudc ngoai toi pham hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai de lira dao chiem doat tai san dua ngudi trai phep nudc ngoai buon ban ngudi nhat la phu nir Coi dau tranh phong chong toi pham hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai la mot nhung nhiem vu quan cua Chuong trinh dau tranh phong chong toi pham qudc gia phat dong tinh than loan dan dau tranh tot giac toi pham hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai Khuycn khich NLD tham gia phat hien to giac va ngan chan cac hanh vi tieu cue vi pham phap luat hoat ddng nhat la hanh vi lira dao NLD cua 94 cac to chuc, ca nhan khdng co chuc nang hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai Xay dung va cong bo cac chinh sach, hinh thuc khen thudng nhung ngudi co tinh than tich cuc, co nhieu tich dau tranh to giac tieu cuc va toi pham hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai, ke cac cac bien phap bao ve ho ciing nhu quy dinh cu the ve viec xu phat nhung ngudi co hanh vi bao che, tiep tay cho cac hoat dong vi pham phap luat tieu cuc hoat dong Co quan quan ly nha nudc ve hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai va cac co quan bao ve phap luat chu dong phoi hop xay dung cac phuong an dinh ky va dot xuat kiem tra tinh hinh lao dong va nhung sinh hoat cua lao dong Viet Nam d nudc sd tai Trong nhung trudng hop can thiet Bo Ngoai giao dua cong ham den chinh quyen nudc sd tai de cho co quan chuc nang cua ho cung kiem tra nhat la d nhung noi hay xay tieu cuc rui ro, vi pham quyen va loi ich cua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Tang cudng cac hoat dong hop tac va tuong tro tu phap vdi cac nudc tiep nhan lao dong de kien quyet xu ly nghiem cac truong hop NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai tu y pha hop dong bo tron ngoai lam viec va cu tru bat hop phap d nudc sd tai giai quyet van de NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai bi phan biet doi xu bi lam dung, cudng buc tinh due,, Dac biet la ngan chan, xu ly kip thdi va triet de cac hanh vi loi dung hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai de du do, loi keo NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai bo tron, vi pham phap luat nudc sd tai, lua dao, budn ban phu nu qua bien gidi pha hoa i childa sac!a dua NLD d i lam viec d nude ngoa i cua Dang va Nha nudc ta, thuc hien cac am muu chong pha, gay mat on dinh an ninh chinh tri va trat tu an toan xa hoi cua Viet Nam Cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai vua phai chu dong thuc hien cac bien phap phong ngua, phat hien va dau tranh vdi nhung hanh vi tieu cuc, cac hoat dong phi phap, dong thdi vua phai tu minh nghiem chinh chap hanh phap luat hoat dong Do do, cap phep cho doanh nghiep hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai, can co quy dinh doi vdi cac doang nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai phai ky cam ket ve van de va dua viec thuc hien cam 95 ket la mot tieu chi xep hang cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai hang nam 3.2.5 Tang cudng hop tac quoc te, to chuc boat dong xuc tien phat trien thi trudng linh vuc ngudi lao dong di lam viec d nudc ngoai Cung vdi dam phan, ky ket cac hiep dinh thoa thuan hop tac lao dong cap Nha nudc va cac nudc tao nen tang phap ly va moi trudng dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai cho cac doanh nghiep dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai va NLD tham gia Chinh phu va cac Bo nganh huu quan cac hoat dong ngoai giao khac can chu long ghep van de tiep nhan va su dung lao dong Viet Nam tai cac nudc Danh gia va rut kinh nghiem viec thuc hien cac thoa thuan hiep dinh hop tac lao dong quoc te mdi ky ket vdi cac nudc Nga, Belaruts Niu Dilan Dan Mach Phan Lan Quatar Co oet UAE, de md rong thi trudng tang so luong NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Ngoai hop tac quoc te ve dao tao nghe cho NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai hop tac linh vuc tu phap phong chong toi pham Chinh phu can chu dong ky va tham gia cac dieu udc cong udc quoc te ve lao dong va NLD di cu' quoc te phu hop vdi tien trinh hoi nhap KT QT cua viet Nam tao co sd phap ly quoc te viec bao ve NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai Dong thdi nghien cuu xay dung phuong an va chu dong hop tac vdi cac nudc tiep nhan NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai ldn Nghien cuu phuong an lap Hiep hoi XKLD khu vuc ASEAN de tang cudng vi the cua Viet Nam linh vuc va han che cac hanh vi canh tranh khong lanh manh tu cac nudc dua khac dam bao duoc loi ich quoc gia cua Viet Nam day manh dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai 3.3 Kien nghi Trong suot thdi gian qua hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai da la mot nhung muc tieu quan de phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la mot jtrong nhung giai phap quan nham gop phan giai quyet viec lam tang thu nhap cai thien ddi song cho ho gia dinh NLD Khi nen kinh te cua dat nudc da tang trudng cao hon da tao duoc hang ngan viec lam mdi moi nam va cung can mot so luong ldn lao ddng de xay dung phat trien dat nudc vay dinh hudng ve giai quyet viec lam phai theo dinh hudng mdi de phu hop vdi tinh hinh phat trien dat nudc Hoat jdong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai phai hudng den muc tieu dua lao dong co ham luong chat xam cao di lam viec d nudc ngoai, ty le lao dong co tay nghe va chuyen gia gop phan tang trudng ngudn nhan luc de phat trien kinh te xa hoi dat nudc mudi nam tdi Ddng thdi tang cudng quan ly Nha nudc va xay dung co che phoi hop dong bo phan cap su chiu trach nhiem ro rang hon phat huy su tham gia cua cac phan kinh te xay dung chinh sach ho tro cho cac doanh nghiep va NLD de hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai dat duoc tieu chuan quoc te va hieu qua kinh te cao Vi vay tac gia kien nghi mot sO van de sau: 3.3.1 Kien nghi voi Qudc hoi Co su giam sat thudng xuyen viec thuc hien chinh sach phap luat ve hoat dong dua NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop ddng Thay dOi lai tieu thuc giao chi tieu hang nam ve luong lao dong di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong va chi tieu giai quyet viec lam bao gdm ca dua lao dong di lam vice d nudc ngoai bang chi tieu kinh te tong hop co the kiem- soat hoan toan duoc nhu chi tieu that nghiep Ngan sach Nha nudc hang nam cho viec thuc hien cac chinh sach Luat ngudi lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop ddng phai bo tri du de thuc hien duoc chuong trinh giai quyet viec lam hang nam 3.3.2 Kien nghi vo’i Chinh phu Ra soat lai cac van ban dudi Luat de sua doi bO sung nhung van ban hudng dan hieu luc thay the va bai bo nhung van ban bat cap lam han che su phat trien cua hoa dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai Tiep tuc cu the hoa cac qui dinh cua Luat nham bao dam tinh thong nhat va tinh kha thi cua cac van ban phap luat ve hoat dong dong thdi bao dam su long ghep vdi cac chinh sach co lien quan mot cach co hieu qua chu y them doi tuong chinh sach la lao dong ngheo lao dong ngudi dan toc thieu so lao dong la bo doi xuat ngu lao dong cac ho nong dan bi thu hdi dat nong nghiep de su dung vao muc dich phat trien kinh te xa hoi thuc 97 hien quan ly nha nuoc mot each dong bd vdi tat ca cac laoi hinh dua NLD di lam vice d nude ngoai, phan cap va phoi hop giua cac co quan quan ly va ngoai nude, xay dung he thong chi tieu bieu man thong ke bao cao to chuc quan ly va bao ve quyen lpi ich hop phap cua cac doanh nghiep va NLD di lam vice d nude ngoai Cong tac tuven truycn bien phap luat va cung cap nhung thong tin day du va chinh xac cho NLD chu hinh thuc dua nhung lao dong cong da hoan hop dong dien hinh chia sc kinh nghiem cung cap thong tin van hoa cua cac nude cho nhung NLD co nhu cau muon di lam vice d nudc ngoai Cd che tai xu phat va ngan chan cac thong tin phan anh khdng khach quan khdng chinh xac thong tin mot chieu Khi NLD het han hop dong trd ve nudc can dupe thuc hien sir hd trp theo quy dinh tai dieu 59 va dieu 60 cua Luat ngudi lao dong Viet Nam di lam vice d nudc ngoai theo hop dong Nghien cuu md hinh sap xep doanh nghiep theo hudng tang cudng cac doanh nghiep chuyen ve boat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai to chuc lai cac doanh nghiep du manh de canh tranh dupe vdi doanh nghiep cac nudc xay dung chi tieu danh gia hien dai de cd the danh gia chinh xac dupe hieu jqua hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep dich vu hudng tdi dinh ky danh gia cong bd chat luong hoat jdong cua cac doanh nghiep Cong tac tra kiem tra xu ly hanh vi vi pham pham luat kien quvet thu hoi giay phep cua cac doanh nghiep thuc hien khdng dung va day du cac qui dinh phap luat ve dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong Dang thong tin cong khai thong tin day du ve nhung doanh nghiep da bi thu hoi giay phep hoat dong Khuyen cao day du tren cac phuong tien dai chung nhung thu doan lira dao hoat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai de diaj phuong va nhung ngudi lao dong chu dong phong ngira va khdng bi mac bay Chinh phu chi dao Bo cong an tang cudng hoat dong phong chong toi pham lira dao NLD Cac hoat dong xue tien md rong thi trudng tang cudng cong tac dam phan ky ket cac hiep dinh thoa thuan song phuong bien ban ghi nhd ve hop tac lao dong vdi cac nudc nham dua lao dong di lam vice d thi trudng on dinh ve chinh tri kinh 98 te chi phi ban dan di thap quyen lgi cua NLD dugc dam bao, dac biet la lao dong nir co co che ho trg thich hgp cho cac doanh nghiep tien phong md rong thi trudng mdi cd thu nhap cao phu hgp vdi nguon cung lao dong Viet Nam Ngoai can nghien cuu noi lai boat dong dua chuyen gia Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai nhu nhung nam 1980-1990 day la hinh thuc cd nhieu trien vong cao ve chinh tri- kinhte-xa hoi, dong thdi la kenh quang ba hinh anh Viet Nam tich cue va hieu qua phu hgp vdi noi dung cac dien dan Viet Nam - Chau Phi vdi nhung cam ket chinh tri manh me md nhieu tac dong tich cue tao dieu kien thuc day vice dua chuyen gia di lam viec d nirdc ngoai Nghien cuu, sua doi lai quyet dinh qui dinh su dung Quy ho trg viec lam ngoai nudc theo hudng hop ly hon va cd hieu qua tap trung chu yeu vao ho trg khai thac thi trudng tiep nhan lao dong cd thu nhap cao hgp dong dai han ho trg NLD xay sir cd chien tranh thien tai ho trg cong tac tuyen truyen hien chinh sach va phap luat Tang cudng nguon von dau tu phat trien thi truong va dao tao nguon lao dong co trinh tay nghe Tang cudng quan ly Nha nudc doi vdi cong tac bao ho cong dan va trg giup phap ly de bao ve quyen loi ich hgp phap cho lao dong Viet nam d nudc ngoai hinh cac dia chi trung tarn ho trg NLD va dac biet la lao dong nu tai cac nudc co nhieu lao dong Viet Nam lam vice Nghien cuu lai md hinh Ban quan ly lao dong d nudc ngadi phu hgp vdi cac thi trudng va phap luat cua nudc tiep nhan Cd cac bien phap thiet thuc nham tang cudng sir ket noi cong dong ngudi Viet Nam lam vice d nude ngoai bang cac boat dong van hoa tinh than cho NLD Hop tac vdi cac nudc cung tham gia thi trudng dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai de lap hiep hoi cac nudc, giam canh tranh khong lanh manh lam thiet hai den quyen va lgi ich kinh te chung cua cac ben 3.3.3 Kien nghi doi vdi Bo Lao dong Thuong binh va Xd hoi Chinh sach va ca che cua boat dong dua NLD di lam vice d nudc ngoai la muc tieu chinh de xda dbi giam ngheo va nhieu van de xa hoi khac bo lao dongThirong binh va Xa hoi can lam rd pham vi nao thi ap dung theo co che thi trudng 99 pham vi nao thi giai quyet chinh sach xa hoi tranh de Ian ldn giua kinh doanh va chinh sach xa hoi sc dan den nhirng van de het sire phuc tap to chuc thirc hien cung nhu- quan ly vice dua NLD di lam vice d nirdc ngoai de giam ty le that nghiep xoa ddi giam ngheo d cac huyen ngheo nhat nude thi ngudn kinh phi thuc hien chu yeu lay tir ngan sach nha nude ca tir trung uong den dia phirong va mot phan cua NLD khdng nen mien phi hoan toil Co quan quan ly Nha nirdc va cac doanh nghiep hoat dong dich vu dira NLD di lam viec d nude ngoai chu yeu la giup ve nghiep vu d tat ca cac cong doan kinh phi nghiep vu cho cac ddi tuong chinh sach cung duoc chi tir ngan sach nha nude Cac doanh nghiep dira ngirdi lao dong di lam viec d nirdc ngoai nen duoc phep cd von cd yeu to nudc ngoai vdi mot ty le gop von cho phep 100 KET LUAN Qua trinh hoi nhap KTQT cang sau rong vay hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nuoc ngoai cua Viet Nam van tiep tuc dong vai trd quan trong phat trien kinh te xa hoi va xoa ddi giam ngheo Trong nhung nam tdi chu truong cua Dang va nha nuoc la day manh hoat dong dua NLD di lam viec d nudc ngoai nham muc tieu dam bao uy tin cua Viet Nam tren trudng quoc te xay dung doi ngu lao dong cd trinh chuyen mon ky thuat ngoai ngu va cd y thuc chap hanh phap luat Dung tren gdc nghien cuu ve linh vuc dua NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong, tac gia lam rd duoc co sd ly luan ve quan ly Nha nudc ddi vdi hoat dong dua NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong, xac dinh dupe cac nhan to anh hudng den quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi hoat dong dua NLD Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hop dong, danh gia duoc thuc trang hoat dong dua NLD Viet Nam di lam vice d nudc ngoai theo hop dong cua Viet nam tir nam 2006 den va dua dupe mot so giai phap de nang cao nang luc quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi boat dong dua NLD Viet Nam di lam vice d nudc ngoai theo hop dong Vice dua lao dong di lam viec d nudc ngoai luon dupe Dang va Nha nudc quan tarn, coi la mot bp phan cau chien lupc quoc gia ve giai quyet vice lam Xuat phat tir yeu can nghien cuu va thuc te cong viec dupe sir giup va hudng dan tan tinh cua PGS.TS Dang Van Thang tac gia da hoan luan van thac si vdi de tai "Tcing cudng quan ly nha nude doi vdi hoat dong dua nguoi lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec o’ nuoc ngoai theo hop dong" Trong qua trinh nghien cuu va hoan thien de tai van han che ve kinh nghiem kien thuc nen luan van khdng tranh khdi nhung thieu sot Tac gia mong dupe sir dong gdp y kien ciia cac giao su tien sy cac nha khoa hoc de luan van nav dupe hoan thien hon 101 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ | Bo giao due dao tao (2011), Giao trinh nhirng nguyen ly ca ban cua chu nghia Mac — LeNin Nha xuat han chinh tri qudc gia - su that | ] Thac si Diep Thanh Nguyen Giao trinh luat lao dong ca ban Khoa Luat - Dai hoc Can I’ll o’ | 3] GS.TS Do Due Binh- PGS I S Nguyen Thuong Lang (2010) Giao trinh kinh te qudc te Nha xuat ban Dai hoc kinh te qudc dan | ] Hoc vicn hanh chinh (2010) Hanh chinh nha nudc vd cong nghe hanh chinh Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky thuat [ | Chinh phu (1980) Nghi quyet sd 362/CP 29 thang 11 nam 1980 cua hoi dong Chinh phu ve viec hap tac sir dung lao dong vdi cac nudc xa hoi chu nghia | ] TS Nguyen Vinh Quang - Bui Thi Xuyen (2006 - in lan 2), Giup ban lira chon tham gia xuat khau lao dong Nxb Thanh nien Ha Noi | ] Chinh phu (2007) Nghi dinh so I26/2007/ND-CP 01/08/2007 cua Chinh plni quy dinh chi tiet vd hudng ddnthi hanh mot so dieu cua Luat ngirdi lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec a nirdc ngoai theo hop ddng |8 | Le Hong Huven (2010) Quan ly nha nirdc ve di chuyen lao dong Viet Nam nirdc ngoai lam viec Luan an tien sy, Dai hoc Qudc gia la Noi [ ] Dang cong san Viet Nam (2001) Van kien Dai hoi Dai bieu toan qudc ldn thu IX Nha xuat ban Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Noi [ 10 | Qudc hoi ( 2006 ) Bd luat Lao ddng ciia nudc Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam (dd dirac sira ddi bd sung nam 2002) NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia la Noi [ 11 ] Quoc hoi (1992) Hien phap nam 1992 ( 12 ] Quoc hoi (2006) Luat ngirdi lao ddng Viet Nam di lam viec a nirdc ngoai theo hop ddng | 13 ] Chinh phu (2007) Nghi dinh sd 178/2007/ND-CP 03 thang 12 nam 2007 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chirc nang nhiem vu quyen han vd ca cau to chirc cua Bo, co' quan ngang Bd 102 j 14 | Bo lao dong thuong binh va xa hoi (2008), Onyet dinh sd 159 /QD- DTBXH 02/01/2008 cua Ba lao dong - Thuong hinh vd xd hoi ve viec lap Cue quan ly lao dong ngoai nud'e | 15 ] Hiep hoi XKLD Viet Nam Bo qui tac ung xu dung cho cac doanh nghiep Tiet Nam dira ngudi lao dong di lam viec o' niro'c ngoai [ 16 | PGS.TS Ngo Thang Loi - TS Phan Thi Nhiem (2008) Kinh te phat trien Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi [ 17 ] Bo giao due dao tao (2003) Giao trinh du bao phat trien kinh te xd hoi Nha xuat ban thong ke nam [ 18 | Phung Thi Xuan Luan van thac sy: Nghien cuu thong ke tinh hinh lao dong xuat khau cua Viet Nam giai doan 1992 - 2003 vd du bao den nam 2010 | 19 | Nguyen Thi Hong Bich (2007) Xuat khau lao dong cua mot so nud’c Dong Nam A - Kinh nghiem bai hoc Nha xuat ban khoa hoc xa hoi | 20 | TS Luu Van Hung (2011) Xuat khau lao dong Viet Nam thdi doi moi vd hoi nhap, Nha xuat ban Tir dien bach khoa | 21 | Trudng dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan (2011) Gzdo trinh dieu tra xd hoi doc,Nha xuat ban dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan [ 22 | Nguyen Tien Dung (2010), Phat trien xuat khau lao dong Viet Nam hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Luan an tien sy kinh te Dai hoc quoc gia Ho Chi Minh | 23 j - Bo lao dong - thuong binh va xa hoi Bao cao ve sd lieu thong ke lao ddngviec lam o' Viet Nam Ha Noi 2006 - 2011 | 24 ] - Cue quan ly lao dong ngoai nude Cac tu lieu ve xuat khau lao dong tic nam 2006 - 2011 [ 25 ] Hiep hoi xuat khau lao dong Viet Nam (2011) Z?d/7 tin lao dong vd viec lam ngoai nirdc so 42 thang nam 2011 [ 26 | Hiep hoi xuat khau lao dong Viet Nam (2011) Ban tin lao dong vd viec lam ngoai nude sd 43 thang 10 nam 2011 | 27 | Hiep hoi xuat khau lao dong Viet Nam (2011), Ban tin lao dong vd viec lam ngoai nuoc sd 39 thang nam 2011 103 [ 25 | Iliep hoi xuat khau lao dong Viet Nam (2010) Ban tin lao dong vd viec Idin ngoai undo sd 35 thang nam 2010 | 28 | Thu tuong chinh phu (2006) Quyet dinh 33/2006/QD-TTgp/ie duvet de an day nghe cho lao dong di lam viec o' nudc ngoai den nam 2015 | 29 ] Vien khoa hoc lao dong va xa hoi (2009), Lao dong viec lam thdi ky hoi nhap, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi | 30 ] Quoc hoi (2004) Luat tra quoc hoi thong qua 15/6/2004 | 31 ] Chinh phu (2009) Quyet dinh sd 71/2009/QD-TTg 29 thang nam 2009 cua Thu twang Chinh phu phe duvet De an Hd tra cac huyen ngheo day manh xuat khau lao dong gdp phan giam ngheo hen vung giai doan 2009-2020 |32 ] Nguyen Thi Minh Hang (2003) Tang cudng quan ly nha nud’c ve xuat khau lao dong a nudc ta Tuan van thac si Hoc vien hanh chinh quoc gia [33J Uy ban thuong vu quoc hoi (2010), cao ket qua giam sat sd 365/BC- UBTVQH12 28 thang nam 2010 " Viec to chuc, thuc hien chinh sach, phap luat ve ngudi lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec 6’ nude ngoai" | 34 | Bo Chinh tri Dang Cong san Viet Nam Chi thi sd 41 - CT/TW 22 thang nam 1998 cua Bd Chinh tri Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang ve xuat khau lao dong vd chuyen gia | 35 | Nguyen Ngoc Tien (15/01/2011) Hieu qua tir xuat khau lao dong, http://hanoimoi.com.vn | 36 ] I ran Van I ho (Tokyo) Nghich ly cua vein de xuat khau lao dong, http://tuoitreonline.com.vn | 37 ] Dang cong san Viet Nam (2006) Van kien Dai hoi Dang cong san toan quoc ldn thu X Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Noi | 38 | Dao Cong Hai (2011), Dac thu cua mdt sd thi trudng xuat khau lao dong, l ap chi dien tir lao dong va xa hoi Cac Website: http://www.molisa.gov.vn http: //www ab go v http://www.vamas.com.vn